Article(id=1276175518328287232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704988800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-12, revisedDate=1709568000000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193553764, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193553764, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193553764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193553764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1868, endPage=1876, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175519943094274, articleId=1276175518328287232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Combined Application of Controlled-release Urea and Common Urea on Leaf Nutrient, Latex Nutrient, and Yield in Rubber Tree, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to clarify the application effect of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on rubber trees, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on the yield, leaf and latex mineral nutrients and soil nitrogen content of rubber trees under the condition of nitrogen reduction, and to provide a reference base for reasonable nitrogen application in the cultivation of rubber trees. The results showed that the combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea increased the dry rubber yield and the nitrogen content of leaves. Compared with conventional fertilization, the dry rubber yield increased by 16.28%-39.13% (2021) and 7.94%-9.69% (2022), nitrogen content in leaves increased by 10.54%-19.17% (2021) and 10.24%-21.50% (2022), and the leaf nitrogen content of the combined application of controlled-release urea combined and common urea was above normal value. Combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea also increased the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content in the fertilization hole of rubber plantation by 11.27%-80.36% compared with conventional fertilization. When the ratio of controlled release urea and common urea was 50:50, the dry rubber yield (2022), leaf nitrogen content (2021—2022) and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content (2021—2022) were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization. Overall, under the conditions of this experiment, the combination of controlled-release urea and common urea at a ratio of 50∶50 could obtain a higher dry rubber yield, improve the nutritional status of leaves, maintain soil nitrogen level, and help to achieve green and efficient fertilizer management of rubber trees.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hongzhu YANG, Yanyan HUANG, Chunhua JI, Hailin LIU, Qinghuo LIN, Zhengzao CHA, Wei LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hailin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175523847991306, articleId=1276175518328287232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片和胶乳养分及产量的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了明确控释尿素与普通尿素配施在橡胶树上的应用效果,通过2年田间试验,研究了减氮条件下控释尿素与普通尿素不同比例配施对橡胶树产量、叶片和胶乳矿质养分及土壤氮含量的影响,为橡胶树栽培管理中合理施氮提供技术支撑。结果表明:控释尿素与普通尿素配施可提高橡胶树干胶产量和叶片氮含量,与常规施肥相比,橡胶树干胶产量增幅为16.28%~39.13%(2021年)和7.94%~9.69%(2022年),叶片氮含量增幅为10.54%~19.17%(2021年)和10.24%~21.50%(2022年),控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理叶片氮含量均处于正常值以上。控释尿素与普通尿素配施还能够增加胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量,较常规施肥增加了11.27%~80.36%。控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50时,橡胶树干胶产量(2022年)、叶片氮含量(2021—2022年)和土壤碱解氮含量(2021—2022年)均显著高于常规施肥。综上所述,在本试验条件下,控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50能够获得较高的干胶产量,可改善叶片营养状况,维持土壤氮水平,有利于实现橡胶树施肥管理的绿色协同增效。

, authors=

杨红竹(1974—),女,本科,实验师,研究方向:土壤农化分析与高效施肥技术。

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* 刘海林(LIU Hailin),E-mail:
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杨红竹(1974—),女,本科,实验师,研究方向:土壤农化分析与高效施肥技术。

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杨红竹(1974—),女,本科,实验师,研究方向:土壤农化分析与高效施肥技术。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of mixing controlled-release and normal urea on yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization in waxy maize, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465465673257943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=11, pageStart=2042, pageEnd=2058, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=49, authorNames=韩锐锋, 牛堉锡, 王鑫悦, 李国明, 林祥, 王瑞, 王东, journalName=植物营养与肥料学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩锐锋, 牛堉锡, 王鑫悦, 李国明, 林祥, 王瑞, 王东. 控释尿素和普通尿素混合基施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(11): 2042-2058., articleTitle=控释尿素和普通尿素混合基施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用和产量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465465736172504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=11, pageStart=2042, pageEnd=2058, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=50, authorNames=HAN R F, NIU Y X, WANG X Y, LI G M, LIN X, WANG R, WANG D, journalName=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN R F, NIU Y X, WANG X Y, LI G M, LIN X, WANG R, WANG D. Effect of mixed basal application of controlled release urea and common urea on the nitrogen uptake, utilization and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(11): 2042-2058. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of mixed basal application of controlled release urea and common urea on the nitrogen uptake, utilization and yield of winter wheat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465465937499097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=2610, pageEnd=2615, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=杨丽萍, 黎小清, 杨春霞, 李春丽, journalName=西南农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨丽萍, 黎小清, 杨春霞, 李春丽. 云南省不同营养类型橡胶树专用肥施用效果研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2015, 28(6): 2610-2615., articleTitle=云南省不同营养类型橡胶树专用肥施用效果研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465465996219354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=2610, pageEnd=2615, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=52, authorNames=YANG L P, LI X Q, YANG C X, LI C L, journalName=Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG L P, LI X Q, YANG C X, LI C L. Effects of specialty fertilizer on different rubber types in Yunnan province[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 28(6): 2610-2615. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of specialty fertilizer on different rubber types in Yunnan province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465466063328219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=53, authorNames=安锋, 谢贵水, 蒋菊生, 林位夫, 谢贻发, 潘育文, 邓建明, 何健, 盛堆, 谭四明, 尹仲明, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=安锋, 谢贵水, 蒋菊生, 林位夫, 谢贻发, 潘育文, 邓建明, 何健, 盛堆, 谭四明, 尹仲明. 刺激割制下橡胶园养分状况及其与产量的关系[J]. 热带作物学报, 2005(3): 1-6., articleTitle=刺激割制下橡胶园养分状况及其与产量的关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465466147214300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=AN F, XIE G S, JIANG J S, LIN W F, XIE Y F, PAN Y W, DENG J M, HE J, SHENG D, TAN S M, YIN Z M, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AN F, XIE G S, JIANG J S, LIN W F, XIE Y F, PAN Y W, DENG J M, HE J, SHENG D, TAN S M, YIN Z M. Nutrient conditions of rubber plantations and their relationship with latex yield under stimulated tapping system in Xishuangbanna[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2005(3): 1-6.(in Chinese), articleTitle=Nutrient conditions of rubber plantations and their relationship with latex yield under stimulated tapping system in Xishuangbanna, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465466243683293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=5, pageStart=519, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=55, authorNames=冀春花, 黄艳艳, 杨红竹, 赵家连, 茶正早, journalName=热带生物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冀春花, 黄艳艳, 杨红竹, 赵家连, 茶正早. 不同施肥处理下橡胶苗对土壤养分吸收和分配的化学计量特征[J]. 热带生物学报, 2022, 13(5): 519-523., articleTitle=不同施肥处理下橡胶苗对土壤养分吸收和分配的化学计量特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465466327569375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=5, pageStart=519, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=56, authorNames=JI C H, HUANG Y Y, YANG H Z, ZHAO J L, CHA Z Z, journalName=Journal of Tropical Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI C H, HUANG Y Y, YANG H Z, ZHAO J L, CHA Z Z. Stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient absorption and distribution in young rubber plants under fertilizer treatment[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2022, 13(5): 519-523. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient absorption and distribution in young rubber plants under fertilizer treatment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276465460581372834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, awardId=2022YFD2301201, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465460648481699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, awardId=CARS-33-ZP2, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-ZP2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465460711396260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, awardId=1630022022002, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276465448497582940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465448501777245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, companyId=1276465448497582940, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Soil and Fertilizer Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465448514360158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, companyId=1276465448497582940, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465448564691807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465448573080416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, companyId=1276465448564691807, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465448581469025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, companyId=1276465448564691807, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276465459205641112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Physiological parameters of rubber latex between different fertilization treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=F55BKo0Wl936oI4UqJGw6g==, figureFileBig=CwIIzV35b6owcOV/RFgYYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465459289527193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同施肥处理对胶乳生理参数的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=F55BKo0Wl936oI4UqJGw6g==, figureFileBig=CwIIzV35b6owcOV/RFgYYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465459658625946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dry rubber yield of rubber tree between different fertilization treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=eVXxynxE25c2te+QG3eHeA==, figureFileBig=K9Q4To3CIoxYIlNMlMd16g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465459742512027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同施肥处理对橡胶树产量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=eVXxynxE25c2te+QG3eHeA==, figureFileBig=K9Q4To3CIoxYIlNMlMd16g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465459801232284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen content in fertilization hole of rubber plantation between different fertilization treatments

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=aGUiZTJ9DfFt1zg2VpkBew==, figureFileBig=RxT5QJdjPDHFzmPntzijDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465460019336093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同施肥处理对胶园肥穴土壤全氮和碱解氮含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=aGUiZTJ9DfFt1zg2VpkBew==, figureFileBig=RxT5QJdjPDHFzmPntzijDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465460099027870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effect of combined application of common urea and controlled-release urea on leaf nutrient content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year处理Treatment养分含量Nutrient content/%
NPKCaMg
2021CK3.13±0.05b0.24±0.00a1.10±0.10a1.15±0.08a0.27±0.02a
C253.46±0.38ab0.24±0.01a1.19±0.08a1.00±0.14a0.29±0.03a
C503.73±0.08a0.23±0.04a1.13±0.22a0.95±0.09a0.27±0.01a
C753.73±0.26a0.24±0.02a1.26±0.20a0.94±0.13a0.29±0.01a
2022CK2.93±0.06b0.21±0.01ab1.15±0.09a0.81±0.10a0.19±0.02a
C253.26±0.08ab0.22±0.01a1.17±0.06a0.66±0.04a0.19±0.01a
C503.23±0.07ab0.19±0.01b1.07±0.01a0.63±0.07a0.17±0.01a
C753.56±0.17a0.21±0.01ab1.18±0.06a0.64±0.05a0.18±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276465460178719647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片养分含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year处理Treatment养分含量Nutrient content/%
NPKCaMg
2021CK3.13±0.05b0.24±0.00a1.10±0.10a1.15±0.08a0.27±0.02a
C253.46±0.38ab0.24±0.01a1.19±0.08a1.00±0.14a0.29±0.03a
C503.73±0.08a0.23±0.04a1.13±0.22a0.95±0.09a0.27±0.01a
C753.73±0.26a0.24±0.02a1.26±0.20a0.94±0.13a0.29±0.01a
2022CK2.93±0.06b0.21±0.01ab1.15±0.09a0.81±0.10a0.19±0.02a
C253.26±0.08ab0.22±0.01a1.17±0.06a0.66±0.04a0.19±0.01a
C503.23±0.07ab0.19±0.01b1.07±0.01a0.63±0.07a0.17±0.01a
C753.56±0.17a0.21±0.01ab1.18±0.06a0.64±0.05a0.18±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276465460245828512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effect of combined application of common urea and controlled-release urea on latex nutrient content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year处理Treatment养分含量Nutrient content
N/%P/%K/%Mg/%Ca/(mg·kg-1Fe/(mg·kg-1Mn/(mg·kg-1Zn/(mg·kg-1Cu/(mg·kg-1
2021CK0.49±0.14a0.17±0.08a0.32±0.12b0.05±0.03a36.71±7.11a19.00±2.10a5.75±0.15a6.31±0.94a2.07±1.31a
C250.62±0.02a0.23±0.02a0.45±0.01a0.08±0.01a36.59±5.14a21.58±5.26a4.27±1.15b6.90±0.20a3.53±1.13a
C500.50±0.05a0.18±0.05a0.36±0.03ab0.06±0.01a35.42±3.23a18.35±2.79a4.60±0.59ab7.13±1.04a2.15±1.05a
C750.57±0.04a0.22±0.06a0.39±0.04ab0.09±0.01a33.79±0.91a21.41±1.91a4.54±0.53ab7.26±0.75a2.63±0.44a
2022CK0.58±0.05a0.08±0.01a0.37±0.08a0.05±0.02a7.80±4.75a19.23±4.81a9.93±0.52a4.75±0.26a3.17±0.38a
C250.64±0.01a0.09±0.01a0.40±0.01a0.07±0.01a12.52±6.70a19.62±2.28a9.68±2.28a4.56±0.63a3.04±0.55a
C500.60±0.04a0.08±0.02a0.37±0.05a0.05±0.02a8.38±2.17a16.78±1.14a9.59±0.72a5.08±1.82a3.37±0.03a
C750.61±0.03a0.09±0.01a0.39±0.04a0.06±0.02a8.78±2.38a16.87±0.85a9.09±0.53a7.09±2.80a3.36±0.92a
), ArticleFig(id=1276465460430377889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175518328287232, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树胶乳养分含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year处理Treatment养分含量Nutrient content
N/%P/%K/%Mg/%Ca/(mg·kg-1Fe/(mg·kg-1Mn/(mg·kg-1Zn/(mg·kg-1Cu/(mg·kg-1
2021CK0.49±0.14a0.17±0.08a0.32±0.12b0.05±0.03a36.71±7.11a19.00±2.10a5.75±0.15a6.31±0.94a2.07±1.31a
C250.62±0.02a0.23±0.02a0.45±0.01a0.08±0.01a36.59±5.14a21.58±5.26a4.27±1.15b6.90±0.20a3.53±1.13a
C500.50±0.05a0.18±0.05a0.36±0.03ab0.06±0.01a35.42±3.23a18.35±2.79a4.60±0.59ab7.13±1.04a2.15±1.05a
C750.57±0.04a0.22±0.06a0.39±0.04ab0.09±0.01a33.79±0.91a21.41±1.91a4.54±0.53ab7.26±0.75a2.63±0.44a
2022CK0.58±0.05a0.08±0.01a0.37±0.08a0.05±0.02a7.80±4.75a19.23±4.81a9.93±0.52a4.75±0.26a3.17±0.38a
C250.64±0.01a0.09±0.01a0.40±0.01a0.07±0.01a12.52±6.70a19.62±2.28a9.68±2.28a4.56±0.63a3.04±0.55a
C500.60±0.04a0.08±0.02a0.37±0.05a0.05±0.02a8.38±2.17a16.78±1.14a9.59±0.72a5.08±1.82a3.37±0.03a
C750.61±0.03a0.09±0.01a0.39±0.04a0.06±0.02a8.78±2.38a16.87±0.85a9.09±0.53a7.09±2.80a3.36±0.92a
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控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片和胶乳养分及产量的影响
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杨红竹 1, 2 , 黄艳艳 1, 2 , 冀春花 1, 2 , 刘海林 1, 2, * , 林清火 1, 2 , 茶正早 1, 2 , 罗微 1, 2
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(9): 1868-1876
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (9) : 1868 -1876
控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片和胶乳养分及产量的影响
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杨红竹1, 2, 黄艳艳1, 2, 冀春花1, 2, 刘海林1, 2, * , 林清火1, 2, 茶正早1, 2, 罗微1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 刘海林(LIU Hailin),E-mail:
Effect of Combined Application of Controlled-release Urea and Common Urea on Leaf Nutrient, Latex Nutrient, and Yield in Rubber Tree
Hongzhu YANG1, 2, Yanyan HUANG1, 2, Chunhua JI1, 2, Hailin LIU1, 2, * , Qinghuo LIN1, 2, Zhengzao CHA1, 2, Wei LUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Soil and Fertilizer Research Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.011
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为了明确控释尿素与普通尿素配施在橡胶树上的应用效果,通过2年田间试验,研究了减氮条件下控释尿素与普通尿素不同比例配施对橡胶树产量、叶片和胶乳矿质养分及土壤氮含量的影响,为橡胶树栽培管理中合理施氮提供技术支撑。结果表明:控释尿素与普通尿素配施可提高橡胶树干胶产量和叶片氮含量,与常规施肥相比,橡胶树干胶产量增幅为16.28%~39.13%(2021年)和7.94%~9.69%(2022年),叶片氮含量增幅为10.54%~19.17%(2021年)和10.24%~21.50%(2022年),控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理叶片氮含量均处于正常值以上。控释尿素与普通尿素配施还能够增加胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量,较常规施肥增加了11.27%~80.36%。控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50时,橡胶树干胶产量(2022年)、叶片氮含量(2021—2022年)和土壤碱解氮含量(2021—2022年)均显著高于常规施肥。综上所述,在本试验条件下,控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50能够获得较高的干胶产量,可改善叶片营养状况,维持土壤氮水平,有利于实现橡胶树施肥管理的绿色协同增效。

橡胶树  /  控释尿素  /  普通尿素  /  产量  /  叶片养分

In order to clarify the application effect of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on rubber trees, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different proportions of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on the yield, leaf and latex mineral nutrients and soil nitrogen content of rubber trees under the condition of nitrogen reduction, and to provide a reference base for reasonable nitrogen application in the cultivation of rubber trees. The results showed that the combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea increased the dry rubber yield and the nitrogen content of leaves. Compared with conventional fertilization, the dry rubber yield increased by 16.28%-39.13% (2021) and 7.94%-9.69% (2022), nitrogen content in leaves increased by 10.54%-19.17% (2021) and 10.24%-21.50% (2022), and the leaf nitrogen content of the combined application of controlled-release urea combined and common urea was above normal value. Combined application of controlled-release urea and common urea also increased the soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen content in the fertilization hole of rubber plantation by 11.27%-80.36% compared with conventional fertilization. When the ratio of controlled release urea and common urea was 50:50, the dry rubber yield (2022), leaf nitrogen content (2021—2022) and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content (2021—2022) were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization. Overall, under the conditions of this experiment, the combination of controlled-release urea and common urea at a ratio of 50∶50 could obtain a higher dry rubber yield, improve the nutritional status of leaves, maintain soil nitrogen level, and help to achieve green and efficient fertilizer management of rubber trees.

rubber tree  /  controlled-release urea  /  common urea  /  yield  /  leaf nutrient
杨红竹, 黄艳艳, 冀春花, 刘海林, 林清火, 茶正早, 罗微. 控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树叶片和胶乳养分及产量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1868 -1876 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.011
Hongzhu YANG, Yanyan HUANG, Chunhua JI, Hailin LIU, Qinghuo LIN, Zhengzao CHA, Wei LUO. Effect of Combined Application of Controlled-release Urea and Common Urea on Leaf Nutrient, Latex Nutrient, and Yield in Rubber Tree[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1868 -1876 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.011
天然橡胶是重要的战略物资和工业原料,也是我国热区农业的重要支柱产业之一[1]。天然橡胶主要来源于巴西橡胶树,开割后的橡胶树养分消耗量大,而施肥可为橡胶树产胶和生长提供必要的养分,是橡胶树栽培中一项重要的管理措施[2-4]。有研究表明,施肥可以促进橡胶树生长,增加橡胶树胶乳产量[5-7],有利于维持橡胶树生产的可持续性。然而,橡胶树栽培区域高温多雨、土壤保肥能力较差,加之橡胶树栽培中化肥不合理施用,导致肥料利用效率低,易造成资源浪费和环境污染[8-10]
缓/控释肥料可控制肥料养分缓慢释放,定期供给养分,具有提高养分利用率,减少养分流失,减轻施肥对环境造成污染等优点[11-13],施用缓/控释肥料被认为是协调作物营养需求与肥料养分供应的高效施肥技术之一[14],也是实现我国化肥减量增效的重要措施[15]。缓/控释肥料已成为我国新型肥料发展的主导方向,在水稻、玉米和小麦等大田作物上进行大面积应用[16-17]。刘兆辉等[18]研究发现,一次性基施缓/控释肥料可使水稻、玉米和小麦三大粮食作物产量提高3.1%~31.7%,氮肥利用率提高6.2%~86.6%。有研究也表明,施用缓/控释肥料能够促进橡胶苗生长和养分吸收[19-21]。曲均峰[22]研究发现,脲醛缓释肥料与普通尿素掺混施用可提高橡胶树胶乳产量,节省劳动力。然而,缓/控释肥料在开割橡胶树上应用相对较少,且前人研究仅关注橡胶树胶乳产量。为此,本研究将以包膜控释尿素与普通尿素为研究材料,通过2年大田试验,研究减氮条件下控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树产量、叶片和胶乳矿质养分及土壤氮含量的影响,为橡胶树栽培管理中合理施氮和减氮增效提供参考依据。
试验于2021—2022年在海南天然橡胶产业集团股份有限公司邦溪分公司芙蓉田派驻组三队进行。供试橡胶树品种为PR107,2004年定植,按S/2 d6 0.5% ET(12 d)割制(1/2树围、每6 d割1刀,每12 d涂施1次0.5%乙烯利)进行割胶。供试肥料为包膜控释尿素(氮含量43%,肥效期3个月)、普通尿素(氮含量46%)、氯化钾(K2O 60%)、磷酸二铵(N 18%、P2O5 46%)以及颗粒填充料。土壤理化性质为:全氮0.84 g/kg,有效磷4.85 mg/kg,速效钾66.38 mg/kg,有机质12.38 g/kg,pH 5.04。
试验设置4个施肥处理:(1)CK(常规施肥);(2)C25(控释尿素与普通尿素配施,比例为25∶75;(3)C50(控释尿素与普通尿素配施,比例为50∶50);(4)C75(控释尿素与普通尿素配施,比例为75∶25)。CK处理的橡胶树施肥量为每株橡胶树施用376 g N、131 g P2O5、142 g K2O,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理均较CK处理减氮20%,每个处理3个树位,每个树位为1个重复。各处理试验所需肥料按照施肥量,以包膜控释尿素、普通尿素、氯化钾、磷酸二铵以及填充料为原料进行掺混。控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理分2次施用,施肥时期分别为4月(236.8 g N、56 g P2O5、72 g K2O)和9月(64 g N、75 g P2O5、70 g K2O);CK处理按照前期(148 g N、28 g P2O5、36 g K2O)、中期(148 g N、28 g P2O5、36 g K2O)和后期(80 g N、75 g P2O5、70 g K2O)分3次施肥(4、6、9月),施肥时在位于2株橡胶树之间萌生带的肥穴内开沟,施入肥料后覆土[23]
(1)橡胶树叶片样品采集与测定。根据橡胶树叶片营养诊断技术规程GB/T 2957—2013,在每年8月采集橡胶树叶片样品,采用“S”型采样路线,每个树位选择20株橡胶树作为采样树,分别在每株树两侧采集冠层主侧枝上稳定老化顶蓬叶2蓬,在每蓬叶上取其基部上的2片复叶,并将每片复叶两旁的小叶去掉,留中间的一片叶作为样品。叶片样品洗净后在105 ℃下杀青30 min,于75 ℃下烘干至恒重,粉碎保存,测定叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量。
(2)胶乳养分和生理指标测定。在每年常规施肥处理第2次施肥后45 d[24],每个小区选择30株橡胶树作为采样树,收集流出的胶乳,将同一小区胶树的胶乳混合为一个样品,冰浴并带回实验室,一部分胶乳样品用于测定胶乳硫醇、蔗糖、无机磷和总固形物含量,一部分胶乳样品加入玻璃培养皿中,在80 ℃下烘干至恒重,用于测定胶乳中总氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锰、铜、铁、锌含量。胶乳中的硫醇、蔗糖、无机磷和总固形物含量分别采用DTNB试剂法、蒽酮比色法、钼酸铵比色法和烘干法进行测定[25];胶乳总氮采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮,SEAL AA3连续流动分析仪测定,胶乳磷、钾含量分别采用钼锑抗比色法和火焰光度计法测定,胶乳钙、镁含量采用原子吸收分光光度法测定,胶乳锰、铜、铁、锌含量采用ICP-MS测定。
(3)土壤样品采集与测定。在每年常规施肥处理第2次施肥后45 d,采集肥穴施肥位置土壤样品。土壤采样深度为0~20 cm,采用“S”型采样路线,每个树位选择10个肥穴采集土壤样品。采集土壤带回实验室后,风干保存,采用凯氏定氮法测定土壤全氮含量,采用碱解扩散法测定土壤碱解氮含量。
(4)干胶产量测定。试验期间记录每个树位全年总干胶产量,将每年度每个树位全年干胶产量除以开割树株数,即为各施肥处理的橡胶树单株干胶产量。
采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件进行数据统计和整理,利用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,利用Microsoft Excel 2016和OriginPro 8.0软件作图。
表1可知,与CK处理相比,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理可改善橡胶树叶片营养状况,提高橡胶树叶片氮含量。2021年,C25、C50、C75处理橡胶树叶片氮含量分别较CK处理增加10.54%、19.17%、19.17%,其中C50和C75处理显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),而控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理间差异不显著。2022年,C25、C50、C75处理橡胶树叶片氮含量分别较CK施肥处理增加11.26%、10.24%、21.50%,其中C75处理显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),但C75处理与C25、C50处理间差异不显著。另外,与CK处理相比,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理对橡胶树叶片磷、钾、钙和镁含量均无显著影响。
表2可知,2021—2022年,各施肥处理胶乳氮含量介于0.49%~0.64%之间;与CK处理相比,2021—2022年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理的胶乳氮含量均有所增加,但处理间均无显著差异。2021—2022年,各施肥处理胶乳磷含量和镁含量也表现出类似规律。2021年,C25、C50、C75处理胶乳钾含量均高于CK处理,其中C25处理显著大于CK处理(P<0.05),而控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理间差异不显著;2022年各施肥处理胶乳钾含量无显著差异。2021—2022年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施对橡胶树胶乳钙、铁、锌和铜含量均无显著影响。2021年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理降低了橡胶树胶乳锰含量,其中C25处理显著小于CK处理(P<0.05),而控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理间差异不显著;2022年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理也降低了胶乳锰含量,但均与CK处理差异不显著。
图1可以看出,2021年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理均在一定程度上增加了胶乳硫醇和无机磷含量,但各施肥处理间差异不显著;与CK处理相比,C25处理对胶乳总固形物含量无显著影响,但显著增加了胶乳蔗糖含量(P<0.05),蔗糖含量提高了46.75%。2022年,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理对胶乳总固形物含量、硫醇含量、蔗糖含量以及无机磷含量均未产生影响,各施肥处理间的胶乳生理参数均无显著差异。
图2可以看出,2021年各施肥处理橡胶树干胶产量介于3.05~4.24 kg/株之间,2022年干胶产量为2.56~2.81 kg/株。与CK处理相比,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理(C25、C50、C75)均在不同程度上提高了橡胶树干胶产量。2021年,C25、C50、C75处理橡胶树单株干胶产量分别较CK处理增加了39.13%、16.28%、19.02%,但各施肥处理间无显著差异。2022年,C25、C50、C75处理橡胶树单株干胶产量分别较CK处理增加8.07%、9.69%、7.94%,其中C50处理干胶产量显著高于CK处理(P<0.05);C50处理干胶产量较C25、C75处理提高了1.50%和1.62%,但处理间无显著差异。C25、C75处理与CK处理间也无显著差异。
图3可知,控释尿素与普通尿素配施未能增加胶园肥穴土壤全氮含量,2021—2022年各施肥处理胶园肥穴土壤全氮含量均无显著差异。然而,与CK处理相比,控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理能够增加胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量。2021年,C25、C50、C75处理土壤碱解氮含量分别较CK处理提高了27.52%、80.36%、11.27%,其中C50处理土壤碱解氮含量达到187.70 mg/kg,显著大于CK处理和C75处理(P<0.05),但与C25处理差异不显著。2022年,随着控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例增加,胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量逐渐增加,C25、C50、C75处理土壤碱解氮含量介于141.68~173.86 mg/kg之间,分别较CK处理提高了18.05%、42.52%、44.86%,其中C50、C75处理显著大于CK处理(P<0.05),而控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理间无显著差异。
氮素是橡胶树维持正常生长的主要营养元素,合理施用氮肥对于橡胶树高产稳产具有重要作用[26-27]。控释氮肥是一种环境友好型肥料,可延缓养分释放,减少氮素损失,提高作物产量,已被广泛应用于农业生产中[28]。施用控释氮肥被认为是作物氮肥高效管理策略之一,尤其是控释氮肥与普通尿素配合施用不仅可以降低生产成本,还能够避免因控释氮肥前期养分释放缓慢而无法满足作物需求[29]。高雪健等[30]研究表明,控释尿素与普通尿素配施可显著提高糯玉米产量,促进氮素吸收利用。韩锐锋等[31]研究发现,控释尿素与普通尿素混合基施能够显著提高冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率。本研究2年试验结果也表明,与常规施肥处理相比,控释尿素与普通尿素配施可以提高橡胶树干胶产量,2年干胶增产率为7.94%~39.13%,其中2022年C50处理(控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50)橡胶树干胶产量显著高于CK处理。曲均峰[22]综合考虑橡胶树胶乳产量和肥料成本,认为60%脲醛缓释肥与40%普通尿素配施效果最好,该配施比例也与本研究结果接近。
橡胶树叶片营养元素含量是衡量橡胶树营养状况的关键指标,与橡胶树生产能力密切相关[32]。安锋等[33]研究表明,橡胶树产量与橡胶树叶片氮含量呈正相关。本研究结果表明,控释尿素与普通尿素配施可改善橡胶树叶片营养状况,提高橡胶树叶片氮含量,叶片氮含量较CK处理提高了10.24%~21.50%,而且2021年C50处理和C75处理(控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为75∶25)的叶片氮含量显著高于CK处理,但是控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理间无显著差异。控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理的橡胶树叶片氮含量介于3.23%~3.73%之间,达到或超过了橡胶树叶片营养诊断技术规程GB/T 2957—2013规定的海南省主要品种橡胶树叶片氮含量正常值(3.2%~3.4%),而2021—2022年常规施肥处理橡胶树叶片氮含量分别为3.13%和2.93%,叶片氮含量处于缺乏状态。表明控释尿素与普通尿素配施能够减少氮素损失,保证土壤氮素缓慢供应,有利于橡胶树吸收氮素,从而增加叶片氮含量,这可能是控释尿素与普通尿素配施能够提高橡胶树产量的主要原因之一。前人研究也发现,随着施肥量增加,土壤氮素供应增强,有利于橡胶树叶片氮素累积[34]。另外,2年田间试验中控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理胶乳中部分矿质养分含量也略高于CK处理,但无显著差异,可能是由于橡胶树是多年生高大乔木,树体储藏了较多的营养,控释尿素与普通尿素配施虽然可以促进橡胶树氮素吸收,然而根系吸收的矿质养分向胶乳转移过程存在滞后[4],且本研究仅是参照文献方法[24]采集了施肥后1次胶乳样品,而胶乳生理参数和矿质养分含量容易受物候、气候和割胶技术等影响,可能存在一个动态调整变化过程,在后期试验中还有待采集全年胶乳样品进一步测定评估。
橡胶树种植在高温、高湿和强降雨的热带地区,土壤保肥能力较差,养分易淋失,合理施用氮肥对于减少胶园氮素损失,补充土壤氮库和提高土壤肥力极为重要[27]。而胶园土壤养分含量与橡胶树产量呈正相关[33]。本研究结果表明,控释尿素与普通尿素配施能够增加胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量,2021—2022年土壤碱解氮含量增加了11.27%~80.36%,其中C50处理在2021—2022年均显著高于CK处理,2021年和2022年分别提高了80.36%和42.52%。这主要是由于控释尿素的氮素缓慢释放,减少氮素损失,不断补充土壤氮库,从而能够维持土壤氮水平。前人研究也表明,与施用普通氮肥相比,施用控释氮肥可增加表层土壤速效氮含量[31]。这也说明控释尿素与普通尿素配施可以通过缓慢释放氮素,维持土壤氮水平,促进橡胶树氮素吸收,从而发挥橡胶树生产能力,提高橡胶树产量。
在减氮条件下控释尿素与普通尿素配施可改善橡胶树营养状况,增加橡胶树叶片氮含量和胶园肥穴土壤碱解氮含量,提高橡胶树干胶产量。在热带地区橡胶树实际生产中,综合考虑橡胶树产量、叶片营养、土壤氮水平和肥料成本,控释尿素与普通尿素配施比例为50∶50时效果最好,可实现绿色节本协同增效。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-ZP2)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.011
  • 接收时间:2024-01-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12
  • 修回日期:2024-03-05
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-33-ZP2)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/中国热带农业科学院土壤肥料研究中心/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737

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* 刘海林(LIU Hailin),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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