Article(id=1276262826545115498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677600000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-01, revisedDate=1684512000000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782214369664, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782214369664, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782214369664, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782214369664, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276262756814815737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1724515200000', pubDateStr='2024-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782214353040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782214460949, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1659, endPage=1669, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276262828558381420, articleId=1276262826545115498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Mutation Improvement of Four Biocontrol Strains and the Inhibition Mechanism Against Banana Fusarium Wilt, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Banana is an important economic crop in the subtropical region of China. The occurrence of banana Fusarium wilt has seriously hindered the development of banana industry in recent years. Biological control has attracted attention because of its green environmental protection and durable disease resistance. It’s very important to get the efficient biocontrol strains with different inhibition mechanisms on banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, four different types of biocontrol strains against banana Fusarium wilt which were obtained in the laboratory in the early stage were mutated by ultraviolet-nitrite compound mutagenesis, with the highest antimicrobial activity increased by 186.24% and the highest control effect increased by 46.54%. The disease prevention mechanism of the four mutants obtained was preliminarily investigated. The results showed that the strain Ba62v had the highest inhibition rate on the colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), and could also induce the activity of SOD enzyme in banana seedlings. The strain Blz02v could promote the growth of banana seedlings and induce the activities of POD and SOD of banana seedlings. The strain Bc11v had the highest inhibition rate on the spore germination of Foc, and could induce the activities of PPO, CAT and SOD in banana seedlings. The strain Pt05v had the highest inhibition rate on the sporulation of Foc, and could induce the activities of POD, PPO and SOD in banana seedlings. The main action mechanisms of the four biocontrol mutants on Foc and hosts are different, and there is a potential for biocontrol of compound synergism, which would provide an important strain resource for the development and utilization of the disease-resistant compound fungicides in the future, and has a good application prospect.

, authors=null, authorsList=Di YANG, Chanjuan DU, Jin ZHANG, Lianfu PAN, Shangbo JIANG, Chunyu LI, Guoxian DENG, Gang FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Gang FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276262830512927100, articleId=1276262826545115498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=香蕉枯萎病4株生防菌株的诱变改良及抑菌机制初探, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

香蕉是我国亚热带地区重要的经济作物之一,而香蕉枯萎病的发生严重阻碍了香蕉产业的发展。生物防治技术因其绿色环保、持久抗病等特点,已成为近年来香蕉枯萎病防治的研究热点之一。防病高效、作用机制多样的生防菌株是香蕉枯萎病生物防治的重要基础。本研究通过对已获得的4株不同种类的生防菌进行紫外-亚硝酸钠复合诱变,得到了具有良好防效的诱变菌株,抑菌活性最高提升186.24%,防治效果最高提升46.54%。对得到的4株诱变株的防病机制进行了初步探究,结果表明:菌株Ba62v对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌落生长抑制率最高,同时还可以诱导香蕉苗中SOD活性;菌株Blz02v对香蕉苗具有较好的促生作用,同时可以诱导香蕉苗的POD和SOD活性;菌株Bc11v对病菌的孢子萌发抑制率最高,同时可诱导香蕉苗的PPO、CAT和SOD活性;菌株Pt05v对病菌的产孢抑制率最高,同时可诱导香蕉苗的POD、PPO和SOD活性。4株生防菌诱变株对病原菌和寄主的主要作用机制各不相同,存在复配增效的生防潜力,为今后抗病复合菌剂的开发利用提供了重要的菌株资源,具有良好的应用前景。

, authors=

杨迪(1994—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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* 付岗(FU Gang),E-mail:
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杨迪(1994—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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杨迪(1994—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病害生物防治。

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Scientia Horticulturae, 2013, 164: 484-491., articleTitle=Methyl jasmonate induced defense responses increase resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 in banana, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269307487191405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=42, authorNames=WONG C K F, TEH C Y, VADAMALAI G, SAIDI N B, ZULPERI D, journalName=Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WONG C K F, TEH C Y, VADAMALAI G, SAIDI N B, ZULPERI D. Development of detached root and leaf assays to evaluate the antagonistic properties of biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt of banana[J]. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2020(4): 1-17., articleTitle=Development of detached root and leaf assays to evaluate the antagonistic properties of biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt of banana, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269309127164270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=3, issue=2, pageStart=72, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=43, authorNames=SARAVANAN T, BHASKARAN R, MUTHUSAMY M, journalName=Plant Pathology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SARAVANAN T, BHASKARAN R, MUTHUSAMY M. Pseudomonas fluorescens induced enzymological changes in banana roots (cv. Rasthali) against Fusarium wilt disease[J]. Plant Pathology Journal, 2004, 3(2): 72-80., articleTitle=Pseudomonas fluorescens induced enzymological changes in banana roots (cv. 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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=3nGvs3/HdPf2T1EgFOAgSw==, figureFileBig=b0SUAqvynMkgvUe0vkqoKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269299933249843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图1, caption=紫外照射时长对4株生防菌株致死率的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=3nGvs3/HdPf2T1EgFOAgSw==, figureFileBig=b0SUAqvynMkgvUe0vkqoKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269300306542900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of NaNO2 concentrations on fatality rates of four antagonistic strains

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=qTnewCkqg6HEC6QPiYBdTQ==, figureFileBig=wp85Zuivz7PD4+4shpbocA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269300361068853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NaNO2浓度对4株生防菌株致死率的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=qTnewCkqg6HEC6QPiYBdTQ==, figureFileBig=wp85Zuivz7PD4+4shpbocA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269300675641654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Inhibition effect of biocontrol strains against Foc1402, figureFileSmall=bUkvVZTd/tw0sF62zWgLKw==, figureFileBig=EevNh+Y82I85SIx9WqhvkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269300763722039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图3, caption=生防菌株对Foc1402的抑菌效果

A: Ba62v; B: Ba62; C: Blz02v; D: Blz02; E: Bc11v; F: Bc11; G: Pt05v; H: Pt05.

, figureFileSmall=bUkvVZTd/tw0sF62zWgLKw==, figureFileBig=EevNh+Y82I85SIx9WqhvkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269300847608120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Antifungal activities and control efficacies of biocontrol strains against Foc

A: Antifungal activity; B: Control efficacy; Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=GmuFJfauHZXhhB2+0P+SiA==, figureFileBig=Yb8TZg4Ju5TcpBHy8zBxsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301078294841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图4, caption=生防菌株对Foc的抑菌活性和盆栽防治效果

A:抑菌活性;B:防治效果;不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=GmuFJfauHZXhhB2+0P+SiA==, figureFileBig=Yb8TZg4Ju5TcpBHy8zBxsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301153792314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effect of culture filtrates of mutant biocontrol strains on growth of Foc

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=FxRK86COvl3hN/rbjeqBrg==, figureFileBig=SOleCsDaGOUiUwLoZSL6wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301212512571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图5, caption=诱变菌株无菌滤液对Foc生长的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FxRK86COvl3hN/rbjeqBrg==, figureFileBig=SOleCsDaGOUiUwLoZSL6wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301288010044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effect of mutant biocontrol strains on banana seedlings growth

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ErftLsxEYEAkZSfACEy9iA==, figureFileBig=56vf4H09AUV8zbK5h884qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301510308157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图6, caption=诱变菌株对香蕉生长量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ErftLsxEYEAkZSfACEy9iA==, figureFileBig=56vf4H09AUV8zbK5h884qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301581611326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of mutant biocontrol strains on the activities of defensive enzymes in banana leaves

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4qDvP4ghCuVTANgsFUGbPg==, figureFileBig=5553JqFRrvMTpAfB2yAvyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269301678080319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262826545115498, language=CN, label=图7, caption=接种诱变菌株对香蕉叶片中防御性酶活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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香蕉枯萎病4株生防菌株的诱变改良及抑菌机制初探
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杨迪 1 , 杜婵娟 1 , 张晋 1 , 潘连富 1 , 蒋尚伯 1 , 李春雨 2 , 邓国仙 1 , 付岗 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(8): 1659-1669
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (8) : 1659 -1669
香蕉枯萎病4株生防菌株的诱变改良及抑菌机制初探
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杨迪1, 杜婵娟1, 张晋1, 潘连富1, 蒋尚伯1, 李春雨2, 邓国仙1, 付岗1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 2.广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广东广州 510640
通讯作者:
* 付岗(FU Gang),E-mail:
Mutation Improvement of Four Biocontrol Strains and the Inhibition Mechanism Against Banana Fusarium Wilt
Di YANG1, Chanjuan DU1, Jin ZHANG1, Lianfu PAN1, Shangbo JIANG1, Chunyu LI2, Guoxian DENG1, Gang FU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • 2.Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.015
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香蕉是我国亚热带地区重要的经济作物之一,而香蕉枯萎病的发生严重阻碍了香蕉产业的发展。生物防治技术因其绿色环保、持久抗病等特点,已成为近年来香蕉枯萎病防治的研究热点之一。防病高效、作用机制多样的生防菌株是香蕉枯萎病生物防治的重要基础。本研究通过对已获得的4株不同种类的生防菌进行紫外-亚硝酸钠复合诱变,得到了具有良好防效的诱变菌株,抑菌活性最高提升186.24%,防治效果最高提升46.54%。对得到的4株诱变株的防病机制进行了初步探究,结果表明:菌株Ba62v对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌落生长抑制率最高,同时还可以诱导香蕉苗中SOD活性;菌株Blz02v对香蕉苗具有较好的促生作用,同时可以诱导香蕉苗的POD和SOD活性;菌株Bc11v对病菌的孢子萌发抑制率最高,同时可诱导香蕉苗的PPO、CAT和SOD活性;菌株Pt05v对病菌的产孢抑制率最高,同时可诱导香蕉苗的POD、PPO和SOD活性。4株生防菌诱变株对病原菌和寄主的主要作用机制各不相同,存在复配增效的生防潜力,为今后抗病复合菌剂的开发利用提供了重要的菌株资源,具有良好的应用前景。

香蕉枯萎病  /  生物防治  /  诱变改良  /  生防机制

Banana is an important economic crop in the subtropical region of China. The occurrence of banana Fusarium wilt has seriously hindered the development of banana industry in recent years. Biological control has attracted attention because of its green environmental protection and durable disease resistance. It’s very important to get the efficient biocontrol strains with different inhibition mechanisms on banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, four different types of biocontrol strains against banana Fusarium wilt which were obtained in the laboratory in the early stage were mutated by ultraviolet-nitrite compound mutagenesis, with the highest antimicrobial activity increased by 186.24% and the highest control effect increased by 46.54%. The disease prevention mechanism of the four mutants obtained was preliminarily investigated. The results showed that the strain Ba62v had the highest inhibition rate on the colony growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), and could also induce the activity of SOD enzyme in banana seedlings. The strain Blz02v could promote the growth of banana seedlings and induce the activities of POD and SOD of banana seedlings. The strain Bc11v had the highest inhibition rate on the spore germination of Foc, and could induce the activities of PPO, CAT and SOD in banana seedlings. The strain Pt05v had the highest inhibition rate on the sporulation of Foc, and could induce the activities of POD, PPO and SOD in banana seedlings. The main action mechanisms of the four biocontrol mutants on Foc and hosts are different, and there is a potential for biocontrol of compound synergism, which would provide an important strain resource for the development and utilization of the disease-resistant compound fungicides in the future, and has a good application prospect.

banana Fusarium wilt  /  biological control  /  mutation improvement  /  biocontrol mechanism
杨迪, 杜婵娟, 张晋, 潘连富, 蒋尚伯, 李春雨, 邓国仙, 付岗. 香蕉枯萎病4株生防菌株的诱变改良及抑菌机制初探. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1659 -1669 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.015
Di YANG, Chanjuan DU, Jin ZHANG, Lianfu PAN, Shangbo JIANG, Chunyu LI, Guoxian DENG, Gang FU. Mutation Improvement of Four Biocontrol Strains and the Inhibition Mechanism Against Banana Fusarium Wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1659 -1669 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.015
香蕉产业在世界水果产业中占据重要位置,也是我国南方地区种植业中的重要产业之一。然而香蕉枯萎病的发生与蔓延,严重制约着我国香蕉产业的发展。香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Foc)侵染引起的一种典型土传病害,常规化学药剂很难发挥持续控病的作用,土壤熏蒸、轮作等措施的防治效果也非常有限[1-3]。近年来,以生物防治为主的综合防控措施受到越来越多学者的关注。优良的抗病微生物可以在土壤中长期存活和繁殖,起到持续抑制病害的作用,且无毒无残留,可避免病菌产生抗性,有助于改善土壤微生态环境,丰富土壤微生物区系[4]。因此,选择对Foc有拮抗作用的微生物来防治香蕉枯萎病是一条值得探究的防控途径。
国内外关于香蕉枯萎病生防菌的研究已有许多报道。黄建凤等[5]在温室条件下测试了枯草芽孢杆菌H-2和解淀粉芽孢杆菌H-7对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果,防效分别为59.1%和53.0%。田丹丹等[6]在抗枯萎病香蕉品种桂蕉9号根部分离到一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌GKT04,在平板上对生理小种Foc4的抑制率为85.7%,盆栽条件下病情指数比对照降低49.23%。杨迪等[7]在香蕉根围土壤筛选到2株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Blz02和Blz67,对香蕉枯萎病的盆栽防效分别为63.33%和40.00%。NEL等[8]的研究表明,荧光假单胞菌WCS417在温室条件下可以显著抑制Foc,使香蕉枯萎病发病率降低87.4%。NAPITUPULU等[9]测定了10株哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)在平皿中对Foc的抑制作用,抑制率最高为44%。然而,大多数研究中使用的生防菌株均为筛选出的原始菌株,且多停留于离体或盆栽试验阶段,生防菌很难在田间达到较好防治效果。其原因主要在于生防菌剂在田间应用过程中往往受到多种生物及非生物因素的影响,从而导致作用机制单一的原始菌株在田间存活能力差、生防效能低,很难在自然环境中起到持久高效的防病作用[10-11]。因此,需进一步提高生防菌野生菌株的生防效能,才能使其在田间获得理想的防效。采用物理或化学的方法对生防菌株进行诱变改良,是提高其生防效能最简单有效的方法之一[12]。此外,有研究发现多种生防菌复配,有利于获得更加稳定的防治效果[13-15]。而构建生防复合菌剂除了需要防效优良的生防菌资源外,明确生防菌株的防病机制也对复配菌株的选择具有重要指导意义。
本研究采用紫外线-亚硝酸钠复合诱变的方法对4株不同种类的香蕉枯萎病生防菌进行诱变改良,并对其防病机制进行初步探究,以期为后续抗病复合菌剂的开发利用提供更好的菌株资源和理论依据。
PDA培养基:马铃薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,琼脂15 g,水1 L。
NA培养基:蛋白胨10 g,牛肉膏3 g,氯化钠5 g,琼脂15 g,水1 L,pH 7.0,以不加琼脂的培养基为NA液体培养基。
紫外灯管为飞利浦紫外线消毒杀菌灯管(型号TUV20W),亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)由广东省台山市化工厂生产,纯度为分析纯。
供试菌株:尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种菌株Foc1402、生防菌株Blz02(Bacillus velezensis)、Ba62(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、Bc11(Burkholderia cepacian)和Pt05(Paenibacillus terrae)由广西农业科学院植物保护研究所香蕉病害研究团队分离保存。
供试香蕉苗:长势一致的5叶龄威廉斯B6健康香蕉杯苗,购自南宁香洁农业科技有限公司。
将生防菌株转接于NA液体培养基中,28 ℃下120 r/min振荡培养,当发酵液在600 nm处吸光值为0.6时,用无菌水调整发酵液浓度至1×108 CFU/mL,作为生防菌发酵液备用。分别取15 mL生防菌发酵液于内置无菌磁力搅拌子灭菌培养皿中,使用磁力搅拌器持续搅拌。将已预热20 min的20 W功率紫外灯放置于培养皿上方50 cm处,打开平皿盖照射菌液,根据预试验中不同菌株对紫外线耐受程度调整照射时长。其中,菌株Ba62每隔25 s取样1次,菌株Blz02每隔10 s取样1次,菌株Bc11每隔15 s取样1次,菌株Pt05每隔2.5 min取样1次。以未经紫外照射的菌液为对照,每个处理重复3次。照射后的菌液在红光条件下经10倍梯度稀释后,每个梯度取100 μL涂布至NA平板上,28 ℃避光培养。24 h后,进行菌落计数,并计算致死率。分别选择致死率90%左右的照射时长为相应菌株的紫外诱变条件[16]。致死率=(每毫升对照活菌数–每毫升诱变后活菌数)/每毫升对照活菌数×100%。
分别取5 mL浓度为1×108 CFU/mL的生防菌发酵液,加入不同体积的无菌3 mol/L NaNO2溶液充分混匀,使NaNO2终浓度在10~350 mmol/L范围内递增。反应30 min后,加入1.4 mmol/L的Na2HPO4溶液(pH 8.6)1.2 mL终止反应。以未经NaNO2处理的生防菌发酵液为对照,每个处理重复3次。处理后的菌液经10倍浓度梯度稀释后,每个梯度取100 μL涂布至NA平板上,28 ℃培养。24 h后,对平皿上菌落进行计数,参照1.2.1方法计算致死率。选择致死率90%左右的NaNO2终浓度为相应菌株的NaNO2诱变条件。
将生防菌发酵液先后以紫外诱变和NaNO2诱变的最适条件进行诱变。对诱变后的菌液进行10倍浓度梯度稀释,每个浓度取100 μL涂布至NA平板,28 ℃培养24 h,将平板上长出的所有单菌落作为诱变菌株保存备用。
将病菌Foc1402在PDA试管斜面上28 ℃培养10 d后,加入无菌水轻轻震荡,制备病原菌分生孢子悬浮液,并调整孢子浓度为1×106个/mL,备用。参照1.2.1方法制备生防菌原始菌株和诱变菌株发酵液,采用直径为7 mm的牛津杯测定诱变菌株对菌株Foc1402的抑菌活性,筛选对病原菌抑菌活性较强的正突变菌株[7]。以无菌水为对照,每个处理重复3次,28 ℃培养3 d。用游标卡尺测量抑菌圈直径(d),计算诱变菌株的抑菌活性提高率。选取对Foc抑菌活性最强的菌株进行下一步试验。抑菌活性提高率=(d诱变菌株d原始菌株)/(d原始菌株–7)×100%。
分别制备生防菌原始菌株和诱变菌株发酵液。将长势一致的5叶龄香蕉苗移栽至以蛭石为基质的塑料盆内,室温定植10 d后,用小刀沿香蕉根围进行伤根处理。每株蕉苗接种40 mL孢子浓度为1×106个/mL的病原菌分生孢子悬浮液,同时淋入100 mL浓度为1×108 CFU/mL的生防菌发酵液,7 d后再次淋入等量相同浓度的生防菌发酵液,以无菌培养基为对照。每个处理重复3次,每个重复12株蕉苗。接种21 d后,调查发病情况,依据蕉苗球茎纵剖面褐变面积占比确定病级:0级为球茎无褐变;1级为球茎褐变面积≤25%;3级为25%<球茎褐变面积≤50%;5级为50%<球茎褐变面积≤75%;7级为球茎褐变面积>75%[17]。计算各处理病情指数、防治效果以及诱变菌株的盆栽防治效果提高率。病情指数=∑(各级发病株数×该级代表值)/(总株数×最高级代表值)×100;防治效果=(对照病情指数–处理病情指数)/对照病情指数×100%;防治效果提高率=(诱变菌株防治效果–原始菌株防治效果)/原始菌株防治效果×100%。
参照1.2.1方法制备生防菌诱变菌株发酵液,12 000 r/min离心2 min,收集上清液,用直径0.22 μm的无菌微孔滤膜过滤,得到无菌滤液,备用。按照10%的体积比在冷却至45 ℃左右的PDA培养基中分别加入诱变菌株无菌滤液,充分混匀后倒平板。以加入无菌NA液体培养基为对照。在平板中央放入直径5 mm的Foc1402菌饼,28 ℃培养5 d,采用十字交叉法测量Foc的菌落直径,并计算菌落生长抑制率。继续培养5 d后,每皿加入10 mL无菌水,用灭菌涂布棒将病原菌分生孢子轻轻刮下,收集孢子悬浮液,用血球计数板对孢子数量进行计数,并计算产孢抑制率。每个处理重复3次。菌落生长抑制率=(对照菌落扩展直径–处理菌落扩展直径)/对照菌落扩展直径×100%;产孢抑制率=(对照孢子数量–处理孢子数量)/对照孢子数量×100%。
参照1.2.4方法制备Foc1402分生孢子悬浮液。分别取200 μL诱变菌株无菌滤液于1.5 mL无菌离心管中,加入等量Foc1402分生孢子悬浮液均匀混合,在28 ℃下培养。每个处理重复3次,以无菌NA液体培养基为对照。24 h后,在显微镜下观察各处理分生孢子萌发情况,并计算孢子萌发率和抑制率。孢子萌发率=萌发孢子数/孢子总数×100%;孢子萌发抑制率=(对照孢子萌发率–处理孢子萌发率)/对照孢子萌发率×100%。
将蕉苗分别移栽至以蛭石为基质的直径20 cm、高22 cm的塑料盆内,室温培养,每隔3 d淋水1次。移栽定植10 d后,分别淋入100 mL生防菌诱变菌株发酵液,7 d后再次淋入100 mL发酵液。以无菌NA液体培养基为对照。每个处理重复3次,每次重复9株蕉苗。处理21 d后,从球茎至最上端叶片分叉处测量蕉苗的株高,测量距根部5 cm处的茎围,并测量鲜质量和干质量。
参照1.3.3方法移栽与管理蕉苗。移栽定植10 d后,淋入100 mL诱变菌株发酵液,以淋入等量无菌培养基为对照。每个处理重复3次,每次重复3株蕉苗。分别于接种生防菌前、接种1 d后、接种3 d后、接种5 d后及接种7 d后剪取各处理蕉苗的第2片真叶,置于冰盒内。取0.1 g新鲜叶片于预冷的1.5 mL离心管中,加入1 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0),用研磨仪在4 ℃下研磨成匀浆。4 ℃条件下,9000 r/min下离心10 min,取上清液4 ℃保存,备用。
分别按照过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)酶活测定试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)说明书操作,用多功能微孔板检测仪测定并计算叶片中5种酶活力。以每分钟470 nm处吸光值变化0.005定义为一个POD酶活力单位;以每分钟410 nm处吸光值变化0.005定义为一个PPO酶活力单位;以每分钟290 nm处吸光值变化0.05定义为一个PAL酶活力单位;以每分钟催化1 nmol H2O2降解定义为一个CAT酶活力单位;黄嘌呤氧化酶藕联反应体系中抑制百分率为50%时,反应体系中的酶活力定义为一个SOD酶活力单位。所有酶活力均以每克组织中所含的酶活力单位计(U/g)。
利用Excel 2016软件进行数据汇总计算,并通过SPSS 18.0软件使用Duncan’s新复极差法分析各处理间的差异显著性。
不同紫外光照时间对4株生防菌的致死率如图1所示。4株生防菌的死亡率均随着紫外照射时间的增加而增加。其中菌株Pt05对紫外线的耐受程度相对较强,当该菌株的致死率为93.07%,需要紫外线照射时间为7.5 min。以各菌株致死率达到90%左右的紫外照射时长来确定各菌株的最佳紫外诱变时间,分别为:菌株Ba62紫外照射125 s;菌株Blz02紫外照射50 s;菌株Bc11紫外照射90 s;菌株Pt05紫外照射7.5 min。
随着NaNO2浓度的增加,4株生防菌的死亡率均不断增加(图2)。其中,菌株Blz02对NaNO2的耐受程度较强,当致死率达到90.18%时,NaNO2浓度为250 mmol/L。依据各菌株致死率达90%左右的NaNO2浓度,确定菌株Ba62的最佳NaNO2诱变浓度为100 mmol/L;菌株Blz02的最佳诱变浓度为250 mmol/L;菌株Bc11的最佳诱变浓度为75 mmol/L;菌株Pt05的最佳诱变浓度为90 mmol/L。
通过紫外线-亚硝酸钠复合诱变,菌株Ba62得到66株诱变菌株;Blz02菌株得到54株诱变菌株;菌株Bc11得到47株诱变菌株;菌株Pt05得到58株诱变菌株。与原始菌株相比(图3图4A),菌株Ba62的突变子中对Foc1402抑菌活性最强为Ba62v,其抑菌圈直径为29.46 mm,抑菌活性比原始菌株Ba62提高了132.91%;菌株Blz02的诱变菌株中对Foc1402抑菌活性最强为Blz02v,其抑菌圈直径为23.16 mm,抑菌活性比原始菌株Blz02提高了82.98%;菌株Bc11的突变子中对Foc1402抑菌活性最强为Bc11v,其抑菌圈直径为23.46 mm,抑菌活性比原始菌株Bc11提高了98.51%;菌株Pt05的突变子中对Foc1402抑菌活性最强为Pt05v,其抑菌圈直径为17.89 mm,抑菌活性比原始菌株Pt05提高了186.24%。
蕉苗接种香蕉枯萎病菌21 d后,对照组的病情指数为78.57,生防菌处理病情指数在16.27~48.41之间。对照组病情指数显著高于处理组,说明8株供试菌株对香蕉枯萎病均具有良好的防治效果。在所有处理中,以诱变菌株Bc11v的防治效果最高,达79.29%,但与诱变菌株Ba62v和Blz02v(防治效果分别为74.75%和72.73%)无显著差异。4株诱变菌株的盆栽防治效果均显著高于其原始菌株(图4B)。其中,与原始菌株相比,防治效果提升最高的为Ba62v,防治效果提高了46.54%;其次为Pt05v,防治效果较Pt05提高了44.74%;诱变菌株Bc11v与原始菌株Bc11相比,防治效果提高了27.64%;诱变菌株Blz02v较原始菌株防效提高了23.08%。
在28 ℃下培养5 d后,各诱变菌株无菌滤液处理的Foc1402菌落扩展直径在39.24~46.42 mm之间,产孢量在4.80×107~9.22×107个/mL之间,孢子萌发率在8.98%~83.60%之间,而对照组的菌落扩展直径为58.66 mm,产孢量为1.12×108个/mL,孢子萌发率为91.12%。诱变菌株的无菌滤液对Foc1402的菌落生长、产孢量和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用(图5)。其中,菌株Ba62v的无菌滤液处理的菌落生长抑制率最高,达33.10%,显著高于其他菌株处理,菌株Bc11v的无菌滤液处理的菌落生长抑制率最低,为20.87%(图5A)。菌株Pt05v的无菌滤液处理的产孢抑制率最高,达56.95%,菌株Ba62v的无菌滤液处理的产孢抑制率最低,为17.34%(图5B)。菌株Bc11v无菌滤液处理的孢子萌发抑制率最高,达90.14%,菌株Pt05v无菌滤液处理的孢子萌发抑制率最低,为8.25%(图5C)。
处理21 d后,菌株处理蕉苗株高在12.00~ 13.23 cm之间,茎围在10.61~11.25 mm之间,单株鲜质量在19.81~24.01 g之间,单株干质量在1.47~1.85 g之间;对照蕉苗株高为10.12 cm,茎围为9.88 mm,鲜质量为17.71 g,干质量为1.18 g。与对照相比,生防菌处理的蕉苗株高和茎围均显著高于对照;菌株Blz02v和菌株Pt05v处理的蕉苗鲜重显著高于对照组;除菌株Blz02v处理外,其他生防菌处理的蕉苗干质量与对照组均无显著差异(图6)。由结果可知,4株诱变菌株均对香蕉幼苗具有一定的促生作用,其中菌株Blz02v菌株的促生效果最优。
蕉苗经不同诱变菌株处理后,叶片中POD活性变化总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势(图7A),所有处理均在接种第5天达到峰值,其中菌株Pt05v和Blz02v处理的蕉苗在接种1 d时POD活性显著高于同时期的对照组。
在生防菌处理0~7 d内,对照区与生防菌处理区蕉苗叶片中PPO活性均呈现先下降后上升的趋势(图7B),所有处理的PPO活性均从处理第3天开始上升。其中菌株Bc11v和Pt05v处理的蕉苗在接种第3天时显著高于对照区及其他生防菌处理。
在生防菌处理0~7 d内,对照与生防菌处理蕉苗叶片中PAL活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势(图7C),所有处理均在接种第3天达到峰值。其中,菌株Ba62v和Blz02v处理的蕉苗在第1天和第5天时PAL活性均显著低于对照组,但在处理第3天时,菌株Blz02v处理的蕉苗叶片中PAL活性显著高于对照组。菌株Bc11v处理在第5天时,PAL活性显著低于对照组;Pt05v处理在第7天时,PAL活性显著高于对照组。
蕉苗经生防菌不同处理后,叶片中CAT活性在0~3 d内与对照组无显著差异(图7D)。菌株Bc11v在处理第5天和第7天时,叶片中CAT活性显著高于对照组。
菌株Ba62v、Blz02v和Pt05v处理的蕉苗叶片中SOD活性在第5天和第7天时显著高于对照组(图7E);菌株Bc11v处理的蕉苗叶片中SOD活性在第1天时显著小于对照组,但菌株Bc11v处理的蕉苗在第3天和第5天显著高于对照组,其他时期各处理蕉苗叶片SOD活性与对照组差异不显著。
总体来看,4株诱变菌株对香蕉植株的防御酶有一定的刺激作用,各菌株的作用效果略有差异。4株菌株均能激活香蕉苗中SOD活性,此外,菌株Blz02v还可激活POD活性,Bc11v可以激活PPO和CAT活性,Pt05v可以激活POD和PPO活性。
香蕉枯萎病是一种典型的土传病害,在包括中国在内的世界多数香蕉主产国均有发生,严重影响了香蕉产业的健康发展[18]。利用生防菌对香蕉枯萎病进行防治是近年来广受关注的防控措施之一,这种方法绿色环保,具有较大的发展潜力[19]。而具有良好防治效果的生防菌是香蕉枯萎病生物防治成功的基础,对后续田间应用效果有决定性作用。诱变改良作为获得优良菌株的传统手段,具有成本低、速度快、操作简单、收效大等优点,且2种或2种以上诱变方法组合使用,会产生比单一诱变更好的效果[20-21]。本研究采用紫外线-亚硝酸钠复合诱变的方法对4株生防菌进行诱变改良,与原始菌株相比相应获得的4株诱变菌株对Foc的抑菌活性和香蕉枯萎病的防治效果均得到了显著提升。其中诱变菌株Pt05v对Foc的抑菌活性提高率最高,达到186.24%,诱变菌株Ba62v对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果提高率最高,达到46.54%。后续可通过比较转录组进一步揭示诱变菌株生防效果提升的原因。
生防菌往往通过分泌抗菌物质来抑制病原菌生长。然而,不同生防菌对病原菌生长的影响方式存在差异。GETHA等[22]研究发现紫色链霉菌G10的代谢产物可以造成Foc菌丝膨大、变形,并可以抑制其孢子萌发。邱晓聪等[23]分离的Foc拮抗菌可以使病原菌原生质外漏造成菌丝中空干枯。刘元元等[24]发现芽孢杆菌属生防菌发酵滤液可抑制病菌菌丝生长及孢子萌发。本文研究4株诱变菌株对病原菌生长的影响,结果表明,4株诱变菌对病原菌的不同生长阶段具有拮抗作用。其中,菌株Ba62v对Foc的菌落生长抑制率最高,菌株Bc11v对Foc的孢子萌发抑制率最高,菌株Pt05v对Foc的产孢抑制率最高。这说明这4株生防菌诱变株产生的抗菌物质种类可能不同,后续拟分离鉴定其抗菌物质,以进一步探究抑菌作用的差异来源,为开发生物农药提供理论支撑。
本研究还发现,生防菌诱变株处理的蕉苗株高和茎围均显著高于对照,此外菌株Blz02v处理的蕉苗干质量和鲜质量也显著高于对照组。在ZHAO等[25]的研究中,生防菌洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌对健康和感染小斑病的玉米均有促生作用,GOWTHAM等[26]用解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理辣椒种子可以促进种子萌发,提高幼苗的生长量,这说明部分生防菌对植物具有促生作用。本研究中的4株生防菌诱变株同样对香蕉幼苗具有一定的促生作用,其中以Blz02v菌株的促生效果最优,这种促生作用是否与菌株的定殖能力相关,还有待进一步探究。
病原菌在侵入寄主时,会使寄主植株内活性氧迅速增加,而过量的活性氧会造成细胞脂质过氧化,破坏细胞膜完整性,从而导致细胞衰老死亡[27-28]。因此清除过量活性氧以减轻氧化应激反应,对保护细胞免受损伤至关重要[29-30]。而施用生防菌往往可以诱导植株中此类抗氧化酶的产生,从而提高植物抗病性[31-32]。本研究测定了4株生防菌诱变株处理后的香蕉叶片中的POD、PPO、PAL、CAD和SOD等抗氧化活性,结果表明菌株Ba62v可以诱导香蕉苗中SOD活性,菌株Blz02v可以诱导香蕉苗POD和SOD活性,菌株Bc11v可诱导香蕉苗PPO、CAT和SOD活性;菌株Pt05v可诱导香蕉苗POD、PPO和SOD活性。这一结果说明这4株生防菌诱变株对寄主中防御酶的激活作用各不相同。由此可见,这4株生防菌诱变株对病原菌和寄主的作用机制存在差异,如将其复配,多种作用机制互补,存在复配增效的可能,具有较好的生防潜能。
生防菌在田间施用时,常受到紫外线照射以及土壤中盐浓度等因素的影响。选取耐受性较强的菌株来构建抗香蕉枯萎病复合菌群,在应对复杂的田间环境时,可能具有较强的抗逆性和定殖能力。本研究在探索菌株Pt05的诱变最佳条件时发现,其经紫外线照射7.5 min后,致死率才达到93.07%,表明该菌株对紫外线的耐受能力极强;而菌株Blz02对NaNO2的耐受程度较强,当致死率达到90.18%时,NaNO2浓度为250 mmol/L。这为后续香蕉枯萎病复合菌剂的开发利用提供了重要的菌株资源。
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2020B1515420006)
  • 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(桂科ZY21195015)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31560006)
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2024年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.015
  • 接收时间:2023-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01
  • 修回日期:2023-05-20
基金
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2020B1515420006)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(桂科ZY21195015)
国家自然科学基金项目(31560006)
作者信息
    1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
    2.广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广东广州 510640

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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