Article(id=1276262864470016052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689523200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-17, revisedDate=1695657600000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782214378706, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782214378706, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782214378706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782214378706, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276262756814815737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1724515200000', pubDateStr='2024-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782214353040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782214460949, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1651, endPage=1658, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276262864742645814, articleId=1276262864470016052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Optimization on Activity Assay of Banana Phospholipase A by Acid-base Titration and Change of PLA Activity under Anthracnose Stress, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Plant phospholipase A (PLA) is a key enzyme in cell membrane phospholipid metabolism. It can catalyze the cleavage of multiple functional groups on phospholipids to generate signaling molecules, which are involved in regulating plant growth and development as well as environmental and biological stresses. PLA possesses important research value. In this study, the effects of various factors such as substrate concentration, reaction temperature, pH of buffer solution, buffer solution volume, and reaction time on catalytic activities of banana PLA for phospholipid hydrolysis were investigated, so as to optimize PLA activity assay method. According to the optimal assay conditions, the change of banana PLA activity under anthracnose stress was further studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the determination of banana PLA activity by acid-base titration method were as follows: pH 9, reaction temperature 55 ℃, substrate concentration 4 g/L, 15 mL substrate, 3 mL crude enzyme extract, the ratio of extraction buffer volume to peel weight (mL/g) 3, and reaction time 7 h. According to the optimal conditions, the PLA activity of banana peel tissue under anthracnose stress was determined. It was found that the degree of disease in peel tissue was positively correlated with PLA activity, indicating that PLA activity increased with the deepening of disease. This suggested that the level of PLA activity was probably related to fruit resistance. As disease degree deepened, PLA activity increased, membrane phospholipids degraded, and cell membrane integrity disrupted, leading to fruit decay. In this article, a convenient and feasible method for the determination of banana PLA activity was established, which laid a foundation for further study of the catalytic mechanism of banana phospholipase A.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yuxian CHEN, Li LI, Jing LI, Jian SUN, Ping YI, Fang HUANG, Min HUANG, Ting GAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian SUN, Ping YI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276262866370035786, articleId=1276262864470016052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=酸碱滴定法优化香蕉磷脂酶A活性测定及炭疽病胁迫下其活性变化研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

植物磷脂酶A(phospholipase A,PLA)是细胞膜磷脂代谢中的关键酶,可以催化磷脂分子上多个功能基团发生裂解生成信号分子,参与调节植物生长发育以及环境和生物胁迫,具有重要研究价值。本研究主要考察底物浓度、反应温度、缓冲溶液pH、缓冲溶液体积、反应时间等多种因素对香蕉PLA催化卵磷脂水解活性的影响,从而优化磷脂酶A活性测定方法,进一步根据最佳测定条件研究炭疽病胁迫下香蕉PLA活性的变化趋势。结果表明,酸碱滴定法测定香蕉PLA活性的优化条件:反应体系pH 9,底物浓度为4 g/L,反应温度为55 ℃,底物为15 mL,酶粗提液为3 mL,提取缓冲液体积与果皮重量的比值(mL/g)为3,反应时间为7 h。在最优条件下对炭疽病胁迫下的香蕉果皮组织进行PLA活性测定,发现果皮的病害程度与PLA活力呈正相关,即随着病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,且远大于对照组。表明PLA活性大小可能与果实的抗性有关,随着果实病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,膜磷脂降解,细胞膜的完整性被破坏,从而导致果实腐烂。本研究明确了一种方便可行的香蕉PLA活性测定方法,为深入研究香蕉PLA的催化作用机制奠定基础。

, authors=

陈瑜娴(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

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* 孙健(SUN Jian),E-mail:
易萍(YI Ping),E-mail:
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陈瑜娴(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

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陈瑜娴(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison of two measurement methods for snake venom phospholipase A2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269342455104003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=46, authorNames=赵梦梦, 薛正莲, 黄祖耀, 苏燕南, 马琦亚, journalName=食品与发酵科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵梦梦, 薛正莲, 黄祖耀, 苏燕南, 马琦亚. 三种磷脂酶A1活力测定方法的比较[J]. 食品与发酵科技, 2012, 48(3): 74-77., articleTitle=三种磷脂酶A1活力测定方法的比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269342526407172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=48, issue=3, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=47, authorNames=ZHAO M M, XUE Z L, HUANG Z Y, SU Y N, MA Q Y, journalName=Food and Fermentation Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO M M, XUE Z L, HUANG Z Y, SU Y N, MA Q Y. Comparison of three determination methods for phospholipase A1 activity[J]. Food and Fermentation Science & Technology, 2012, 48(3): 74-77. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison of three determination methods for phospholipase A1 activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269342589321733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=876, pageEnd=880, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=48, authorNames=邓治, 刘实忠, 校现周, journalName=广西植物, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓治, 刘实忠, 校现周. 巴西橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及部分酶学性质鉴定[J]. 广西植物, 2010, 30(6): 876-880., articleTitle=巴西橡胶树胶乳磷脂酶A2的分离纯化及部分酶学性质鉴定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269342664819206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=876, pageEnd=880, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=49, authorNames=DENG Z, LIU S Z, XIAO X Z, journalName=Guihaia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Z, LIU S Z, XIAO X Z. Purification and enzymatic characterization of phospholipase A2 from latex of Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Guihaia, 2010, 30(6): 876-880. 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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the four lecithin concentrations at the same reaction time (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=WL3ekrlDmYGOMdq5QHsd8w==, figureFileBig=g8VLuUUGsU82XhfP51YC7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269334259433926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图1, caption=底物浓度对香蕉磷脂酶A水解卵磷脂的影响

不同小写字母表示在同一反应时间下4种卵磷脂浓度间显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=WL3ekrlDmYGOMdq5QHsd8w==, figureFileBig=g8VLuUUGsU82XhfP51YC7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269335924572615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of temperature on lecithin hydrolysis by phospholipase A in bananas

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the five temperatures at the same reaction time (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=pJLr1S/1XLjgiwHUl5O0aw==, figureFileBig=cyNac3IUUxSh/2K2xajByA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269335979098568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图2, caption=温度对香蕉磷脂酶A水解卵磷脂的影响

不同小写字母表示在同一反应时间下5种温度间显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=pJLr1S/1XLjgiwHUl5O0aw==, figureFileBig=cyNac3IUUxSh/2K2xajByA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336042013129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of starting pH on lecithin hydrolysis of banana phospholipase A

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the pH of the four reaction systems at the same reaction time (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=hbjHvOuPrmebNtjqQ2PfNg==, figureFileBig=qsDZZNoFt0Lsp/ItixS9+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336109121994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图3, caption=起始pH对香蕉磷脂酶A水解卵磷脂的影响

不同小写字母表示在同一反应时间下4种反应体系pH间显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=hbjHvOuPrmebNtjqQ2PfNg==, figureFileBig=qsDZZNoFt0Lsp/ItixS9+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336339808715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of extraction buffer volume on lecithin hydrolysis of banana phospholipase A

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the four different ratios at the same reaction time (p<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=puWuyP8oCQfM62224leZAg==, figureFileBig=xsbga12GjEBmmSiOzplgLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336415306188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图4, caption=提取缓冲液体积对香蕉磷脂酶A水解卵磷脂的影响

不同小写字母表示在同一反应时间下4种不同比值间显著差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=puWuyP8oCQfM62224leZAg==, figureFileBig=xsbga12GjEBmmSiOzplgLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336474026445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Progress curve of FFA production in enzymatic reaction, figureFileSmall=k+MqwX3uUQFgTIlY3E4khg==, figureFileBig=ntIkTAkvW/q9eOAl94llfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336729878990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酶促反应中FFA生成量进程曲线, figureFileSmall=k+MqwX3uUQFgTIlY3E4khg==, figureFileBig=ntIkTAkvW/q9eOAl94llfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336805376463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Changes in the appearance of banana fruits under anthracnose stress, figureFileSmall=DYtifFMfIWMX8uGxGRqoVA==, figureFileBig=hsynvD2sQ3EvyM86Ksq6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336864096720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图6, caption=炭疽病胁迫下香蕉果实外观变化, figureFileSmall=DYtifFMfIWMX8uGxGRqoVA==, figureFileBig=hsynvD2sQ3EvyM86Ksq6BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336918622673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Changes in PLA activity of bananas under anthracnose stress, figureFileSmall=mtlkmtFgylpZhLjjH2PH/g==, figureFileBig=+Pd3OoF+VBXdX/Yv0TO4GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269336985731538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262864470016052, language=CN, label=图7, caption=炭疽病胁迫下香蕉PLA活性的变化, figureFileSmall=mtlkmtFgylpZhLjjH2PH/g==, figureFileBig=+Pd3OoF+VBXdX/Yv0TO4GQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1235979950382170114, 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酸碱滴定法优化香蕉磷脂酶A活性测定及炭疽病胁迫下其活性变化研究
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陈瑜娴 1 , 李丽 2, 3 , 李静 1 , 孙健 3, 4, * , 易萍 2, * , 黄方 2 , 黄敏 2 , 甘婷 2
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(8): 1651-1658
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (8) : 1651 -1658
酸碱滴定法优化香蕉磷脂酶A活性测定及炭疽病胁迫下其活性变化研究
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陈瑜娴1, 李丽2, 3, 李静1, 孙健3, 4, * , 易萍2, * , 黄方2, 黄敏2, 甘婷2
作者信息
  • 1.桂林理工大学化学与生物工程学院,广西桂林 541006
  • 2.广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广西南宁 530007
  • 3.广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 4.广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁 530007
通讯作者:
* 孙健(SUN Jian),E-mail:
易萍(YI Ping),E-mail:
Optimization on Activity Assay of Banana Phospholipase A by Acid-base Titration and Change of PLA Activity under Anthracnose Stress
Yuxian CHEN1, Li LI2, 3, Jing LI1, Jian SUN3, 4, * , Ping YI2, * , Fang HUANG2, Min HUANG2, Ting GAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
  • 2.Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • 3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • 4.Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.014
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植物磷脂酶A(phospholipase A,PLA)是细胞膜磷脂代谢中的关键酶,可以催化磷脂分子上多个功能基团发生裂解生成信号分子,参与调节植物生长发育以及环境和生物胁迫,具有重要研究价值。本研究主要考察底物浓度、反应温度、缓冲溶液pH、缓冲溶液体积、反应时间等多种因素对香蕉PLA催化卵磷脂水解活性的影响,从而优化磷脂酶A活性测定方法,进一步根据最佳测定条件研究炭疽病胁迫下香蕉PLA活性的变化趋势。结果表明,酸碱滴定法测定香蕉PLA活性的优化条件:反应体系pH 9,底物浓度为4 g/L,反应温度为55 ℃,底物为15 mL,酶粗提液为3 mL,提取缓冲液体积与果皮重量的比值(mL/g)为3,反应时间为7 h。在最优条件下对炭疽病胁迫下的香蕉果皮组织进行PLA活性测定,发现果皮的病害程度与PLA活力呈正相关,即随着病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,且远大于对照组。表明PLA活性大小可能与果实的抗性有关,随着果实病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,膜磷脂降解,细胞膜的完整性被破坏,从而导致果实腐烂。本研究明确了一种方便可行的香蕉PLA活性测定方法,为深入研究香蕉PLA的催化作用机制奠定基础。

香蕉  /  磷脂酶A  /  酸碱滴定法  /  酶活性  /  炭疽病

Plant phospholipase A (PLA) is a key enzyme in cell membrane phospholipid metabolism. It can catalyze the cleavage of multiple functional groups on phospholipids to generate signaling molecules, which are involved in regulating plant growth and development as well as environmental and biological stresses. PLA possesses important research value. In this study, the effects of various factors such as substrate concentration, reaction temperature, pH of buffer solution, buffer solution volume, and reaction time on catalytic activities of banana PLA for phospholipid hydrolysis were investigated, so as to optimize PLA activity assay method. According to the optimal assay conditions, the change of banana PLA activity under anthracnose stress was further studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the determination of banana PLA activity by acid-base titration method were as follows: pH 9, reaction temperature 55 ℃, substrate concentration 4 g/L, 15 mL substrate, 3 mL crude enzyme extract, the ratio of extraction buffer volume to peel weight (mL/g) 3, and reaction time 7 h. According to the optimal conditions, the PLA activity of banana peel tissue under anthracnose stress was determined. It was found that the degree of disease in peel tissue was positively correlated with PLA activity, indicating that PLA activity increased with the deepening of disease. This suggested that the level of PLA activity was probably related to fruit resistance. As disease degree deepened, PLA activity increased, membrane phospholipids degraded, and cell membrane integrity disrupted, leading to fruit decay. In this article, a convenient and feasible method for the determination of banana PLA activity was established, which laid a foundation for further study of the catalytic mechanism of banana phospholipase A.

banana  /  phospholipase A  /  acid-base titration  /  enzyme activity  /  anthracnose
陈瑜娴, 李丽, 李静, 孙健, 易萍, 黄方, 黄敏, 甘婷. 酸碱滴定法优化香蕉磷脂酶A活性测定及炭疽病胁迫下其活性变化研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1651 -1658 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.014
Yuxian CHEN, Li LI, Jing LI, Jian SUN, Ping YI, Fang HUANG, Min HUANG, Ting GAN. Optimization on Activity Assay of Banana Phospholipase A by Acid-base Titration and Change of PLA Activity under Anthracnose Stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1651 -1658 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.014
香蕉为芭蕉科(Musaceae)芭蕉属(Musa)单子叶植物,果实营养丰富,含有矿物质元素、抗性淀粉、膳食纤维、酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、胺类、抗氧化剂等营养物质和活性成分[1-2],加工潜力巨大[3]。随着香蕉需求的日益增长,截至2019年,全球香蕉收获面积达到515.86万hm2,产量达到1.17亿t,同时我国香蕉产量位居世界第2,净进口量位居世界第3[4-5]
香蕉炭疽病作为香蕉果实贮藏和运输过程中的主要病害之一,发病时主要表现为果实表面出现黑褐色圆斑,随着病斑扩大,果实硬度下降,果皮细胞膜破损,膜透性增大[6-7],膜脂过氧化加剧,营养成分流失,2~3 d内果肉变黑腐烂[8-9]。目前,香蕉病害的主要防治方法仍为化学防治,但由于病菌抗性增强以及药物残留等问题,化学防治效果下降。因此,利用生物、化学等方式诱导香蕉的自身免疫系统获得抗病性已成为研究热点之一[10]
磷脂是构成细胞膜的基本分子,也是细胞与外界联系和反应的第一道屏障。细胞膜作为灵敏的环境感应器官,当发生生物胁迫或非生物胁迫时,细胞膜中的分子受体可通过磷脂酶(phospholipase,PL)产生细胞信号传导,从而使细胞对外界变化给予不同的反应[11]。磷脂酶可将磷脂水解为脂肪酸、溶血卵磷脂、二酰甘油、磷酰胆碱等亲脂性物质。根据水解磷脂的部位不同又将其分为磷脂酶A(PLA)、磷脂酶C(PLC)和磷脂酶D(PLD)[12],其中PLA是重要的信号转导酶,是一类能够在磷脂甘油部分的Sn-2位点选择性断裂酯键的酶,具有调节体内磷脂类物质平衡、促进细胞分化及生长等能力。研究表明,当植物面对环境胁迫时,PLA活性发生改变,通过水解细胞膜上的磷脂,使其产物作用于质膜H+转运,同时改变细胞膜的离子通透性,使胞内Ca2+浓度增加,从而适应不断变化的环境和发育条件[13]。在炭疽病胁迫下,PLA活性的改变能够在一定程度上影响果实的后熟进程。
酶活性测定是酶研究、应用和生产的基础,与动物PLA的研究相比,虽然已有大量研究表明植物PLA参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答等相关过程,但是目前有关植物PLA的酶活测定、作用机制等方面的研究仍非常匮乏。前期文献报道了PLA催化卵磷脂水解的几种测定方法,其中酸碱滴定法是研究PLA活性的一种易于操作的方法,该方法原理:由于磷脂在磷脂酶的作用下水解产生大量的游离脂肪酸,使用NaOH进行中和滴定,可通过所消耗的NaOH体积间接推算出即时反应速率等参数[14]。在实际应用酸碱滴定法对香蕉PLA活性进行测定的过程中发现,温度、pH、底物浓度等多种因素对不同的研究对象影响较大。香蕉PLA活性酸碱滴定测定方法还需进一步优化,明确该方法的具体条件,从而更加准确地测定香蕉PLA的活性。因此,本研究通过探讨影响酸碱滴定法测定香蕉PLA活性的因素,获得香蕉PLA的最优测定条件,并利用优化的测定方法分析炭疽病胁迫下不同贮藏时间香蕉PLA活性变化与果实后熟及腐败进程的关系,这在科学研究和实际生产中具有重要的理论和实践意义。
供试香蕉品种选用广西主栽的桂蕉1号,于2022年10月18日摘自广西美呈农业科技有限公司,采收时果实成熟度为7~8成熟,当天运回广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,挑选成熟度一致、大小均一、无明显机械伤、无病害的果实进行试验。
主要试剂:大豆卵磷脂,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,GR级;脱氧胆酸钠、氯化钙,上海源叶生物科技有限公司,分析纯;氯化钠,国药集团化学试剂有限公司,分析纯;三羟甲基氨基甲烷,北京索莱宝科技有限公司,分析纯;盐酸,成都科隆化学试剂有限公司,分析纯。
主要仪器:水浴恒温锅,HH-S4型,金坛市万华实验仪器厂;酸度计,PHS-3C型,上海仪分科学仪器有限公司;高速冷冻离心机,3-18KS型,Sigma公司。
香蕉炭疽菌(Colletotrichum musae)由广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室提供(菌株编号17B)[15]。将炭疽菌接种于PDA固体培养基28 ℃培养7~14 d,用接种环轻轻摩擦培养基表面使得孢子更容易脱落,使用移液枪将制得的菌种悬浮液转移至50 mL锥形瓶,用无菌去离子水稀释并调节浓度至1×104 CFU/mL,备用。
参考李春玲等[16]报道的处理方法对采后香蕉果实进行模拟炭疽菌感染处理试验。选用2~20 μL的移液枪在香蕉果实的腰部均匀地扎3个直径为4 mm、深度为2.5 mm的伤口,于香蕉果实的伤口处注入20 μL炭疽菌孢子悬浮液(1×104 CFU/mL)作为实验组,于香蕉果实的伤口处注入20 μL无菌水作为对照组。每个处理组50个果实,注射完毕后将所有供试香蕉置于开口托盘上贮藏15 d以上,贮藏温度25 ℃,相对湿度60%,根据香蕉贮藏时间间隔进行取样及液氮保存。
酶的粗提液制备:准确称取一定量的香蕉果皮组织于研钵中,加入与其体积相应倍数的5 mmol/L、pH 7.6的Tris-HCL缓冲液,冰浴研磨5 min,使用三层尼龙纱布过滤,滤液于4 ℃、4000 r/min条件下离心15 min,取其上清液备用。
反应底物溶液制备方法:参考雷享亮、张晋陆等[14,17]报道的处理方法并加以改进。制备含有2~5 g/L卵磷脂、2 mmol/L脱氧胆酸钠、5 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.6)、0.2 mmol/L CaCl2、0.2 mol/L NaCl的底物缓冲液,使用0.4 mol/L NaOH调节缓冲液至相应的pH。
反应体系:将酶的粗提液和反应底物溶液置于相应温度下保温5 min,取3 mL粗提液和15 mL底物溶液迅速混匀,将混合液置于相应温度下反应4~10 h。
自由脂肪酸(FFA)生成量测定:取2 mL不同时间段的反应体系中的待测液,用蒸馏水稀释25倍,从稀释液中量取5 mL于50 mL锥形瓶中,在冰浴中用2 mmol/L NaOH滴定至初始pH,记录所消耗的NaOH体积数V(mL),推算出每克香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂释放出的FFA生成量(μmol/g)。以单位时间内每克香蕉果皮中PLA水解磷脂产生的游离脂肪酸量,即μmol/(g·h)表示PLA活性。具体计算公式如下:
式中,C为NaOH浓度(mmol/L),V为NaOH消耗体积(mL),m为香蕉皮鲜重(g),t为反应时间(h),E为PLA活性[μmol/(g·h)]。
称取一定量的实验组或对照组香蕉果皮组织于研钵中,其中实验组为炭疽病胁迫下的香蕉果皮组织,对照组为无菌水处理下的香蕉果皮组织。根据果皮质量加入3倍的5 mmol/L(pH 7.6)Tris-HCL缓冲液,冰浴上研磨5 min,使用三层尼龙纱布过滤,滤液于4 ℃、4000 r/min条件下离心15 min,取其上清液备用。选用筛选出的最佳底物浓度、温度、反应体系pH以及反应时间等反应条件进行后续香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂的活性测定试验。
试验重复3次,结果为均值±标准误差,采用SPSS 22软件(IBM,芝加哥,美国)对试验数据进行统计分析,利用Duncan检验分析法进行因素水平间的显著性方差分析(P<0.05),用Origin 2021软件(OriginLab,北安普敦,马萨诸塞州,美国)制图。
参考雷享亮、张晋陆等[14,17]的方法设定初始参数:反应体系pH 7.6,温度40 ℃,缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为5。由于卵磷脂在水中的溶解度有限,因此测定卵磷脂浓度为2、3、4、5 g/L时的底物溶液浓度对香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性的影响,记录FFA生成量随着时间的变化动态。由图1可知,在其他条件恒定的条件下,底物浓度对于酶促反应的速度有很大影响,随着底物浓度增加,酶促反应速度加快,到达一定程度后,反应速度趋于稳定。香蕉磷脂酶水解卵磷脂产生的FFA含量随着反应时间的增加逐渐增大,其中底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L及5 g/L时,FFA生成量显著大于2 g/L和3 g/L(P<0.05),且4 g/L及5 g/L间FFA生成量相差不大,因此后续试验选择的最佳浓度为4 g/L。
设定底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L,反应体系pH 7.6,缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为5,测定反应温度为40、45、50、55、60 ℃时对香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性的影响,记录FFA生成量随着时间的变化动态。由图2可知,当反应温度为60 ℃时,FFA生成量明显降低。在温度低于60 ℃时,随着反应温度的增高,FFA生成量增加,各温度下FFA生成量差异显著(P<0.05)。其中55 ℃下FFA的生成量平稳增长,且最多。温度对于酶促反应的影响有双重作用,一方面,在一定范围内随着温度升高,可以加快酶促反应,磷脂酶A活性增大;另一方面,当温度过高时,导致酶变性,酶活性下降,因此香蕉PLA活力的适宜温度为55 ℃。
设定底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L,温度为55 ℃,缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为5,测定反应体系pH为6、7、8、9时对香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性的影响,记录FFA生成量随着时间的变化动态。由图3可知,反应体系的pH对酶催化活力的影响极为显著,这可能是因为pH改变了酶活性部位有关基团的解离状态[18],使其适于或不适于与底物结合,从而影响酶促反应结果。结果表明,随着反应体系pH增大,FFA生成量增多,不同pH条件下FFA的生成量差异显著(P<0.05)。反应体系pH为6和7时,FFA生成量少,且随着时间的变化不大。反应体系pH为8时,FFA生成量较前二者多,且随着时间的变化缓慢增加。反应体系pH为9时,FFA生成量最大。
设定底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L,温度为55 ℃,反应体系pH 9,测定缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为2、3、4、5时对香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性的影响,记录FFA生成量随着时间的变化动态(图4)。研究表明,不同缓冲液体积下香蕉磷脂酶水解卵磷脂存在明显差异。在反应进行初期,2倍的反应体系中FFA的生成量较大,但随着反应进行到3倍时,反应体系中FFA的生成量逐渐增大。在反应后期,缓冲液为3倍时反应体系中FFA生成量最大,且与其他倍数相比差异显著(P<0.05),因此在香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性测定试验中缓冲液体积(mL)与样品质量(g)的最佳比值为3。
设定底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L,温度为55 ℃,反应体系pH 9,测定缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为3时对香蕉PLA水解卵磷脂活性的影响,记录FFA生成量随着时间的变化动态。由图5可知,反应前7 h,随着反应进行,反应体系中FFA的含量逐渐增大,8 h时反应速率减缓,此时FFA含量为(155.667±0.167)μmol/g。与其他时间段对比可知,7 h时反应速度最快,可见反应时间以7 h为宜。
图6可知,随着贮藏时间增加,香蕉果实果皮褐变程度加深,果实逐渐腐败。在炭疽病胁迫下,实验组的香蕉果实病斑直径逐渐增大,果实腐败速度加快,而对照组的果实病斑直径变化不大,果实腐败速率较缓。在香蕉PLA最适活性测定条件下,即底物卵磷脂浓度为4 g/L,温度为55 ℃,反应体系pH 9,测定缓冲液体积/样品质量(mL/g)为3,反应时间为7 h,测定炭疽病胁迫对香蕉PLA活性的影响。结果如图7所示,随着贮藏时间增加,实验组及对照组的PLA活性均明显上升,且接种炭疽菌的香蕉果实PLA活性远远大于未接种的PLA活性。由此可知,PLA活性变化与香蕉后熟过程有关,随着贮藏时间增加,PLA活性增大。同时,炭疽病胁迫会对香蕉果实中PLA活性有所影响,PLA活性显著增加。
PLA是一类广泛存在于动植物细胞中的重要的水解酶,能够参与调控细胞膜代谢和信号传导等生物学过程。目前,已有一些研究通过不同方法测定生物中PLA活性。FENG等[19]发现荧光基团标记的磷脂酶类物质可以被PLA2催化并产生荧光信号,因此利用实时荧光测定方法,可以实时检测PLA2的活性变化,并可以在细胞水平上测定其活性。李宏丽等[20]使用模型胆汁和合成的荧光标记底物测定猪胰脏PLA2的活性,为临床治疗胆结石提供了重要信息。MIRSKY等[21]基于磷脂酰乙醇胺与磷脂酰胆碱之间的酯键水解反应,通过测定膜边界电势的变化来间接测定PLA的活性。JIMENEZ等[22]通过直接监测酶催化反应中产生的吸收或发射光信号,采用连续分光光度法实现了对PLA2活性的实时监控,能够有效地研究PLA2在猪胰脏内的动态变化及其与相关生理过程之间的联系。乐贞等[23]选用琼脂糖平板法研究PLA活性大小,根据透明圈和孔的直径测出蛇毒sPLA2的酶活标准曲线。综上可知,目前关于测定PLA活性的方法仍然存在一些限制,并且大部分研究都集中在动物领域,对于植物领域中的PLA活性测定方法尚显不足。由于植物和动物细胞之间存在一些差异,首先,植物体内PLA活性水平相对较低,需要更加敏感和准确的检测技术来进行测定。其次,由于植物组织复杂多样,存在着许多干扰因素,如其他酶的存在和反应条件的调控等,使得PLA活性的准确测定变得更加复杂,因此不能将动物领域中的测定方法直接用于植物。然而,在植物细胞中,PLA活性与其生物学功能和代谢过程密切相关。因此,准确测定植物中PLA活性并了解植物中PLA活性的变化原因,揭示其在信号传导、逆境应答、生长发育等方面的作用机制,对深入研究植物生物学过程具有重要意义。
尽管PLA活性测定方法有多种选择,但目前大多数研究仍然采用传统的酸碱滴定法[14,18,24-26]。酸碱滴定法作为一种经典的测定方法,相对于其他复杂的技术方法而言,具有适用范围广,可靠性强以及相对简单等优点。然而,传统的酸碱滴定法也存在一些不足之处,例如存在样品处理过程中可能会受到其他物质的干扰以及准确度低等特点。因此,对现有的酸碱滴定法的反应条件进行优化仍然非常重要,这将有助于提高测定结果的准确性和实验效率,并推动相关领域的研究和应用发展。为了更好地优化酸碱滴定法的反应条件,并使其在检测植物PLA活性方面更具有适用性,本研究旨在通过优化香蕉PLA活性酸碱滴定法的测定条件,从以下5个方面探讨香蕉PLA活性测定的最佳条件:反应体系的酸碱平衡(pH)、反应温度、反应浓度、提取缓冲液体积与果皮质量的比值以及反应时间。这些优化结果在一定条件上能为进一步研究植物PLA活性以及相关生物过程提供重要的参考和基础。
本研究通过酸碱滴定法试验测得桂蕉1号香蕉PLA活性测定的最佳条件为反应体系pH 9,反应温度55 ℃,底物浓度4 g/L,底物溶液15 mL,酶的粗提液3 mL,提取缓冲液体积与果皮重量的比值(mL/g)为3,反应时间7 h。在此条件下,FFA生成量最高可达(154.78±0.111)μmol/g,磷脂酶活性大小为(22.111±0.016)μmol/(g·h)。同样反应时间下,雷享亮等[14]选用酸碱滴定法测得水稻中PLA活性大小为11.428~14.286 μmol/(g·h)。邓治等[27]选用分光光度法测得巴西橡胶树胶乳中PLA活性大小为39.857~43.000 μmol/(mL·h)。经过优化的酸碱滴定测定条件能够更加精确、便捷地测定香蕉中PLA的活性,具有良好的可重复性和可操作性,为进一步研究植物PLA活性以及相关生物过程提供重要的参考和基础。
取试验所得最优条件对炭疽病胁迫下的香蕉果实PLA活性进行检测,结果显示,在炭疽菌侵染香蕉果实后,与对照组相比,其PLA活性明显增加。此外,随着病害程度加深,果实的PLA活性也不断增大。这可能是由于在病害侵袭下,果实细胞膜会受到损伤或改变。为了修复细胞膜损伤,并释放有益于抵御病原体侵入的信号分子和代谢产物,香蕉果实通过增加PLA酶的活性,使磷脂酰胆碱等磷脂类物质发生水解并释放出游离脂肪酸、溶解产物和次级信号分子来参与植物的防御反应。此外,PLA活性增大还可能是由于香蕉果实对病原微生物或逆境胁迫产生的信号分子的感知和响应。这些信号分子可能通过调节PLA酶的表达和活性来调控植物的防御反应。因此,我们认为果实的PLA活性变化与其受到的病害程度密切相关。这些发现将为进一步研究PLA活性与病害胁迫之间的关系提供重要的理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32272784; 32160732)
  • 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2024YP093)
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2024年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.014
  • 接收时间:2023-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-17
  • 修回日期:2023-09-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32272784; 32160732)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2024YP093)
作者信息
    1.桂林理工大学化学与生物工程学院,广西桂林 541006
    2.广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广西南宁 530007
    3.广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
    4.广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁 530007

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* 孙健(SUN Jian),E-mail:
易萍(YI Ping),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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