Article(id=1276598206440010633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276597973173801322, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693411200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-31, revisedDate=1696003200000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294330462, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294330462, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294330462, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294330462, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276597973173801322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1303', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1721836800000', pubDateStr='2024-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294274847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782294274847, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1455, endPage=1466, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276598207266288523, articleId=1276598206440010633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Variation of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Squalene-related Enzymatic Activities in the Tissue Cultivation of Pandanus amaryllifolius under Different Concentrations of Trace Elements, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The variation of volatile aroma compounds and squalene-related enzyme activities of the tissue cultivation of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves (PAL) treated with different concentrations of Zn and La was studied. The volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, and the key enzyme activities of squalene metabolism were detected and analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in the number and content of volatile compounds in the tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements. Compared with the untreated groud, 4 mg/L Zn treatment and 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L La treatment had more volatile compounds. Zn and La treatment increased the content of alcohols and decreased the content of olefins. Zn and La treatment significantly reduced the content of squalene. The treatment of 2 mg/L Zn increased the content of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ethyl palmitate, 3-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(h)-pyran-4-one, and decreased the content of squalene and phytol. The content of phytol in the leaves of 8 mg/L La treatment was the highest. The activities of squalene metabolism-related enzymes were changed in the process of tissue culture. Lanosterol synthase (LSS) activity and squalene epoxidase (SE) activity were stronger in the mixture, and squalene synthase (SQS) activity was stronger in adventitious roots. Different concentrations of trace elements had a certain effect on the activity of squalene-related enzymes. The content of squalene was positively correlated with LSS enzyme activity, SE enzyme activity and SQS enzyme activity in the PAL treated with different concentrations of Zn. The content of squalene in the tissue cultivation PAL treated with La was negatively correlated with LSS enzyme activity and SQS enzyme activity, and positively correlated with SE enzyme activity. The results would enrich the relevant theoretical research on the regulation of trace elements on the volatile aroma compounds of PAL, and provided theoretical basis for improving the aroma quality of PAL.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qunyuan LIN, Lu YAN, Xunzhi JI, Zhaocheng MA, Riru ZHENG, Xiaowei QIN, Lisong HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xunzhi JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276598211460592537, articleId=1276598206440010633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同浓度微量元素处理对斑兰叶组培过程中挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的影响, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的变化,本研究以不同浓度锌(Zn)、镧(La)元素处理的组培斑兰叶为原料,采用GC-MS技术对其挥发性物质进行分析,并测定角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性。结果表明:不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶挥发性物质的数量、含量均存在差异,与未处理的组培斑兰叶相比,4 mg/L Zn元素处理和1、2、4 mg/L La元素处理的组培斑兰叶中的挥发性物质较多。Zn、La元素处理均使组培斑兰叶中的醇类物质含量增加、烯烃类物质含量减少;Zn、La元素处理均使组培斑兰叶中的角鲨烯含量明显减少,2 mg/L Zn元素处理使组培斑兰叶中的β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮含量增加,角鲨烯和叶绿醇含量减少;8 mg/L La元素处理组培斑兰叶的叶绿醇含量最高。角鲨烯代谢相关酶活性在组培斑兰叶培养过程中有一定变化,羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)和鲨烯环氧酶(SE)在混合物(愈伤组织开始分化出芽)中活性较强,角鲨烯合成酶(SQS)在不定根中活性较强。不同浓度微量元素处理对角鲨烯相关酶活性有一定影响,不同浓度Zn元素处理的组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与LSS、SE、SQS酶活性均呈正相关;La元素处理组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与LSS、SQS酶活性呈负相关,与SE酶活性呈正相关。研究结果丰富了微量元素调控斑兰叶挥发性物质的相关理论研究,为挖掘提高斑兰叶香气品质的组培新技术提供理论依据。

, authors=

林群原(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化及遗传转化技术。

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* 吉训志(JI Xunzhi),E-mail:
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林群原(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化及遗传转化技术。

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林群原(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化及遗传转化技术。

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Effects of different hormones and trace elements on increasing aroma of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. plantlets in vitro[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023, 44(6): 1161-1169. 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Effects of zinc fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruit quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019. 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Resource evaluation of special tropical spice Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. and product process development[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2020. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Content and influencing factors of squalene in vegetable oil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276598372169548194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=35, authorNames=金士琨, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金士琨. 人参2,3-氧化角鲨烯代谢途径中关键酶的表达调控研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2014., articleTitle=人参2,3-氧化角鲨烯代谢途径中关键酶的表达调控研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276598372245045667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=JIN S K, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN S K. Regulated expression for key synthase in 2,3-oxidosqualene metabolism pathways of Panax ginseng[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2014. 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figureFileSmall=HKSDpTZMjNO/tWrYgWHLdw==, figureFileBig=8LmkKAdUT4PBsoSo5JiGjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598366712758638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=OPLS-DA analysis for volatile aroma compounds of tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements

A: OPLS-DA score plot; B: Cross validation mode.

, figureFileSmall=cbb2BL4/RCYpdnjC5j6eoQ==, figureFileBig=0ywTCEHFjLIXuKadIuDMQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598366884725103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质OPLS-DA分析

A:OPLS-DA分析得分图;B:交叉验证模型。

, figureFileSmall=cbb2BL4/RCYpdnjC5j6eoQ==, figureFileBig=0ywTCEHFjLIXuKadIuDMQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598366956028272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=VIP score of OPLS-DA model for volatile aroma compounds of tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements

The No. of compounds are the same as Table 1.

, figureFileSmall=bdbst8iR0NmV7DPpi3JUZQ==, figureFileBig=grwXgfE8QmRD0NuSEbjGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367027331441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度微量元素处理后组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质OPLS-DA模型的VIP得分

卲呤狅署呓周裄1。

, figureFileSmall=bdbst8iR0NmV7DPpi3JUZQ==, figureFileBig=grwXgfE8QmRD0NuSEbjGgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367086051698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Content of key volatile compounds of tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements

A: Squalene; B: β-sitosterol; C: Stigmasterol; D: Chlorophyll alcohol; E: Ethyl palmitate; F: 3-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone; G: 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(h)-pyran-4-one. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=QXch0VZdTyrOwaDZoGDNGQ==, figureFileBig=qkxZCAUHjYAY0nRyvCWmbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367157354867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶的关键挥发性物质含量

A:角鲨烯;B:β-谷甾醇;C:豆甾醇;D:叶绿醇;E:棕榈酸乙酯;F:3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮;G:2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=QXch0VZdTyrOwaDZoGDNGQ==, figureFileBig=qkxZCAUHjYAY0nRyvCWmbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367216075124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Changes of squalene-related enzyme activities in different growth stages of tissue-cultured of PAL

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=5ZBGDgei1OZ4TQVRa4Tp3A==, figureFileBig=SbmWJNJ0SZttiSsxOzyRxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367295766901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=图5, caption=组培斑兰叶不同生长阶段角鲨烯相关酶活性变化

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=5ZBGDgei1OZ4TQVRa4Tp3A==, figureFileBig=SbmWJNJ0SZttiSsxOzyRxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598367354487158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Volatile aroma compounds of tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276598367417401719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同浓度微量元素处理的斑兰叶丛生芽挥发性物质组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276598367513870712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Changes of squalene-related enzyme activities of tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group酶活性Enzymatic activity/(U×g-1)
LSSSESQS
Zn10.31±0.06ab0.39±0.02a0.50±0.08ab
Zn20.37±0.04a0.30±0.05bc0.51±0.05ab
Zn40.30±0.01ab0.30±0.07bcd0.41±0.02b
Zn80.35±0.06ab0.20±0.01e0.43±0.07b
La10.38±0.04a0.21±0.03de0.44±0.07b
La20.32±0.02ab0.32±0.06abc0.45±0.03b
La40.34±0.02ab0.26±0.02bcde0.53±0.13ab
La80.33±0.05ab0.23±0.03cde0.63±0.04a
愈伤组织0.29±0.04ab0.23±0.02cde0.67±0.03a
混合物0.37±0.02a0.33±0.03ab0.58±0.09ab
丛生芽0.25±0.05b0.27±0.05bcde0.67±0.11a
), ArticleFig(id=1276598367589368185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶的角鲨烯相关酶活性变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别Group酶活性Enzymatic activity/(U×g-1)
LSSSESQS
Zn10.31±0.06ab0.39±0.02a0.50±0.08ab
Zn20.37±0.04a0.30±0.05bc0.51±0.05ab
Zn40.30±0.01ab0.30±0.07bcd0.41±0.02b
Zn80.35±0.06ab0.20±0.01e0.43±0.07b
La10.38±0.04a0.21±0.03de0.44±0.07b
La20.32±0.02ab0.32±0.06abc0.45±0.03b
La40.34±0.02ab0.26±0.02bcde0.53±0.13ab
La80.33±0.05ab0.23±0.03cde0.63±0.04a
愈伤组织0.29±0.04ab0.23±0.02cde0.67±0.03a
混合物0.37±0.02a0.33±0.03ab0.58±0.09ab
丛生芽0.25±0.05b0.27±0.05bcde0.67±0.11a
), ArticleFig(id=1276598367660671354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Correlation between squalene content and key enzyme activities of squalene metabolism in tissue cultivation of PAL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItemZn项目ItemLa
LSSSESQSLSSSESQS
LSS1LSS1
SE-0.4911SE-0.7531
SQS0.3310.6591SQS-0.407-0.2881
角鲨烯0.0130.5900.613角鲨烯-0.3880.521-0.273
), ArticleFig(id=1276598367736168827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598206440010633, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItemZn项目ItemLa
LSSSESQSLSSSESQS
LSS1LSS1
SE-0.4911SE-0.7531
SQS0.3310.6591SQS-0.407-0.2881
角鲨烯0.0130.5900.613角鲨烯-0.3880.521-0.273
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不同浓度微量元素处理对斑兰叶组培过程中挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的影响
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林群原 1, 2 , 闫露 1, 2 , 吉训志 2, 3, 4, * , 马兆成 1 , 郑日如 1 , 秦晓威 2, 3, 4 , 胡丽松 2, 3, 4
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(7): 1455-1466
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (7) : 1455 -1466
不同浓度微量元素处理对斑兰叶组培过程中挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的影响
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林群原1, 2, 闫露1, 2, 吉训志2, 3, 4, * , 马兆成1, 郑日如1, 秦晓威2, 3, 4, 胡丽松2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉 430070
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
  • 3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 4.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
通讯作者:
* 吉训志(JI Xunzhi),E-mail:
Variation of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Squalene-related Enzymatic Activities in the Tissue Cultivation of Pandanus amaryllifolius under Different Concentrations of Trace Elements
Qunyuan LIN1, 2, Lu YAN1, 2, Xunzhi JI2, 3, 4, * , Zhaocheng MA1, Riru ZHENG1, Xiaowei QIN2, 3, 4, Lisong HU2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
  • 2.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 4.Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.018
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为了研究不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的变化,本研究以不同浓度锌(Zn)、镧(La)元素处理的组培斑兰叶为原料,采用GC-MS技术对其挥发性物质进行分析,并测定角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性。结果表明:不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶挥发性物质的数量、含量均存在差异,与未处理的组培斑兰叶相比,4 mg/L Zn元素处理和1、2、4 mg/L La元素处理的组培斑兰叶中的挥发性物质较多。Zn、La元素处理均使组培斑兰叶中的醇类物质含量增加、烯烃类物质含量减少;Zn、La元素处理均使组培斑兰叶中的角鲨烯含量明显减少,2 mg/L Zn元素处理使组培斑兰叶中的β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮含量增加,角鲨烯和叶绿醇含量减少;8 mg/L La元素处理组培斑兰叶的叶绿醇含量最高。角鲨烯代谢相关酶活性在组培斑兰叶培养过程中有一定变化,羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)和鲨烯环氧酶(SE)在混合物(愈伤组织开始分化出芽)中活性较强,角鲨烯合成酶(SQS)在不定根中活性较强。不同浓度微量元素处理对角鲨烯相关酶活性有一定影响,不同浓度Zn元素处理的组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与LSS、SE、SQS酶活性均呈正相关;La元素处理组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与LSS、SQS酶活性呈负相关,与SE酶活性呈正相关。研究结果丰富了微量元素调控斑兰叶挥发性物质的相关理论研究,为挖掘提高斑兰叶香气品质的组培新技术提供理论依据。

斑兰叶  /  锌元素  /  镧元素  /  挥发性物质  /  酶活性

The variation of volatile aroma compounds and squalene-related enzyme activities of the tissue cultivation of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves (PAL) treated with different concentrations of Zn and La was studied. The volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by GC-MS, and the key enzyme activities of squalene metabolism were detected and analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in the number and content of volatile compounds in the tissue cultivation of PAL treated with different concentrations of trace elements. Compared with the untreated groud, 4 mg/L Zn treatment and 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L La treatment had more volatile compounds. Zn and La treatment increased the content of alcohols and decreased the content of olefins. Zn and La treatment significantly reduced the content of squalene. The treatment of 2 mg/L Zn increased the content of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ethyl palmitate, 3-methyl-2-(5H)-furanone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(h)-pyran-4-one, and decreased the content of squalene and phytol. The content of phytol in the leaves of 8 mg/L La treatment was the highest. The activities of squalene metabolism-related enzymes were changed in the process of tissue culture. Lanosterol synthase (LSS) activity and squalene epoxidase (SE) activity were stronger in the mixture, and squalene synthase (SQS) activity was stronger in adventitious roots. Different concentrations of trace elements had a certain effect on the activity of squalene-related enzymes. The content of squalene was positively correlated with LSS enzyme activity, SE enzyme activity and SQS enzyme activity in the PAL treated with different concentrations of Zn. The content of squalene in the tissue cultivation PAL treated with La was negatively correlated with LSS enzyme activity and SQS enzyme activity, and positively correlated with SE enzyme activity. The results would enrich the relevant theoretical research on the regulation of trace elements on the volatile aroma compounds of PAL, and provided theoretical basis for improving the aroma quality of PAL.

Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb  /  Zn element  /  La element  /  volatile aroma compounds  /  enzyme activity
林群原, 闫露, 吉训志, 马兆成, 郑日如, 秦晓威, 胡丽松. 不同浓度微量元素处理对斑兰叶组培过程中挥发性物质及角鲨烯相关酶活性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1455 -1466 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.018
Qunyuan LIN, Lu YAN, Xunzhi JI, Zhaocheng MA, Riru ZHENG, Xiaowei QIN, Lisong HU. Variation of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Squalene-related Enzymatic Activities in the Tissue Cultivation of Pandanus amaryllifolius under Different Concentrations of Trace Elements[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1455 -1466 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.018
斑兰叶,学名香露兜(Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.),又名斑斓叶、香兰叶。斑兰叶叶片散发一种类似“粽子香味”的天然香气,主要成分为2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP),容易引起人的食欲,主要用于食品饮料行业,制作糕点、饮料、糖果等,被誉为“东方人的香草”[1-3]。近年来,随着热带特色农业产业的发展,斑兰叶逐渐走入大众视野,在海南,斑兰叶是一种能与槟榔、椰子、橡胶“三棵树”林下复合种植的优势作物[4]。斑兰叶中含有角鲨烯、叶绿醇、亚油酸、多酚类物质,以及黄酮、β-谷甾醇等生物活性物质,具有降血压血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、杀菌、增强细胞活力及免疫力等功效,具有很大的利用价值与开发前景[5-7]
锌(Zn)、镧(La)元素作为稀土元素之一,对生命活动有重要的调节作用。黄锦霞等[8]研究表明,基施锌肥、镧肥能显著增加香稻培杂软香和桂香占糙米等不同品种籽粒的2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量,提高稻米香气[9]。并且手撒施用碳酸氢铵+过磷酸钙+氯化钾能显著提高香稻籽粒的2-AP含量[10]。课题组前期研究表明,利用硫酸锌浸泡和配施碳酸氢铵+过磷酸钙+氯化钾溶液培养2个月的斑兰叶,2-AP含量明显提高,增香效果明显优于其他处理组[11]。此外,Zn元素参与植物中叶绿素合成,能有效防止叶片中叶绿素降解[12],可见,适当施用Zn元素也有助于斑兰叶中天然翠绿色的形成。蔡彬彬[13]研究发现,茶树Zn营养来源不足时,则会影响植株内诸多化合物,如氨基酸、茶多酚、可溶性糖、香气糖苷前体等含量及种类,这些化合物均对茶叶品质产生直接影响;而茶树在Zn营养过剩的情况下,植株内也会产生一系列化学变化以缓解高Zn胁迫,影响黄酮类、有机酸、氨基酸、挥发性化合物等代谢。因此,探索何种类型、何种浓度的Zn元素能够促进调控组培斑兰叶中相关香气物质的关键性酶活性,对进一步提升斑兰叶香气品质十分重要。目前,已有研究喷施Zn、La元素对斑兰叶挥发性香气中2-AP的影响[11],而Zn、La元素对组培斑兰叶中其他挥发性物质是否有调控作用尚不明确。角鲨烯合成酶(SQS)、羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)、鲨烯环氧酶(SE)是促进角鲨烯合成代谢的关键酶,也是合成三萜类物质和植物甾醇的重要前体物质。角鲨烯合成酶(SQS)是植物次生代谢的关键酶之一,其活性决定了植物中三萜、甾醇等活性物质的产量[14]。而Zn、La元素处理是否影响角鲨烯代谢关键酶,以及是否能通过调节角鲨烯代谢关键酶来调控斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量等问题尚不明确。
因此,本研究通过分析不同浓度微量元素处理后斑兰叶组培苗的挥发性物质,探究不同浓度微量元素处理下斑兰叶组培苗挥发性香气组分及其含量,以及角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性的差异,以期寻找能调控斑兰叶组培苗香气品质的微量元素,挖掘提高斑兰叶品质的组培技术,对提升斑兰叶的香气品质具有重大意义。
角鲨烯标准品(GC≥98%)购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、硫酸锌、氯化镧、碳酸氢铵、过磷酸钙、氯化钾等购自西陇科学股份有限公司。AR2140电子天平,梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;Agilent 7890B-5977B GC-MS,美国Agilent公司;全波长扫描式多功能读数仪,美国BioTek公司。
4.4 g MS+30 g蔗糖+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,用蒸馏水定容至1 L,利用NaOH调节pH为5.8~6.2,加入2.5 g凝固胶,煮沸倒入锥形瓶,封口,置于121 ℃高压蒸汽灭菌锅,灭菌21 min。
选择经增殖培养30 d左右的斑兰叶,将基部带有少量愈伤组织,形状大小基本一致的斑兰叶丛生芽切割成单芽,接种至添加不同浓度Zn、La元素的MBN培养基中培养。培养环境为:温度(25±2)℃,光照强度2000 lx,每天光照12 h。
在培养至愈伤组织、混合物(愈伤组织开始分化出芽)、丛生芽、不定根4个生长阶段,分别称取0.2 g新鲜试样,在液氮中充分研磨,按10%加入提取液(0.1 mmol pH为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液),于4 ℃下浸提2 h,于4 ℃,3000 r/min,离心15 min,收集上清液。分别使用相应的试剂盒测定植物角鲨烯合成酶(SQS)、鲨烯环氧酶(SE)、羊毛甾醇合成酶(LSS)活性。
在MBN培养基上分别加入含不同浓度(1、2、4、8 mg/L)的Zn、La元素,Zn元素处理的编号依次为Zn1、Zn2、Zn4、Zn8,La元素处理的编号依次为La1、La2、La4、La8,以未添加微量元素培养基作空白对照(CK)。选择斑兰叶丛生芽接种至添加不同浓度Zn、La元素的MBN培养基中培养,培养环境为:温度(25±2)℃,光照强度2000 lx,每天光照12 h。
(1)酶活性测定。不同浓度微量元素处理后培养1个月,每种处理分别称取0.2 g新鲜试样,在液氮中充分研磨,按10%加入提取液(0.1 mmol pH为7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液),于4 ℃下浸提2 h,于4 ℃,3000 r/min,离心15 min,收集上清液,每种处理重复10次,之后测定各样品的LSS、SE、SQS活性。
(2)挥发性物质测定。不同浓度微量元素处理后培养1个月,使用无水乙醇擦净斑兰叶,称取4 g斑兰叶,剪碎放入离心管,加入12 mL无水乙醇使叶片浸没,每个处理重复3次。在50 ℃、400 W、40 kHZ超声60 min,取上清液,加入含有5 g无水硫酸钠的离心管中,吸除多余水分。用5 mL针头吸取液体,通过0.22 μm有机相针式滤器(尼龙)过滤后加入进样瓶中,盖上盖子,待测。
GC-MS检测。色谱柱为DB-WAX(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)弹性石英毛细管柱,载气为高纯氦气(99.999%),载气流速为1 mL/min,不分流进样,进样口温度为250 ℃,接口温度为250 ℃。升温程序:柱子初始温度为50 ℃,保持2 min,以5 ℃/min升温至100 ℃,再以6 ℃/min升温至250 ℃,保持5 min,进样量5 μL。质谱条件:离子源为EI,电压70 eV;离子源温度为230 ℃;四级杆温度为150 ℃,进样口温度为250 ℃,扫描质量范围为30~450 amu。
采用Microsoft Excel软件计算性状数据的标准差、平均值等,并进行归类和分析,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行方差分析,采用Origin 2019软件作图,采用SIMCA 14.1软件进行OPLS-DA分析。
采用GC-MS技术对不同浓度微量元素处理后的组培斑兰叶挥发性物质进行分析,结果见表1。在不同浓度微量元素处理组与CK组培斑兰叶中共鉴定出32种挥发性物质,其中醇类8种、酯类7种、吡嗪类6种、酮类2种、酚类3种、酸类1种、呋喃酮1种、呋喃类1种、胺类1种、烯烃2种。由图1可知,不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶中检出的挥发性物质数量存在差异,Zn4、La1、La2、La4四种处理的组培斑兰叶中检出的挥发性物质较多,为30种,CK斑兰叶中检出挥发性物质27种,Zn1处理的斑兰叶中检出的挥发性物质较少,为24种,Zn8、La8处理的斑兰叶中均检出28种,Zn2处理的斑兰叶中检出26种。Zn元素处理组中,随着Zn元素浓度的增加斑兰叶中挥发性物质的数量先增后降,Zn4处理的斑兰叶中检出的挥发性物质数量较多;在La元素处理组中,La1、La2、La4处理的挥发性物质数量无差异,La8处理的挥发性物质数量较少(图1A)。从共有挥发性成分来看,不同浓度微量元素处理组与CK斑兰叶中共有挥发性物质20种,主要包括角鲨烯、叶绿醇、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、豆甾醇、亚油酸乙酯、新植二烯等。从特有挥发性成分来看,在CK中检出异丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、异戊醇、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚,而在Zn1、Zn2处理中均未检出;与CK相比,在Zn元素处理中未检出油酸乙酯,而在La元素处理中均有检出;在不同浓度微量元素处理中检出的酮类化合物主要有羟基丙酮和2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮,羟基丙酮在Zn4、La2、La4、La8处理中均检出,2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮仅在Zn1、Zn2处理中有检出;2-羟甲基呋喃在CK斑兰叶中未检出,在Zn元素处理组中均有检出,而在La元素处理组中仅在La1处理中有检出;在La元素处理组中,棕榈酸乙酯、乙酰胺在La8处理中均未检出,而在其他浓度处理下均有检出。由此说明,在不同微量元素处理组培斑兰叶中检出的挥发性物质存在一定差异,且在同种元素不同浓度处理中其挥发性物质也存在一定差异。
表1图1B可知,不同浓度微量元素处理后组培斑兰叶中的挥发性化合物组成及其含量存在明显差异。Zn元素处理的主要挥发性组分为醇类物质,随着Zn元素浓度的增加,醇类物质含量逐渐减少,Zn1处理的醇类物质含量显著较高,为(22.29±3.20)μg/g,且显著高于CK和La元素处理组。其他挥发性组分中,酯类、呋喃酮、烯烃、吡嗪类化合物含量也相对较高,且随着Zn元素浓度的增加,酯类、吡嗪类化合物含量逐渐增加,Zn8处理中含量较高,分别为(4.85±0.09)μg/g和(2.78±0.21)μg/g,其中Zn元素处理中的吡嗪类化合物含量显著高于La元素处理;在不同浓度Zn元素处理组中,Zn2处理的呋喃酮、烯烃类化合物含量较高,其呋喃酮类物质显著高于CK。CK和La元素处理的主要挥发性组分为醇类和烯烃类化合物。与CK相比,不同浓度La元素处理后醇类物质含量有所上升,其中La4处理的醇类物质含量较高,为(13.69±2.65)μg/g;与Zn元素处理组相比,La元素处理的烯烃类化合物含量显著较高,但Zn和La元素处理组的烯烃类化合物含量均低于CK,说明Zn、La元素处理后组培斑兰叶中的烯烃类化合物含量减少。
正交偏最小二乘判别法(OPLS-DA)分析是结合正交信号矫正(OSC)和PLS-DA的一种分析方法,能够将X矩阵分解成与Y相关和不相关的2类信息,可通过去除不相关的差异来筛选差异变量,广泛用于筛选挥发性化合物及代谢物的主要贡献指标[15]。采用OPLS-DA对不同浓度微量元素处理后组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质进行分析,基于不同浓度微量元素处理的挥发性物质含量建立OPLS-DA模型,不同浓度微量元素处理被有效分离(图2A),其拟合参数为R2X=0.993、R2Y=0.945、Q2=0.426,Q2>0.4说明该模型是可接受的,稳定性良好。为考察该模型的建模效果,利用置换检验分析进行200次交叉验证(图2B),R2=0.639、Q2=-1.59,Q2<0说明所建PLS-DA模型可靠[15],无过拟合的现象,可用于不同处理组的判别分析。
通过OPLS-DA分析,每个挥发性化合物可以获得1个VIP值,即变量重要性投影,VIP值表示该物质对于区分组间差异的贡献大小,在判别过程中,一般认为,VIP>1表示该变量具有重要作用,VIP值越大,说明该变量在不同处理组间的差异越显著[16]。因此,在挑选关键挥发性香气化合物时,通常认为VIP>1的挥发性化合物为该组样品的关键挥发性物质。由图3所示,7种挥发性物质的VIP>1,P<0.05,分别为角鲨烯(J2)、β-谷甾醇(A7)、豆甾醇(A8)、叶绿醇(A6)、棕榈酸乙酯(B4)、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮(H1)、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮(D2),说明这些挥发性物质在不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶间的差异具有统计学意义,可作为比较分析不同浓度微量元素处理组培斑兰叶挥发性物质的关键性指标,该结果与郭培培[17]的研究相似。
为了更加直观地展示不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶中关键挥发性物质含量的差异,分别对不同处理中的角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、叶绿醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮进行单因素差异性分析(图4)。结果显示,不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶的关键挥发性成分含量存在一定差异。与CK相比,Zn和La元素处理的角鲨烯含量均显著减少,其中Zn元素处理的角鲨烯含量最少,在La元素处理中,La2的角鲨烯含量相对较高,为(11.96±1.12)μg/g,La4中的角鲨烯含量相对较少。Zn和La元素处理均使组培斑兰叶中的角鲨烯含量减少,表明这2种微量元素对组培斑兰叶中的角鲨烯合成有抑制作用,其中Zn元素抑制作用较强,而La元素处理中La2的抑制作用相对较弱(图4A)。由图4B可知,Zn和La元素处理的组培斑兰叶中检出β-谷甾醇,而在CK中未检出,其中Zn1、Zn2处理中的β-谷甾醇含量最高,分别为(7.85±0.56)μg/g和(7.75±4.39)μg/g,而Zn4、Zn8和La元素处理的β-谷甾醇含量均较低,说明Zn和La元素处理均能使组培斑兰叶产生β-谷甾醇,其中Zn1、Zn2处理的β-谷甾醇含量较高。如图4C所示,与CK相比,Zn元素处理使组培斑兰叶中的豆甾醇含量显著增加,不同浓度Zn元素处理间的豆甾醇含量无显著变化,而La元素处理对组培斑兰叶的豆甾醇含量无显著影响。如图4D所示,La8处理的叶绿醇含量最高,Zn8次之,La8、Zn8、La1处理的叶绿醇含量显著高于CK,说明La8、Zn8、La1处理能有效增加组培斑兰叶中的叶绿醇含量。由图4E可知,La1处理的棕榈酸乙酯含量显著高于CK,在La元素处理中,随着La元素浓度的增加棕榈酸乙酯含量呈逐渐下降的趋势,其中在La8处理中未检出棕榈酸乙酯,说明La1处理可以使组培斑兰叶的棕榈酸乙酯含量增加,但浓度过高则会使棕榈酸乙酯含量下降。由图4F可知,与CK相比,Zn2、Zn4、La1处理中的3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮含量显著增加,在Zn元素处理组中,随着Zn元素浓度的增加,斑兰叶中的3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮含量呈先增后降的趋势,其中Zn2处理中的含量最高,为(4.28±0.29)μg/g,且高于所有La元素处理。由图4G可知,2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮仅在Zn1、Zn2处理中检出,且Zn2处理中的含量较高,为(1.65±0.27)μg/g,说明Zn1、Zn2处理可使组培斑兰叶产生2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮。
综上所述,Zn2处理能使组培斑兰叶中的β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮显著增加,但也使角鲨烯和叶绿醇含量显著减少;La8处理中的叶绿醇含量最高;不同浓度Zn元素处理对角鲨烯合成的抑制作用较强,La2处理的抑制作用相对较弱。
图5可知,角鲨烯相关酶活性在组培斑兰叶苗的不同生长阶段存在一定差异。随着组培斑兰叶生长阶段的变化,LSS活性先增后降,其中在混合物阶段活性较强,为(0.37±0.02)U/g;SE也在混合物阶段表现出较强的活性,其活性高于愈伤组织和不定根生长阶段,但与丛生芽阶段无显著差异;而SQS活性呈缓慢上升的变化趋势,在不定根生长阶段其活性较强,达到(0.97±0.11)U/g。由此说明,角鲨烯代谢相关酶活性在斑兰叶组培过程中是有一定变化的。
表2所示,不同浓度微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶中LSS活性无显著差异,微量元素处理的LSS活性与愈伤组织、混合物间无显著差异,而与丛生芽相比,Zn2、La1处理的LSS活性较强,分别为(0.37±0.04)U/g和(0.38±0.04)U/g,说明与其他浓度处理相比,Zn2、La1处理可增强LSS活性。Zn1处理的SE活性显著高于其他Zn元素浓度处理,并且高于愈伤组织和丛生芽,而与混合物无显著差异;在La元素处理组中,La2处理的SE活性较高,并且高于愈伤组织和丛生芽,但低于混合物,说明Zn1、La2处理对组培斑兰叶中SE活性有一定的促进作用。La8处理的SQS活性显著高于La1、La2、Zn4、Zn8,说明La8处理比La1、La2、Zn4、Zn8处理更能提高SQS活性。与混合物相比,不同浓度Zn、La元素处理组的SQS活性均无显著变化,而与愈伤组织和丛生芽相比,Zn4、Zn8、La1、La2处理的SQS活性均较低,说明Zn4、Zn8、La1、La2处理可能对组培斑兰叶的SQS活性有抑制作用。
对不同浓度Zn、La元素处理组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性进行相关性分析,由表3可知,不同浓度Zn元素处理组培斑兰叶的角鲨烯含量与LSS、SE、SQS活性均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.013、0.590、0.613;而不同浓度La元素处理组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量与LSS、SQS酶活性均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.388、-0.273,与SE酶活性呈正相关,相关系数为0.521。2种微量元素处理下的SE活性均与角鲨烯含量有较强的正相关性,说明角鲨烯含量可能是影响SE活性的因素之一,角鲨烯含量较高时SE活性对应提高并促进角鲨烯的转化代谢,反之则会使SE活性降低,由2.1.3可知,在斑兰叶组培过程中Zn和La元素均抑制了角鲨烯的合成,而适当浓度的Zn、La元素处理下SE活性虽有所提高,但存在较显著差异,可能是受到角鲨烯含量所影响。
微量元素是农作物生长发育过程中不可缺少和不可相互代替的,也是植物体内酶或辅酶的组成部分,对植物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用[18]。本研究中不同微量元素处理的组培斑兰叶挥发性物质的数量、含量均有差异,其原因可能是不同浓度Zn、La元素处理对组培斑兰叶生长发育的调节作用不同,导致挥发性物质的积累效果存在差异。Zn2处理使组培斑兰叶中的β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、棕榈酸乙酯、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(h)-吡喃-4-酮含量增加,Zn元素处理浓度过高则这些化合物含量有所下降。蔡彬彬[13]研究发现,微量元素及其含量对茶树叶片中香气物质有一定影响,茶树在缺Zn及Zn浓度过高时,叶片中所含的几种芳香族香气物质(苯甲醇等)均显著低于正常值,与本研究结果相似。杨胜竹[19]研究发现,适宜浓度的稀土元素对烤烟中香气前体物质的生成有促进作用,其中50~130 mg/L硝酸镧有利于促进烤烟生长和香气前体物质的产生。本研究中同样发现8 mg/L La元素处理能促进组培斑兰叶的叶绿醇含量升高。相关研究表明,SE是催化角鲨烯环化氧化的关键酶,也在萜类化合物合成途径上起着重要作用,本研究中不同浓度微量元素处理均使SE活性有不同程度的提高,而与CK相比,以不同浓度Zn、La元素处理下,角鲨烯为代表的烯烃类物质含量均有所下降,Zn与La元素处理增强SE活性并加速催化环化氧化角鲨烯,致使角鲨烯等烯烃类含量下降并转为萜类合成相关前体;而与Zn元素处理组相比,La元素处理的烯烃类化合物含量显著较高,这与Zn处理的酶活性显著高于La处理相符。在Zn和La元素处理下,LSS活性总体提高,而与CK相比,不同浓度Zn、La元素处理条件下,以甾醇类为代表的醇类化合物含量均有所上升,LSS以及甾醇类相关酶活性在微量元素处理下发生不同程度的提高,因此提高了相关醇类的含量,而与Zn元素处理组相比,La元素处理的甾醇类化合物含量较低,这也与Zn处理的LSS酶活性高于La处理相符。同样,SQS活性也是影响角鲨烯催化为甾醇类化合物的重要因素,因此在Zn元素处理下SQS活性有所提高,而在La处理下反而有所降低,继而导致Zn处理下的角鲨烯含量下降幅度远大于La处理,且Zn处理组甾醇类化合物含量也较高。相关酶活性导致的关键挥发性物质含量的变化符合对应种类挥发性物质的含量变化,证明Zn、La元素在斑兰叶关键挥发性物质的相关酶活性中起到重要的调控作用。以上结果均与赵欢等[20]、徐雄等[21]、金士琨[22]的研究结果相符。
本研究测定并分析了不同浓度Zn和La元素处理的组培斑兰叶中的挥发性物质含量,及其角鲨烯代谢关键酶(羊毛甾醇合成酶、鲨烯环氧酶、角鲨烯合成酶)活性。结果显示,不同浓度Zn和La元素处理的组培斑兰叶的挥发性物质的数量、含量均有差异,与CK相比,Zn和La元素处理的组培斑兰叶中挥发性物质数量和含量总体呈不同程度的增加,而烯烃类物质相对减少;Zn、La元素处理后组培斑兰叶中的角鲨烯含量明显减少,而醇类、呋喃类等物质含量整体表现为增加态势。不同浓度Zn、La元素处理的角鲨烯代谢关键酶活性测定与组培斑兰叶中角鲨烯含量的对比分析结果显示,Zn和La元素会抑制角鲨烯合成酶的活性,而适当增加Zn和La元素浓度,则会相应提高催化烯类物质转化为其他种类挥发性物质的酶活性,进而提高斑兰叶整体挥发性物质的含量和数量,从而提高斑兰叶的香气质量。由此可见,Zn、La等微量元素在提升芳香类作物的香气质量和产品品质上具有很高的应用价值。研究结果为挖掘提高斑兰叶香气品质的组培技术提供理论基础。
  • 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(322QN403)
  • 科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NTPGRC2024-014)
  • 国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005)
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2024年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.018
  • 接收时间:2023-08-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-31
  • 修回日期:2023-09-30
基金
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(322QN403)
科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NTPGRC2024-014)
国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005)
作者信息
    1.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉 430070
    2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
    3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    4.农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533

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* 吉训志(JI Xunzhi),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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