Article(id=1276598060021060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276597973173801322, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=1698595200000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294295553, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294295553, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294295553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294295553, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276597973173801322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1303', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1721836800000', pubDateStr='2024-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294274847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782294274847, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1402, endPage=1410, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276598062172738217, articleId=1276598060021060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Microelements Fertilizer Combined with Absorption Enhancer on Growth, Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rubber Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Rubber tree is important in global rubber production. In order to reveal the effects of microelement fertilizer combined with absorption enhancer on the growth of rubber tree seedlings, and lay a foundation for the innovation of microelement fertilizer application technology of rubber tree. In this study, the single application of microelement (W), the combination of absorption enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer (C1+W), and the combination of absorption enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer (C2+W) were treated with ultra-pure water as the control to investigate the effects of compound microelement fertilizer application alone or combined with absorption enhancer on the growth, dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, root development and nitrogen distribution of rubber tree seedlings and their mechanisms. The results showed that micronutrient fertilizer could increase the dry matter accumulation of roots, stems, and leaves in rubber seedlings, thereby increasing the individual fresh weight, dry weight, and dry to fresh ratio. Among them, C2+W increased the fresh and dry weight of plants by 4.18 and 5.89 times, which is much greater than those of C1+W and W. The accumulation of dry matter in rubber seedlings by microelements fertilizers was positively correlated with root length, root surface area, and root volume, and with chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate of rubber seedlings. The root development and photosynthesis were positively correlated with nitrogen accumulation in various organs of crops, soluble protein content, nitrate reductase activity (NR), glutamine synthase activity (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase activity (GDH) in leaves. Notably, the single application of microelements fertilizer had no significant effect on NR activity, indicating that W had a weak effect on nitrogen assimilation in the reduction of nitric acid to nitrite. Significantly, the single application of microelements fertilizer (W) had no significant effect on NR activity, indicating that microelements fertilizer had a weak effect on nitrogen assimilation in the reduction of nitric acid to nitrite. In summary, microelements fertilizers and absorption enhancer enhance the connection between C assimilation and N metabolism processes in rubber seedlings, promote the growth and development of rubber seedlings. Considering the wide and thick leaves of rubber, tight cells, and thick stratum corneum, subsequent research should continue to screen more suitable absorption enhancer and optimize the combination with microelements.

, authors=null, authorsList=Changqi REN, Yongfa ZHANG, Xuehua LUO, Xinxin XUE, Chunmei ZHAO, Wenbin WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenbin WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276598068082512563, articleId=1276598060021060263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长以及光合作用和氮代谢的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

橡胶树是全球重要的热带、亚热带经济林。为揭示微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长的影响,以期为橡胶树微肥施用技术创新奠定基础。本研究以单施微肥(W)、促吸收剂配方1与微肥配施(C1+W)、促吸收剂配方2与微肥配施(C2+W)为处理,探讨微肥单施或与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长、干物质累积、光合作用、根系发育和氮素分配等影响及作用机制。结果显示:微肥能提高橡胶树幼苗根、茎、叶的干物质累积,进而提升其单株鲜重、干重、干鲜比。其中,C2+W处理可使植株鲜重和干重增加4.18倍和5.89倍,远大于C1+W和W处理。同时,微肥对橡胶树幼苗的干物质累积量与根长、根表面积、根体积呈正相关,也与橡胶树幼苗的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)呈正相关。根系发育和光合作用与植株各器官氮积累量、叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性呈正相关。单施微肥对NR活性影响不显著,表明W处理对硝酸还原成亚硝酸的氮同化作用微弱。总而言之,微肥与促吸收剂配施强化了橡胶树幼苗的C同化和N代谢过程的联系,共同促进了橡胶树幼苗的生长发育。考虑到橡胶树叶片宽厚、细胞紧密、角质层厚,后续研究应继续筛选更合适的促吸收剂,并优化其与微肥的搭配。

, authors=

任常琦(1991—),女,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向:土壤养分管理。

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* 王文斌(WANG Wenbin),E-mail:
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任常琦(1991—),女,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向:土壤养分管理。

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任常琦(1991—),女,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向:土壤养分管理。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient uptake and distribution by rubber seedlings under different fertilization treatments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176471921435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=8, pageStart=1533, pageEnd=1542, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=陈晨, 陈雪琼, 陈月珍, 冯顾城, 束胜, 王俐翔, 陶建平, 谭国飞, 陈姝妍, 刘佩卓, 王雅慧, 熊爱生, journalName=植物生理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈晨, 陈雪琼, 陈月珍, 冯顾城, 束胜, 王俐翔, 陶建平, 谭国飞, 陈姝妍, 刘佩卓, 王雅慧, 熊爱生. 叶面施氮对芹菜叶绿素含量及代谢有关基因表达的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 2023, 59(8): 1533-1542., articleTitle=叶面施氮对芹菜叶绿素含量及代谢有关基因表达的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176534835996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=59, issue=8, pageStart=1533, pageEnd=1542, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=CHEN C, CHEN X Q, CHEN Y Z, FENG G C, SHU S, WANG L X, TAO J P, TAN G F, CHEN S Y, LIU P Z, WANG Y H, XIONG A S, journalName=Plant Physiology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN C, CHEN X Q, CHEN Y Z, FENG G C, SHU S, WANG L X, TAO J P, TAN G F, CHEN S Y, LIU P Z, WANG Y H, XIONG A S. Effects of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content andexpression of metabolism-related genes in celery[J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2023, 59(8): 1533-1542. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content andexpression of metabolism-related genes in celery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176593556253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=1649, pageEnd=1658, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=易琼, 李国良, 黄旭, 向旭, 唐拴虎, 黄巧义, 张木, journalName=果树学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易琼, 李国良, 黄旭, 向旭, 唐拴虎, 黄巧义, 张木. 配施中微肥对荔枝产量、品质及养分吸收累积的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2022, 39(9): 1649-1658., articleTitle=配施中微肥对荔枝产量、品质及养分吸收累积的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176656470814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=1649, pageEnd=1658, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=44, authorNames=YI Q, LI G L, HUANG X, XIANG X, TANG S H, HUANG Q Y, ZHANG M, journalName=Journal of Fruit Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI Q, LI G L, HUANG X, XIANG X, TANG S H, HUANG Q Y, ZHANG M. Lychee yield, quality and nutrient uptake and accumulation as affected by application of medium and microfertilizers[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2022, 39(9): 1649-1658. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Lychee yield, quality and nutrient uptake and accumulation as affected by application of medium and microfertilizers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176727773983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=856, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=JI Y H, YUE L, CAO X S, CHEN F R, LI J, ZHANG J S, WANG C X, WANG Z Y, XING B S, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Y H, YUE L, CAO X S, CHEN F R, LI J, ZHANG J S, WANG C X, WANG Z Y, XING B S. Carbon dots promoted soybean photosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis under drought stress: reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitrogen metabolism[J]. Science of the Total Environment. 2023, 856: 159125., articleTitle=Carbon dots promoted soybean photosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis under drought stress: reactive oxygen species scavenging and nitrogen metabolism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176790688544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=502, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=46, authorNames=QIN J, YUE X L, FANG S Z, QIAN M Y, ZHOU S T, SHANG X L, YANG W X, journalName=Forest Ecology and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN J, YUE X L, FANG S Z, QIAN M Y, ZHOU S T, SHANG X L, YANG W X. Responses of nitrogen metabolism, photosynthetic parameter and growth to nitrogen fertilization in Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2021, 502: 119715., articleTitle=Responses of nitrogen metabolism, photosynthetic parameter and growth to nitrogen fertilization in Cyclocarya paliurus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176857797409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=17, pageStart=82, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=47, authorNames=徐洪超, 逄洪波, 王兰兰, 李雪梅, 马莲菊, 张飞, 李玥莹, journalName=江苏农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐洪超, 逄洪波, 王兰兰, 李雪梅, 马莲菊, 张飞, 李玥莹. 高粱净光合速率和氮代谢关键酶活性对施氮量的响应及相关性分析[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(17): 82-89., articleTitle=高粱净光合速率和氮代谢关键酶活性对施氮量的响应及相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176920711970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=17, pageStart=82, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=48, authorNames=XU H C, PANG H B, WANG L L, LI X M, MA L J, ZHANG F, LI Y Y, journalName=Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU H C, PANG H B, WANG L L, LI X M, MA L J, ZHANG F, LI Y Y. Responses of sorghum net photosynthetic rate and key enzyme activity in nitrogen metabolism to nitrogen application rate and correlation analysis[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 50(17): 82-89. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Responses of sorghum net photosynthetic rate and key enzyme activity in nitrogen metabolism to nitrogen application rate and correlation analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610176983626531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=12, pageStart=2510, pageEnd=2518, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=49, authorNames=丁凯鑫, 冯乃杰, 郑殿峰, 单莹, 王立春, 田国奎, 王海艳, 李凤云, journalName=核农学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁凯鑫, 冯乃杰, 郑殿峰, 单莹, 王立春, 田国奎, 王海艳, 李凤云. 植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期光合特性及氮代谢的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2022, 36(12): 2510-2518., articleTitle=植物生长调节剂对赤豆鼓粒期光合特性及氮代谢的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276610177046541092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=12, pageStart=2510, pageEnd=2518, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=DING K X, FENG N J, ZHENG D F, SHAN Y, WANG L C, TIAN G K, WANG H Y, LI F Y, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Agronomy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING K X, FENG N J, ZHENG D F, SHAN Y, WANG L C, TIAN G K, WANG H Y, LI F Y. Effects of plant growth regulators on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of adzuki bean during Seed filling stage[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agronomy, 2022, 36(12): 2510-2518. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of plant growth regulators on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism of adzuki bean during Seed filling stage, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276610171858186992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, awardId=421QN337; 323RC528, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(421QN337; 323RC528), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276610171933684465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, awardId=2020YFD1001200, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001200), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276610158293807783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276610158302196392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, companyId=1276610158293807783, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Soil and Fertilizer Research Center, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276610158310585001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, companyId=1276610158293807783, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/土壤肥料研究中心,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276610158398665386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276610158407053995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, companyId=1276610158398665386, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276610158419636908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, companyId=1276610158398665386, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276610170385986270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of different leaf fertilizer on soluble protein of rubber seedling leaves

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=8abnMKtD0JUdlYa+MYbA0w==, figureFileBig=dBFVnufPSyYgmefyNDV8PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170457289439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同叶面肥对橡胶苗叶片SP含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8abnMKtD0JUdlYa+MYbA0w==, figureFileBig=dBFVnufPSyYgmefyNDV8PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170566341344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different leaf fertilizers on leaf nitrogen metabolism related enzymes activity of rubber seedlings

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=FrPJ4yB5+vyusTnGAveyFw==, figureFileBig=iYB1s6ky5UaQc4x62ZwouA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170637644513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同叶面肥对橡胶树幼苗叶片氮代谢相关酶活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FrPJ4yB5+vyusTnGAveyFw==, figureFileBig=iYB1s6ky5UaQc4x62ZwouA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170704753378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation analysis of dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in rubber seedlings

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=84baurF1kWd+oV9dRquGSQ==, figureFileBig=JoNrBO5UDQJLl0B6KhON/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170767667939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=图3, caption=橡胶树幼苗植株干物质累积、光合作用、氮代谢的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=84baurF1kWd+oV9dRquGSQ==, figureFileBig=JoNrBO5UDQJLl0B6KhON/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276610170830582500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizer on dry matter accumulation of per rubber seedling plant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment鲜重Fresh weight/g干重Dry weight/g干鲜比Dry/fresh
CK12.90±0.82d3.93±0.14d0.30±0.01b
W44.92±0.80c13.89±1.18c0.31±0.02b
C1+W55.55±5.83b17.70±0.97b0.32±0.02ab
C2+W75.67±1.10a25.73±0.48a0.34±0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610170897691365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗植株单株干物质积累的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment鲜重Fresh weight/g干重Dry weight/g干鲜比Dry/fresh
CK12.90±0.82d3.93±0.14d0.30±0.01b
W44.92±0.80c13.89±1.18c0.31±0.02b
C1+W55.55±5.83b17.70±0.97b0.32±0.02ab
C2+W75.67±1.10a25.73±0.48a0.34±0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610170960605926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizer on dry matter accumulation in different parts of rubber seedling

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment干鲜比Dry/fresh
根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK0.26±0.01c0.43±0.02b0.17±0.00b
W0.28±0.00b0.41±0.04b0.19±0.00a
C1+W0.31±0.03a0.63±0.10a0.18±0.01b
C2+W0.31±0.01a0.70±0.04a0.19±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171015131879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗植株各部位干物质积累的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment干鲜比Dry/fresh
根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK0.26±0.01c0.43±0.02b0.17±0.00b
W0.28±0.00b0.41±0.04b0.19±0.00a
C1+W0.31±0.03a0.63±0.10a0.18±0.01b
C2+W0.31±0.01a0.70±0.04a0.19±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171078046440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizer on root indexes of rubber seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根长Root length/cm根表面积Root surface area/cm2总根体积Total root volume/cm3平均根系直径Average root diameter/mm根尖数Root tip number分叉数Bifurcation number
CK472.14±94.88d153.71±44.25d8.84±3.80c0.98±0.09b549±56c1175±47d
W1422.37±8.77c473.05±6.79c31.89±19.10b1.02±0.17b855±18ab5025±140c
C1+W1778.36±44.34b620.31±22.40b45.48±7.55b1.01±0.14b917±13a5990±136b
C2+W2167.12±76.81a941.24±49.54a77.45±7.95a1.26±0.03a791±16b6401±49a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171136766697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗根系指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根长Root length/cm根表面积Root surface area/cm2总根体积Total root volume/cm3平均根系直径Average root diameter/mm根尖数Root tip number分叉数Bifurcation number
CK472.14±94.88d153.71±44.25d8.84±3.80c0.98±0.09b549±56c1175±47d
W1422.37±8.77c473.05±6.79c31.89±19.10b1.02±0.17b855±18ab5025±140c
C1+W1778.36±44.34b620.31±22.40b45.48±7.55b1.01±0.14b917±13a5990±136b
C2+W2167.12±76.81a941.24±49.54a77.45±7.95a1.26±0.03a791±16b6401±49a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171203875562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizer on leaf chlorophyll content of rubber seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶绿素a Chl a叶绿素b Chl b叶绿素总量Total chl
CK1.65±0.09c0.57±0.04d2.22±0.13c
W2.22±0.07b0.81±0.01c3.04±0.06b
C1+W2.38±0.03ab0.90±0.04b3.29±0.01b
C2+W2.55±0.10a1.02±0.03a3.57±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171270984427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗叶片叶绿素含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶绿素a Chl a叶绿素b Chl b叶绿素总量Total chl
CK1.65±0.09c0.57±0.04d2.22±0.13c
W2.22±0.07b0.81±0.01c3.04±0.06b
C1+W2.38±0.03ab0.90±0.04b3.29±0.01b
C2+W2.55±0.10a1.02±0.03a3.57±0.12a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171346481900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics of rubber seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment蒸腾速度Tr/(mmol·kg–1·s–1)净光合速度Pn/(µmol·kg–1·s–1)
CK0.015±0.0001d0.205±0.003d
W0.094±0.0001c0.430±0.004c
C1+W0.178±0.0004b0.915±0.001b
C2+W0.257±0.0022a0.995±0.001a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171409396461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗光合特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment蒸腾速度Tr/(mmol·kg–1·s–1)净光合速度Pn/(µmol·kg–1·s–1)
CK0.015±0.0001d0.205±0.003d
W0.094±0.0001c0.430±0.004c
C1+W0.178±0.0004b0.915±0.001b
C2+W0.257±0.0022a0.995±0.001a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171484893934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Effects of different leaf fertilizers on total nitrogen content in each part of rubber seedlings

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处理Treatment全氮含量Total nitrogen content
根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK12.81±2.43b11.31±1.07c26.12±2.61b
W17.23±0.18a16.84±0.10b34.32±0.75a
C1+W17.77±0.05a17.04±0.20b35.31±0.13a
C2+W18.09±0.94a21.06±0.28a36.52±0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1276610171568780015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598060021060263, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同叶面肥对橡胶苗各部位全氮含量的影响

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根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK12.81±2.43b11.31±1.07c26.12±2.61b
W17.23±0.18a16.84±0.10b34.32±0.75a
C1+W17.77±0.05a17.04±0.20b35.31±0.13a
C2+W18.09±0.94a21.06±0.28a36.52±0.25a
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微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长以及光合作用和氮代谢的影响
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任常琦 1, 2 , 张永发 1, 2 , 罗雪华 1, 2 , 薛欣欣 1, 2 , 赵春梅 1, 2 , 王文斌 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(7): 1402-1410
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (7) : 1402 -1410
微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长以及光合作用和氮代谢的影响
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任常琦1, 2, 张永发1, 2, 罗雪华1, 2, 薛欣欣1, 2, 赵春梅1, 2, 王文斌1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/土壤肥料研究中心,海南海口 571101
  • 2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 王文斌(WANG Wenbin),E-mail:
Effects of Microelements Fertilizer Combined with Absorption Enhancer on Growth, Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rubber Seedlings
Changqi REN1, 2, Yongfa ZHANG1, 2, Xuehua LUO1, 2, Xinxin XUE1, 2, Chunmei ZHAO1, 2, Wenbin WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Soil and Fertilizer Research Center, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.013
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橡胶树是全球重要的热带、亚热带经济林。为揭示微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长的影响,以期为橡胶树微肥施用技术创新奠定基础。本研究以单施微肥(W)、促吸收剂配方1与微肥配施(C1+W)、促吸收剂配方2与微肥配施(C2+W)为处理,探讨微肥单施或与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长、干物质累积、光合作用、根系发育和氮素分配等影响及作用机制。结果显示:微肥能提高橡胶树幼苗根、茎、叶的干物质累积,进而提升其单株鲜重、干重、干鲜比。其中,C2+W处理可使植株鲜重和干重增加4.18倍和5.89倍,远大于C1+W和W处理。同时,微肥对橡胶树幼苗的干物质累积量与根长、根表面积、根体积呈正相关,也与橡胶树幼苗的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)呈正相关。根系发育和光合作用与植株各器官氮积累量、叶片可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性呈正相关。单施微肥对NR活性影响不显著,表明W处理对硝酸还原成亚硝酸的氮同化作用微弱。总而言之,微肥与促吸收剂配施强化了橡胶树幼苗的C同化和N代谢过程的联系,共同促进了橡胶树幼苗的生长发育。考虑到橡胶树叶片宽厚、细胞紧密、角质层厚,后续研究应继续筛选更合适的促吸收剂,并优化其与微肥的搭配。

橡胶树幼苗  /  微肥  /  促吸收剂  /  根系发育  /  光合作用  /  氮代谢

Rubber tree is important in global rubber production. In order to reveal the effects of microelement fertilizer combined with absorption enhancer on the growth of rubber tree seedlings, and lay a foundation for the innovation of microelement fertilizer application technology of rubber tree. In this study, the single application of microelement (W), the combination of absorption enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer (C1+W), and the combination of absorption enhancer formula 1 and microelement fertilizer (C2+W) were treated with ultra-pure water as the control to investigate the effects of compound microelement fertilizer application alone or combined with absorption enhancer on the growth, dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, root development and nitrogen distribution of rubber tree seedlings and their mechanisms. The results showed that micronutrient fertilizer could increase the dry matter accumulation of roots, stems, and leaves in rubber seedlings, thereby increasing the individual fresh weight, dry weight, and dry to fresh ratio. Among them, C2+W increased the fresh and dry weight of plants by 4.18 and 5.89 times, which is much greater than those of C1+W and W. The accumulation of dry matter in rubber seedlings by microelements fertilizers was positively correlated with root length, root surface area, and root volume, and with chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and net photosynthetic rate of rubber seedlings. The root development and photosynthesis were positively correlated with nitrogen accumulation in various organs of crops, soluble protein content, nitrate reductase activity (NR), glutamine synthase activity (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase activity (GDH) in leaves. Notably, the single application of microelements fertilizer had no significant effect on NR activity, indicating that W had a weak effect on nitrogen assimilation in the reduction of nitric acid to nitrite. Significantly, the single application of microelements fertilizer (W) had no significant effect on NR activity, indicating that microelements fertilizer had a weak effect on nitrogen assimilation in the reduction of nitric acid to nitrite. In summary, microelements fertilizers and absorption enhancer enhance the connection between C assimilation and N metabolism processes in rubber seedlings, promote the growth and development of rubber seedlings. Considering the wide and thick leaves of rubber, tight cells, and thick stratum corneum, subsequent research should continue to screen more suitable absorption enhancer and optimize the combination with microelements.

rubber seedlings  /  microelements fertilizer  /  absorption enhancer  /  root development  /  photosynthesis  /  nitrogen metabolism
任常琦, 张永发, 罗雪华, 薛欣欣, 赵春梅, 王文斌. 微肥与促吸收剂配施对橡胶树幼苗生长以及光合作用和氮代谢的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1402 -1410 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.013
Changqi REN, Yongfa ZHANG, Xuehua LUO, Xinxin XUE, Chunmei ZHAO, Wenbin WANG. Effects of Microelements Fertilizer Combined with Absorption Enhancer on Growth, Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Rubber Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1402 -1410 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.013
橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是热带、亚热带地区种植面积大、经济效益好的一种乔木,广泛种植于全球40多个国家和地区[1-2]。我国植胶区主要分布在海南省、云南省西双版纳、广东省粤西等地区,面积达116.1万hm2,位居世界第三[3]。天然橡胶是橡胶树体内合成的一种以顺-1,4-聚异戊二烯为主要成分的天然高分子化合物[4]。长期以来,天然橡胶由于其优异的耐磨、耐酸碱、耐热等性能,被广泛应用于航天、军工、民用领域,对社会经济发展与国防建设起着至关重要的作用[3-5]。因此,我国高度重视橡胶树的种植和天然橡胶生产。
施肥是维持橡胶树稳产高产的重要举措[3]。研究发现,合理施用氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥可促进橡胶树快速生长、提高产胶能力[6-7]。尤其是氮肥,可影响橡胶树器官的分化、形成及建造。然而,少有研究揭示硼(B)、锌(Zn)、钼(Mo)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)等微量元素肥料(微肥)对橡胶树生长的影响[8]。事实上,微肥对植物的生长发育与大量元素肥料同等重要。如Fe是合成叶绿素的必需元素,直接影响光合作用和生物量合成[9];Mn是维持叶绿体结构的必需微量元素,在叶绿体中可与蛋白质结合形成酶蛋白,参与光合作用、调控植物氮代谢过程[8-9]。因此,微肥在农业生产中被广泛使用。目前,由于微肥易被土壤固定而影响有效性,其大多采用叶面喷施方式[10]。微肥的肥效还与叶片性质相关。鉴于橡胶树叶片宽厚、细胞排列紧密、角质层厚的特点[11],微肥在橡胶树的种植应用中,应充分考虑与促吸收剂(如辛基葡糖苷、甘露醇等)联合施用,以提高微肥叶面穿透性和养分利用效率。然而,迄今为止,未有相关报道。
微肥的使用,不但可增强作物微量元素的营养水平,对大量元素的吸收利用也有促进作用,尤其是N[10,12]。研究表明,微肥叶面喷施能显著提高作物的硝酸还原酶,谷氨酰胺合成酶等N代谢相关酶活性,增加N吸收[13]。然而,少有研究揭示微肥施用下,作物生长、光合作用与N代谢过程的耦合演变关系。事实上,N是叶绿素和光合作用酶的组成元素。光合作用和N代谢在作物中相互依存;N代谢需光合作用产生三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH);光合作用也需N作为原料支撑,并直接影响光合色素和电子传递链的活性[14-16]。综上所述,本研究分别探析叶面微肥或配施促吸收剂对橡胶树幼苗生长和光合作用的影响,进一步结合作物氮的分配特征、营养水平、酶代谢活性,揭示微肥对橡胶树幼苗生长的增效机制。
试验于2022年3—6月在位于海南省儋州市的中国热带农业科学院试验场九队基地进行。供试橡胶品种为热研7-33-97,试验选取生长势一致的两蓬叶橡胶组培苗为试验材料。
试验共设置4个处理:①空白对照,CK(超纯水);②微肥,W(浓度为B 0.2%,Fe 0.1%,Zn 0.1%,Mn 0.1%、Mo 0.05%);③促吸收剂1+微肥,C1+W(促吸收剂1,2%辛基葡糖苷+1%月桂酸己酯);④促吸收剂2+微肥,C2+W(促吸收剂2,2%甘露醇+1%醋酸酯淀粉)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复6棵橡胶苗。所选的微肥W、促吸收剂C1、促吸收剂C2均为市售较为广泛,或被证明在其他方面应用可行的肥料产品。橡胶苗采用水培方式种植,培养试验容器为体积43 L(52.5 cm×36 cm×23 cm)的塑料箱,在箱上放置隔板,每箱为1个重复。先用1/2浓度Hoagland营养液预培养20 d后,再换为完全营养液培养40 d,随后进行喷施试验。试验过程中根据箱中水位变化及时补充蒸馏水。培养过程中保持培养液pH为6,每隔10 min用通气泵通气5 min,每10 d更换1次营养液。各处理的喷施方法一致,均是培养60 d后开始喷施,每隔10 d于16:00进行一次等量叶面肥喷施,试验期内共喷施3次,均在橡胶树幼苗叶面及叶背喷施等量各处理液。
采用称重法测定橡胶苗根、茎、叶鲜重,105 ℃杀青后,80 ℃烘干,称量干重,计算干鲜比。叶绿素含量采用改良Arnon法[17]测定。净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)测定过程中全程使用自然光,选择橡胶苗向阳面自上而下第3叶蓬中部叶片,每株选择3片健康功能叶进行测定,采用美国LI-COR公司LI-6800型光合仪于上午9:00—11:00测定。由仪器的监控装置、可调光源和内置式CO2供气系统调控叶温为(25±1)℃,人工光源的光合有效辐射为1200 μmol/(m2·s),CO2浓度为400 μmol/mol,数据稳定后读数,重复3次。根系发育指标采用万深LA-S根系分析仪测定分析。采用离体法测定叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性[14,17]
利用SPSS 24.0软件ANOVA过程进行方差分析,运用Duncan检验法检验不同处理各指标的差异显著性;采用CORR过程作一元线性相关性分析。
表1可知,喷施叶面肥对橡胶苗单株鲜重、干重有显著影响。对于单株鲜重和干重,其含量表现为:C2+W>C1+W>W>CK。对于植株干鲜比,其最大值出现在C2+W;W、C1+W、CK之间无显著差异。说明微肥能增加传统施肥的肥效,尤其是与促吸收剂配施,但作用效应取决于促吸收剂的类型。促吸收剂C2对橡胶树幼苗的干物质积累效应优于C1
叶面肥对橡胶树幼苗根、茎、叶干鲜比的影响如表2所示,根干鲜比最大值出现在C1+W和C2+W处理,其次是W处理,CK的值最低。茎干鲜比的情况与根干鲜比相似,不同的是CK和W无显著差异。叶干鲜比则表现为:C2+W≈W>C1+W≈CK。表明促吸收剂配施,尤其是C2,对橡胶苗干物质的积累效应整体上优于单施微肥,而且累积的部位主要发生于根部和茎部。
根是植物养分吸收和生长发育的重要器官。由表3可知,与CK相比,微肥施用,尤其是与促吸收剂配施,显著增加了橡胶幼苗的根长、根表面积、总根体积、根尖数和分叉数(P<0.05)。表明微肥可促进橡胶树幼苗根系发育,且微肥与促吸收剂配施的效应优于微肥单施。此外,C2+W的促进作用大于C1+W,表明促吸收剂C2与微肥搭配使用对根系发育的促进效果更佳。
叶绿素是植物光合作用的催化剂,是作物生长诊断的重要参数。由表4可知,与CK相比,微肥单施或与促吸收剂配施可提高橡胶苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量的含量。其中,叶绿素b含量表现为:C2+W>C1+W>W,表明微肥与促吸收剂C2配施更有利于2种叶绿素的合成。C1+W和W的叶绿素a和叶绿素总量无显著差异,表明微肥单施或与促吸收剂C1配施对光合色素的促进作用仅限于叶绿素b。
光合作用是植物利用光能将二氧化碳和水合成转化为有机物的过程。通常光合速率越高,越有利于植物有机物的合成与积累。由表5可知,不同施肥处理下的TrPn表现为:C2+W>C1+W>W>CK。表明微肥施用,尤其是与促吸收剂配施,可显著提高橡胶苗叶片的TrPn,进而促进橡胶树幼苗的光合作用与有机物合成。其中,C2的效果优于C1,表明促吸收剂对光合作用的增效与其化学组成有关。因此C2可能更适合作为橡胶幼苗光合作用提升的促吸收剂。
微肥对橡胶树幼苗各部位全氮的累积也有一定的影响。如表6所示,对于叶全氮,其含量表现为:C2+W>C1+W>W>CK。这表明微肥施用,尤其是与促吸收剂配施,可显著提高幼苗叶片全氮的累积。其中又以C2的效果最佳。然而,对于根全氮和叶全氮,虽然其在W、C1+W、C2+W的含量均大于CK,但各施肥处理间无显著差异。表明微肥对各部位全氮的累积均有积极作用,但促吸收剂仅对叶片全氮累积有积极作用。
SP是植物中重要的渗透调节物质和营养物质,由图1可知,C2+W、C1+W、W的SP含量均大于CK。表明微肥单施或与促吸收剂配施均可提高橡胶树幼苗叶片中SP含量,进而提升植物细胞的保水能力。然而,C2+W、C1+W与W的SP含量无显著差异,表明促吸收剂不能提高微肥对橡胶幼苗SP的增效作用。
微肥对橡胶树幼苗叶片氮代谢酶活性也有一定影响。如图2所示,对于谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH),其活性为:C2+W>C1+W>W>CK,表明微肥施用,尤其是与促吸收剂配施,能显著提高橡胶幼苗的GDH活性。这将有利于植物体内的谷氨酸催化脱氢,促进NH3进入氮代谢循环,提高氮素利用率。其中,又以与促吸收剂C2配施效果最佳。相似的结果也出现在谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和硝酸还原酶(NR)中,微肥与促吸收剂配施可显著提高GS和NR活性,利于植物中的无机态氮同化有机态氮。但W与CK的NR活性无显著差异。表明单施微肥不能提高NR活性,需与促吸收剂配施。此外,C2+W与C1+W的GS活性无显著差异,表明2种促吸收剂对GS活性具有同等的增效作用。
为揭示微肥对橡胶树幼苗生长的作用机制,对作物的干物质累积、光合作用特征进行相关性分析,结果见图3,微肥施用下,橡胶的单株鲜重、干重、干鲜比等指标与根长、根表面积、总根体积等指标呈正相关,也与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素等光合色素指标呈正相关。这表明微肥对橡胶树幼苗生长的促进作用与其对根系发育、光合作用的强化有关。考虑到施肥还可通过影响N代谢而影响作物的根系发育和光合作用,对相关指标也进行了相关性分析。结果显示,橡胶树幼苗的根/茎/叶N含量、可溶性蛋白含量、GR、GDH活性与根长、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量等指标呈正相关。GS活性、NR活性与蒸腾速率、净光合速率、根长、根表面积、总根体积呈正相关。以上结果表明,微肥对橡胶树幼苗的根系发育、光合作用的促进作用与其对微肥氮代谢的强化作用密切相关。此外,研究还发现,橡胶幼苗各部位的N含量均与根长呈正相关,仅其茎的N累积量与根表面积、总根体积呈正相关。
本研究发现,施用微量元素叶面肥(微肥)能显著提高橡胶树幼苗的单株鲜重和干重。这表明微肥可促进橡胶树幼苗生长,增加其干物质合成与累积。与本研究结果一致,其他研究也发现,微肥能不同程度提高冬枣叶片微量元素Se、B、Zn,以及大量元素N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量,进而促进冬枣叶片生长[18];叶面喷施中低浓度Fe微肥后,可增强玉竹叶片的光合性能,并通过增加玉竹新生块茎的重量和直径来提高产量[19]。本研究还发现微肥与促吸收剂配施的肥效远优于微肥单施。这表明促吸收剂配施可克服橡胶树叶片细胞排列紧密、腊质/角质层厚,微肥穿透能力差的特点,提高微肥肥力[11]。其中,C2的效果优于C1,又表明促吸收剂对微肥的增效取决于其类型和化学组成。C2(甘露醇+醋酸酯淀粉)可能比C1(辛基葡糖苷+月桂酸己酯)更适用于在橡胶树种植中与叶面肥配施。这可能与醋酸酯淀粉的增稠作用有关,使甘露醇和微量养分更好附着于叶片表面,延长养分叶面停留时间,从而促进叶片对养分的吸收和利用[20]
根系发育也是影响微肥对橡胶树生物量累积的一个重要因素。众所周知,根是植物的重要营养器官,负责水分、无机盐及可溶性小分子有机质等的吸收[7,12]。根系越发达,植株对养分的吸收能力越强[21]。目前,微量元素已被证实可促进碳水化合物运输和根系发育,提高作物产量和抗逆性[8,19]。本研究也发现微肥可显著促进橡胶树幼苗的根系发育,并与作物干物质累积呈正相关。然而,与过去根系发育对叶片养分分配和生物量累积的作用特征不同[22],本研究发现微肥对根和茎的干物质累积效应大于叶。鉴于橡胶树采胶行为通常发生于树茎,微肥施用下这种生物量积累特征可能有利于提高天然橡胶产量。作物的生物量累积还与植物的光合作用直接相关。本研究发现,微肥施用后,橡胶树幼苗叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、净光合速率显著增加,且与作物的单株鲜重、干重、干鲜比呈正相关关系,表明微肥可通过提高作物对光能的捕获及转化能力进而促进作物生长[7,14-15]。其中,C2+W处理对叶绿素b含量的增加作用更强,又表明促吸收剂C2还可通过促进作物对光的吸收而增强其光合能力[23]。因此,微肥对橡胶树幼苗的促生作用主要包括2点:一是促进根系发育,提高养分利用效率;二是强化光合作用,提高碳水化合物的合成速率。
微肥对作物根系发育和光合速率的影响可能与其对N代谢的作用有关[12-15]。N不但是根系细胞的重要组成元素,更是合成叶绿素和光合作用酶的重要元素。大量的研究结果表明,微肥对作物氮代谢有积极影响。如易琼等[24]研究表明施用微肥能促进荔枝树体对N的吸收,并将其部分转运累积于叶片中,并提高了土壤磷、钾的有效性。张运红等[12]研究发现,微肥能促进花生对N的吸收,提高其在叶片和花生仁中的比例。然而,少有研究揭示作物生长特征、光合作用与N代谢的关联。这不利于对微肥影响作物生长机制的深入理解。本研究发现,微肥能显著提高橡胶树幼苗N吸收和转移,促进N的同化。这些过程与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量等呈正相关,初步证实了微肥可通过促进橡胶树幼苗根系对N的代谢利用,提高光合色素合成。然而,仅GS、NR活性与蒸腾速率、净光合速率、根长、总根体积等呈正相关,表明微肥对橡胶苗净光合速率和根系发育的增强作用更多与氨转化成谷氨酰胺、谷氨酰胺再转变成谷氨酸等N代谢过程有关[14,16,25]。众所周知,进入植物体内的硝态氮须经还原成氨后,方能转化成有机N化合物。GS、GDH是其关键N同化酶[25-26]。光合作用需N作为原料支撑,并直接影响其光合色素和电子传递链的活性[14,27-28]。本研究中,各施肥处理均提高GS、GDH活性也体现了这一点。然而,与微肥单施不同,微肥与促吸收剂配施也显著提高了NR活性,尤其是促吸收剂C2。表明促吸收剂配施还通过提高硝酸还原成亚硝酸的过程,强化了N同化过程。这是作物N同化的第一步,也是最关键的限速步骤[14]。由此可见,促吸收剂配施对提高橡胶树幼苗N代谢速率、增强光合作用,促进作物生长至关重要。
市场上典型微肥单独施用或配施促吸收剂改善了橡胶树幼苗的根系发育和光合特性,促进了橡胶树幼苗的生长和干物质累积,配施促吸收剂效果优于单独施用微肥,其中,微肥与促吸收剂C2(甘露醇+醋酸酯淀粉)配施的促进效果最为显著。同时,研究还发现,橡胶树幼苗的干物质累积量与根长、根表面积、根体积、叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、净光合速率呈正相关,并且根系发育、光合作用与作物各器官N累积量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、NR活性、GR活性、GDH活性呈正相关,这说明微肥对橡胶树幼苗的促生作用机理主要包括3点:(1)促进根系发育,提高养分利用效率;(2)强化光合作用,提高碳水化合物的合成速率;(3)强化橡胶树幼苗的C同化和N代谢过程的联系。因此,配施促吸收剂是橡胶树幼苗种植过程中微肥叶面施用的必要措施。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(421QN337; 323RC528)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001200)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.013
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
  • 修回日期:2023-10-30
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(421QN337; 323RC528)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001200)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/土壤肥料研究中心,海南海口 571101
    2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测站,海南儋州 571737

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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