Article(id=1276601115949003671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688486400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-05, revisedDate=1693497600000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295024143, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295024143, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295024143, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295024143, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276600957765021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1095', pageEnd='1302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294986430, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782348406834, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276825019267285043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276825019271479348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1226, endPage=1234, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601117324735385, articleId=1276601115949003671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Annual Variations of the Rubber Qualities of Five Rubber Tree Clones Including Reyan 73397 Planted in Hainan, China, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The quality and performance of natural rubber (NR) are closely related to Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) varieties, tapping systems, seasonal variation and phenology etc. In order to uncover the annual change rules from April to December of NR qualities among different rubber tree varieties, we investigated the NR qualities from five clones including PR 107, RRIM 600, Reyan 917, Reyan 73397 and Reyan 879 cultivated in Danzhon of Hainan, China, and analysed the vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of the vulcanized NR prepared from the latex harvested in May. The results showed that the mooney viscosity, protein percentage, volatile percentage, Wallace plasticity (P0) and plasticity retention index (PRI) presented a downward or upward trend in an annual tapping cycle from April to December, which indicates that the NR quality parameters are affected by both genotypes and environmental factors such as weather and sunshine etc. The protein percentage in NR from the latex of the four rubber tree clones was more than 3.0% in December. The cure characteristics of NR from Reyan 917 were totally different from those of the other four rubber trees. Under the same tapping system of S/2 d/3, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the vulcanized rubber from Reyan 879 was the smallest compared with the other four clones. The results would contribute to instructing the new variety breeding and rubber production on the one hand, and to providing scientific supports for high-performance NR manufacturing on the other hand.

, authors=null, authorsList=Huaide QIN, Anyang ZHANG, Zhiyi NIE, Guijuan KANG, Mingming WEI, Rizhong ZENG, Wei LUO, Ruifang ZHAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei LUO, Ruifang ZHAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601117786108827, articleId=1276601115949003671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天然橡胶的质量和性能与橡胶树品种、割胶生产、气象、物候等遗传和环境因素密切相关。为了探明橡胶树不同品种之间及4—12月全年割胶周期内生胶质量的差异与变化规律,本研究分析比较了PR107、RRIM600、热研917、热研73397和热研879等5个橡胶树品种胶乳所制备生胶的质量,并分析了各品种5月份胶乳所制备生胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明:5个橡胶树品种生胶的门尼黏度值、氮(蛋白质)含量、挥发物含量、P0和PRI值等在4—12月全年割胶周期内表现出增加或下降的趋势,这些质量指标既反映出橡胶树品种间的基因型差异,又表现出受气象等环境因素变化的影响。其中,4个品种12月生胶的蛋白质含量均超过3.0%;热研917混炼胶的硫化特性与其他4个品种有明显差异;在S/2 d/3割制下,热研879硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度最小。本研究结果一方面有助于指导橡胶树品种选育和割胶生产,另一方面也可以为高性能天然橡胶生产加工提供科技支撑。

, authors=

覃怀德(1980—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶生物合成及质量形成机制。

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* 湛瑞芳(ZHAN Ruifang),E-mail:
罗微(LUO Wei),E-mail:
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覃怀德(1980—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶生物合成及质量形成机制。

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覃怀德(1980—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:橡胶生物合成及质量形成机制。

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Industrial Crops & Products, 2022, 178: 114617., articleTitle=What leads to rubber leaf senescence in the northern edge of the Asian tropics?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824486703928176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=106, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=BERTHELOT K, LECOMTE S, ESTEVEZ Y, PERUCH F, journalName=Biochimie, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BERTHELOT K, LECOMTE S, ESTEVEZ Y, PERUCH F. Hevea brasiliensis REF (Hev b1) and SRPP (Hev b3): an overview on rubber particle proteins[J]. Biochimie, 2014, 106: 1-9., articleTitle=Hevea brasiliensis REF (Hev b1) and SRPP (Hev b3): an overview on rubber particle proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824486766842737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=20, issue=3, pageStart=1394, pageEnd=1400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=38, authorNames=OOUCHI M, UKAWA J, ISHII Y, MAEDA H, journalName=Biomacromolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OOUCHI M, UKAWA J, ISHII Y, MAEDA H. Structural analysis of the terminal groups in commercial Hevea natural by 2D-NMR with DOSY filters and multiple-WET methods using ultrahigh-field NMR[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2019, 20(3): 1394-1400., articleTitle=Structural analysis of the terminal groups in commercial Hevea natural by 2D-NMR with DOSY filters and multiple-WET methods using ultrahigh-field NMR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824486846534514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=18, issue=6, pageStart=1705, pageEnd=1712, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=39, authorNames=WU J R, QU W, HUANG G S, WANG S Y, HUANG C, LIU H, journalName=Biomacromolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU J R, QU W, HUANG G S, WANG S Y, HUANG C, LIU H. Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of spatial organization of proteins and lipids in natural rubber[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2017, 18(6): 1705-1712., articleTitle=Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of spatial organization of proteins and lipids in natural rubber, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824486909449075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=30, issue=10, pageStart=1389, pageEnd=1393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=李维国, 高新生, 张伟算, 方家林, 黄华孙, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李维国, 高新生, 张伟算, 方家林, 黄华孙. 橡胶树优良品种热研879的选育[J]. 热带作物学报, 2009, 30(10): 1389-1393., articleTitle=橡胶树优良品种热研879的选育, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824486984946548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=30, issue=10, pageStart=1389, pageEnd=1393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=LI W G, GAO X S, ZHANG W S, FANG J L, HUANG H S, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI W G, GAO X S, ZHANG W S, FANG J L, HUANG H S. Breeding and selection of desirable rubber clone Reyan 879[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2009, 30(10): 1389-1393. 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Annual variations of average size of the rubber particles from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone粒径Particle size/μm平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1071.171.071.071.111.091.021.010.990.961.05±0.06a
RRIM6000.980.940.971.040.990.980.980.960.960.98±0.03a
热研9171.141.140.890.880.930.960.980.940.940.98±0.10a
热研733971.181.051.201.061.061.121.040.960.921.07±0.09a
热研8790.980.990.990.991.060.980.960.960.980.99±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480282448691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期橡胶粒子平均粒径变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone粒径Particle size/μm平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1071.171.071.071.111.091.021.010.990.961.05±0.06a
RRIM6000.980.940.971.040.990.980.980.960.960.98±0.03a
热研9171.141.140.890.880.930.960.980.940.940.98±0.10a
热研733971.181.051.201.061.061.121.040.960.921.07±0.09a
热研8790.980.990.990.991.060.980.960.960.980.99±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480378917684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Annual variations of the mooney viscosity from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone门尼黏度Mooney viscosity平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR107697073.574.372.370.7687267.570.8±2.4a
RRIM600706771.76867.365.354.763.75865.1±5.5b
热研917646464.370.358.75354.760.75760.7±5.5b
热研73397515761.36662.36560.7635460.0±5.0b
热研8797067576269.355.752555460.2±7.0b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480454415157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期生胶门尼黏度值变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone门尼黏度Mooney viscosity平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR107697073.574.372.370.7687267.570.8±2.4a
RRIM600706771.76867.365.354.763.75865.1±5.5b
热研917646464.370.358.75354.760.75760.7±5.5b
热研73397515761.36662.36560.7635460.0±5.0b
热研8797067576269.355.752555460.2±7.0b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480710267702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Annual variations of the impurity contents from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone杂质含量Impurity content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.01±0.004a
RRIM6000.010.010.020.010.010.020.010.010.010.01±0.004a
热研9170.010.010.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.01±0.005a
热研733970.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±0.003a
热研8790.010.010.020.010.020.010.020.010.010.01±0.005a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480781570871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期杂质含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone杂质含量Impurity content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.01±0.004a
RRIM6000.010.010.020.010.010.020.010.010.010.01±0.004a
热研9170.010.010.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.01±0.005a
热研733970.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±0.003a
热研8790.010.010.020.010.020.010.020.010.010.01±0.005a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480882234168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Annual variations of the ash content from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone灰分含量Ash content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.230.250.200.200.200.200.200.220.220.22±0.02b
RRIM6000.280.280.200.200.200.170.210.240.200.22±0.04b
热研9170.300.230.170.200.190.180.220.210.200.21±0.04b
热研733970.430.300.330.330.360.350.280.280.280.33±0.05a
热研8790.210.180.150.230.190.180.230.220.240.20±0.03b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824480949343033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期灰分含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone灰分含量Ash content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.230.250.200.200.200.200.200.220.220.22±0.02b
RRIM6000.280.280.200.200.200.170.210.240.200.22±0.04b
热研9170.300.230.170.200.190.180.220.210.200.21±0.04b
热研733970.430.300.330.330.360.350.280.280.280.33±0.05a
热研8790.210.180.150.230.190.180.230.220.240.20±0.03b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481020646202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Annual variations of the nitrogen content from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone氮含量Nitrogen content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.370.380.400.400.400.400.380.420.460.40±0.02b
RRIM6000.430.420.400.400.410.470.490.530.570.46±0.06ab
热研9170.360.380.400.400.460.430.460.480.510.43±0.05ab
热研733970.460.440.400.400.410.430.450.490.590.45±0.06ab
热研8790.370.400.500.500.470.490.550.570.580.49±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481108726587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期氮含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone氮含量Nitrogen content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.370.380.400.400.400.400.380.420.460.40±0.02b
RRIM6000.430.420.400.400.410.470.490.530.570.46±0.06ab
热研9170.360.380.400.400.460.430.460.480.510.43±0.05ab
热研733970.460.440.400.400.410.430.450.490.590.45±0.06ab
热研8790.370.400.500.500.470.490.550.570.580.49±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481163252540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Annual variations of the volatile content from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone挥发物含量Volatile content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.580.610.600.530.420.540.420.420.340.50±0.10ab
RRIM 6000.750.710.470.370.420.430.430.410.400.49±0.14ab
热研9170.590.560.430.430.410.450.460.390.370.45±0.07b
热研733970.800.780.630.630.450.700.490.520.470.61±0.13a
热研8790.660.530.500.470.390.430.400.430.430.47±0.08b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481238750013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期挥发物含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone挥发物含量Volatile content/%平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR1070.580.610.600.530.420.540.420.420.340.50±0.10ab
RRIM 6000.750.710.470.370.420.430.430.410.400.49±0.14ab
热研9170.590.560.430.430.410.450.460.390.370.45±0.07b
热研733970.800.780.630.630.450.700.490.520.470.61±0.13a
热研8790.660.530.500.470.390.430.400.430.430.47±0.08b
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481305858878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Annual variations of the Wallace plasticity (P0) from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系CloneP0平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR10735.536.034.535.335.038.339.337.036.036.3±1.6a
RRIM60033.033.534.032.033.334.730.030.732.032.6±1.5b
热研91729.531.029.731.026.726.730.031.731.029.7±1.9c
热研7339725.028.527.729.030.034.732.033.028.529.8±3.0c
热研87931.031.025.026.329.726.724.027.528.327.7±2.5c
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481381356351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期塑性初值(P0)比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系CloneP0平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR10735.536.034.535.335.038.339.337.036.036.3±1.6a
RRIM60033.033.534.032.033.334.730.030.732.032.6±1.5b
热研91729.531.029.731.026.726.730.031.731.029.7±1.9c
热研7339725.028.527.729.030.034.732.033.028.529.8±3.0c
热研87931.031.025.026.329.726.724.027.528.327.7±2.5c
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481452659520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Annual variations of the plasticity retention index (PRI) from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系ClonePRI平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR10787.587.585.585.386.794.791.3102.310491.6±7.2b
RRIM60092.592.593.394.395100103109.3107.598.6±6.6ab
热研91785899688109116106.7113.7113101.8±12.3ab
热研733979898.599.395.3100.398106.3108.3123103.0±8.6ab
热研87982.5921119899116126.7119.5121107.3±15.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481515574081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

橡胶树5个品种全年割胶周期塑性保持率PRI比较分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系ClonePRI平均值Mean±SD
4月Apr.5月May6月Jun.7月Jul.8月Aug.9月Sep.10月Oct.11月Nov.12月Dec.
PR10787.587.585.585.386.794.791.3102.310491.6±7.2b
RRIM60092.592.593.394.395100103109.3107.598.6±6.6ab
热研91785899688109116106.7113.7113101.8±12.3ab
热研733979898.599.395.3100.398106.3108.3123103.0±8.6ab
热研87982.5921119899116126.7119.5121107.3±15.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481620431682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=

Analysis on the cure characteristics of the compounded rubbers from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系CloneTS1/minTS2/minT10/minT90/minMH/(dN×m)ML/(dN×m)MH-ML/(dN×m)
PR1072.685.631.4317.574.650.923.73
RRIM6002.806.201.3518.354.61.033.57
热研9174.038.951.8820.274.170.983.19
热研733972.625.201.4517.054.680.793.89
热研8793.437.771.5719.254.351.043.31
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481683346243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

橡胶树5个品种混炼胶硫化特性比较分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系CloneTS1/minTS2/minT10/minT90/minMH/(dN×m)ML/(dN×m)MH-ML/(dN×m)
PR1072.685.631.4317.574.650.923.73
RRIM6002.806.201.3518.354.61.033.57
热研9174.038.951.8820.274.170.983.19
热研733972.625.201.4517.054.680.793.89
热研8793.437.771.5719.254.351.043.31
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481746260804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=EN, label=Tab. 10, caption=

Analysis on the mechanical properties of the vulcanized rubbers from five rubber tree clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone拉断伸长率Elongation at break/%拉伸强度Tensile strength/MPa100%定伸应力Modulus at 100%/MPa200%定伸应力Modulus at 200%/MPa300%定伸应力Modulus at 300%/MPa撕裂强度Tear strength/(KN·m-1)邵尔硬度Shore hardness
PR10776022.590.771.201.7828.4937.0
RRIM60075420.940.761.191.7628.4937.0
热研91773219.610.741.141.7226.2436.0
热研7339779421.500.701.201.7027.5037.0
热研87965716.950.721.151.7327.8936.0
), ArticleFig(id=1276824481813369669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

橡胶树5个品种硫化胶力学性能比较分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品系Clone拉断伸长率Elongation at break/%拉伸强度Tensile strength/MPa100%定伸应力Modulus at 100%/MPa200%定伸应力Modulus at 200%/MPa300%定伸应力Modulus at 300%/MPa撕裂强度Tear strength/(KN·m-1)邵尔硬度Shore hardness
PR10776022.590.771.201.7828.4937.0
RRIM60075420.940.761.191.7628.4937.0
热研91773219.610.741.141.7226.2436.0
热研7339779421.500.701.201.7027.5037.0
热研87965716.950.721.151.7327.8936.0
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海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化
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覃怀德 1, 2 , 张安洋 3 , 聂智毅 1, 2 , 康桂娟 1, 2 , 位明明 1, 2 , 曾日中 1, 2 , 罗微 1, 2, * , 湛瑞芳 4, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(6): 1226-1234
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (6) : 1226 -1234
海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化
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2.海南天然橡胶与热带林木研究院/海南省高性能天然橡胶材料工程重点实验室,海南海口 571101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276824458144912105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824458157495018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824458144912105, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory for Rubber Tree Biology and Genetic resources, Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824458182660843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824458144912105, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276824458484650732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824458497233645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824458484650732, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hanan Institute for Natural Rubber and Tropical Forests / Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Natural Rubber Engineering, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824458509816558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824458484650732, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南天然橡胶与热带林木研究院/海南省高性能天然橡胶材料工程重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])]), Author(id=1276824471898034980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zrfjyh@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276824472330048294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, authorId=1276824471898034980, language=EN, stringName=Ruifang ZHAN, firstName=Ruifang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, *, address=4.The Fourth Military Representative Office Stationed in Shenyang, Shengyang, Liaoning, 110022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276824472799810343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, authorId=1276824471898034980, language=CN, stringName=湛瑞芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, *, address=4.空装驻沈阳地区第四军事代表室,辽宁沈阳 110022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276824459424174836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824459445146357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824459424174836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.The Fourth Military Representative Office Stationed in Shenyang, Shengyang, Liaoning, 110022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824459457729270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601115949003671, companyId=1276824459424174836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.空装驻沈阳地区第四军事代表室,辽宁沈阳 110022)])])]
覃怀德1, 2, 张安洋3, 聂智毅1, 2, 康桂娟1, 2, 位明明1, 2, 曾日中1, 2, 罗微1, 2, * , 湛瑞芳4, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.海南天然橡胶与热带林木研究院/海南省高性能天然橡胶材料工程重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 3.沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳 110034
  • 4.空装驻沈阳地区第四军事代表室,辽宁沈阳 110022
通讯作者:
* 湛瑞芳(ZHAN Ruifang),E-mail:
罗微(LUO Wei),E-mail:
Annual Variations of the Rubber Qualities of Five Rubber Tree Clones Including Reyan 73397 Planted in Hainan, China
Huaide QIN1, 2, Anyang ZHANG3, Zhiyi NIE1, 2, Guijuan KANG1, 2, Mingming WEI1, 2, Rizhong ZENG1, 2, Wei LUO1, 2, * , Ruifang ZHAN4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory for Rubber Tree Biology and Genetic resources, Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Hanan Institute for Natural Rubber and Tropical Forests / Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Natural Rubber Engineering, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shengyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
  • 4.The Fourth Military Representative Office Stationed in Shenyang, Shengyang, Liaoning, 110022, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.014
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天然橡胶的质量和性能与橡胶树品种、割胶生产、气象、物候等遗传和环境因素密切相关。为了探明橡胶树不同品种之间及4—12月全年割胶周期内生胶质量的差异与变化规律,本研究分析比较了PR107、RRIM600、热研917、热研73397和热研879等5个橡胶树品种胶乳所制备生胶的质量,并分析了各品种5月份胶乳所制备生胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明:5个橡胶树品种生胶的门尼黏度值、氮(蛋白质)含量、挥发物含量、P0和PRI值等在4—12月全年割胶周期内表现出增加或下降的趋势,这些质量指标既反映出橡胶树品种间的基因型差异,又表现出受气象等环境因素变化的影响。其中,4个品种12月生胶的蛋白质含量均超过3.0%;热研917混炼胶的硫化特性与其他4个品种有明显差异;在S/2 d/3割制下,热研879硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度最小。本研究结果一方面有助于指导橡胶树品种选育和割胶生产,另一方面也可以为高性能天然橡胶生产加工提供科技支撑。

橡胶树  /  橡胶质量与性能  /  全年割胶周期  /  海南岛

The quality and performance of natural rubber (NR) are closely related to Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) varieties, tapping systems, seasonal variation and phenology etc. In order to uncover the annual change rules from April to December of NR qualities among different rubber tree varieties, we investigated the NR qualities from five clones including PR 107, RRIM 600, Reyan 917, Reyan 73397 and Reyan 879 cultivated in Danzhon of Hainan, China, and analysed the vulcanization characteristics and the mechanical properties of the vulcanized NR prepared from the latex harvested in May. The results showed that the mooney viscosity, protein percentage, volatile percentage, Wallace plasticity (P0) and plasticity retention index (PRI) presented a downward or upward trend in an annual tapping cycle from April to December, which indicates that the NR quality parameters are affected by both genotypes and environmental factors such as weather and sunshine etc. The protein percentage in NR from the latex of the four rubber tree clones was more than 3.0% in December. The cure characteristics of NR from Reyan 917 were totally different from those of the other four rubber trees. Under the same tapping system of S/2 d/3, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the vulcanized rubber from Reyan 879 was the smallest compared with the other four clones. The results would contribute to instructing the new variety breeding and rubber production on the one hand, and to providing scientific supports for high-performance NR manufacturing on the other hand.

Hevea brasiliensis  /  rubber quality and performance  /  one-year tapping period  /  Hainan island
覃怀德, 张安洋, 聂智毅, 康桂娟, 位明明, 曾日中, 罗微, 湛瑞芳. 海南热研73397等5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期生胶质量变化. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1226 -1234 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.014
Huaide QIN, Anyang ZHANG, Zhiyi NIE, Guijuan KANG, Mingming WEI, Rizhong ZENG, Wei LUO, Ruifang ZHAN. Annual Variations of the Rubber Qualities of Five Rubber Tree Clones Including Reyan 73397 Planted in Hainan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1226 -1234 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.014
橡胶、石油、钢铁、煤炭被称为世界四大工业原料,其中橡胶包括合成橡胶和天然橡胶。合成橡胶主要来源于石油化工原料,而天然橡胶则主要由产胶植物橡胶树流出的乳汁(又称胶乳)加工而成。天然橡胶特有的分子结构和组成使其具有高弹性、低生热、耐疲劳和抗拉伸等综合优异性能,是目前合成橡胶无法替代的基础工业原料和重要战略物资[1]。随着世界上的石油、煤炭等不可再生化石资源的日益枯竭,来自橡胶树等产胶植物的可再生资源天然橡胶在现代工业和人类社会发展中的重要地位将愈加凸显,尤其是飞机轮胎、高铁减震器和许多国防装备等高端制造业所使用的橡胶原料完全依赖天然橡胶。当前,飞机轮胎等已成为西方国家制裁我国航空业发展的“卡脖子”问题。
橡胶树原产地为巴西亚马逊河流域,称为巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)。由于南美叶疫病(South American leaf blight,SALB)对巴西等拉丁美洲植胶国橡胶树种植业的严重危害[2],现在世界产胶国主要集中在包括我国在内的东南亚地区[3]。我国自20世纪50年代开始在华南地区开始大规模引种种植橡胶树,并在国外引进RRIM600、PR107、GT1、PB86等优良无性系和国内初生代无性系基础上,通过亲本组配和子代优选,培育出一大批抗逆性更强、产量更高、更适合我国植胶区环境特点的橡胶树优良新品种,其中具有代表性的自育优良品种包括热研73397、热研917、热研879、热垦525、云研774、云研772等[4-6]。目前我国橡胶树种植面积超过113.33万hm2,年产干胶约82万t,成为全球第三大植胶国和第四大产胶国。
橡胶树的胶乳产量和橡胶质量既受遗传(品种特性或基因型)因子控制,又受割胶强度、割(树)龄、土壤营养(施肥)、季节、气象和物候等多重因素的影响。长期以来,橡胶树的产量及其构成因素一直都是橡胶树新品种选育与栽培及产胶生理学研究的重点,但有关橡胶树胶乳品质和天然橡胶质量的研究相对较少和滞后,迄今为止,从生物学和农学概念上还未界定什么是天然橡胶的质量及其构成因素。因此,目前一般多以生胶的橡胶分子量、门尼黏度和6项指标(杂质含量、灰分含量、氮含量、挥发分含量、塑性初值P0和塑性保持率PRI)作为衡量天然橡胶质量的标准,其中橡胶分子量、PRI、灰分含量和P0值被认为具有显著的品种(遗传)特性,可以用作橡胶树生胶品质选育种的主要参考指标[7-8]
天然橡胶是由橡胶树的胶乳经自然凝固、加酸或加微生物和酶等凝固加工而成的生胶产品,其主要成分是橡胶树乳管细胞合成的橡胶分子[9]。因此,橡胶树的胶乳品质与生胶质量具有密切的关系,影响胶乳品质的遗传和环境因素同样会影响生胶的质量和性能。橡胶树不同品种之间以及在不同的季节不仅其胶乳总固形物、蔗糖、硫醇含量等生理参数和转化酶活性,而且其生胶的质量和性能都表现出明显的差异和变化[10-13]。为了进一步探明生胶质量和性能的影响因素和变化规律,本文对海南岛种植的PR107和热研73397等5个橡胶树品种的生胶质量进行了全年割胶周期的比较分析,研究结果将为橡胶树优质高产品种选育和高性能天然橡胶生产加工等研究提供科学依据。
供试材料为种植于中国热带农业科学院试验场二队的5个橡胶树品种RRIM600、PR107、热研73397、热研917和热研879。各品种橡胶树的割龄均为5 a,采用未刺激的S/2 d/3(割线长为树围的1/2、每3 d割1刀)割制采胶。每品种选择树围大小和胶乳产量基本一致的30株橡胶树,取样时间为2018年,复割后4—12月,每月下旬取样1次。割胶后收集胶乳并混合,各品种每次取混合鲜胶乳5 kg,未加氨水等保鲜剂。
取少量混合鲜胶乳在激光散射粒度分布分析仪(LA-960S,日本HORIBA公司)中测定橡胶粒子粒径。参数设定:相对折射率为1.388;选择体积平均粒径。
在混合鲜胶乳中加入质量分数为2%的乙酸,充分搅拌混匀,室温下静置过夜,使胶乳凝固并熟化;用清水充分清洗凝胶块,用绉片机压成绉片,在70 ℃烘箱中充分干燥,制成生胶样品。
生胶门尼黏度值和6项指标分别按国家相关标准进行测定。其中门尼黏度值参照GB/T 1232.1—2016标准测定;灰分、杂质、挥发物和氮含量分别参照GB/T 4498—1997、GB/T 8086—2019、GB/T 24131—2009和GB/T 8088—2008等标准测定;生胶塑性初值(P0)和塑性保持率(PRI)分别参照GB/T 3517—2014和GB/T 3510—2006标准测定。
参照GB/T 6038—2006标准,取生胶样品,按生胶纯胶硫化配方在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化配方为(质量份):生胶100.0、氧化锌6.0、硬脂酸0.5、硫磺3.5、促进剂M 0.5;在开放式炼胶机制备混炼胶,参照GB/T 16584—1996标准采用无转子硫化仪(优肯U-CAN,型号UR-2030SD)测定硫化特性和混炼胶的正硫化时间,在平板硫化机上进行硫化,硫化条件为140 ℃×30 min。
参照GB/T 528—2009测定硫化胶的定伸应力、扯断伸长率和拉伸强度;撕裂强度测验根据GB/T 529—2008标准。
数据统计分析采用SPSS 22.0软件,以Student Newman-Keuls检验进行各组间的多重比较。
橡胶粒子是橡胶树乳管细胞中的一种特殊细胞器,是橡胶生物合成和储存的场所。研究表明,橡胶粒子起源于内质网,直径大小分布在0.01~ 5.00 μm之间,平均直径在1.0 μm左右,具有从小到大的发育过程[14-15]表1结果表明,5个橡胶树品种全年割胶周期内橡胶粒子的平均粒径无显著变化,平均值均接近1.0 μm;其中,PR107和热研73397在4—10月橡胶粒子的粒径均大于1.0 μm,而在11月和12月,粒径有变小的趋势,这可能与这2个月的气温和光照强度下降有关。与其他品种相比,热研917橡胶粒子的粒径在6月和7月明显变小。
生胶门尼黏度值与橡胶分子大小及分布有关,与塑性初值(P0)一样,可反映天然橡胶的质量和加工性能,其大小一般在60~80之间。表2结果表明,PR107生胶的全年平均门尼黏度值显著高于其他4个品种。从月份来看,5个品种的门尼黏度值在12月均呈下降趋势,这可能与12月气温较低,橡胶树光合作用产物减少,橡胶生物合成效率降低,从而可能导致橡胶分子量下降。其中,热研879在10—12月生胶门尼黏度值下降趋势尤为明显。
生胶6项指标包括杂质含量、灰分含量、氮含量、挥发分含量、塑性初值和塑性保持率(PRI),是衡量天然橡胶质量好坏的重要参数,对天然橡胶力学性能也具有重要影响。表3结果表明,PR107等橡胶树5个品种生胶的杂质含量平均量都为0.01%,无显著差异,全年割胶周期内的变化也较小。
生胶中的灰分是指存在于天然橡胶中的无机盐及其他污染杂质的燃烧残余物,其中主要来自橡胶树胶乳本身所含有的无机盐或金属离子,包括钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)等。表4结果表明,热研73397生胶灰分含量显著高于其他4个品种生胶,而且在4月其生胶的灰分含量为全年最高值,而10—12月其生胶灰分含量降至最低值。曾霞等[16]的研究表明,热研73397胶乳中的Mg2+含量远高于RRIM600、PR107和热研917等品种。因此,热研73397生胶具有高水平的灰分含量可能与该品种胶乳含有高水平的Mg2+有关。
生胶中的氮含量来源于生胶中的非胶组分蛋白质。未经任何处理的全胶乳生胶样品所含的蛋白质主要来自橡胶树胶乳本身具有的蛋白质或酶,其中橡胶粒子蛋白是非胶组分蛋白质的最重要来源[17]表5结果表明,5个橡胶树品种在4月刚复割时的生胶氮含量最低,随着割胶进行,生胶氮含量都表现出逐渐增加的趋势,至12月达到最大值。其中,热研879是5个测试材料中氮含量较高的品种,在10—12月3个月中其生胶蛋白质含量都大于3.0%(蛋白质含量为氮含量´6.25)。曾霞等[18]的研究表明,橡胶树胶乳总蛋白质含量在11月中旬呈现上升趋势,这可能与11月和12月生胶氮(蛋白质)含量增加有一定的关系。
生胶中的挥发物主要是指生胶样品加热后易挥发散失水分和有机物(如脂肪酸等)。一般生胶样品的挥发物含量不大于0.8%,小于0.6%最好。表6结果表明,热研73397生胶挥发物含量全割周年平均值显著大于热研917和热研879,这可能与吴翠等[19]揭示的热研73397具有较高的挥发脂肪酸值有关。5个橡胶树品种在4月刚复割时生胶挥发物含量最高,随着割胶进行,生胶挥发物含量都表现出逐渐下降的趋势,其中8月和12月生胶挥发物含量相对较低,此结果与覃怀德等[13]对橡胶树热垦525品种生胶质量研究的结果基本一致。
生胶的塑性初值(P0)又称可塑度值,是表征天然橡胶橡胶分子量和可塑性大小的重要指标,其范围一般介于30~48之间;橡胶分子量越大的生胶样品,其P0值也越大,但可塑性越小。表7结果表明,5种不同品种橡胶树全割胶周期P0平均值存在较大差异,其中热研917、热研73397、热研879的P0平均值显著低于其父、母本PR107和RRIM600。除了RRIM600品种外,其他4个品种生胶在6月的P0值均下降,这与橡胶树在此时的抽叶开花物候有关。
生胶的塑性保持率(PRI)又称抗氧化指数,是表征天然橡胶抗氧化能力和耐老化性能的指标,与硫化胶的定伸应力及压缩疲劳生热等主要力学性能存在良好的相关性,其大小与P0值呈反比[20]表8结果表明,5个橡胶树品种在4月刚复割时生胶PRI值较低,随着割胶进行,生胶PRI值均表现出逐渐升高的趋势,其中10—12月生胶PRI值较高。PR107的全割胶周期生胶的PRI平均值低于热研879,二者均有显著差异。
混炼胶硫化特性是天然橡胶分子结构和组成的综合反映,尤其与橡胶分子量大小及分布和蛋白质等非胶组分组成相关。本研究只分析了5月各品种胶乳所制备混炼胶的硫化特性和硫化胶的力学性能。表9结果表明,热研917混炼胶硫化的振幅为1°时初期硫化时间(TS1)、振幅为3°时初期硫化时间(TS2)、初始硫化时间(T10)和正硫化时间(T90)等参数均高于其他4个品种,而其最大转矩(MH)和最小转矩(ML)及转矩差(MH-ML)差值则相对较小。5个品种中,热研73397的MH-ML差值最大,表明热研73397硫化胶具有最高的交联度;相对而言,热研917的MH-ML差值最小,其硫化胶的交联度最小,但正硫化时间T90最长。
硫化胶力学性能分析表明,5个橡胶树品种硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度差异显著,而且二者之间呈正比;其中热研879的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度明显小于其他4个品种;而5个品种硫化胶的100%定伸应力、撕裂强度和邵尔硬度等无显著差异(表10)。拉伸强度是反映橡胶分子量大小与分布及硫化胶力学性能优劣的关键指标之一。从硫化胶拉伸强度大小可以反映出,在相同割制和物候条件下,热研879的橡胶质量和性能低于热研73397等其余4个橡胶树品种。
本研究选择的PR107、RRIM600和热研917等是适合海南植胶区种植的5个橡胶树优良品种,其中热研917和热研73397是我国科技人员以国外引进品种PR107和RRIM600为父、母本杂交选育的中早熟型三生代高产无性系;热研879是以速生高产品种热研8813和高产高干含品种热研217为父、母本杂交选育的早熟型四生代高产无性系[5]。由于基因型的差异,橡胶树不同品种之间不仅胶乳代谢和产胶生理特性不同[10-11],而且还会引起胶乳主要品质指标,如橡胶分子量大小与分布以及胶乳中蛋白质和铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)等金属离子含量的变化[16,18],从而进一步影响橡胶树不同品种胶乳加工而成的生胶质量和硫化胶力学性能[12,19,21]。因此,天然橡胶的质量和性能受橡胶树栽培农艺因素和胶乳加工工艺的双重影响。只有从橡胶树品种选择、生产管理和储运加工等环节全面考虑,选用品质优异的胶乳才能制备出质量好的高性能天然橡胶原料。
除基因型差异外,气象和物候等环境因素也会引起橡胶树胶乳代谢活性和胶乳品质的变化,从而进一步影响生胶质量和硫化胶力学性能。橡胶树是一种适合低纬度高温高湿环境的热带树种。我国橡胶树种植在北纬18°至24°的海南、云南和广东三省热带北缘非传统植胶区,受热带季风气候影响,全年有明显的干季和雨季之分。一般每年12月至翌年4月的冬春降雨少,常伴随干旱的发生,属于干旱季节;而5—11月的夏秋由于受季风影响,降雨量较丰富,具有明显的雨季特征。由于干旱和气象低温的共同作用,橡胶树生长在物候上表现为每年1—2月具有明显落叶休眠现象[22],并且每年从12月中旬至翌年4月中旬受低温和落叶影响,橡胶树处于停割状态。因此,我国植胶区每年的割胶时间一般从4月中旬开始至12月底左右停割。因气象和物候变化等诸多因素的影响,从4月复割至12月停割的全年割胶周期内,橡胶树的产排胶特性、橡胶分子量大小与分布等胶乳品质表现出明显的季节性变化[11,16,18]
本研究结果表明,PR107、RRIM600和热研917等5个橡胶树品种生胶的蛋白质含量和P0值等质量指标既反映出品种间的基因型差异,又表现出受环境因素差异的影响,生胶门尼黏度值、氮(蛋白质)含量、挥发物含量、P0和PRI值等在4—12月全年割胶周期内均表现出增加或下降的趋势。蛋白质是构成生胶非胶组分的重要物质,连接于天然橡胶分子的ω-端,主要由橡胶粒子蛋白构成[17,23],对天然橡胶质量和性能具有重要影响,表现出提高天然橡胶性能的有利一面,但含量太高时又会降低天然橡胶的质量和性能。高性能天然橡胶蛋白质含量在1%~3%范围内。虽然5个橡胶树品种全年平均蛋白质含量均未高于3%,但在11—12月几乎所有品种(尤其热研879)生胶的蛋白质含量均超过3%,这表明未经脱蛋白等处理的11—12月橡胶树全胶乳不利于制备高性能天然橡胶原料。此外,天然橡胶分子除了具有ω-端基蛋白质组分外,还有位于α-端基上主要由磷脂类物质构成的非胶组分[24]。蛋白质和磷脂作为天然橡胶的重要非胶组分赋予了天然橡胶比合成橡胶所不具备的特殊性能,也是天然橡胶不能被合成橡胶替代的重要原因[1]。研究表明,ω-端基的蛋白质和α-端基的磷脂类物质有利于天然橡胶形成网络结构,对天然橡胶拉伸诱导结晶等性能的形成发挥重要作用[25]。因此,在生胶质量检测指标中除了氮(蛋白质)含量外,还应考虑测定生胶的磷(代表磷脂类物质)含量。作为天然橡胶重要非胶组分之一的磷脂类物质,其影响天然橡胶性能的作用机制也值得进一步研究。
在相同树龄、割制以及近似气象与物候等条件下,橡胶树不同品种生胶质量和性能的差异反映了橡胶树不同品种之间胶乳代谢和产胶生理特性的不同。本研究表明,虽然热研917和热研73397都是由PR107和RRIM600作为父、母本杂交培育的子代,但热研917混炼胶的硫化特性不仅与其具有亲缘关系的热研73397显著不同,而且与其父、母本也表现出明显的差异,形成这种差异的生物学基础目前尚不清楚。此外,在本研究所采用的S/2 d/3割胶制度下,橡胶树5个品种中热研879硫化胶的拉断伸长率和拉伸强度最小,分别低于700%和19.0 Mpa,其硫化胶表现出相对较差的力学性能。热研879是我国培育出的速生、早熟、高产品种,胶乳干胶含量高、产胶潜力大[26];在相同S/2 d/3割制下,热研879可能因为每割次排出胶乳太多,没有充足的时间形成高品质的胶乳,从而导致其品质下降,影响了生胶的质量和性能。因此,对于热研879这种排胶通畅的高产品种,可以通过降低割胶频率,采用S/2 d/4割制或S/2 d/5-7的非刺激(或低浓度乙烯利刺激)低频割胶制度,使其有充足的时间进行胶乳代谢和橡胶生物合成,从而有助于提高其胶乳品质,为高性能天然橡胶生产提供高品质胶乳。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022016001)
  • 农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(XJSHT)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.014
  • 接收时间:2023-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-05
  • 修回日期:2023-09-01
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022016001)
农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(XJSHT)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.海南天然橡胶与热带林木研究院/海南省高性能天然橡胶材料工程重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    3.沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳 110034
    4.空装驻沈阳地区第四军事代表室,辽宁沈阳 110022

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* 湛瑞芳(ZHAN Ruifang),E-mail:
罗微(LUO Wei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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