Article(id=1276600960323551765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698768000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-01, revisedDate=1706025600000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294987039, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294987039, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294987039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294987039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276600957765021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1095', pageEnd='1302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294986430, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782348406834, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276825019267285043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276825019271479348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1194, endPage=1204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276600960680067607, articleId=1276600960323551765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure in a Litchi Orchard, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of litchi orchard intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community structure, and to provide theoretical basis for litchi orchard intercropping S. guianensis. Soil samples from litchi orchard intercropped with S. guianensis and litchi monocropping modes were used to determine soil physicochemical properties and analyzed by bacterial amplicon sequencing. After intercropping S. guianensis in litchi orchard, in the soil layer depth of 0-20 cm, nitrate nitrogen content significantly increased by 47.52%, available phosphorus content highly significantly increased by 141.53% and available potassium content highly significantly reduced by 125.59%; in the soil layer depth of 20-40 cm, nitrate nitrogen content highly significantly increased by 76.02%, available phosphorus content highly significantly increased by 48.52%, and available potassium content highly significantly reduced by 188.57%. In terms of alpha bacterial diversity, there were no significant changes in Chao1 index, AEC index, Simpson index and Shannon index in 0-20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer after intercropping S. guianensis in litchi orchard. In terms of soil bacterial community structure, the main dominant phyla in the soil samples were all Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, Crenarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota were soil-specific relative abundances greater than 1% of the phyla after intercropping S. guianensis at 0-20 cm soil depth; at the genus level, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, Candidatus_Nitrosotalea was the genus with soil-specific relative abundance greater than 1% after intercropping S. guianensis, and at the 0-40 cm soil level, Nitrospira was the genus with soil-specific relative abundance greater than 1% after intercropping S. guianensis, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Gemmatimonadota increased at all soil depths after intercropping S. guianensis; the results of the redundancy analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by effective phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter. In summary, intercropping litchi orchard with S. guianensis would improve the physicochemical properties and change the structure of soil bacterial community in litchi orchard soil, and play a certain role in optimizing the environmental conditions of litchi orchard soil.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chengzhen LI, Bingchen YUAN, Yanru WANG, Jun LAN, Lijuan LUO, Daogeng YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Daogeng YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276600962169045541, articleId=1276600960323551765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响,为荔枝园间作柱花草提供理论依据。以荔枝园间作柱花草和荔枝单作2种模式的土壤样品进行土壤理化性质的测定,并进行细菌扩增子16S测序分析。结果显示:在荔枝园间作柱花草后,0~20 cm土层中,硝态氮含量显著提高47.52%,有效磷含量极显著提高141.53%,速效钾含量极显著降低125.59%;20~40 cm的土层深度,硝态氮含量极显著提高76.02%,有效磷含量显著提高48.52%,速效钾含量极显著降低188.57%。Alpha细菌多样性方面,在荔枝园间作柱花草后,0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层中,Chao1指数、AEC指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数并无显著变化。在土壤细菌群落结构方面,土壤样品中主要的优势菌门均为Acidobacteriota、Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Chloroflexi、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota、Actinobacteriota、Gemmatimonadota、Myxococcota,Crenarchaeota为0~20 cm土层深度下间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌门,Proteobacteria、Verrucomicrobiota、Gemmatimonadota的相对丰度在间作柱花草后的各土层深度均有提高;在属水平上,在0~20 cm土层,Candidatus_Nitrosotalea为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属,在0~40 cm土层,Nitrospira为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属;冗余分析结果表明,土壤细菌群落主要受有效磷、硝态氮和有机质的影响。综上所述,荔枝园间作柱花草会改善荔枝园土壤的理化性质和改变土壤细菌群落结构,对荔枝园土壤的环境条件起到一定的优化作用。

, authors=

李承臻(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:绿肥利用。

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* 虞道耿(YU Daogeng),E-mail:
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李承臻(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:绿肥利用。

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李承臻(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:绿肥利用。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of intercropping on growth and rhizosphere ecology of Litchi in young orchards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824337751605746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=24, pageStart=123, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=72, authorNames=姜黎, 郑银, 王平, 刘国军, journalName=北方园艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜黎, 郑银, 王平, 刘国军. 刈割对杏树间作的紫花苜蓿根系和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2017(24): 123-128., articleTitle=刈割对杏树间作的紫花苜蓿根系和土壤理化性质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824337827103219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=24, pageStart=123, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=73, authorNames=JIANG L, ZHENG Y, WANG P, LIU G J, journalName=Northern Horticulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG L, ZHENG Y, WANG P, LIU G J. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of mowing on the root system distribution of alfalfa under apricot intercropping and lateral root distribution of apricot and soil physical and chemical properties in the apricot garden, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824337910989300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=74, authorNames=王宁欣, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王宁欣. 豆科牧草与库尔勒香梨间作下生物固氮与转移效率的研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2022., articleTitle=豆科牧草与库尔勒香梨间作下生物固氮与转移效率的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276824338011652597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=75, authorNames=WANG N X, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG N X. Study of biological nitrogen fixation and transfer efficiency under the intercropping of legumes and Pyrus sinkiangensis[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2022. 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k_: Domain; p_: Phylum; c_: Class; o_: Order; f_: Family; g_: Genus.

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k_:界;p_:门;c_:纲;o_:目;f_:科;g_:属。

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* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=vooaIhiLEOe/ucbZP8fOqw==, figureFileBig=/KwyVwWRKqy9e2LgaEi88Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824325462294941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=CN, label=图5, caption=土壤细菌属水平相对丰度与土壤理化性质的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Physical and chemical properties of the base soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm有机碳TOC/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)铵态氮NH4+/(mg·kg–1)硝态氮NO3/(mg·kg–1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg–1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg–1)pH
0~206.42±0.840.46±0.040.85±0.033.96±0.2326.74±0.982.79±0.370.69±0.0739.00±1.425.58±0.12
20~405.08±0.760.45±0.040.83±0.074.34±0.4125.02±0.741.61±0.210.63±0.0565.00±3.375.66±0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1276824327462977953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基础土壤理化性质

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土层Soil layer/cm有机碳TOC/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)铵态氮NH4+/(mg·kg–1)硝态氮NO3/(mg·kg–1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg–1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg–1)pH
0~206.42±0.840.46±0.040.85±0.033.96±0.2326.74±0.982.79±0.370.69±0.0739.00±1.425.58±0.12
20~405.08±0.760.45±0.040.83±0.074.34±0.4125.02±0.741.61±0.210.63±0.0565.00±3.375.66±0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1276824327546864034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Soil nutrient content under different intercropping treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment总有机碳TOC/(g·kg-1)全氮TN/(g·kg-1)全磷TP/(g·kg-1)全钾TK/(g·kg-1)铵态氮NH4+/(mg·kg-1)硝态氮NO3/(mg·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)pH
T19.58±0.28a0.66±0.09a0.94±0.03a3.22±0.58a27.28±2.57a5.96±0.27a1.57±0.17a54.67±1.45b5.61±0.06Aa
CK16.49±0.88b0.72±0.11a0.94±0.11a3.35±0.64a22.78±1.63a4.04±0.41b0.65±0.09b123.33±3.84a5.89±0.09Aa
T26.40±0.92a0.59±0.04a0.97±0.10a3.25±1.06a24.37±1.99a3.45±0.17a1.01±0.11a35.00±2.31b5.55±0.04Aa
CK26.38±1.12a0.54±0.05a0.88±0.06a3.40±0.63a20.27±0.99a1.96±0.43b0.68±0.03b101.00±8.02a5.73±0.08Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276824327634944419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同间作处理土壤养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment总有机碳TOC/(g·kg-1)全氮TN/(g·kg-1)全磷TP/(g·kg-1)全钾TK/(g·kg-1)铵态氮NH4+/(mg·kg-1)硝态氮NO3/(mg·kg-1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg-1)速效钾AK/(mg·kg-1)pH
T19.58±0.28a0.66±0.09a0.94±0.03a3.22±0.58a27.28±2.57a5.96±0.27a1.57±0.17a54.67±1.45b5.61±0.06Aa
CK16.49±0.88b0.72±0.11a0.94±0.11a3.35±0.64a22.78±1.63a4.04±0.41b0.65±0.09b123.33±3.84a5.89±0.09Aa
T26.40±0.92a0.59±0.04a0.97±0.10a3.25±1.06a24.37±1.99a3.45±0.17a1.01±0.11a35.00±2.31b5.55±0.04Aa
CK26.38±1.12a0.54±0.05a0.88±0.06a3.40±0.63a20.27±0.99a1.96±0.43b0.68±0.03b101.00±8.02a5.73±0.08Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276824327714636196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

α diversity index under different intercropping treatments

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土层Soil layer/cmChao1指数Chao1 indexACE指数ACE indexShannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson index
T12313.13±25.89a2314.68±26.78a9.96±0.05a0.9974±0.00a
CK12334.93±68.77a2338.83±68.66a9.92±0.10a0.9968±0.00a
T22196.36±155.36a2198.48±156.85a9.78±0.18a0.9966±0.00a
CK22172.41±71.53a2173.67±72.72a9.73±0.05a0.9965±0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1276824327790133669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960323551765, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同间作处理的α多样性指数

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土层Soil layer/cmChao1指数Chao1 indexACE指数ACE indexShannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson index
T12313.13±25.89a2314.68±26.78a9.96±0.05a0.9974±0.00a
CK12334.93±68.77a2338.83±68.66a9.92±0.10a0.9968±0.00a
T22196.36±155.36a2198.48±156.85a9.78±0.18a0.9966±0.00a
CK22172.41±71.53a2173.67±72.72a9.73±0.05a0.9965±0.00a
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荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响
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李承臻 1, 3 , 袁秉琛 1, 3 , 王燕茹 2, 3 , 蓝俊 1, 3 , 罗丽娟 1 , 虞道耿 3, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(6): 1194-1204
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (6) : 1194 -1204
荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响
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李承臻1, 3, 袁秉琛1, 3, 王燕茹2, 3, 蓝俊1, 3, 罗丽娟1, 虞道耿3, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南大学林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 虞道耿(YU Daogeng),E-mail:
Effects of Intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure in a Litchi Orchard
Chengzhen LI1, 3, Bingchen YUAN1, 3, Yanru WANG2, 3, Jun LAN1, 3, Lijuan LUO1, Daogeng YU3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 3.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.011
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探究荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响,为荔枝园间作柱花草提供理论依据。以荔枝园间作柱花草和荔枝单作2种模式的土壤样品进行土壤理化性质的测定,并进行细菌扩增子16S测序分析。结果显示:在荔枝园间作柱花草后,0~20 cm土层中,硝态氮含量显著提高47.52%,有效磷含量极显著提高141.53%,速效钾含量极显著降低125.59%;20~40 cm的土层深度,硝态氮含量极显著提高76.02%,有效磷含量显著提高48.52%,速效钾含量极显著降低188.57%。Alpha细菌多样性方面,在荔枝园间作柱花草后,0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层中,Chao1指数、AEC指数、Simpson指数和Shannon指数并无显著变化。在土壤细菌群落结构方面,土壤样品中主要的优势菌门均为Acidobacteriota、Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Chloroflexi、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota、Actinobacteriota、Gemmatimonadota、Myxococcota,Crenarchaeota为0~20 cm土层深度下间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌门,Proteobacteria、Verrucomicrobiota、Gemmatimonadota的相对丰度在间作柱花草后的各土层深度均有提高;在属水平上,在0~20 cm土层,Candidatus_Nitrosotalea为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属,在0~40 cm土层,Nitrospira为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属;冗余分析结果表明,土壤细菌群落主要受有效磷、硝态氮和有机质的影响。综上所述,荔枝园间作柱花草会改善荔枝园土壤的理化性质和改变土壤细菌群落结构,对荔枝园土壤的环境条件起到一定的优化作用。

荔枝  /  间作  /  柱花草  /  土壤养分  /  土壤细菌群落结构

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of litchi orchard intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial community structure, and to provide theoretical basis for litchi orchard intercropping S. guianensis. Soil samples from litchi orchard intercropped with S. guianensis and litchi monocropping modes were used to determine soil physicochemical properties and analyzed by bacterial amplicon sequencing. After intercropping S. guianensis in litchi orchard, in the soil layer depth of 0-20 cm, nitrate nitrogen content significantly increased by 47.52%, available phosphorus content highly significantly increased by 141.53% and available potassium content highly significantly reduced by 125.59%; in the soil layer depth of 20-40 cm, nitrate nitrogen content highly significantly increased by 76.02%, available phosphorus content highly significantly increased by 48.52%, and available potassium content highly significantly reduced by 188.57%. In terms of alpha bacterial diversity, there were no significant changes in Chao1 index, AEC index, Simpson index and Shannon index in 0-20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer after intercropping S. guianensis in litchi orchard. In terms of soil bacterial community structure, the main dominant phyla in the soil samples were all Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, Crenarchaeota, and Crenarchaeota were soil-specific relative abundances greater than 1% of the phyla after intercropping S. guianensis at 0-20 cm soil depth; at the genus level, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, Candidatus_Nitrosotalea was the genus with soil-specific relative abundance greater than 1% after intercropping S. guianensis, and at the 0-40 cm soil level, Nitrospira was the genus with soil-specific relative abundance greater than 1% after intercropping S. guianensis, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Gemmatimonadota increased at all soil depths after intercropping S. guianensis; the results of the redundancy analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by effective phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter. In summary, intercropping litchi orchard with S. guianensis would improve the physicochemical properties and change the structure of soil bacterial community in litchi orchard soil, and play a certain role in optimizing the environmental conditions of litchi orchard soil.

litchi  /  intercropping  /  Stylosanthes guianensis  /  soil nutrients  /  soil bacterial community structure
李承臻, 袁秉琛, 王燕茹, 蓝俊, 罗丽娟, 虞道耿. 荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1194 -1204 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.011
Chengzhen LI, Bingchen YUAN, Yanru WANG, Jun LAN, Lijuan LUO, Daogeng YU. Effects of Intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure in a Litchi Orchard[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1194 -1204 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.011
荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)为无患子科,荔枝属常绿乔木,起源于中国[1]。在中国,荔枝有着非常悠久的栽培历史,具有良好的食用价值、药用价值和经济价值[2-4]。妃子笑是海南栽培十分广泛的荔枝品种,但此品种在成花过程中产生的花量较多,当土壤中的养分和水分不足时,其花、叶的生长发育就会受到严重影响[5-6]。目前我国荔枝主要栽培于酸性较强的赤红壤和红壤山地地区,这些土壤的有机质含量和土壤中的阳离子交换量较低,在农户缺乏正确的田间管理技术的情况下,经常发生过量施肥,导致植物生长发育受到影响、土壤肥力下降、造成环境污染等情况,抑制了荔枝产业的发展[7-8]。在果园中间作绿肥作物能有效改善土壤质量、提高果树产量和果实品质,是一种经济效益和生态效益同时兼顾的种植模式[9]。间作绿肥也会改变土壤细菌的群落结构,而土壤细菌在土壤生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色,其对于改善土壤肥力和维护生态系统结构的平衡具有重要的作用,研究特定功能的土壤细菌种群的数量和分布,是了解间作对土壤生态系统的有效方式之一[10-11]。柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensias)作为热带地区普遍种植的豆科绿肥,能显著改善土壤质量、提高作物的产量[12]。目前已有许多关于间作柱花草对果园土壤的改良影响的研究,但关于荔枝园间作柱花草对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落结构的影响研究尚无报道[13-14]。为此,本研究以荔枝单作为对照,间作柱花草为处理,对土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落进行测定和分析,为荔枝间作柱花草的栽培模式提供参考依据。
本研究所用材料妃子笑荔枝(Litchi chinensis cv feizhixiao)、柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensias)均来自中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所。
试验地位于中国海南省儋州市那大镇中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所十队试验基地(19°53′N,109°57′E,海拔121.87 m),属热带季风气候,年平均温度21 ℃,年平均最低温度7 ℃,年平均最高温度29 ℃,年平均降水量1757 mm,土壤为红壤土,理化性质见表1
间作试验开始于2020年3月,采用随机区组设计,以荔枝单作为对照(CK),荔枝间作柱花草为处理(T),设3个重复。荔枝树于2018年定植,种植规格为4 m×5 m。柱花草于2020年3月定植于荔枝树茎基部1.5 m处的荔枝行间,株间距为0.5 m×0.5 m,小区面积为6 m×18 m。柱花草长期种植于小区内,当柱花草株高达80 cm以上时进行刈割,刈割高度30 cm,刈割后的柱花草在小区内进行覆盖,并使刈割后剩余的柱花草能够继续生长。于2023年3月,测量荔枝树株高、冠幅大小、地径(离地20 cm);在试验小区内使用土钻采用五点取样法,分别采集0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤(CK1:单作0~20 cm土层,CK2:单作20~40 cm土层,T1:间作0~20 cm土层深度,T2:间作20~40 cm土层深度)。每份土样分成2份,一份用液氮速冻后置于–80 ℃冰箱保存,用于土壤细菌群落测定;另一份风干后过1 mm筛,用于土壤理化性质测定。
土壤基础养分测定参照鲍士旦[15]、ABDALLA等[16]、鲁如坤[17]的测定方法。采用凯氏定氮法测定全氮;采用重铬酸钾氧化法测定有机碳;采用连续流动分析仪测定铵态氮、硝态氮和有效磷;采用NaOH熔融-钼锑抗比色法测定全磷;采用NaOH熔融-火焰光度法测定全钾;采用醋酸铵浸提-火焰光度法测定速效钾;采用电位法测定土壤pH。将土壤放入离心管中,并使用干冰保存运输至深圳微科盟科技有限公司,对土壤中的细菌进行16S扩增子测序,使用磁珠法土壤和粪便基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取DNA;用341F(5´-CCTAYGGGRBGCASCAG-3´)和806R(5´-GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3´)引物对V3+V4可变区进行PCR扩增。
使用Qiime 2软件中的DADA2插件对所有样品的全部原始序列进行质量控制、去噪、拼接、去嵌合体,形成ASVs。Alpha多样性指数利用QIIME2 core-diversity插件计算;用R语言microeco包进行LEfSe分析,阈值P<0.05、LDA≥2;采用SPSS 26.0独立t检验分析土壤理化因子差异性;用R语言vegan软件包构建微生物菌门与土壤理化因子的相关性;用R语言psych包和pheatmap包,绘制相关性heatmap图,分析细菌菌属和土壤理化因子的相关性。
表2可知,T1相比于CK1土壤硝态氮含量提高了47.52%,差异显著(P<0.05);有效磷含量提高了141.53%,差异极显著(P<0.05);速效钾含量降低了125.59%(P<0.05);有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮和pH均无显著差异。T2土壤的硝态氮含量比CK2提高76.02%(P<0.05);有效磷含量比CK2提高48.52%(P<0.05);速效钾含量比CK2降低188.57%(P<0.05);有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮和pH均无显著差异。
Alpha多样性分析结果表明,ACE指数和Chao1指数能够体现土壤细菌群落的丰富程度,Simpson指数和Shannon指数能够体现土壤细菌群落的多样性和均匀程度。由表3可知,T1与CK1相比、T2与CK2相比土壤的ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数均无显著差异。
图1可知,T1土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的菌门有10个,CK1土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的菌门有9个,Crenarchaeota为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌门。T1与CK1相比,Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota和Gemmatimonadota的相对丰度分别提高15.69%、80.10%、13.12%和27.45%;Acidobacteriota、Firmicutes、Chloroflexi、Actinobacteriota和Crenarchaeota的相对丰度分别降低了17.05%、13.98%、7.09%、13.30%和4.50%。13.80%、19.27%和9.66%。
图2可知,T1土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的属有9个,CK1土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的属有8个,Candidatus_Nitrosotalea为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属。T1与CK1相比,BryobacterCandidatus_SolibacterGemmatimonasRhizomicrobiumNitrospira的相对丰度分别提高了22.52%、14.08%、22.75%、29.90%和3.81%;酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的亚群Gp2、Candidatus_KoribacterKtedonobacterXanthobacteraceae的相对丰度分别降低49.72%、3.02%、14.81%和0.66%。
T2和CK2土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的菌门共有10个。T2与CK2相比,Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Verrucomicrobiota、Actinobacteriota、Gemmatimonadota和Crenarchaeota的相对丰度分别提高12.29%、17.39%、4.96%、15.06%、41.86%和13.07%;Acidobacteriota、Firmicutes、Bacteroidota和Myxococcota的相对丰度分别降低9.43%、
T2土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的属有9个,CK2土壤细菌群落结构相对丰度大于1%的属有8个,Nitrospira为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属。T2与CK2相比,KtedonobacterBryobacter、Candidatus_Solibacter、GemmatimonasXanthobacteraceae的相对丰度分别提高6.00%、9.69%、19.15%、38.06%和25.94%;酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的亚群Gp2Candidatus_KoribacterRhizomicrobiumCandidatus_Nitrosotalea的相对丰度分别降低12.62%、1.35%、7.27%和6.49%。
图3可知,Actinobacteria(p__Actinobacteria)在组间存在显著差异,且在CK2土壤中被显著富集,丰度最高(CK2土壤中Actinobacteria的丰度显著高于其他各组);同时,Actinobacteria的LDA得分值大于其他分类单元,表明其对组间差异的影响更大。酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的亚群Gp2(g_Gp2)且在CK2土壤中被显著富集,丰度最高;Gp2的LDA得分值大于其他分类单元,表明其对组间差异的影响更大。
在门水平上,对相对丰度1%以上的细菌中进行冗余分析。由图4可知,在间作的土壤细菌群落主要受有效磷、硝态氮和有机质的影响;其中Gemmatimonadota、Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota、Crenarchaeota与有效磷和有机质呈正相关,Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、Acidobacteriota、Myxococcota和Actinobacteriota与有效磷和全钾呈负相关;硝态氮与Actinobacteriota、Myxococcota、Gemmatimonadota、Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota呈正相关,与Acidobacteriota、Firmicutes、Chloroflexi、Crenarchaeota呈负相关。
在属水平上,对相对丰度1%以上的细菌与土壤理化因子进行相关性分析(图5)。Rhizomicrobium与总有机碳、有效磷、硝态氮呈正相关(P<0.05);Xanthobacteraceae与铵态氮呈正相关;Candidatus_ Nitrosotalea与速效钾呈负相关(P<0.05);Bryobacter与铵态氮、有效磷呈正相关(P<0.01),与pH、速效钾呈负相关(P<0.01);Candidatus_ Solibacter与铵态氮(P<0.05)、有效磷(P<0.01)呈正相关,与pH(P<0.01)、速效钾(P<0.05)呈负相关;酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的亚群Gp2与硝态氮(P<0.01)、有效磷(P<0.05)呈负相关;Ktedonobacter与硝态氮呈负相关(P<0.05)。
图6可知,间作柱花草后荔枝树的株高对比CK提高了17.41%(P<0.05),这说明间作柱花草有利于荔枝树株高的提高;间作柱花草后荔枝树的冠幅对比CK提高了19.09%(P<0.05),这说明间作柱花草有利于荔枝树冠幅的增加;间作柱花草后荔枝树的冠幅对比CK无显著差异(P<0.05),这说明间作柱花草对荔枝树地径的影响不大。
南方热区普遍出现土壤酸化及缺磷等问题,磷是植物生长发育的基本元素之一,能够促进植物根系的生长和形成、提高果实品质、增强植物的抗逆性。有研究表明种植豆绿肥能够有效提高土壤有效磷的含量,其自然脱落物在腐解的过程中能够产生有机酸类可以吸收部分难溶性养分,转化为有效的形态,绿肥作物体内所含有的磷在此过程中释放到土壤内,提高土壤的有效磷含量[18]。本研究在荔枝间作柱花草后,T1、T2有效磷含量有显著提高,T1比CK1提高了141.53%,T2比CK2提高了48.52%,说明间作柱花草能够显著提高土壤表层的有效磷含量。在荔枝间作柱花草后,T1和T2的速效钾含量分别显著降低125.59%和188.57%,可能是由于海南的降雨频繁,降雨量大,土壤中的钾离子容易被雨水淋溶和冲刷流失,加之柱花草生长时对速效钾吸收,导致了土壤的速效钾含量降低[19]。在荔枝间作柱花草后,T1和T2的硝态氮含量分别显著提高47.52%和76.02%,可能是与豆科植物有自生固氮和共生固氮的能力能够从大气中捕获分子氮和通过与根瘤菌共生固氮有关[20-22]
作为评估微生物群落多样性的指标之一,Alpha多样性指数能够反映土壤微生物群落中的物种组成概况,揭示微生物种群的均匀度与丰富度[23]。研究发现,合理的间作策略可以增加土壤中细菌、真菌等微生物的数量,提高土壤微生物群落的多样性及功能性,优化微生物群落结构,保持微生态系统的平衡[24-26]。同时,部分研究显示,长期豆科植物间作可能导致土壤细菌数量的降低,但其丰富度不受影响[27]。这些结果表明,间作对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响可能与间作植物种类的差异有关。
在本研究中,柱花草间作期间土壤Alpha多样性各项指标的差异均未达到显著水平,表明间作柱花草不会影响菌群的均匀度与丰富度。
菌群的相对丰度变化能够体现土壤环境的变化,通过菌群丰度的变化能够较早地了解土壤环境的变化过程[28]
在门水平上,Bacteroidota是土壤微生物中一类重要的细菌,可以分解土壤中的有机物质,产生酸性物质与土壤中的一些全氮化合物相互作用,促进全氮化合物的分解和释放,可以将有机氮化合物转化为铵态氮或硝态氮[29]。Proteobacteria在土壤中的主要作用是分解有机物质和固氮,部分Proteobacteria类群的成员也与植物共生,能够通过固氮帮助植物获取营养[30]。Verrucomicrobiota在降解有机物方面有重要作用[31]。本研究中在T1和T2中均观察到相对丰度提高的菌门,如Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Verrucomicrobiota等,其中部分菌门在2个土层中都呈现相似的变化趋势,可能与土壤养分中氮含量的增加和植物脱落物的分解有关。Acidobacteriota是一种普遍存在于土壤中的嗜酸菌,既往的研究表明,Acidobacteriota的比例可以反映土壤的酸性条件,并且与土壤pH存在极显著的负相关关系[32]。然而,在本研究中,Acidobacteriota及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)的亚群Gp2与土壤pH并未显示出显著的相关性,这可能意味着在本研究的特定环境条件下,酸杆菌及其亚群Gp2的存在可能受到其他环境因素的影响,而非仅仅与土壤的pH有关。Crenarchaeota是土壤中占主导地位的氨氧化微生物[33]。在本研究中Crenarchaeota菌门仅在T1中表现出相对丰度大于1%,这表明间作柱花草后土壤铵态氮含量的提高可能对土壤微生物群落的结构产生了一定影响。
在属水平上,在T1中细菌群落相对丰度大于1%的属增加到9个,而CK1土壤中只有8个。其中,Candidatus_Nitrosotalea是间作柱花草后土壤特有的相对丰度大于1%的菌属,这表明间作柱花草可能提高了土壤中的氮循环能力,因为Candidatus_Nitrosotalea属包含已知的氨氧化微生物,它们在土壤氮循环中扮演着重要角色[34]Bryobacter是一类能够分解有机质,并降解咪唑啉酮类和氟草净除草剂的厌氧细菌[35]Candidatus_ Solibacter可以分解复杂的有机物质,利用碳源的菌属[36]Nitrospira是一种已知的硝化细菌,是氮循环的主要参与者,能够为土壤提供植物可以利用的氮源[37]Gemmatimonas在土壤中的主要功能通常包括有机物质的分解,同时也涉及氮素的代谢[38]BryobacterCandidatus_ SolibacterGemmatimonasNitrospira等属的相对丰度在间作柱花草土壤中均有所提高。这些菌属通常与有机物的分解和氮的循环相关联,它们的提升可能意味着间作柱花草提高了土壤的肥沃度。在20~40 cm的土层中,与0~20 cm土层相似,T2增加了相对丰度大于1%属的数量,Nitrospira为间作柱花草后土壤特有相对丰度大于1%菌属,Nitrospira的提升对土壤氮循环尤其重要,因为该属是已知的硝化作用关键参与者[37]
对土壤细菌群落的冗余分析揭示了土壤中某些重要物质因子对细菌群落结构的显著影响。冗余分析结果表明,有效磷、硝态氮和有机质是影响柱花草间作阶段土壤细菌群落变化的主要因素,这3种因素通常被视为极其重要的土壤属性,它们在地球化学循环,尤其是氮和磷循环中起着关键作用,并且影响微生物的生活力和生产力[39]。土壤细菌门水平相对丰度有显著变化的Bacteroidota和Gemmatimonadota与有效磷呈正相关,Acidobacteriota与有效磷和硝态氮呈负相关,说明有效磷是间作过程中影响土壤细菌群落变化的主要环境因子,这与前人研究[40-41]发现的pH或碱解氮为影响土壤细菌群落变化的主要环境因子不同。
本研究发现,在属水平上RhizomicrobiumCandidatus_SolibacterXanthobacteraceaeKtedonobacterBryobacterGp2与土壤氮素形态(硝态氮、铵态氮)显著相关,说明这些细菌可能参与了土壤氮素循环过程。它们在氮素转化过程中的作用可能有助于柱花草间作对土壤氮素状况的改善。RhizomicrobiumBryobacterCandidatus_ SolibacterGp2与铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾有着多重相关性,而间作柱花草改变了其相对丰度,又显著改变了土壤硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量。说明间作可以改变土壤微生物群落结构,这些相对丰度的变化可能与间作柱花草导致的氮、磷、钾等养分含量变化有关。
果园间作绿肥在影响荔枝树的生长方面可能表现出正面或负面的效果,这些效果受到种植的果树品种、选择的间作作物、土壤条件以及管理措施等多种因素的影响[42]。例如杏树与苜蓿进行间作,尽管在资源上存在一定程度上的争夺,但仍然有助于提高林下土壤的理化性质,从而有效地促进杏树的生长和发育[43];库尔勒香梨与豆科牧草间作,通过根系相互作用,也已被证实有助于增加库尔勒香梨的产量[44]。间作柱花草后,荔枝树的株高得到了明显的提升,这可能是由于柱花草在土壤中形成良好的生态环境,通过改善土壤结构或提高土壤有机质水平,从而增强荔枝树的生长。荔枝树冠幅对比CK组增加了19.09%,可能因为柱花草的间作增加土壤中的氮含量,进而提高植物的营养物和水分吸收,利于冠幅增大。本研究发现,间作柱花草能够极显著增加荔枝树的株高和冠幅,表明间作柱花草对荔枝树的生长有促进作用。
本研究表明,间作柱花草对荔枝树生长具有积极影响。具体表现为荔枝树株高提高了17.41%,冠幅提高了19.09%。此外,间作柱花草能增加土壤有效磷含量和硝态氮含量,从而为荔枝树提供了更多的营养物质,但间作柱花草降低了土壤速效钾的含量,说明长期间作柱花草需要适量补施钾肥。同时,研究发现间作柱花草有助于改善土壤微生物群落结构,增加部分有利于氮循环和有机物降解的菌门及菌属相对丰度。本研究探讨了荔枝园间作柱花草模式下对土壤养分、微生物多样性和荔枝树植物指标的影响,为今后的生产实践及研究提供理论依据。
  • 国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-20)
  • 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所成果转移转化项目“果园间作牧草技术模式研究与示范”(PZS2022001)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.011
  • 接收时间:2023-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-01
  • 修回日期:2024-01-24
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国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-20)
中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所成果转移转化项目“果园间作牧草技术模式研究与示范”(PZS2022001)
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    1.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海南大学林学院,海南海口 570228
    3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101

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* 虞道耿(YU Daogeng),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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