Article(id=1276190617000612649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1678636800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-13, revisedDate=1681920000000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197153568, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197153568, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197153568, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197153568, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=992, endPage=999, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190617529094955, articleId=1276190617000612649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Isolation and Identification of New Pathogen from the Stem Rot of Gypsophila paniculata L., columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gypsophila paniculata L. is one of the most popular and bestselling cut flowers in the world. Stem rot is among the common disease of G. paniculata L. causing plant withering and death in serious cases, affecting the ornamental and utilization value of the flowers and causing certain economic losses. In March 2021, a severe wilt due to stem rot was observed on G. paniculata L. in Haikou town, Kunming, Yunnan, China. The disease mainly affected the stem base which was manifested by rot on stem base and wilting. In order to identify the pathogenic microorganism, we isolated and identified the pathogen associated with the stem of G. paniculata L.. Koch’s postulates proved that the isolate caused similar symptom on tissue culture and potted seedlings of G. paniculata L., and the isolate had similar morphology with initially isolated from with the naturally infected seedlings in the field. Through morphological identification, the isolate produced a large number of dense aerial hyphae with color ranging from white to light orange or yellow with dark red pigment deposition on the back of the colony. The conidia of the isolate was sickle-shaped with flat ventral side, the dorsal side was arched, with three to six septation. The macroconidia was in the range (21.1-57.9)µm×(2.7-5.1)µm (n=100), no microconidia were observed. The morphology was similar to that of Fusarium pathogenic fungi. Through the identification of ITS gene sequence and morphology, the isolate was initially identified as F. graminearum species complex (FGSC). In order to further identify the subspecies, the TEF-1α sequence was used for sequencing. It was found that the isolate was 100% homologous with F. meridionale. Therefore, combined with morphological and molecular biological characteristics, the pathogen of the stem rot of G. paniculata L. was identified as F. meridionale. This is the first report on the stem rot of G. paniculata L. in China, which would provide an important basis for the prevention and control of the disease.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yunying ZHOU, Musa Jibril SAUBAN, Ling WANG, Xishen ZHU, Yi WANG, Limin ZHANG, Chengyun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengyun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190620964229945, articleId=1276190617000612649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=满天星茎腐病中一种新病原菌的分离与鉴定, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

满天星是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一,茎腐病是满天星的一种常见病害,严重时导致植株枯萎死亡,影响鲜花的观赏性和利用价值,造成一定的经济损失。2021年3月,笔者在云南省昆明市海口镇发现满天星茎腐病,该病主要为害茎基部,表现为茎基部腐烂和萎蔫。为明确其病原,本研究对满天星茎腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定。柯赫氏法则证明该分离物可造成满天星组培苗和盆栽苗表现出与田间病株相似的症状,经接种后获得的分离物与田间自然发病的分离物一致。通过形态学鉴定,分离物能产生大量致密的气生菌丝,颜色从白色到淡橙色或黄色不等,菌落背面有暗红色色素沉积。显微镜观察发现其分离物的分生孢子呈镰刀形,腹面较平直,背侧呈拱形,具有3~6个隔膜,分生孢子大小为(21.1~57.9)µm×(2.7~5.1)µm(n=100),未见小型分生孢子,形态学上与镰刀菌属病原真菌相似。通过对其ITS基因序列与形态学鉴定,将分离物初步确定为禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC),为进一步确定亚种,使用翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列进行测序,发现该分离物与南方镰孢菌(F. meridionale)的同源性达100%。因此结合形态学和分子生物学特征,满天星茎腐病的病原确定为南方镰孢菌。目前国内尚未发现由南方镰孢菌侵染为害满天星茎部的相关研究报道,本研究结果将为防治满天星病害提供重要理论依据。

, authors=

周云莹(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子植物病理学。

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* 李成云(LI Chengyun),E-mail:
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周云莹(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子植物病理学。

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周云莹(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子植物病理学。

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Studies in Mycology, 2021, 98: 100116., articleTitle=Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277242021643419968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, awardId=2023YFD1400800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1400800), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277242021727306049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, awardId=2021ZDK003, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室开放基金项目(2021ZDK003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277242009089868019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009098256628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009089868019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009106645237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009089868019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277242009165365494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009173754103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009165365494, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009186337016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009165365494, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277242009270223098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009278611707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009270223098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Trans-boundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009287000316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009270223098, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南农业大学云南-国际应用生物科学中心跨境有害生物综合防控联合实验室,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277242018921316660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Symptom of G. paniculata L. stem rot, figureFileSmall=S1ma+JdZTb0oNopAs10dmA==, figureFileBig=3QhJeo76bbYX0rCGK8R+KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242019013591349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=CN, label=图1, caption=满天星茎腐病症状

A:茎基部症状;B:植株整体发病状态。

, figureFileSmall=S1ma+JdZTb0oNopAs10dmA==, figureFileBig=3QhJeo76bbYX0rCGK8R+KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242019332358454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Pathogenicity determination of stem inoculated G. paniculata L. tissue culture seedlings, figureFileSmall=kPav7tV219QIlvwo47eT7A==, figureFileBig=hwP/tf5lGIk3B7BXGv6GVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242020913611063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=CN, label=图2, caption=茎部接种满天星组培苗的致病性测定

A:接种后整株发病症状;B:CK。

, figureFileSmall=kPav7tV219QIlvwo47eT7A==, figureFileBig=hwP/tf5lGIk3B7BXGv6GVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242020993302840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pathogenicity test of potted seedlings inoculated by infiltration, figureFileSmall=e8eXfR0IGKpqLekbSJK/sA==, figureFileBig=HjZead6BuBT+/rXWoT4G6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242021077188921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=CN, label=图3, caption=浸润接种满天星盆栽苗的致病性测定

A:接种后整株发病症状;B:CK。

, figureFileSmall=e8eXfR0IGKpqLekbSJK/sA==, figureFileBig=HjZead6BuBT+/rXWoT4G6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242021135909178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Morphological characteristics of pathogens, figureFileSmall=iLDd/F0K+Xwx8np9zHugkA==, figureFileBig=+Cd2v1kTpFd8CZmwZHi0/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242021207212347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, language=CN, label=图4, caption=病原菌的形态特征

A:菌落正面形态;B:菌落背面形态;C:大型分生孢子。

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满天星茎腐病中一种新病原菌的分离与鉴定
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周云莹 1, 2, 3 , Musa Jibril Sauban 1, 2, 3 , 王玲 1, 2, 3 , 朱玺燊 1, 2 , 王一 1, 2, 3 , 张力敏 1, 2 , 李成云 1, 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(5): 992-999
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (5) : 992 -999
满天星茎腐病中一种新病原菌的分离与鉴定
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3.云南农业大学云南-国际应用生物科学中心跨境有害生物综合防控联合实验室,云南昆明 650201, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277242009089868019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009098256628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009089868019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009106645237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009089868019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277242009165365494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009173754103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009165365494, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009186337016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009165365494, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277242009270223098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009278611707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009270223098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Trans-boundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242009287000316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190617000612649, companyId=1277242009270223098, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南农业大学云南-国际应用生物科学中心跨境有害生物综合防控联合实验室,云南昆明 650201)])])]
周云莹1, 2, 3, Musa Jibril Sauban1, 2, 3, 王玲1, 2, 3, 朱玺燊1, 2, 王一1, 2, 3, 张力敏1, 2, 李成云1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
  • 2.云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201
  • 3.云南农业大学云南-国际应用生物科学中心跨境有害生物综合防控联合实验室,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
* 李成云(LI Chengyun),E-mail:
Isolation and Identification of New Pathogen from the Stem Rot of Gypsophila paniculata L.
Yunying ZHOU1, 2, 3, Musa Jibril SAUBAN1, 2, 3, Ling WANG1, 2, 3, Xishen ZHU1, 2, Yi WANG1, 2, 3, Limin ZHANG1, 2, Chengyun LI1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 3.Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Trans-boundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.014
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满天星是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一,茎腐病是满天星的一种常见病害,严重时导致植株枯萎死亡,影响鲜花的观赏性和利用价值,造成一定的经济损失。2021年3月,笔者在云南省昆明市海口镇发现满天星茎腐病,该病主要为害茎基部,表现为茎基部腐烂和萎蔫。为明确其病原,本研究对满天星茎腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定。柯赫氏法则证明该分离物可造成满天星组培苗和盆栽苗表现出与田间病株相似的症状,经接种后获得的分离物与田间自然发病的分离物一致。通过形态学鉴定,分离物能产生大量致密的气生菌丝,颜色从白色到淡橙色或黄色不等,菌落背面有暗红色色素沉积。显微镜观察发现其分离物的分生孢子呈镰刀形,腹面较平直,背侧呈拱形,具有3~6个隔膜,分生孢子大小为(21.1~57.9)µm×(2.7~5.1)µm(n=100),未见小型分生孢子,形态学上与镰刀菌属病原真菌相似。通过对其ITS基因序列与形态学鉴定,将分离物初步确定为禾谷镰孢复合种(Fusarium graminearum species complex,FGSC),为进一步确定亚种,使用翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)序列进行测序,发现该分离物与南方镰孢菌(F. meridionale)的同源性达100%。因此结合形态学和分子生物学特征,满天星茎腐病的病原确定为南方镰孢菌。目前国内尚未发现由南方镰孢菌侵染为害满天星茎部的相关研究报道,本研究结果将为防治满天星病害提供重要理论依据。

满天星  /  茎基腐  /  南方镰孢菌

Gypsophila paniculata L. is one of the most popular and bestselling cut flowers in the world. Stem rot is among the common disease of G. paniculata L. causing plant withering and death in serious cases, affecting the ornamental and utilization value of the flowers and causing certain economic losses. In March 2021, a severe wilt due to stem rot was observed on G. paniculata L. in Haikou town, Kunming, Yunnan, China. The disease mainly affected the stem base which was manifested by rot on stem base and wilting. In order to identify the pathogenic microorganism, we isolated and identified the pathogen associated with the stem of G. paniculata L.. Koch’s postulates proved that the isolate caused similar symptom on tissue culture and potted seedlings of G. paniculata L., and the isolate had similar morphology with initially isolated from with the naturally infected seedlings in the field. Through morphological identification, the isolate produced a large number of dense aerial hyphae with color ranging from white to light orange or yellow with dark red pigment deposition on the back of the colony. The conidia of the isolate was sickle-shaped with flat ventral side, the dorsal side was arched, with three to six septation. The macroconidia was in the range (21.1-57.9)µm×(2.7-5.1)µm (n=100), no microconidia were observed. The morphology was similar to that of Fusarium pathogenic fungi. Through the identification of ITS gene sequence and morphology, the isolate was initially identified as F. graminearum species complex (FGSC). In order to further identify the subspecies, the TEF-1α sequence was used for sequencing. It was found that the isolate was 100% homologous with F. meridionale. Therefore, combined with morphological and molecular biological characteristics, the pathogen of the stem rot of G. paniculata L. was identified as F. meridionale. This is the first report on the stem rot of G. paniculata L. in China, which would provide an important basis for the prevention and control of the disease.

Gypsophila paniculata L.  /  stem rot  /  Fusarium meridionale
周云莹, Musa Jibril Sauban, 王玲, 朱玺燊, 王一, 张力敏, 李成云. 满天星茎腐病中一种新病原菌的分离与鉴定. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 992 -999 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.014
Yunying ZHOU, Musa Jibril SAUBAN, Ling WANG, Xishen ZHU, Yi WANG, Limin ZHANG, Chengyun LI. Isolation and Identification of New Pathogen from the Stem Rot of Gypsophila paniculata L.[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 992 -999 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.014
满天星(Gypsophila paniculata L.),原名为重瓣丝石竹,别名霞草、白孔雀草、丝石竹等,原产地中海沿岸,在我国原产于新疆北部及西部,生于海拔1000~1500 m地区。系石竹科丝竹属的一年生草本花卉,是当今世界最流行的鲜切花配花之一[1-3]。重瓣满天星花不育,生产上采用扦插种植,但该方法繁殖系数低,无法满足市场需求,组培快繁是生产优质种苗的主要途径[3-4]。满天星的用途广泛,根、茎可供药用,集观赏、药用于一体[5]。云南省昆明地区的满天星种植始于20世纪90年代初,经过20多年的发展已成为云南省主栽鲜切花之一,云南昆明是全国种植面积最大的地区之一,产品销往全国各地,部分远销我国台湾、香港,以及新加坡、马来西亚、菲律宾等地[6-7]
镰刀菌属(Fusarium spp.)是世界性的重要病原真菌之一,寄主植物达100余种,侵染包括粮食作物、经济作物、药用植物及观赏植物等,主要为害植物的根、茎、花等部位,引起植物的根腐、茎腐、穗腐等多种病害,在世界范围内造成许多毁灭性的植物病害,如黄色镰刀菌(F. culmorum)造成的甘蔗顶腐病,串珠镰刀菌(F. moniliforme)造成的巴拿马香蕉萎蔫病,以及茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)导致世界范围的根腐病等[8]。镰刀菌侵染寄主植物维管束系统,产生毒素为害作物,导致作物枯萎死亡,降低作物的产量和品质,造成巨大的经济损失。据统计,全世界每年因镰刀菌引起的农产品损失高达数百亿美元[9-11]
禾谷镰刀菌是一个复合种Fusarium graminearum species complex(FGSC),从O’DONNELL等[12]采用宗系谱法(GCPSR)划分种至今,已经至少确认由16个种构成,包括亚洲镰孢菌(F. austroamericanum)、南方镰孢菌(F. meridionale)、布氏镰孢菌(F. boothii)、禾谷镰孢菌(F. graminearum sensu stricto)、蒲苇镰孢菌(F. cortaderiae)等。禾谷镰孢复合种(FGSC)是禾谷作物的重要病原菌,如小麦赤霉病(FHB)主要由禾谷镰孢复合种(FGSC)引起,是小麦的一种重大的真菌流行病害,造成小麦严重减产[13-14]。其中禾谷镰孢菌是世界范围内小麦赤霉病最常见的致病菌,但据张昊[15]报道南方镰孢菌也能引起我国小麦赤霉病,另外ZHOU等[16]报道南方镰孢菌是引起玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌之一,周洁等[17]报道南方镰孢菌还能引起魔芋干腐病。
满天星病害种类较多,常见病害有真菌性病害,包括由链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)引起的黑斑病,由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引起的灰霉病,由Erysiphe buhrii引起的白粉病,由疫霉属(Phytophthora spp.)、腐霉属(Pythium spp.)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia spp.)以及镰刀菌属引起的茎腐病、根腐病等腐烂病。除真菌性病害外,还有由细菌引起的冠瘿病等,以及由支原体、病毒和线虫引起的病害。由镰刀菌属引起的满天星茎腐病,早期症状出现茎基部周围变色,上部叶片轻微萎蔫,晚期症状出现冠腐、根腐,严重萎蔫,最终导致植株死亡,造成经济损失[18]。在国外关于该病的报道较多,国内鲜有报道,目前已报道的满天星茎腐病主要由尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum[19]、黄色镰刀菌[20]、茄病镰刀菌[21]、禾谷镰孢菌[21]引起,但未见南方镰孢菌引起满天星茎腐病的相关报道,这是我国首次报道由南方镰孢菌引起满天星茎腐病。因此,本文从满天星茎腐病的发病症状、病原物的分离与鉴定等方面对满天星茎腐病进行研究,为今后花卉生产的病害预防与控制提供一定的理论依据。
2021年3月在云南省昆明市西山区海口镇(24.80°N,102.60°E)采集满天星(云星4号)茎腐病样品,分装到自封袋后带回实验室,备用。
马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA):马铃薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,琼脂15~20 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
康乃馨叶片培养基(CLA):康乃馨叶片剪成3~5 mm小段,湿热灭菌,将灭菌的康乃馨叶片在无菌操作台中放入水琼脂固体培养基中,每皿5~6片。
绿豆液体培养基:称取绿豆30 g,绿豆洗净后放入沸水中煮至开花,用纱布过滤,自然pH,将滤液用蒸馏水定容至1000 mL后分装到100 mL三角瓶中,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
采用稍作改良的常规组织分离法[22],从满天星茎部切下约10 mm×3 mm的病害组织,清水洗净表面杂质,用70%酒精浸泡30 s,再用0.5%次氯酸钠漂洗2 min,最后用灭菌水漂洗3次,滤纸片吸干,将病组织接入PDA培养基,置于25 ℃下恒温培养3~5 d。待菌落长出后,挑取菌落至新的PDA培养基上培养,纯化后菌种置于-80 ℃保存,备用,将该菌株命名为KMHK4-2。
根据柯赫氏法则,分别用满天星组培苗和盆栽苗进行致病性试验。
(1)满天星组培苗致病性试验。对10株满天星组培苗进行分离物的致病性试验。参照方中达[22]的接种方法,对满天星的茎部进行接种,用无菌注射器将浓度为1×105个/mL的孢子悬浮液缓慢注入茎部。将10 μL孢子悬浮液或无菌水对照的接种量施加到茎部。植物在组织培养室中以12 h的暗光循环在(24±2)℃下培养7 d后,观察并记录发病情况。
(2)满天星盆栽苗致病性试验。对10株满天星盆栽苗进行分离物的致病性试验。参照LEE等[23]的满天星病原菌接种方法,将健康满天星植株的根和茎基部浸入浓度为1×105个/mL的孢子悬浮液,15 min后将其转移至无菌土壤中,在潮湿的室内保持72 h,然后移至温室。用灭菌水处理的植株作为对照。接种7 d后,观察并记录发病情况。致病性测定重复3次。
(1)形态学鉴定。主要依据LESLIE等[24]的形态学分类鉴定方法,将分离物接种到PDA培养基上,置于25 ℃培养箱恒温培养,培养5 d后观察记录菌落形态特征;使用CLA培养基和绿豆液体培养基诱导产孢,待产孢后,利用显微镜观察并测量孢子大小。
(2)分子生物学鉴定。以形态学鉴定结果为基础,选取分离到的菌株接种到PDA培养基上,28 ℃恒温培养5 d,取0.1 g菌丝,采用CTAB法[25]提取病原菌基因组的DNA。采用rDNA-ITS扩增进行病原菌属水平的鉴定,采用翻译延伸因子1-α(translation elongation factor 1-α,TEF-1α)扩增进行病原菌种的鉴定。rDNA-ITS基因扩增采用真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区通用引物ITS1(5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′)和ITS4(5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′)[26];TEF-1α基因扩增采用引物EF1T(5′-ATGGGTAAGGAGGACAAGAC-3′)和EF2T(5′-GGAAGTACCAGTGATCATGTT-3′)[27](由北京擎科生物有限公司合成)进行PCR扩增后,委托北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司进行纯化和测序。将测序所得的DNA序列与NCBIGenBank数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)和Fusarium-ID镰刀菌数据库(https://www.fusarium.org)中进行同源性比对,同时将DNA序列上传到NCBI数据库获得序列登录号。利用Mega 7.0软件构建系统发育树,采用邻接法(neighbour-joining,NJ),bootstrap value设置为1000,确定该菌株的分类地位。
满天星茎腐病发生在幼苗期间,在所调查的满天星大棚基地内,该病害发病率约为10%。受感染的植株中,典型的症状是萎蔫和茎腐烂,在早期发病症状的植株中发现其根部尚未见坏死(图1)。
图2图3所示,通过满天星组培苗和盆栽苗接种分离物7 d后,观察到植株茎部腐烂和萎蔫症状,而在CK植株上未观察到发病症状。柯赫氏法则证明该真菌分离物可造成满天星组培苗、盆栽苗表现出与田间病株相似的症状,并分离获得与满天星病株初分离物菌落形态相同的真菌菌株。
将在满天星茎基部分离到的病原菌(KMHK4-2)接入PDA培养基,置于25 ℃恒温箱中培养,菌丝生长迅速并产生大量的致密气生菌丝,在PDA培养基上菌丝颜色从白色到淡橙色、黄色不等,PDA培养基背面有暗红色色素沉积,培养5 d后,菌落可长满直径为9 cm的培养基(图4A图4B)。
挑取菌落至CLA培养基中诱导其产孢,于25 ℃恒温培养15 d,在显微镜下可见少量大型分生孢子,大型分生孢子相对细长,呈镰刀形,腹面较平直,背侧呈拱形,3~6个隔膜,未见小型分生孢子。从PDA培养基中打下菌饼,置于绿豆液体培养基中,于25 ℃摇床培养5~7 d产生大量分生孢子,分生孢子形态与CLA培养基中基本一致,具有3~6个隔膜,未见小型分生孢子,分生孢子大小为(21.1~57.9)µm×(2.7~5.1)µm(n=100)(图4C)。根据病原菌的形态特征,参考LESLIE等[24]的形态学分类鉴定方法,将满天星茎腐病的病原初步鉴定为广义上的禾谷镰刀菌,即禾谷镰孢复合种(F. graminearum species complex,FGSC)。
选取ITS和TEF-1α基因序列对菌株KMHK4-2的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,分别获得大小为519、650 bp的片段。将分离物ITS和TEF的序列提交至GenBank,获得登录号ITS(Accession No. OP257274)、TEF(Accession No. OP302808),在GenBank数据库和Fusarium-ID数据库中进行同源性检索。菌株KMHK4-2的ITS序列在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对,结合形态学观察和构建系统进化树(图5),该菌株初步鉴定为禾谷镰孢复合种。为进一步明确该菌株的具体种类,扩增TEF-1α基因片段,将测序结果与NCBI的GenBank数据库和Fusarium-ID数据库进行同源性比对,结果显示菌株KMHK4-2的序列与南方镰孢菌(F. meridionale)DS27(MN629330.1)、CBS 110247(AF212435.1)等菌株的相似度达100%。从GenBank数据库中下载禾谷镰孢复合种的模式菌株序列,采用Mega 7.0软件中的neighbour-joining法构建系统进化树(图6)。从进化树可以看出,菌株KMHK4-2的TEF-1α序列与南方镰孢菌的不同菌株聚在同一分支。综上所述,结合形态学鉴定和分子生物学鉴定,将KMHK4-2确定为南方镰孢菌(F. meridionale)。
ITS序列因其间隔序列较短,利于PCR的扩增,被广泛应用于真菌分类的标记序列,但ITS作为rDNA中的中度保守区,对部分间隔区差异性较小的真菌(如镰刀菌属),只适合属水平上的鉴定,对属内种的鉴定并不适合[28]。本研究在NCBI数据库进行BLAST比对过程中也发现,只能将病原菌鉴定到镰刀菌属,无法将其准确鉴定到具体种。TEF-1α序列是编码蛋白翻译装置的主要部分,在镰刀菌种水平上含有丰富的信息量,分辨率高,与ITS序列相比种间差异更大,且具有稳定性和多样性,目前在镰刀菌种类鉴定上应用广泛,可作为对镰刀菌种类划分的一个重要补充[29-31]。DONG等[32]通过形态学和TEF-1α序列鉴定并首次报道了水稻上的一种赤霉病菌为南方镰孢菌。因此,为进一步准确鉴定到具体的种,在ITS序列的基础上结合TEF-1α序列分析,将镰刀菌鉴定到具体的种。
通过DNA标记进行真菌鉴定最广泛使用的算法是基于序列比对的搜索工具(BLAST),可以在NCBI的GenBank网站上获得,这是一种快速而有效的方法,该数据库可以提供大量信息,但存在大量鉴定错误的菌株和必须过滤掉的低质量序列,必须仔细分析其结果[33-34]。O’DONNELL等[35]和GEISER等[36]在系统发育分析中发现,使用的一些序列似乎与错误的镰刀菌名称有关,可能是由于使用了所用数据库中的错误序列。Fusarium-ID数据库是一个用于鉴定镰刀菌种、属的专用数据库,可进行常规分离菌株的序列相似性分析[37]。因此,本研究为了更准确地鉴定,在NCBI基础上结合Fusarium-ID数据库进行序列检索。
满天星是一种主要作为填充切花的世界性作物,由土壤传播病原体引起的真菌病害中,疫霉病和立枯病是世界上最具毁灭性的满天星病害。在栽培过程中,腐霉属和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)尤其具有危害性。在成熟植株中,镰刀菌属会造成基部组织腐烂,导致植株死亡[18]。由镰刀菌属侵染造成的满天星腐烂,在阿根廷、以色列、韩国、波兰均有相关报道[18],这些镰刀菌属病原菌包括拟轮枝镰孢菌(F. verticillioides)、层出镰孢菌(F. proliferatum)、串珠镰刀菌、黄色镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌。其中,20世纪90年代在阿根廷,禾谷镰刀菌被WOLCAN等[21]首次确定为满天星茎腐病的病原菌,但仅鉴定为禾谷镰孢复合种,未确定具体的亚种。该研究还强调禾谷镰刀菌很少感染满天星的根部,在受感染的情况下,茎基部组织出现坏死,颜色呈黑褐色并开始扩散,枯萎的叶片仍然长在茎上。侧芽数量减少,作物的生命周期缩短,造成一定的经济损失。满天星茎腐病在中国鲜有报道,据查询文献,这是我国首次报道由南方镰孢菌引起的满天星茎腐病,本研究为满天星的病害监测和综合治理提供了理论基础。
镰刀菌属除了能引起世界性病害,在农业生产上造成严重的经济损失,还能产生多种毒枝菌素的次级代谢物污染农产品,严重威胁人类及动物健康。因此,测定南方镰孢菌产生的毒素类型是下一步的研究方向,植物病原菌毒素的研究将为新型杀菌剂的开发提供理论依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1400800)
  • 云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室开放基金项目(2021ZDK003)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.014
  • 接收时间:2023-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-13
  • 修回日期:2023-04-20
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1400800)
云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室开放基金项目(2021ZDK003)
作者信息
    1.云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
    2.云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201
    3.云南农业大学云南-国际应用生物科学中心跨境有害生物综合防控联合实验室,云南昆明 650201

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* 李成云(LI Chengyun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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