Article(id=1276190614404330029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1675267200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-02, revisedDate=1680624000000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197152948, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197152948, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197152948, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197152948, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=983, endPage=991, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190615696175663, articleId=1276190614404330029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Pathogenicity and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria of Coffee Anthrax, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Anthracnose is a common disease of coffee, which causes serious loss to the yield and quality of coffee fruit. The research on pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria causing coffee anthracnose and screening of effective antagonists would provide reference for the biological control of coffee anthracnose. Four coffee anthracnose pathogens Wyq1 (Colletotrichum siamense), Yyq1 (C. fructicola), Xbd1 (C. gloeosporioides) and Hb1 (C. theobromicola) were isolated and tested for pathogenicity by spore suspension, and the most virulent strains were selected for further experiments. The biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria were studied by the plate culture method. Screening of antagonistic bacteria was done by the plate confrontation method. Xbd1 strain could infect healthy coffee leaves, and its virulence was the strongest among the four strains. The most suitable medium for the vegetative growth was PDA. The optimal nitrogen source was tryptone. The most suitable carbon source was glucose. The optimum temperature was 28 ℃. The optimal pH was 7. The difference of vegetative growth was not significant under different light conditions. Bacillus subtilis MC4-2, B. tequilensis D5-8, B. velezensis MC2-1 and B. flexus ZLSY3 and B. amyloliticus GJ7 showed good antagonistic effect in indoor screening. B. subtilis MC4-2 had the best antagonistic effect, with an inhibitory rate of 57.8%. The study would lay the foundation for the control of anthrax and the development of biocontrol agents.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chunlan SHI, Deqiang QIN, Xiaoping QIN, Quanjun LIU, Mingchuan HE, Xi GAO, Ping TANG, Guoxing WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guoxing WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190617885602367, articleId=1276190614404330029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=咖啡炭疽病菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

炭疽病是咖啡的一种常见病害,对咖啡果实的产量和质量造成严重损失,开展引起咖啡炭疽病的病原菌致病性及其生物学特性研究,并筛选有效的拮抗菌,将为咖啡炭疽病的生物防治提供参考依据。对实验室分离并保存的4株咖啡炭疽病病原Wyq1(Colletotrichum siamense)、Yyq1(C. fructicola)、Xbd1(C. gloeosporioides)、Hb1(C. theobromicola)孢子悬浮液进行致病性测定,并选择致病力最强的菌株进行后续试验;通过平板培养法测定病原菌的生物学特性,采用平板对峙法对病原菌进行拮抗菌筛选。致病性测定结果显示,4株菌株均可侵染健康咖啡叶片,且在4株病原菌中菌株Xbd1的致病力最强;对菌株Xbd1的生物学特性测定结果表明,营养生长最适培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),最适氮源为胰蛋白胨,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适温度为28 ℃,最适pH为7,不同光照对其营养生长的差异不显著。室内拮抗菌筛选中有5株拮抗效果较好,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)MC4-2、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B. tequilensis)D5-8、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)MC2-1、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B. flexus)ZLSY3和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliticus)GJ7,其中拮抗效果最好的是枯草芽孢杆菌MC4-2,抑制率达57.8%。通过咖啡炭疽病病原菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选,明确了该病原菌的致病性,筛选得到的5株拮抗菌的拮抗效果均较好,为炭疽病的防治及其生防菌剂的开发奠定基础。

, authors=

施春兰(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物农药开发与利用。

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* 吴国星(WU Guoxing),E-mail:
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施春兰(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物农药开发与利用。

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施春兰(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物农药开发与利用。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Identification and biocontrol efficacy assessment of yeast stran against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of mango fruit and its stress resistance improvement, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277242031407764055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, awardId=202105AC160037, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技计划项目(202105AC160037), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277242031479067224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, awardId=2019533517000692, language=CN, fundingSource=JDE(Jacobs Douwe Egberts)项目(2019533517000692), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277242014236283409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242014244672018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, companyId=1277242014236283409, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242014253060627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, companyId=1277242014236283409, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277242029969117767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Symptoms of strain-infested leaves, figureFileSmall=uehNCXloamp9h1/+Zxc7jA==, figureFileBig=KLxq0neDgTOueDHPQoEMvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030082363976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株侵染的叶片发病症状, figureFileSmall=uehNCXloamp9h1/+Zxc7jA==, figureFileBig=KLxq0neDgTOueDHPQoEMvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030170444361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of different culture media on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=C3SBlNioWn+8wjqjtaObUQ==, figureFileBig=TvSsiRXL3nwIUa0vCT6r6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030363382346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同培养基对Xbd1菌株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=C3SBlNioWn+8wjqjtaObUQ==, figureFileBig=TvSsiRXL3nwIUa0vCT6r6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030426296907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of different carbon sources on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=k/mI/R8fjg3PTE3M8tIRYQ==, figureFileBig=ILA3g8qnZ5Fl78ap/3JGkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030489211468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同碳源对Xbd1菌株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=k/mI/R8fjg3PTE3M8tIRYQ==, figureFileBig=ILA3g8qnZ5Fl78ap/3JGkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030573097549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of different nitrogen sources on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=hA97J3gUQgSSJ10h7USWMA==, figureFileBig=LIqDxtyaNUJKuyVSJ5SfwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030648595022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同氮源对Xbd1菌株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=hA97J3gUQgSSJ10h7USWMA==, figureFileBig=LIqDxtyaNUJKuyVSJ5SfwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030724092495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of different temperatures on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=4IOKq0obS5og9pxlvj9SFA==, figureFileBig=SBE2v/9MHZU0hXy+oSBvpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030791201360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同温度对Xbd1营养生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4IOKq0obS5og9pxlvj9SFA==, figureFileBig=SBE2v/9MHZU0hXy+oSBvpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030879281745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of different pH on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=J8vtaeJdDk1fIYAkTTNTDg==, figureFileBig=J3vdYMVNGZb3HVkQqfjtuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242030946390610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同pH对Xbd1菌株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=J8vtaeJdDk1fIYAkTTNTDg==, figureFileBig=J3vdYMVNGZb3HVkQqfjtuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242031013499475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of different light duration on the growth of Xbd1 strain, figureFileSmall=9hbg9crSrX30AjLtNW2+dw==, figureFileBig=I8Y4/+UV7KiCG/46YCVU8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242031101579860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同光照时长对Xbd1菌株生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=9hbg9crSrX30AjLtNW2+dw==, figureFileBig=I8Y4/+UV7KiCG/46YCVU8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242031181271637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Antagonistic effect of biocontrol bacteria on coffee anthracnose pathogen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号Strain No.拉丁名Latin name抑制率Inhibition rate/%
MC4-2B. subtilis57.8±1.09a
D5-8B. tequilensis47.0±0.60d
MC2-1B. velezensis55.8±1.08b
ZLSY3B. flexus52.6±0.67c
GJ7B. amyloliquefaciens55.7±0.47b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242031260963414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190614404330029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

拮抗菌对咖啡炭疽病病原菌的拮抗效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株编号Strain No.拉丁名Latin name抑制率Inhibition rate/%
MC4-2B. subtilis57.8±1.09a
D5-8B. tequilensis47.0±0.60d
MC2-1B. velezensis55.8±1.08b
ZLSY3B. flexus52.6±0.67c
GJ7B. amyloliquefaciens55.7±0.47b
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咖啡炭疽病菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选
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施春兰 , 秦得强 , 秦小萍 , 刘全俊 , 何明川 , 高熹 , 唐萍 , 吴国星 *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(5): 983-991
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (5) : 983 -991
咖啡炭疽病菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选
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施春兰(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物农药开发与利用。

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施春兰(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物农药开发与利用。

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施春兰, 秦得强, 秦小萍, 刘全俊, 何明川, 高熹, 唐萍, 吴国星*
作者信息
  • 云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
* 吴国星(WU Guoxing),E-mail:
Pathogenicity and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria of Coffee Anthrax
Chunlan SHI, Deqiang QIN, Xiaoping QIN, Quanjun LIU, Mingchuan HE, Xi GAO, Ping TANG, Guoxing WU*
Affiliations
  • College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.013
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炭疽病是咖啡的一种常见病害,对咖啡果实的产量和质量造成严重损失,开展引起咖啡炭疽病的病原菌致病性及其生物学特性研究,并筛选有效的拮抗菌,将为咖啡炭疽病的生物防治提供参考依据。对实验室分离并保存的4株咖啡炭疽病病原Wyq1(Colletotrichum siamense)、Yyq1(C. fructicola)、Xbd1(C. gloeosporioides)、Hb1(C. theobromicola)孢子悬浮液进行致病性测定,并选择致病力最强的菌株进行后续试验;通过平板培养法测定病原菌的生物学特性,采用平板对峙法对病原菌进行拮抗菌筛选。致病性测定结果显示,4株菌株均可侵染健康咖啡叶片,且在4株病原菌中菌株Xbd1的致病力最强;对菌株Xbd1的生物学特性测定结果表明,营养生长最适培养基为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),最适氮源为胰蛋白胨,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适温度为28 ℃,最适pH为7,不同光照对其营养生长的差异不显著。室内拮抗菌筛选中有5株拮抗效果较好,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)MC4-2、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B. tequilensis)D5-8、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)MC2-1、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B. flexus)ZLSY3和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliticus)GJ7,其中拮抗效果最好的是枯草芽孢杆菌MC4-2,抑制率达57.8%。通过咖啡炭疽病病原菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选,明确了该病原菌的致病性,筛选得到的5株拮抗菌的拮抗效果均较好,为炭疽病的防治及其生防菌剂的开发奠定基础。

咖啡炭疽病  /  致病性  /  生物学特性  /  拮抗菌筛选

Anthracnose is a common disease of coffee, which causes serious loss to the yield and quality of coffee fruit. The research on pathogenicity and biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria causing coffee anthracnose and screening of effective antagonists would provide reference for the biological control of coffee anthracnose. Four coffee anthracnose pathogens Wyq1 (Colletotrichum siamense), Yyq1 (C. fructicola), Xbd1 (C. gloeosporioides) and Hb1 (C. theobromicola) were isolated and tested for pathogenicity by spore suspension, and the most virulent strains were selected for further experiments. The biological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria were studied by the plate culture method. Screening of antagonistic bacteria was done by the plate confrontation method. Xbd1 strain could infect healthy coffee leaves, and its virulence was the strongest among the four strains. The most suitable medium for the vegetative growth was PDA. The optimal nitrogen source was tryptone. The most suitable carbon source was glucose. The optimum temperature was 28 ℃. The optimal pH was 7. The difference of vegetative growth was not significant under different light conditions. Bacillus subtilis MC4-2, B. tequilensis D5-8, B. velezensis MC2-1 and B. flexus ZLSY3 and B. amyloliticus GJ7 showed good antagonistic effect in indoor screening. B. subtilis MC4-2 had the best antagonistic effect, with an inhibitory rate of 57.8%. The study would lay the foundation for the control of anthrax and the development of biocontrol agents.

coffee anthracnose  /  pathogenic  /  biological characteristics  /  screening of antagonistic bacteria
施春兰, 秦得强, 秦小萍, 刘全俊, 何明川, 高熹, 唐萍, 吴国星. 咖啡炭疽病菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 983 -991 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.013
Chunlan SHI, Deqiang QIN, Xiaoping QIN, Quanjun LIU, Mingchuan HE, Xi GAO, Ping TANG, Guoxing WU. Pathogenicity and Screening of Antagonistic Bacteria of Coffee Anthrax[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 983 -991 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.013
咖啡是茜草科咖啡属多年生经济作物,其产量及消费量是世界三大饮料作物(咖啡、茶叶、可可)之首。我国咖啡种植主要集中于云南和海南,云南作为咖啡的主产区,种植面积达11.8万hm2,98%的咖啡来自云南[1-2]。炭疽病是咖啡的一种常见病害,对咖啡果实的产量和品质造成严重损失。当下咖啡炭疽病的防治一般多以百菌清、波尔多液等化学农药为主要手段,辅以修枝、清理病叶等手段,但长期使用化学农药易造成农药残留、水源污染、土壤产生抗药性等问题[3]。而生物防治具有无污染、无公害、高效等优点,在各种病害的综合防治中发挥着越来越重要的作用[4]。因此,明确云南咖啡炭疽病病原菌的生物学特性以及找到适合的生防菌对其进行生物防治,对云南咖啡产业的健康发展具有重要意义。
相关研究发现,卡哈瓦炭疽菌(Colletotrichum kahawae)会引发咖啡浆果病(CBD),导致高达80%的产量损失。胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides)和尖孢炭疽菌(C. acutatum)也发生在咖啡上,并导致成熟浆果疾病[5],而且胶孢炭疽菌还被证实是引起老挝小粒种咖啡炭疽病的病原[6]。CRISTÓBAL-MARTÍNEZ等[7]在墨西哥咖啡发病的叶片、枝条和浆果上分离鉴定得到C. gigasporumC. gloeosporioidesC. karstiiC. siamenseC. theobromicola等5种炭疽菌。CAO等[8]报道了C. endophyticaC. fructicolaC. ledongenseC. siamenseC. tropicaleC. karstiiC. gigasporum等海南地区咖啡的8种炭疽病病菌。中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所热带特色经济作物病害研究室于2018—2019年,在云南省和海南省9个咖啡种植基地通过采集具典型炭疽病病症的咖啡叶片进行病原菌分离,经组织分离、纯化,共获得74个菌株,综合相关研究数据表明,咖啡炭疽病在我国的发生情况比较严重[9]
目前,咖啡炭疽病拮抗细菌以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为主,拮抗真菌以木霉属(Trichoderma)为主,且多数拮抗菌来源于根际土壤或者植物体内,少有分离筛选自昆虫的拮抗菌。ADEBANJO等[10]发现2株绿色木霉菌(T. viride)对接种有炭疽病菌的种子具有良好的抗感染保护作用。汪远等[11]从红树植物秋茄植株内分离得到的内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌Kc-38菌株,开展该菌株对芒果炭疽病的防治研究,其防治效果可达到65.12%。RODRÍGUEZ等[12]通过研究发现,孢裂链霉菌(Ascochyta phaseoloru)对咖啡幼苗上的胶孢炭疽菌具有较高的抑制活性,对咖啡幼苗叶面施用孢裂链霉菌7 d后,在咖啡幼苗叶片接种胶孢炭疽菌,可使咖啡炭疽病发病率降至32%~41%。陈梅春等[13]发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌FJAT-2349对枇杷炭疽病菌有抑制作用,其抑制率达87.8%,且该菌株的脂肽物质也可有效抑制枇杷炭疽病菌。张晓勇等[14]发现贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SB023的发酵液对芒果炭疽病病原菌有较好抑制活性。梁艳琼等[15]研究发现,解淀粉芽孢杆菌JNC2对柱花草炭疽病菌的抑制效果较好,其抑菌率可达66%以上。。蔡甜星等[16]利用从土壤中分离得到的放线菌V17对胶孢炭疽菌进行抑菌试验,发现该菌株可以通过抑制菌丝和孢子生长而抑制病原菌的生长。任森等[17]从昆虫肠道中获得10株木霉菌,平板对峙显示加纳木霉(T. ghanense)HNDF-T-6对芒果炭疽病菌的抑菌率可高达85.64%。张静雅等[18]从木薯根际土中分离得到对木薯炭疽病菌具抑制效果的短密木霉(T. brevicompactum)、棘孢木霉(T. asperellum)和长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum),其中长枝木霉ZJB3-12对木薯炭疽病菌的抑制效果最好。炭疽病发生为害较广,但对咖啡炭疽病的相关研究较少,并且鲜有对咖啡炭疽病进行拮抗菌筛选的相关研究。实验室前期从景洪市大窝塘村采集感染炭疽病的新鲜咖啡病叶,并分离鉴定出4株咖啡炭疽病菌,本研究对4株病原菌进行生物学特性研究,选用实验室已有不同来源的拮抗菌,采用平板对峙法筛选出对病原菌具有较好抑制作用的生防菌株,为咖啡炭疽病生物防治提供参考依据。
病原菌:供试病原菌共4株,暹罗炭疽菌(C. siamense)、果生刺盘孢菌(C. fructicola)、胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides)、草莓炭疽病菌(C. theobromicola)各1株。
拮抗菌:供试拮抗菌共26株,包括10株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、1株迪茨氏菌(Dietzia sp.)、6株泛菌(Pantoea sp.)、3株类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)、1株微杆菌(Microbacterium sp.)、1株肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)、1株莫拉菌(Moraxella sp.)、1株红球菌(Rhodococcus sp.)、1株不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)、1株克吕沃尔氏菌(Kluyvera sp.)。其中,21株分离自泽兰实蝇(Procecidochares utilis)幼虫、3株分离自美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、2株分离自土壤。均保存于本实验室,备用。
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA):马铃薯20 g/L,蔗糖2 g/L,琼脂1.5 g/L,121 ℃灭菌30 min。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA):马铃薯20 g/L,葡萄糖2 g/L,琼脂1.5 g/L,121 ℃灭菌30 min。
燕麦琼脂培养基(OA):燕麦3 g/L,琼脂1.8 g/L,121 ℃灭菌30 min。
察氏培养基(Czapek):硝酸钠0.2 g/L,磷酸氢二钾0.1 g/L,氯化钾0.05 g/L,硫酸镁0.05 g/L,硫酸亚铁0.001 g/L,蔗糖3 g/L,琼脂2 g/L,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
葡萄糖CAM培养基:玉米粉20 g/L,葡萄糖2 g/L,琼脂1.5 g/L,121 ℃灭菌30 min。
LB培养基:蛋白胨1 g/L,酵母提取物0.5 g/L,氯化钠1 g/L,琼脂1.5 g/L,121 ℃灭菌20 min。
蛋白胨、牛肉膏、葡萄糖、酵母浸粉和氯化钠等分析纯试剂均购自广东环凯微生物科技有限公司。超净工作台购自江苏安泰空气技术有限公司,冰箱购自青岛海尔股份有限公司,高压灭菌锅购自ZEALWAY GR85DA,–80 ℃超低温冰箱购自THErmo 906,SPX-300B-Ⅱ型生化培养箱购自北京市永光明医疗仪器有限公司,普通天平购自赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司,人工气候箱购自宁波东南仪器有限公司,电热鼓风恒温干燥箱购自上海市崇明实验仪器厂。
参考徐丹丹等[19]的方法,略有改动。将菌株接种于PDA培养基上,在28 ℃的条件下培养7 d,备用。选择新鲜、健康、大小均一的咖啡嫩叶作为接种材料,在接种前,先用3%~5%的次氯酸钠水溶液浸泡10 min,然后于70%酒精浸泡30 s,再用灭菌水冲洗3次,用无菌滤纸吸干组织表面残留的水分,置于接种盘中。取菌株生长过程中产生的橘红色分生孢子团于无菌水中,将其配成浓度为105个/mL的孢子悬浮液。各取50 µL孢子悬浮液于叶片穿刺部位进行涂抹接种,每个处理重复3次,并以穿刺不接种的咖啡叶片作为对照(CK)。处理后的咖啡叶片置于培养皿中保持湿润处理,于28 ℃培养箱中进行培养。定期观察叶片产生的病斑情况,选择病斑最大即致病性最强的病原菌进行后续实验。
(1)不同培养基对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。在PDA培养基上培养7 d的病原菌在无菌环境下打成直径为6 mm的菌饼,分别接种到PDA、PSA、OA、Czapek、葡萄糖CAM培养基上。置于28 ℃恒温培养箱培养,每隔12 h通过十字交叉法测定并记录菌丝直径。每个处理设置3个重复。比较不同培养基对菌丝体生长速率的影响。
(2)不同碳源对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。参考王汉荣等[20]和张春霞等[21]的方法,并略作修改。以Czapek培养基为基础培养基,分别加入等量的葡萄糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇、淀粉、乳糖替换Czapek培养基中的蔗糖,配置对应培养基,以蔗糖为碳源作对照。根据1.2.2-(1)的方法,比较不同碳源对菌丝体生长速率的影响。
(3)不同氮源对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。与1.2.2-(1)相同,以Czapek培养基为基础培养基,分别加入等量的赖氨酸、牛肉浸膏、酵母浸膏、胰蛋白胨、氯化铵替换Czapek培养基中的硝酸钠,配置对应培养基,以硝酸钠为氮源作对照。根据1.2.2-(1)的方法,比较不同氮源对菌丝体生长速率的影响。
(4)不同温度对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。以上述试验获得的最适培养基作为基础培养基,设置15、20、25、28、30、37 ℃ 6个不同的温度梯度。根据1.2.2-(1)的方法,测定不同温度条件下菌丝体的生长速率。
(5)不同pH对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。以最适PDA培养基为基础培养基,用0.1%盐酸或0.1%的氢氧化钠调节培养基pH,设置5、6、7、8、9、10等6个pH梯度。根据1.2.2-(1)的方法,测定不同pH条件下菌丝体的生长速率。
(6)光照时长对真菌菌丝体生长的影响。以最适PDA培养基为基础培养基,设置3个不同光照条件,L∶D分别为24∶0、12∶12、0∶24。根据1.2.2-(1)的方法,测定不同光照条件下菌丝体的生长速率。
参照何明川等[22]的方法。供试拮抗菌提前在LB液体培养基中活化,然后将发酵液稀释涂布,得到相应的菌株,再接种至LB培养基上培养。用无菌牙签在距菌饼约2 cm处以“十”字线对称接种拮抗菌,开展平板对峙试验,然后置于28 ℃培养箱中培养。每个处理设置3个重复。与对照组进行比较,计算抑菌率。
采用SPSS 20.0、GraphPad Prism 8.0和Microsoft Excel 2010软件对试验数据进行处理分析和制作图表[23];采用Duncan’s新复极差法检验不同处理间的差异显著性。
相关计算公式:菌落直径(cm)=(横径+纵径)/2;抑菌率=(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/对照菌落直径×100%,其中处理菌落直径为对称拮抗菌两点间的距离减去拮抗菌的抑菌圈半径[22]
致病性结果如图1所示,Wyq1、Yyq1、Xbd1、Hb1菌株均能侵染新鲜健康的咖啡叶片并引发症状。用橘色粘团配置的孢子液侵染4 d后,叶片发病症状为:Wyq1菌株侵染后的病斑直径为6.8~9.2 mm;Yyq1菌株侵染后的病斑直径为4.5~ 6.4 mm;Hb1菌株侵染后的病斑直径为7.2~ 10.1 mm;Xbd1菌株侵染后的病斑直径为19.0~23.0 mm;而CK叶片仅有穿刺后氧化留下的孔洞。结果表明Xbd1菌株的致病性最强。
图2所示,在不同培养基上,Xbd1菌株的菌丝生长有差异。可以看出培养132 h后适合Xbd1菌株生长的培养基有PDA、PSA、Czapek培养基,菌落直径分别达53.1、52.8、52.4 mm,但在葡萄糖CAM培养基(CPA)上,其菌落直径仅42.4 mm,表明葡萄糖CAM培养基不适宜菌株Xbd1生长,PDA培养基是其最适生长培养基。
图3所示,培养132 h后,Xbd1菌株菌丝体在葡萄糖、麦芽糖、淀粉、蔗糖不同碳源培养基上的菌落直径无显著差异,菌落直径分别为53.4、53.2、52.7、52.4 mm,而以乳糖为碳源的培养基中其菌落直径最小,仅为39.1 mm,生长速度相对较慢。因此,Xbd1菌株生长的最适碳源为葡萄糖。
图4所示,培养132 h后,Xbd1菌株在不同氮源中对有机氮源和无机氮源的利用差异显著。以胰蛋白胨为氮源的培养基中,其菌落直径最大为52.6 mm,其次是硝酸钠和酵母浸膏,菌落直径分别为52.4、46.0 mm,牛肉浸膏和赖氨酸培养基中的菌落直径较小,分别为41.3、37.2 mm,以氯化铵为氮源的培养基中其菌落直径最小,仅21.0 mm,氯化铵是最不适合该菌株生长的氮源。因此,Xbd1菌株的最适氮源为胰蛋白胨。
图5所示,在15~28 ℃时,随温度的升高,Xbd1菌株的菌落直径逐渐增大,30 ℃时菌落直径逐渐减小,37 ℃时菌株生长受到严重抑制,菌丝无法在PDA培养基上扩展。从菌落直径来看,Xbd1菌株生长的最适温度为28 ℃,其菌落直径为53.9 mm。
图6所示,在不同pH条件下,Xbd1菌株菌丝的营养生长差异不显著,在pH为5~10范围内该菌株均可以较好生长,pH为7时营养生长最快,其菌落直径为52.1 mm。
图7所示,Xbd1菌株在不同光照时长下的生长存在显著差异。该菌株在24 h光照条件下生长最好,其菌落直径为54.0 mm;其次是12 h光照;0 h光照条件下菌株生长情况最差,其菌落直径仅36.4 mm。
通过拮抗菌的室内平板对峙试验,由表1可知,26株供试拮抗菌中(表中未体现抑制率为0的菌株),仅有5株芽孢杆菌具有拮抗效果,其抑菌活性均较好,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis)MC4-2、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B. tequilensis)D5-8、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)MC2-1、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B. flexus)ZLSY3和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliticus)GJ7,其中枯草芽孢杆菌MC4-2的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率为57.8%;其次是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MC2-1,抑菌率为55.8%;特基拉芽孢杆菌D5-8抑制率较低,仅为47.0%。
胶孢炭疽菌属子囊菌亚门腔孢纲黑盘孢目黑盘孢科炭疽菌属真菌,病原菌分生孢子长圆形、圆柱形或椭圆形,单细胞,无色[24],是一种咖啡的弱病原体,感染成熟浆果,导致坏死病变。该病原菌也可以引起辣椒、芒果、柠檬、橡胶[25]、大豆等其他作物的炭疽病。徐丹丹等[19]采用孢子悬浮液对咖啡叶片进行致病性试验,结果表明,分离到的咖啡炭疽菌中,与胶孢炭疽菌复合种相似的CA-16、CA-6两株病原菌的致病性较强,其病斑直径可以达到19.2~25.5 mm。陆英等[26]通过菌饼接种法接种咖啡叶片,并以病斑占叶片的面积来判断其致病力强弱,通过试验发现鉴定的3种炭疽菌中,草莓炭疽菌(C. theobromicola)的致病力最强。本研究在进行致病性探究时采用孢子悬浮液涂抹接种咖啡叶片,发现菌株Xbd1的病斑直径可达19.0~23.0 mm,与菌株Yyq1、Wyq1、Hb1相比,菌株Xbd1的致病性最强。
光照、pH、温度、培养基类型、氮源、碳源等因素对炭疽病病原菌的生长有较大影响[27]。本研究结果表明:适合菌株Xbd1生长的培养基有PDA、Czapek、PSA培养基,而PDA培养基是最适培养基。肖文斐等[28]在研究胶孢炭疽菌的生物学特性时也发现PDA培养基是最适合其生长的培养基,其次是PSA培养基。适合Xbd1菌株生长的最佳氮源是胰蛋白胨,最佳碳源为葡萄糖。Xbd1菌株在15~30 ℃范围内均可生长,30 ℃以上生长减缓,37 ℃时严重抑制生长,Xbd1菌株适宜生长的温度范围与黄思良等[27]的研究结果相比,Xbd1菌株的温度范围稍窄。与姚锦爱等[29]研究的适宜温度范围一致。最适生长温度与李菲菲[30]的研究结果一致,均为28 ℃。Xbd1菌株对酸碱的耐受性很强,生长范围较广,pH在5~11之间均可生长。Xbd1菌株在不同的酸碱和温度条件下均可较好生长,说明其适应性很强。李延浩[31]研究发现不同光照条件对菌株生长并无影响,而本研究中全光照和全黑暗条件下Xbd1菌株长势较好,而12 h光照条件下菌株长势较差,其可能与光照交替有关,说明同一病原菌在不同寄主植物上的发病情况以及生物学特性均存在一定差异。
目前炭疽菌的拮抗菌多以芽孢杆菌属为主,芽孢杆菌具有特殊的性质,可以产生抗生素,对真菌和一些细菌病原体具有拮抗活性,其代谢物可以促进植物生长,并且通过影响根际微生物,触发宿主的防御反应提高植物的抗逆性,使芽孢杆菌成为很好的生物防治剂[32]。本研究开展炭疽病拮抗菌的筛选,拮抗细菌来源于土壤、美洲大蠊肠道以及泽兰实蝇幼虫。本研究筛选到5株抑制效果较好的拮抗菌,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis)MC4-2、特基拉芽孢杆菌(B. tequilensis)D5-8、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B. velezensis)MC2-1、弯曲芽孢杆菌(B. flexus)ZLSY3、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)GJ7,其中拮抗效果最好的是来自美洲大蠊肠道的枯草芽孢杆菌MC4-2,但杨苑等[33]的研究结果表明,分离自土壤的枯草芽孢杆菌对炭疽菌的抑制率最弱,仅为34%,抑菌效果的差异可能是拮抗菌不同来源导致。徐睿等[34]利用油茶内生菌诱变获得枯草芽孢杆菌YL13,研究表明,该菌株对5种油茶炭疽菌[胶孢炭疽菌、暹罗炭疽菌(C. siamense)、果生炭疽菌(C. fructicola)、哈锐炭疽菌(C. horii)、山茶炭疽菌(C. camelliae)]均有拮抗效果,该菌株的发酵滤液对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制率高达83.46%。吕倩等[35]从南海深海沉积样品中分离筛选得到一株甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B. methylotrophicus),该芽孢杆菌产生的抗真菌脂肽对黄瓜炭疽病有一定的抑制作用。韩长志等[36]在核桃根际土壤中分离出芽孢杆菌,并通过平板对峙获得其对核桃炭疽病的抑制率可达到80%以上。真菌对胶孢炭疽菌也有较好的抑制作用,胡丽杰等[37]在枸杞中分离得到4株内生真菌,其中镰刀属菌株NQ8GII4对胶孢炭疽菌的抑制率高达93.43%。高云慨[38]从海南芒果表面和伤口处筛选得到4株有较好生防活性的酵母菌,其中一株蒙毕赤氏酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii)LZ5对芒果炭疽病菌有明显的抑制作用。本研究仅探究拮抗菌对胶孢炭疽菌的室内抑制作用,还应展开拮抗机制和田间防治效果方面的研究。
通过咖啡炭疽病病原菌致病性测定及其拮抗菌筛选,明确4株病原真菌Wyq1(C. siamense)、Yyq1(C. fructicola)、Xbd1(C. gloeosporioides)、Hb1(C. theobromicola)中Xbd1菌株的致病性最强,对其进行生物学特性研究,并通过平板对峙筛选到对Xbd1菌株具有抑菌效果较好的5株拮抗菌,为咖啡炭疽病的防治及其生防菌剂的开发奠定基础。
  • 云南省科技计划项目(202105AC160037)
  • JDE(Jacobs Douwe Egberts)项目(2019533517000692)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.013
  • 接收时间:2023-02-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-02
  • 修回日期:2023-04-05
基金
云南省科技计划项目(202105AC160037)
JDE(Jacobs Douwe Egberts)项目(2019533517000692)
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    云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明 650201

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* 吴国星(WU Guoxing),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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