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Article(id=1276190566895452509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679414400000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-22, revisedDate=1686499200000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197141621, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197141621, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197141621, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197141621, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=915, endPage=927, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190567142916447, articleId=1276190566895452509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources Oriented by Functional Components of Polyphenols and Flavonoids, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Amomum tsao-ko (AT) is a medicinal and food homologous crop rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. The germplasm of AT is relatively mixed, and it is urgent to carry out research on AT germplasm resources and screening of high-quality AT seed sources. This study aimed to screen and evaluate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities of laxative active components of AT resources, and to explore the possible factors of component accumulation. In this study, a total of 57 samples were collected in Laos, Myanmar, Sichuan, Guangxi and Yunnan in China, and the polyphenol content and flavonoid content of AT aqueous extract were determined by forinphenol method and NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH colorimetric method, and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of AT aqueous extract was detected. The correlation between polyphenol and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and geographic factors was analyzed. The results showed that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in spindle-shaped AT resources was higher than that of oval fruit and round fruit, and the content of flavonoids in AT resources abroad and Nujiang was higher than that in other regions (outside the province, western Yunnan, southwest Yunnan, Wenshan and Honghe). The content of AT polyphenols and flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging capacity and altitude (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with longitude (P<0.05) and latitude (P>0.05), so it was speculated that the accumulation of AT polyphenols and flavonoids may be related to temperature, light, ultraviolet rays and soil moisture. Finally, according to polyphenols, flavonoids, the classification standards were formulated, and the AT resources were divided into three grades, which would provide an analysis method for the establishment of the AT quality grade evaluation system. The excellent AT resources were screened by this method as Nujiang samples GS-3 and GS-10 and foreign samples MDL-1 and MGK-2. This study would provide a scientific basis for the investigation and collection of AT, as well as the study of origin and evolution, and also lay a solid foundation for the utilization of AT resources and the development of industry in the future.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yifan HU, Xiaoyu GAO, Junyu SU, Mei AN, Linxia YANG, Shaobing YANG, Yang TIAN, Yuanhong FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoyu GAO, Yuanhong FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190570708074863, articleId=1276190566895452509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=多酚、黄酮功能性成分导向的草果种质资源评价, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

草果是一种富含多酚和黄酮的药食同源作物。功能性草果资源的研究评价是育种利用和产业化开发的核心。本研究旨在草果资源的通便活性成分多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性差异分析，进行草果种质资源的筛选评价，探讨成分积累的可能因素。对来自老挝、缅甸，我国四川、广西、云南的57份草果资源，采用福林酚法、NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH比色法分别测定草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力，分析多酚和黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、地理因子之间的相关性。结果表明：采用广靶代谢组学检测草果水提物的组分构成，检测出草果水提物中含量最高的为黄酮（46.34%）和多酚（15.98%）；通过小肠墨汁推进实验验证草果水提物具有润肠通便功效；纺锤形草果资源的多酚和黄酮含量高于椭圆形果和圆形果，国外和我国云南怒江的草果资源的黄酮含量高于其他地区种质；草果多酚、黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、海拔高度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与经度（P<0.05）、纬度（P>0.05）呈负相关，因此推测草果多酚和黄酮的积累可能与温度、光照、紫外线、土壤水分有关。以多酚和黄酮含量作为评价指标，将草果资源分为3个等级，利用该方法筛选到优良草果资源为我国云南怒江种质GS-3、GS-10和国外种质MDL-1、MGK-2。研究结果可为草果质量等级评价体系的建立提供分析方法，不但可以指导草果资源的考察和收集，而且可为草果资源的育种研究和新产品开发利用提供科学依据。

, authors=

胡一凡（1994—），女，博士研究生，研究方向：药用植物功能成分与资源评价。

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* 范源洪（FAN Yuanhong），E-mail：
高晓余（GAO Xiaoyu），E-mail：。
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胡一凡（1994—），女，博士研究生，研究方向：药用植物功能成分与资源评价。

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胡一凡（1994—），女，博士研究生，研究方向：药用植物功能成分与资源评价。

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Effects of ethanol extract of Amomum tsaoko crevost et lemarie on glucose and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in diabetic rats[D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2020. 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Study on anti-ovarian cancer of Amomum tsaoko by inhibiting angiogenesis[D]. Wuhan: Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021. 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figureFileBig=+Db0MdJH+Qkrd2YzHyGZMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976412049740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图1, caption=小鼠肠道的墨汁推进率

**表示与空白组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）；*表示与模型组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。

, figureFileSmall=t+H5pKWC8Zi40zE/S4nZfA==, figureFileBig=+Db0MdJH+Qkrd2YzHyGZMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976516907341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Polyphenols content in the A. tsao-ko aqueous extract, figureFileSmall=57cxbz19h9LHJ4xpIPLR6A==, figureFileBig=7NRs90aa9+GuX5rJM4Xq+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976600793422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图2, caption=草果水提物的多酚含量

A：纺锤形种质；B：椭圆形种质；C：圆形种质；D：怒江种质。

, figureFileSmall=57cxbz19h9LHJ4xpIPLR6A==, figureFileBig=7NRs90aa9+GuX5rJM4Xq+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976663707983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Flavonoids content in A. tsao-ko aqueous extract, figureFileSmall=WX5ZENlPbWr8SpTH1ZCBZg==, figureFileBig=EHQPbX0TV0B+YtBt+UyBHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976743399760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图3, caption=草果水提物的黄酮含量

A：纺锤形种质；B：椭圆形种质；C：圆形种质；D：怒江种质。

, figureFileSmall=WX5ZENlPbWr8SpTH1ZCBZg==, figureFileBig=EHQPbX0TV0B+YtBt+UyBHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976827285841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=DPPH radical scavenging ability in A. tsao-ko aqueous extract, figureFileSmall=9+DBmSnbyB5hn+STT2dHFA==, figureFileBig=IH1gT1oxqciO+sUZSGvVvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241976915366226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图4, caption=草果水提物的DPPH自由基清除能力

A：纺锤形种质；B：椭圆形种质；C：圆形种质；D：怒江种质。

, figureFileSmall=9+DBmSnbyB5hn+STT2dHFA==, figureFileBig=IH1gT1oxqciO+sUZSGvVvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977007640915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation between content of polyphenols and flavonoids of A. tsao-ko aqueous extract and DPPH radical scavenging ability, figureFileSmall=qx10n9Iwm5JESsJg5hjdMg==, figureFileBig=vYsTtcQmGsy6/GQ/WMEyyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977083138388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图5, caption=草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力的相关性, figureFileSmall=qx10n9Iwm5JESsJg5hjdMg==, figureFileBig=vYsTtcQmGsy6/GQ/WMEyyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977150247253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Correlation between content of polyphenols and flavonoids of A. tsao-ko aqueous extract and altitude, figureFileSmall=JDgis2UX+EUQgVXx/Qnm/Q==, figureFileBig=DfAlTHVb/rUMJTauCulrdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977225744726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图6, caption=草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量与海拔的相关性, figureFileSmall=JDgis2UX+EUQgVXx/Qnm/Q==, figureFileBig=DfAlTHVb/rUMJTauCulrdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977305436503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Correlation between content of polyphenols and flavonoids of A. tsao-ko aqueous extract and longitude and latitude, figureFileSmall=RR6DqBwm8s7E7Lpv/FD2sg==, figureFileBig=XMFW7IRFLw/mrcPj6bnLQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977401905496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=图7, caption=草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量与经纬度的相关性, figureFileSmall=RR6DqBwm8s7E7Lpv/FD2sg==, figureFileBig=XMFW7IRFLw/mrcPj6bnLQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241977464820057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Germplasm information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.种质Germplasm采集点Location of collection组别Group海拔Elevation/m经度Longitude/°E纬度Latitude/°N果形Fruit shape
1MGK-1老挝莫裹坎国外2000.0102.4818.01圆球形
2MGK-2老挝莫裹坎2000.0102.4818.01纺锤形
3MDL-1缅甸曼德勒1518.096.5421.57纺锤形
4YA-1中国四川省雅安市省外1500.0103.0029.99椭圆形
5YA-2中国四川省雅安市1500.0103.0029.99圆球形
6YA-3中国四川省雅安市1500.0103.0029.99纺锤形
7BS-1中国广西省百色市1432.0105.7723.18纺锤形
8GN-1中国云南省文山州广南县莲城镇文山1224.0105.0524.05椭圆形
9MG-1中国云南省文山州马关县篾厂乡1545.0104.2622.95椭圆形
10MG-2中国云南省文山州马关县篾厂乡1545.0104.2622.95椭圆形
11MG-3中国云南省文山州马关县古林箐乡1390.0103.9622.81椭圆形
12WS-1中国云南省文山州文山市新街乡2086.0103.8624.05椭圆形
13WS-2中国云南省文山州文山市新街乡2086.0103.8624.05纺锤形
14JP-1中国云南省红河州金平县阿德博乡红河1515.0103.2222.91圆球形
15JP-2中国云南省红河州金平县白马河镇1724.2103.2722.79纺锤形
16JP-3中国云南省红河州金平县阿德博乡1499.9103.1422.95圆球形
17JP-4中国云南省红河州金平县勐桥乡1429.9103.4122.85圆球形
18JP-5中国云南省红河州金平县马鞍底乡1579.3103.4722.77椭圆形
19JP-6中国云南省红河州金平县撒依坡乡1507.0103.2222.97椭圆形
20PB-1中国云南省红河州屏边县玉屏镇1473.0103.6922.98椭圆形
21YY-1中国云南省红河州元阳县马街乡1136.0102.6623.26椭圆形
22YY-2中国云南省红河州元阳县逢春岭乡1615.1103.0722.98纺锤形
23YY-3中国云南省红河州元阳县上新城乡1937.3102.9623.04椭圆形
24YY-4中国云南省红河州元阳县小新街乡1485.1103.0423.02椭圆形
25FN-1中国云南省红河州富宁县1314.2106.8232.73纺锤形
26YJ-1中国云南省德宏州盈江县弄璋镇滇西1300.097.5620.38椭圆形
27LCH-1中国云南省德宏州陇川县护国乡1900.098.4023.34纺锤形
28LCH-2中国云南省德宏州陇川县护国乡1900.098.4024.34纺锤形
29CN-1中国云南省保山市昌宁县大田坝镇1700.099.5624.93纺锤形
30CN-2中国云南省保山市昌宁县柯街镇1030.099.4424.88纺锤形
31GS-1中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇怒江1515.098.7127.68纺锤形
32GS-2中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1515.098.7127.68纺锤形
33GS-3中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1515.098.7127.68椭圆形
34GS-4中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74椭圆形
35GS-5中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74椭圆形
36GS-6中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74圆球形
37GS-7中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1397.098.7727.62纺锤形
38GS-8中国云南省怒江州贡山县普拉底乡1425.098.7827.60纺锤形
39GS-9中国云南省怒江州贡山县独龙江乡1431.098.3427.87纺锤形
40GS-10中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1392.898.7227.67纺锤形
41GS-11中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1397.098.7727.62椭圆形
42FG-1中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28纺锤形
43FG-2中国云南省怒江州福贡县鹿马登乡1993.398.9527.28椭圆形
44FG-3中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28纺锤形
45FG-4中国云南省怒江州福贡县马吉乡1424.098.8327.40椭圆形
46FG-5中国云南省怒江州福贡县上帕镇怒江2463.098.9026.89纺锤形
47FG-6中国云南省怒江州福贡县马吉乡1598.098.8227.44椭圆形
48FG-7中国云南省怒江州福贡县鹿马登乡1760.098.8627.06纺锤形
49FG-8中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28圆球形
50LS-1中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88纺锤形
51LS-2中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88圆球形
52LS-3中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88椭圆形
53YX-1中国云南省临沧市云县爱华镇滇南1741.0100.1024.33圆球形
54GM-1中国云南省临沧市耿马县勐永镇1159.099.7623.95椭圆形
55JH-1中国云南省西双版纳州景洪市1200.0101.3021.60纺锤形
56LC-1中国云南省普洱市澜沧县1336.099.5022.24纺锤形
57ZY-1中国云南省普洱市镇沅县勐大镇1376.0100.4924.10椭圆形
), ArticleFig(id=1277241977569677658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

种质信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.种质Germplasm采集点Location of collection组别Group海拔Elevation/m经度Longitude/°E纬度Latitude/°N果形Fruit shape
1MGK-1老挝莫裹坎国外2000.0102.4818.01圆球形
2MGK-2老挝莫裹坎2000.0102.4818.01纺锤形
3MDL-1缅甸曼德勒1518.096.5421.57纺锤形
4YA-1中国四川省雅安市省外1500.0103.0029.99椭圆形
5YA-2中国四川省雅安市1500.0103.0029.99圆球形
6YA-3中国四川省雅安市1500.0103.0029.99纺锤形
7BS-1中国广西省百色市1432.0105.7723.18纺锤形
8GN-1中国云南省文山州广南县莲城镇文山1224.0105.0524.05椭圆形
9MG-1中国云南省文山州马关县篾厂乡1545.0104.2622.95椭圆形
10MG-2中国云南省文山州马关县篾厂乡1545.0104.2622.95椭圆形
11MG-3中国云南省文山州马关县古林箐乡1390.0103.9622.81椭圆形
12WS-1中国云南省文山州文山市新街乡2086.0103.8624.05椭圆形
13WS-2中国云南省文山州文山市新街乡2086.0103.8624.05纺锤形
14JP-1中国云南省红河州金平县阿德博乡红河1515.0103.2222.91圆球形
15JP-2中国云南省红河州金平县白马河镇1724.2103.2722.79纺锤形
16JP-3中国云南省红河州金平县阿德博乡1499.9103.1422.95圆球形
17JP-4中国云南省红河州金平县勐桥乡1429.9103.4122.85圆球形
18JP-5中国云南省红河州金平县马鞍底乡1579.3103.4722.77椭圆形
19JP-6中国云南省红河州金平县撒依坡乡1507.0103.2222.97椭圆形
20PB-1中国云南省红河州屏边县玉屏镇1473.0103.6922.98椭圆形
21YY-1中国云南省红河州元阳县马街乡1136.0102.6623.26椭圆形
22YY-2中国云南省红河州元阳县逢春岭乡1615.1103.0722.98纺锤形
23YY-3中国云南省红河州元阳县上新城乡1937.3102.9623.04椭圆形
24YY-4中国云南省红河州元阳县小新街乡1485.1103.0423.02椭圆形
25FN-1中国云南省红河州富宁县1314.2106.8232.73纺锤形
26YJ-1中国云南省德宏州盈江县弄璋镇滇西1300.097.5620.38椭圆形
27LCH-1中国云南省德宏州陇川县护国乡1900.098.4023.34纺锤形
28LCH-2中国云南省德宏州陇川县护国乡1900.098.4024.34纺锤形
29CN-1中国云南省保山市昌宁县大田坝镇1700.099.5624.93纺锤形
30CN-2中国云南省保山市昌宁县柯街镇1030.099.4424.88纺锤形
31GS-1中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇怒江1515.098.7127.68纺锤形
32GS-2中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1515.098.7127.68纺锤形
33GS-3中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1515.098.7127.68椭圆形
34GS-4中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74椭圆形
35GS-5中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74椭圆形
36GS-6中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1486.098.6727.74圆球形
37GS-7中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1397.098.7727.62纺锤形
38GS-8中国云南省怒江州贡山县普拉底乡1425.098.7827.60纺锤形
39GS-9中国云南省怒江州贡山县独龙江乡1431.098.3427.87纺锤形
40GS-10中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1392.898.7227.67纺锤形
41GS-11中国云南省怒江州贡山县茨开镇1397.098.7727.62椭圆形
42FG-1中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28纺锤形
43FG-2中国云南省怒江州福贡县鹿马登乡1993.398.9527.28椭圆形
44FG-3中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28纺锤形
45FG-4中国云南省怒江州福贡县马吉乡1424.098.8327.40椭圆形
46FG-5中国云南省怒江州福贡县上帕镇怒江2463.098.9026.89纺锤形
47FG-6中国云南省怒江州福贡县马吉乡1598.098.8227.44椭圆形
48FG-7中国云南省怒江州福贡县鹿马登乡1760.098.8627.06纺锤形
49FG-8中国云南省怒江州福贡县石月亮乡1993.398.9527.28圆球形
50LS-1中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88纺锤形
51LS-2中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88圆球形
52LS-3中国云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇1007.098.8525.88椭圆形
53YX-1中国云南省临沧市云县爱华镇滇南1741.0100.1024.33圆球形
54GM-1中国云南省临沧市耿马县勐永镇1159.099.7623.95椭圆形
55JH-1中国云南省西双版纳州景洪市1200.0101.3021.60纺锤形
56LC-1中国云南省普洱市澜沧县1336.099.5022.24纺锤形
57ZY-1中国云南省普洱市镇沅县勐大镇1376.0100.4924.10椭圆形
), ArticleFig(id=1277241977628397915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Classification table of A. tsao-ko resources based on the content of polyphenols and flavonoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Grade评价条件Conditions of evaluation种质Germplasm
一级种质（7个）黄酮含量≥300 mg/g，且多酚含量≥90 mg/gGS-10、MDL-1、MGK-2、GS-3、FG-8、LS-1、GS-2
二级种质（17个）110 mg/g≤黄酮含量<300mg/g，且45 mg/g≤多酚含量<90 mg/gFG-7、WS-2、GS-9、MGK-1、JH-1、YY-4、FG-3、GS-1、YY-3、LCH-2、LCH-1、FG-2、YA-3、FG-1、YA-1、GS-4、MG-1
三级种质（33个）黄酮含量<110 mg/g，或多酚含量<45 mg/gMG-2、JP-1、FG-4、YY-1、JP-6、CN-2、FG-5、GS-11、PB-1、YY-2、YA-2、CN-1、LS-2、ZY-1、JP-3、FN-1、BS-1、YX-1、MG-3、GM-1、JP-2、YJ-1、WS-1、FG-6、LS-3、GS-8、JP-5、GS-7、JP-4、LC-1、GN-1、GS-5、GS-6
), ArticleFig(id=1277241977695506780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190566895452509, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于草果多酚和黄酮含量的草果资源的等级划分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Grade评价条件Conditions of evaluation种质Germplasm
一级种质（7个）黄酮含量≥300 mg/g，且多酚含量≥90 mg/gGS-10、MDL-1、MGK-2、GS-3、FG-8、LS-1、GS-2
二级种质（17个）110 mg/g≤黄酮含量<300mg/g，且45 mg/g≤多酚含量<90 mg/gFG-7、WS-2、GS-9、MGK-1、JH-1、YY-4、FG-3、GS-1、YY-3、LCH-2、LCH-1、FG-2、YA-3、FG-1、YA-1、GS-4、MG-1
三级种质（33个）黄酮含量<110 mg/g，或多酚含量<45 mg/gMG-2、JP-1、FG-4、YY-1、JP-6、CN-2、FG-5、GS-11、PB-1、YY-2、YA-2、CN-1、LS-2、ZY-1、JP-3、FN-1、BS-1、YX-1、MG-3、GM-1、JP-2、YJ-1、WS-1、FG-6、LS-3、GS-8、JP-5、GS-7、JP-4、LC-1、GN-1、GS-5、GS-6
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多酚、黄酮功能性成分导向的草果种质资源评价
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胡一凡 1 , 高晓余 2, * , 苏俊宇 3 , 安梅 2 , 杨林霞 1 , 杨绍兵 3 , 田洋 4 , 范源洪 1, 5, 6, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(5): 915-927
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (5) : 915 -927
多酚、黄酮功能性成分导向的草果种质资源评价
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胡一凡1, 高晓余2, * , 苏俊宇3, 安梅2, 杨林霞1, 杨绍兵3, 田洋4, 范源洪1, 5, 6, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，云南昆明　650201
  • 2.云南农业大学食品科学技术学院，云南昆明　650201
  • 3.云南省农科院药用植物研究所，云南昆明　650201
  • 4.食药同源资源开发与利用教育部工程研究中心，云南昆明　650201
  • 5.云南省高原特色农业产业研究院，云南昆明　650201
  • 6.云南省芳香生物工程技术研究中心，云南昆明　650201
通讯作者:
* 范源洪（FAN Yuanhong），E-mail：
高晓余（GAO Xiaoyu），E-mail：。
Evaluation of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources Oriented by Functional Components of Polyphenols and Flavonoids
Yifan HU1, Xiaoyu GAO2, * , Junyu SU3, Mei AN2, Linxia YANG1, Shaobing YANG3, Yang TIAN4, Yuanhong FAN1, 5, 6, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 2.College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 3.Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 4.Yunnan Provincial Medicine and Food Homology Functional Food Processing Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 5.Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 6.Yunnan Aromatic Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006
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摘要
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草果是一种富含多酚和黄酮的药食同源作物。功能性草果资源的研究评价是育种利用和产业化开发的核心。本研究旨在草果资源的通便活性成分多酚、黄酮含量及抗氧化活性差异分析，进行草果种质资源的筛选评价，探讨成分积累的可能因素。对来自老挝、缅甸，我国四川、广西、云南的57份草果资源，采用福林酚法、NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH比色法分别测定草果水提物的多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除能力，分析多酚和黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、地理因子之间的相关性。结果表明：采用广靶代谢组学检测草果水提物的组分构成，检测出草果水提物中含量最高的为黄酮（46.34%）和多酚（15.98%）；通过小肠墨汁推进实验验证草果水提物具有润肠通便功效；纺锤形草果资源的多酚和黄酮含量高于椭圆形果和圆形果，国外和我国云南怒江的草果资源的黄酮含量高于其他地区种质；草果多酚、黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、海拔高度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与经度（P<0.05）、纬度（P>0.05）呈负相关，因此推测草果多酚和黄酮的积累可能与温度、光照、紫外线、土壤水分有关。以多酚和黄酮含量作为评价指标，将草果资源分为3个等级，利用该方法筛选到优良草果资源为我国云南怒江种质GS-3、GS-10和国外种质MDL-1、MGK-2。研究结果可为草果质量等级评价体系的建立提供分析方法，不但可以指导草果资源的考察和收集，而且可为草果资源的育种研究和新产品开发利用提供科学依据。

草果  /  多酚  /  黄酮  /  DPPH自由基清除能力  /  种质资源  /  评价

Amomum tsao-ko (AT) is a medicinal and food homologous crop rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. The germplasm of AT is relatively mixed, and it is urgent to carry out research on AT germplasm resources and screening of high-quality AT seed sources. This study aimed to screen and evaluate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities of laxative active components of AT resources, and to explore the possible factors of component accumulation. In this study, a total of 57 samples were collected in Laos, Myanmar, Sichuan, Guangxi and Yunnan in China, and the polyphenol content and flavonoid content of AT aqueous extract were determined by forinphenol method and NaNO2-Al (NO3)3-NaOH colorimetric method, and the DPPH radical scavenging ability of AT aqueous extract was detected. The correlation between polyphenol and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and geographic factors was analyzed. The results showed that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in spindle-shaped AT resources was higher than that of oval fruit and round fruit, and the content of flavonoids in AT resources abroad and Nujiang was higher than that in other regions (outside the province, western Yunnan, southwest Yunnan, Wenshan and Honghe). The content of AT polyphenols and flavonoids was significantly positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging capacity and altitude (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with longitude (P<0.05) and latitude (P>0.05), so it was speculated that the accumulation of AT polyphenols and flavonoids may be related to temperature, light, ultraviolet rays and soil moisture. Finally, according to polyphenols, flavonoids, the classification standards were formulated, and the AT resources were divided into three grades, which would provide an analysis method for the establishment of the AT quality grade evaluation system. The excellent AT resources were screened by this method as Nujiang samples GS-3 and GS-10 and foreign samples MDL-1 and MGK-2. This study would provide a scientific basis for the investigation and collection of AT, as well as the study of origin and evolution, and also lay a solid foundation for the utilization of AT resources and the development of industry in the future.

Amomum tsao-ko  /  polyphenols  /  flavonoids  /  scavenging capacity of DPPH  /  germplasm resources  /  evaluation
胡一凡, 高晓余, 苏俊宇, 安梅, 杨林霞, 杨绍兵, 田洋, 范源洪. 多酚、黄酮功能性成分导向的草果种质资源评价. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 915 -927 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006
Yifan HU, Xiaoyu GAO, Junyu SU, Mei AN, Linxia YANG, Shaobing YANG, Yang TIAN, Yuanhong FAN. Evaluation of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources Oriented by Functional Components of Polyphenols and Flavonoids[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 915 -927 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006
正文
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草果（Amomum tsao-ko Crevostet Lemarie）为姜科豆蔻属的药食同源植物。草果全株均含有辛香气味，可作调味香料，也可入药。草果具有温中燥湿、除痰截疟[1]、润肠通便[2]、降脂、降血糖、抗氧化、抑制肿瘤等药理功效[3]。草果原产于越南和老挝等地，在我国云南省和广西西部等地区分布较为广泛[4-5]，四川和贵州也有少量种植。云南省的草果种植主要分布在怒江、红河、文山、德宏、保山、西双版纳、普洱和临沧8个州（市）[6-7]。目前，云南省的草果种植面积超过106 666.67 hm2，大约占全国种植面积的85%，成为当地的特色产业和农民增收的主要来源。然而云南草果产业的发展还存在许多问题，具体表现为资源评价滞后，导致栽培品种匮乏，病虫害严重和精深加工等问题[8]，严重制约着云南草果产业的健康可持续发展。以关键成分为导向，开展草果种质资源研究，在此基础上进行草果优良品种的筛选和新产品研发，是实现草果产业发展的根本保障。
草果化学成分多样，目前分离到包括挥发油类、酚类、黄酮类、二苯基庚烷类、双环壬烷类等化学成分，其中以挥发油、酚类为主要活性成分。但是在草果成分方面的研究以挥发油居多，多酚、黄酮等非挥发性成分较少[9]。《中国药典》将草果挥发油含量定义为草果质量评价的主要化学成分。然而，仅对一类成分进行低限控制不足以确保含有复杂成分的草果的安全性和有效性。已有研究表明，多酚和黄酮类化合物在草果中含量较高[10-11]，草果热水水提物中的黄酮含量可达到（295.40±0.47）mg/g，且草果多酚和黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化、抗菌、防腐、缓解糖尿病和抗卵巢癌等功效，尤其抗氧化性效果显著[12-14]。
因此，本研究检测了草果水提物中的主要成分，并对草果水提物的润肠通便功效进行了验证；采用分光光度法，对57个草果种质水提物的主要成分多酚类、黄酮类和DPPH自由基清除能力进行检测，为草果资源评价及优质种质筛选提供依据；然后对草果主要成分与地理因子的相关性进行分析，由此推测影响草果多酚及黄酮变化积累的环境因素，为草果资源起源演化、新品种选育和产品开发利用奠定基础。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
57份参试材料分别来源于国外（老挝、缅甸），我国四川、广西及云南文山、红河、怒江、滇西、滇南（表1）。
鲜果经预处理，置于60 ℃烘箱烘干，粉碎后过40目筛，密封保存，备用。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　草果水提物的制备
采用煎煮法，以水为溶剂对草果进行提取。称取50 g草果果粉置于500 mL超纯水（料液比1∶10）中进行煎煮，沸腾3 min，利用8层尼龙布（200目）过滤，残渣再次加水500 mL煮沸，以上重复3次，弃残渣，留液体以4000 r/min进行离心10 min，取上清液即为草果水提物。于冷冻干燥机冷冻3 d，得到草果水提物冻干粉，置于-80 ℃冰箱保存，备用。
1.2.2　广靶代谢组学检测
采用广靶代谢组学对草果水提物的成分进行检测。样本预处理后上机检测，使用EXION LC System（SCIEX）超高效液相色谱仪，通过Waters UPLC液相色谱柱对目标化合物进行色谱分离数据采集及目标化合物定量分析，通过SCIEX Analyst Work Station Software（Version 1.6.3）来完成。使用自撰写的R程序包结合自建数据库完成提峰、注释等工作，再根据数据库对化合物进行分类，统计各类别化合物的丰度总和占所有化合物的比例。
1.2.3　通便功效试验
采用小肠推进实验验证草果水提物的通便功效。将60只小鼠分为5个实验组：空白组（等体积的灭菌生理盐水）、模型组（洛哌丁胺8 mg/kg）、阳性组（麻仁丸900 mg/kg）、草果低剂量组（草果水提物300 mg/kg）、草果高剂量组（草果水提物600 mg/kg），连续7 d灌胃后进行小肠推进实验，期间小鼠自由摄食饮水，25 ℃，12 h光照，12 h黑暗。记录每只小鼠小肠长度及墨汁推进距离。计算公式为：墨汁推进率=墨汁推进距离/小肠长度×100%。
1.2.4　多酚含量测定
参照李巨秀等[15]的方法测定多酚含量。精密吸取0.1 mL没食子酸对照品溶液（0.02、0.06、0.10、0.14、0.18 μg/μL）和草果水提物溶液（2 mg/mL），加入0.5 mL 10%福林酚溶液，摇匀，静置5 min，加入0.4 mL的7.5%碳酸钠试剂，摇匀，避光静置1 h后分别取200 μL待测液于96孔板中，于765 nm处检测吸光值，绘制标准曲线，得到线性回归方程为：y=171.47x-8.3005（R2=0.999），根据标准曲线计算多酚含量。
1.2.5　黄酮含量测定
精密吸取0.1 mL芦丁对照品溶液（0.025、0.100、0.200、0.300、0.400 μg/μL）和草果水提物溶液（2 mg/mL），加入100 μL 5%亚硝酸钠溶液，静置6 min，加入100 μL 10%硝酸铝溶液，摇匀，静置6 min，加入1 mL 4%氢氧化钠溶液，摇匀，放置15 min。于504 nm处检测吸光值，绘制标准曲线，得到线性回归方程为：y=2008.3x+1.3401（R2=0.9992）。根据标准曲线计算黄酮含量。
1.2.6　DPPH自由基清除能力测定
根据DPPH自由基清除能力试剂盒说明书，分别配置对照管、测定管、空白管和标准品管，混匀，室温25 ℃避光静置30 min，4000 r/min离心5 min，波长517 nm，吸取800 μL至比色皿中，无水乙醇调零，测定各管吸光度值（A）。DPPH自由基清除率=[1-（A测定-A对照）/A空白）]×100%。以标准曲线算得的抗氧化剂Trolox当量表示样本的DPPH自由基清除能力。最后代入公式计算，样品的DPPH自由基清除能力（μg/mL）=标准曲线的Trolox浓度×提取液总体积（mL）×样品重量（g）×稀释倍数。
1.3　数据处理
采用GraphPad prism 5.0软件制图，采用SPSS 21软件对相关数据进行相关性分析。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　草果水提物成分分析及通便功效分析
2.1.1　草果水提物成分分析
采用广靶代谢组学的方法对草果水提物进行成分检测，共检测到927种成分。通过成分分类处理结果表明，黄酮类成分高达46.34%，酚类占15.98%，生物碱占12.59%，氨基酸类占6.19%，维生素、有机酸类占4.57%，核苷酸类占3.16%，脂类和芳香类占1.62%，其他类别的丰度总和占9.55%。其中，黄酮与多酚占总成分的62.32%，接近2/3。
2.1.2　草果水提物的通便功效验证
小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率是判断通便功效的重要指标。墨汁推进率结果见图1，与空白组（67.10%）相比，模型组（41.15%）的墨汁推进率极显著下降（P<0.01）；而与模型组相比，阳性组（56.40%）、草果水提物低剂量组（55.48%）和高剂量组（59.23%）的墨汁推进率显著提高（P<0.05），且草果水提物高剂量组的推进效果稍优于低剂量组和阳性药物组。结果表明，草果水提物可以显著改善小鼠便秘，且高剂量组效果更佳，优于阳性药物麻仁丸。因此证明草果水提物具有通便功效。
2.2　草果水提物的成分差异
草果水提物具有通便功效，多酚和黄酮是草果水提物的主要成分。通过检测57个草果种质的水提物中的多酚和黄酮含量，来探究不同地区和不同表型（3种果形）草果种质的功能性成分含量的差异。
2.2.1　草果水提物的多酚成分
57份草果种质按照果形分为3类：纺锤形（26个）、椭圆形（22个）和圆形（9个）。纺锤形草果水提物多酚含量如图2A所示，中国云南怒江贡山县GS-10（119.44 mg/g）、缅甸MDL-1（109.27 mg/g）、老挝MGK-2（95.45 mg/g）含量较高，在组间差异水平上，国外组（102.36 mg/g）和中国云南怒江组（65.21 mg/g）的平均含量明显高于其他组，而中国云南红河组则最低（35.02 mg/g）。
椭圆形的22个种质中，仅有中国云南怒江贡山县GS-3（102.04 mg/g）的多酚含量显著较高，其他种质均差异不显著，大多在30~50 mg/g之间，少数种质含量极低，而YY-4含量（73.96 mg/g）稍高，各组的平均值差异也不大，均保持在25~ 50 mg/g范围内，整体偏低（图2B）。
图2C为9个圆形草果种质的多酚含量，含量最高的是中国云南怒江福贡县FG-8（97.38 mg/g），老挝莫裹坎MGK-1（72.57 mg/g）含量也较高。中国云南怒江组多酚含量平均值为48.92 mg/g，高于国内其他3组。
整体来讲，纺锤形草果的多酚含量显著高于其他2种果形。在3种果形中，国外组和中国云南怒江组的多酚含量均高于其他组，多酚含量较为突出的是国外的MDL-1（纺锤形果）和MGK-2（纺锤形果），中国云南怒江贡山县的GS-3（椭圆形果）和GS-10（纺锤形果），中国云南怒江福贡县的FG-8（圆形果）。鉴于中国云南怒江种质较多，因此对中国云南怒江22个种质进行分析，比较中国云南怒江不同果形种质的多酚含量差异，结果表明，中国云南怒江种质中，纺锤形草果多酚含量最高，圆形草果次之，椭圆草果含量最低（图2D）。
2.2.2　草果水提物的黄酮成分
草果水提物的黄酮含量见图3。图3A~图3C分别为3种果形草果的黄酮含量。纺锤形草果的26个种质中，黄酮含量超过400 mg/g的有中国云南怒江贡山县GS-10（500.35 mg/g）和缅甸曼德勒MDL-1（455.74 mg/g），有7个种质的黄酮含量在200~400 mg/g之间（图3A）；在椭圆形草果种质中（图3B），仅有1个种质含量超过200 mg/g，为中国云南怒江贡山县GS-3（343.66 mg/g）；在圆形草果种质中（图3C），仅有2个种质的黄酮含量在200 mg/g以上，是中国云南怒江福贡县FG-8（343.12 mg/g）和老挝莫裹坎MGK-1（225.60 mg/g）。综上，3种果形草果的黄酮含量差异较大，纺锤形草果种质的黄酮含量明显高于其他2个果形。对各组间的黄酮含量进行比较发现，椭圆形草果的黄酮含量在各组间差异不大，而纺锤形与圆形草果中，国外组和中国云南怒江组的黄酮含量远高于其他组。在中国云南怒江州3种果形草果中，纺锤形草果的黄酮含量为203.21 mg/g，而椭圆形草果仅为117.72 mg/g，圆形草果居中，为146.89 mg/g（图3D）。
2.3　草果水提物的DPPH自由基清除能力的差异
草果水提物对DPPH自由基清除能力见图4。不同果形草果水提物的DPPH自由基清除能力分别为：纺锤形草果10.48~18.10 μg/mg（图4A），椭圆形草果12.49~16.41 μg/mg（图4B），圆形草果13.37~18.03 μg/mg（图4C），3种果形各有2个种质的DPPH自由基清除能力超过16 μg/mg，分别为GS-9（18.10 μg/mg）、GS-10（17.50 μg/mg）、GS-8（17.50 μg/mg）、FG-2（16.41 μg/mg）、FG-6（16.36 μg/mg）、MGK-1（16.96 μg/mg）、FG-8（18.03 μg/mg）。总体而言，圆形草果的DPPH自由基清除能力（15.41 μg/mg）高于纺锤形（14.67 μg/mg）和椭圆形草果（14.70 μg/mg）。而在各组分果形草果中，均为国外组和中国云南怒江组高于其他组。因此，对中国云南怒江组种质进行比较，比较中国云南怒江组3种果形草果的抗氧化能力，结果表明，中国云南怒江州圆形草果的抗氧化能力高于其他2个果形（图4D）。
2.4　草果多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力的相关性
57个草果种质的多酚、总黄酮含量及DPPH自由基清除能力之间的相关性见图5。由图5可知，随草果DPPH自由基清除能力的增强，其多酚和黄酮含量显著增加，结果表明，草果的多酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力之间呈显著正相关（P<0.05），表明草果的多酚和黄酮类物质在清除DPPH自由基能力方面起着重要作用。
2.5　草果多酚、黄酮含量与地理分布的相关性
供试草果种质来自不同产地，有显著的地理分布差异。其中，最低海拔为1007 m，最高海拔为2463 m。草果多酚、黄酮含量与海拔的相关性见图6。由图6可知，随着海拔的升高，草果多酚和黄酮含量均显著增加，其中，草果多酚含量与海拔高度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01，r=0.2718），草果黄酮含量与海拔高度呈显著正相关（P<0.05，r=0.2791）。
不同产地草果种质的经纬度具有明显差异。经度最低为96.54°E，最高为106.82°E；纬度最低为18.01°N，最高为32.73°N。草果多酚、黄酮含量与经纬度的相关性见图7。由图7A和图7B可知，随经度的增大，草果多酚和黄酮含量的丰度显著减小，表明草果多酚和黄酮含量与经度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。而随着纬度的增大，草果多酚和黄酮的丰度减小，草果多酚和黄酮含量与纬度呈负相关，但无显著性（图7C，图7D）。
2.6　草果种质的评级分析
根据草果多酚和黄酮含量的测定结果，建立草果种质评价指标（表2）。一级草果种质：黄酮含量≥300 mg/g，且多酚含量≥90 mg/g，共7个草果种质；二级草果种质：110 mg/g≤黄酮含量<300 mg/g，且45 mg/g≤多酚含量<90 mg/g，共17个草果种质；三级草果种质：黄酮含量<110 mg/g，或多酚含量<45 mg/g，共33个草果种质[16]。
3　讨论
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研究结果表明，不同草果种质的黄酮、多酚含量具有明显差异，可利用这2个指标作为草果优良种质的综合评价指标。根据该指标，可将57份草果种质分为3个等级，筛选得到一等草果种质7个，其中，中国云南怒江GS-3、GS-10和国外MDL-1、MGK-2四个种质明显优于其他草果种质；同时，研究证明了不同来源和不同果形的草果种质多酚、黄酮含量具有明显的地理差异，总体而言，国外和中国云南怒江的草果种质多酚、黄酮含量高于其他地区（省外、滇西、滇南、文山、红河组别），纺锤形草果种质的多酚、黄酮含量高于椭圆形果和圆形果；且随着黄酮、多酚含量的提高，DPPH自由基清除能力随之增强。因此，研究结果不但为草果种质资源鉴定评价提供了的综合指标，也为草果种质的考察收集及起源演化研究奠定了基础，更为优良种质的发掘利用提供了科学依据。
本研究根据草果多酚、黄酮含量评价草果种质资源，前人的研究尚无相关报道。但已有对单个草果种质进行多酚、黄酮含量进行检测。杜丽霞等[10]采用LC-MS/MS技术测得草果多酚类化合物（70%乙醇提取液）的得率为11.13%，且具有一定的DPPH自由基清除能力。万红焱[17]利用福林酚法测得滇产草果60%乙醇提取物中多酚提取量可达9.69%。本研究从57个草果种质水溶性成分中测得多酚含量为18.25~119.44 mg/g。袁园等[18]采用NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH法测得草果粗黄酮（60%乙醇提取液）含量为24.20 mg/g，且具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力。罗金龙等[19]通过研究得出，草果黄酮（50%乙醇提取液）含量为41.47 mg/g，且草果黄酮含量达到135.60 g/mL时，DPPH自由基清除率达到81.07%。草果配方颗粒的总黄酮（60%乙醇）含量为12.38%[20]。JEONG等[11]分析了11种中药材的热水水提物多酚含量、黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除活性，其中在14种传统药物中草果热水水提物的黄酮含量最高[（295.40±0.47）mg/g]，且抗氧化能力最强。而本研究测得57个草果种质中的黄酮含量为31.37~500.35 mg/g。
药用植物的品质优劣与产地间的特定生境紧密相关，对其关系进行研究可为优质资源开发利用提供依据。已有研究表明，老山芹的黄酮含量与海拔高度呈显著负相关[21]，冷蒿与海拔呈显著正相关，与经度和纬度呈显著负相关[22]。银杏花粉黄酮与经度呈负相关，与纬度呈正相关[23]。有关草果挥发油成分与地理因子的相关性也有报道，草果挥发油成分与纬度呈显著负相关[24]；另外，纬度越高，样本间差异越小，草果样本红外光谱之间越相似[25]。草果果实中的β-蒎烯、桉叶油醇、蒎烯受海拔高度的影响最大[26]。在本研究中，草果黄酮、多酚含量与地理因子的相关性分析表明，海拔越高，经度越低时，草果黄酮和多酚含量越高。
众所周知，海拔与温度呈负相关，与光照和紫外辐射呈正相关；有利于黄酮积累的因素是低温条件，及强光照、紫外辐射时间的延长。如在低温处理后，银杏叶总黄酮含量高于高温处理[27]。遮光和去除太阳紫外线处理均能显著减少葡萄中黄酮醇类化合物的浓度[28]。而经度与土壤水分有一定关系，适度干旱可以提高植物体内黄酮类成分的含量[29]。大豆异黄酮含量与经度、降水呈负相关[30]，这与本研究结果一致。关于草果多酚的积累尚无报道，但多酚与黄酮结构相似，因此推测，本研究中，海拔可能是通过温度、光照和紫外线的综合作用而促进草果多酚和黄酮的积累，经度可能是通过土壤水分的变化间接影响黄酮的积累。本研究为草果多酚及黄酮成分积累的相关生态因子的探究提供了数据支撑，并为今后草果资源的利用和产业发展奠定基础。
种质资源是农作物品种改良的基础，功能性资源研究评价是育种利用和产业化开发的核心。不但可以指导草果资源的考察和收集，而且可为草果育种研究和新产品开发提供依据。本研究探明了草果水提物的组分及其构成，且黄酮与多酚占总成分的62.32%；多酚和黄酮具有润肠通便的功效，初步探明了其物质基础和作用机制（另文发表）；多酚、黄酮含量和自由基清除能力可作为草果资源的鉴定评价指标，为草果优良种质评价体系的建立奠定基础；同时，本研究结果还初步揭示了不同地理环境、不同果形草果资源与多酚、黄酮成分变化的相关性。由于本研究中国外和国内其他省份的草果资源材料较少，可能对本研究结果有一定影响。关于草果资源的起源演化与草果表型、成分含量的相关性及其变化规律，还需增加不同产地的草果资源和数量进行进一步的探究。
基金
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  • 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903; 202002AA100005)
  • 国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NTPGRC2021-015)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.006
  • 接收时间：2023-03-22
  • 首发时间：2026-06-23
  • 出版时间：2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-03-22
  • 修回日期：2023-06-12
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903; 202002AA100005)
国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NTPGRC2021-015)
作者信息
    1.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，云南昆明　650201
    2.云南农业大学食品科学技术学院，云南昆明　650201
    3.云南省农科院药用植物研究所，云南昆明　650201
    4.食药同源资源开发与利用教育部工程研究中心，云南昆明　650201
    5.云南省高原特色农业产业研究院，云南昆明　650201
    6.云南省芳香生物工程技术研究中心，云南昆明　650201

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* 范源洪（FAN Yuanhong），E-mail：
高晓余（GAO Xiaoyu），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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