Article(id=1276190541192753375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669046400000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-22, revisedDate=1670428800000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197135494, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197135494, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197135494, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197135494, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=906, endPage=914, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190541796733153, articleId=1276190541192753375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Genetic Diversity Analysis of Important Agronomic Characters of Oryza officinalis Wall ex G. Watt from Guangxi, China, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt has excellent characteristics such as disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, high biological yield and high light efficiency, and contains many excellent genes. In this study, 199 representative resources collected from all Oryza officinalis distribution sites in Guangxi were used to analyze the genetic diversity and principal components for five important agronomic traits, including heading stage, anther length, grain width, grain length and grain weight. The results showed that O. officinalis from Guangxi had rich genetic diversity, with coefficients of variation of 9.12%, 11.90%, 3.39%, 4.64% and 6.24% for heading stage, anther length, grain width, grain length and grain weight, respectively, and diversity index was 1.4878, 2.0453, 1.7727, 1.1567 and 2.0379, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components were mainly related to yield traits, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.759%. The third and fourth principal components had a cumulative contribution rate 16.306% and 15.542%, respectively. The heading stage and anther length were the influential determinants, mainly reflecting the plant growth characteristics. According to the genetic diversity, the seven geographic populations are ranked as follows: Wuzhou (1.6731)>Yulin (1.5784)>Guigang (1.5070)>Nanning (1.3325)>Laibin (1.2131)>Hezhou (0.9629)>Qinzhou (0.3819), and Wuzhou had the highest diversity index, indicating that Wuzhou was the phenotypic diversity center of Oryza officinalis in Guangxi.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hui GUO, Can CHEN, Zongqiong ZHANG, Xinghai YANG, Shuhui LIANG, Xiaoli ZHANG, Zhijian XU, Baoxuan NONG, Danting LI, Xiuzhong XIA, Rui FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuzhong XIA, Rui FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190544703385839, articleId=1276190541192753375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状遗传多样性分析, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

药用野生稻具有抗病虫、抗逆境、高生物产量、高光效等优良特性,蕴藏有许多优良基因。本研究用广西所有药用野生稻分布点收集的代表性资源199份,对抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长与粒重5个重要农艺性状进行遗传多样性、主成分等分析。结果表明:广西药用野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性,抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长和粒重的变异系数分别为9.12%、11.90%、3.39%、4.64%和6.24%,多样性指数分别为1.4878、2.0453、1.7727、1.1567和2.0379。主成分分析表明:第1、第2主成分主要与产量性状相关,累计贡献率达63.759%,第3、第4主成分特征值相近,贡献率分别为16.306%和15.542%,抽穗期与花药长度是影响的决定因子,主要反映植株的生长特征。7个地理居群按遗传多样性大小排序为:梧州市(1.6731)>玉林市(1.5784)>贵港市(1.5070)>南宁市(1.3325)>来宾市(1.2131)>贺州市(0.9629)>钦州市(0.3819),梧州市的多样性指数最高,表明梧州市是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性的中心。

, authors=

郭辉(1982—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:水稻抗性资源保存与利用。

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* 夏秀忠(XIA Xiuzhong),E-mail:
冯锐(FENG Rui),E-mail:
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郭辉(1982—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:水稻抗性资源保存与利用。

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Center of genetic diversity and core collection of common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff, in Guangxi[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2016, 37(5): 24-30. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Center of genetic diversity and core collection of common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff, in Guangxi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277241983441694850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=67, authorNames=廖辉, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖辉. 种群大小对普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)遗传多样性的影响[D]. 上海: 复旦大学, 2011., articleTitle=种群大小对普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)遗传多样性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277241983538163843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=68, authorNames=LIAO H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAO H. Effect of population size on genetic diversity in common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)[D]. Shanghai: Fudan University, 2011. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of population size on genetic diversity in common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277241972876243003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, awardId=32160436, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32160436), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241972955934780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, awardId=2022-36-Z01, language=CN, fundingSource=广西重大科技创新基地建设项目(2022-36-Z01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241973035626557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, awardId=2021GXNSFAA220026, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277241949853709288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241949862097897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, companyId=1277241949853709288, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241949870486506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, companyId=1277241949853709288, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,广西南宁 530007)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277241970540015661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Cluster analysis in Guangxi Oryza officeinalis Wall accessions map, figureFileSmall=phiut8++6MXW8Hr42Ojlxw==, figureFileBig=z6DUJI/zd3fvHFE9sSzFBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241971815084078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=图1, caption=广西药用野生稻种质资源聚类图, figureFileSmall=phiut8++6MXW8Hr42Ojlxw==, figureFileBig=z6DUJI/zd3fvHFE9sSzFBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241971924135983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Box Plot of five important agronomic traits of sevne population in Guangxi, figureFileSmall=tP2bEhJF9Ra4YSxaVzJT4w==, figureFileBig=oRD+MumEA7hSnRSe8EajoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241972003827760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=图2, caption=广西7个居群药用野生稻5个重要农艺性状箱线图, figureFileSmall=tP2bEhJF9Ra4YSxaVzJT4w==, figureFileBig=oRD+MumEA7hSnRSe8EajoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241972087713841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Information of genotypes and collection sites

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城市City县County经度Longitude纬度Latitude样本数量No. of samples多样性指数H'
南宁市横县109°15′E22°41′N191.3325
邕宁县108°29'E22°43′N3
贵港市贵县109°36′E23°07′N11.5070
桂平县110°05′E23°22′N16
平南县110°24′E23°33′N5
贺州市贺县111°34′E24°24′N30.9629
昭平县110°49′E24°10′N3
来宾市武宣县109°40′E23°36′N191.2131
钦州市灵山县109°18′E22°25′N30.3819
梧州市苍梧县111°13′E23°25′N481.6731
岑溪县111°00′E22°55′N11
藤县110°55′E23°22 ′N22
梧州市111°17′E23°29′N19
玉林市北流县110°24′E22°43′N51.5784
容县110°33′E22°21′N7
玉林县110°10′E22°38′N15
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972175794226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料数量和地理来源信息

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城市City县County经度Longitude纬度Latitude样本数量No. of samples多样性指数H'
南宁市横县109°15′E22°41′N191.3325
邕宁县108°29'E22°43′N3
贵港市贵县109°36′E23°07′N11.5070
桂平县110°05′E23°22′N16
平南县110°24′E23°33′N5
贺州市贺县111°34′E24°24′N30.9629
昭平县110°49′E24°10′N3
来宾市武宣县109°40′E23°36′N191.2131
钦州市灵山县109°18′E22°25′N30.3819
梧州市苍梧县111°13′E23°25′N481.6731
岑溪县111°00′E22°55′N11
藤县110°55′E23°22 ′N22
梧州市111°17′E23°29′N19
玉林市北流县110°24′E22°43′N51.5784
容县110°33′E22°21′N7
玉林县110°10′E22°38′N15
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972242903091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Variation and diversity of important agronomic traits of O. officinalis in Guangxi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait极小值Min.极大值Max.均值Mean标准差SD变异系数CV/%多样性指数H
抽穗期/d95164122.7411.199.121.4878
花药长度/mm1.83.42.630.3111.902.0453
粒长/mm4.86.05.350.254.641.7727
粒宽/mm2.22.72.430.083.391.1567
粒重/g0.740.970.840.056.242.0379
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972330983476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状变异和多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait极小值Min.极大值Max.均值Mean标准差SD变异系数CV/%多样性指数H
抽穗期/d95164122.7411.199.121.4878
花药长度/mm1.83.42.630.3111.902.0453
粒长/mm4.86.05.350.254.641.7727
粒宽/mm2.22.72.430.083.391.1567
粒重/g0.740.970.840.056.242.0379
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972398092341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Correlation analysis among major agronomic traits in 199 O. officinalis resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait抽穗期Heading date花药长Anther length粒长Grain length粒宽Grain width
花药长-0.021
粒长0.1130.144*
粒宽0.151*-0.0210.257**
粒重0.0880.0640.659**0.543**
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972461006902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

199份药用野生稻资源主要性状的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait抽穗期Heading date花药长Anther length粒长Grain length粒宽Grain width
花药长-0.021
粒长0.1130.144*
粒宽0.151*-0.0210.257**
粒重0.0880.0640.659**0.543**
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972523921463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Principal component analysis of important agronomic traits of O. officinalis in Guangxi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait主成分1 PC1主成分2 PC2主成分3 PC3主成分4 PC4主成分5 PC5
抽穗期0.1860.2580.7040.634-0.038
花药长度0.225-0.215-0.6420.700-0.013
粒长0.958-0.1440.054-0.0920.223
粒宽0.3520.887-0.170-0.0230.243
粒重0.8230.368-0.103-0.162-0.388
粒长宽比0.643-0.7430.166-0.0720.046
特征值2.2181.6070.9780.9330.263
贡献率/%36.96826.79116.30615.5424.385
累计贡献率/%36.96863.75980.06495.60699.991
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972591030328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状的主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait主成分1 PC1主成分2 PC2主成分3 PC3主成分4 PC4主成分5 PC5
抽穗期0.1860.2580.7040.634-0.038
花药长度0.225-0.215-0.6420.700-0.013
粒长0.958-0.1440.054-0.0920.223
粒宽0.3520.887-0.170-0.0230.243
粒重0.8230.368-0.103-0.162-0.388
粒长宽比0.643-0.7430.166-0.0720.046
特征值2.2181.6070.9780.9330.263
贡献率/%36.96826.79116.30615.5424.385
累计贡献率/%36.96863.75980.06495.60699.991
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972653944889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Group genetic diversity index

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait第Ⅰ类群Group Ⅰ第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
抽穗期1.27121.35590
花药长度2.08341.99781.5539
粒长1.44141.34441.6084
粒宽0.95071.04201.0466
粒重1.40621.70281.8725
), ArticleFig(id=1277241972733636666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190541192753375, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

类群遗传多样性指数

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性状Trait第Ⅰ类群Group Ⅰ第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
抽穗期1.27121.35590
花药长度2.08341.99781.5539
粒长1.44141.34441.6084
粒宽0.95071.04201.0466
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广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状遗传多样性分析
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郭辉 , 陈灿 , 张宗琼 , 杨行海 , 梁树辉 , 张晓丽 , 徐志健 , 农保选 , 李丹婷 , 夏秀忠 * , 冯锐 *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(5): 906-914
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (5) : 906 -914
广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状遗传多样性分析
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郭辉, 陈灿, 张宗琼, 杨行海, 梁树辉, 张晓丽, 徐志健, 农保选, 李丹婷, 夏秀忠* , 冯锐*
作者信息
  • 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
通讯作者:
* 夏秀忠(XIA Xiuzhong),E-mail:
冯锐(FENG Rui),E-mail:
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Important Agronomic Characters of Oryza officinalis Wall ex G. Watt from Guangxi, China
Hui GUO, Can CHEN, Zongqiong ZHANG, Xinghai YANG, Shuhui LIANG, Xiaoli ZHANG, Zhijian XU, Baoxuan NONG, Danting LI, Xiuzhong XIA* , Rui FENG*
Affiliations
  • Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.005
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药用野生稻具有抗病虫、抗逆境、高生物产量、高光效等优良特性,蕴藏有许多优良基因。本研究用广西所有药用野生稻分布点收集的代表性资源199份,对抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长与粒重5个重要农艺性状进行遗传多样性、主成分等分析。结果表明:广西药用野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性,抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长和粒重的变异系数分别为9.12%、11.90%、3.39%、4.64%和6.24%,多样性指数分别为1.4878、2.0453、1.7727、1.1567和2.0379。主成分分析表明:第1、第2主成分主要与产量性状相关,累计贡献率达63.759%,第3、第4主成分特征值相近,贡献率分别为16.306%和15.542%,抽穗期与花药长度是影响的决定因子,主要反映植株的生长特征。7个地理居群按遗传多样性大小排序为:梧州市(1.6731)>玉林市(1.5784)>贵港市(1.5070)>南宁市(1.3325)>来宾市(1.2131)>贺州市(0.9629)>钦州市(0.3819),梧州市的多样性指数最高,表明梧州市是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性的中心。

种质资源  /  药用野生稻  /  农艺性状  /  遗传多样性

Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt has excellent characteristics such as disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, high biological yield and high light efficiency, and contains many excellent genes. In this study, 199 representative resources collected from all Oryza officinalis distribution sites in Guangxi were used to analyze the genetic diversity and principal components for five important agronomic traits, including heading stage, anther length, grain width, grain length and grain weight. The results showed that O. officinalis from Guangxi had rich genetic diversity, with coefficients of variation of 9.12%, 11.90%, 3.39%, 4.64% and 6.24% for heading stage, anther length, grain width, grain length and grain weight, respectively, and diversity index was 1.4878, 2.0453, 1.7727, 1.1567 and 2.0379, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components were mainly related to yield traits, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.759%. The third and fourth principal components had a cumulative contribution rate 16.306% and 15.542%, respectively. The heading stage and anther length were the influential determinants, mainly reflecting the plant growth characteristics. According to the genetic diversity, the seven geographic populations are ranked as follows: Wuzhou (1.6731)>Yulin (1.5784)>Guigang (1.5070)>Nanning (1.3325)>Laibin (1.2131)>Hezhou (0.9629)>Qinzhou (0.3819), and Wuzhou had the highest diversity index, indicating that Wuzhou was the phenotypic diversity center of Oryza officinalis in Guangxi.

germplasm resource  /  Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt  /  agronomic characters  /  genetic diversity
郭辉, 陈灿, 张宗琼, 杨行海, 梁树辉, 张晓丽, 徐志健, 农保选, 李丹婷, 夏秀忠, 冯锐. 广西药用野生稻重要农艺性状遗传多样性分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 906 -914 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.005
Hui GUO, Can CHEN, Zongqiong ZHANG, Xinghai YANG, Shuhui LIANG, Xiaoli ZHANG, Zhijian XU, Baoxuan NONG, Danting LI, Xiuzhong XIA, Rui FENG. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Important Agronomic Characters of Oryza officinalis Wall ex G. Watt from Guangxi, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 906 -914 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.005
野生稻是水稻育种的宝贵种质资源,药用野生稻(Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt)是我国境内分布的3种野生稻之一,主要分布在广西、广东、云南和海南,具有抗病虫、抗逆境、高生物产量、高光效等优良特性[1-7]。HUANG等[8]与TAN等[9]从广西药用野生稻渗入系B5中鉴定到褐飞虱与白背飞虱的抗性基因,并完成了抗褐飞虱基因Bph14的克隆验证[10];BAO等[11]通过RNA-seq揭示药用野生稻中476个抗病相关基因;DEVANNA等[12]从药用野生稻中同源克隆Pi54of,对稻瘟病具有高抗性;陈玲等[13]鉴定发现云南药用野生稻对当前云南流行的白叶枯病小种及国内外部分强致病菌整体抗性较好;说明药用野生稻携带的优良基因在遗传研究和品种改良上具有较大应用潜力,是宝贵的水稻育种资源。
遗传多样性是生物多样性的基础与核心,而种质资源的多样性表型一直是育种家搜集材料的重要关注点[14-15]。国内外研究者对野生稻的遗传多样性和群体结构进行了大量研究[16-19]。陈新立等[20]对680份栽培稻和88份中国普通野生稻进行同工酶基因多样性分析,发现野生稻多样性大于栽培稻。朱作峰等[21]利用SSR标记比较不同地区的栽培稻与普通野生稻,也得到相同结果。SUN等[22]利用RFLP标记对来自11个亚洲国家122份普通野生稻进行分析,发现来自中国的遗传多样性最高。陈成斌等[23]用RAPD标记对116份广西药用野生稻分析表明,广西药用野生稻遗传多样性明显。苏龙等[24]采用25对SSR标记对1610份广西药用野生稻进行了分析,也得到同样的结果。这些研究阐明了野生稻丰富的遗传变异,并提出了保护策略[25]。然而,目前国内外对于药用野生稻多样性研究主要为分子标记分析或多地少量的形态分析,而针对广西药用野生稻农艺性状多样性的研究还较少。
药用野生稻为自花授粉植物,植株间基本不存在花粉传播,居群间和居群内的遗传变异主要来自基因突变[26]。对种质资源的表型多样性评价分析不仅是遗传演化研究和育种理论的基础,也为重要相关基因挖掘与利用提供最基础的材料和指导意义[27]。本研究选取广西16个县所有分布点收集的代表性药用野生稻资源199份,对其重要农艺性状进行遗传多样性分析,可为广西药用野生稻优异资源发掘与利用奠定科学基础。
供试材料为广西16个县收集的药用野生稻资源,共199份。样品地理分布与数量详见表1
参照《野生稻种质资源描述规范和数据标准》[28],对抽穗期、花药长度、粒长、粒宽、粒长宽比、粒重、生长习性、叶舌形状、柱头颜色、外观品质等10个重要农艺性状进行调查分析。方法如下:(1)抽穗期(d)。从播种到第一个穗子顶端露出叶鞘的天数;(2)花药长度。在抽穗期随机选取10个穗子,用游标卡尺各测量3枚花药的长度,取平均值,单位为mm,精确至0.1 mm;(3)粒长。随机选取成熟饱满谷粒10粒,用游标卡尺测量谷粒内外颖底部到颖尖的长度,取平均值,单位为mm,精确至0.1 mm;(4)粒宽。随机选取成熟饱满谷粒10粒,用游标卡尺测量谷粒内外颖底部到颖尖的长度,取平均值,单位为mm,精确至0.1 mm;(5)粒长宽比。粒长与粒宽的比值,精确至0.01;(6)粒重。每份种质随机取3份样本各100粒称重量,单位为g,精确至0.01 g。
采用Excel软件进行数据整理,采用SPSS 18软件计算平均值、标准差、变异系数,并进行相关性与主成分分析,用Origin2021软件绘制箱线图及聚类分析图。对数据进行标准化处理,即将各性状数据根据标准差(σ)与均值()分为10级,1级为Xi-2σ,10级为Xi+2σ,中间每级差为0.5σ。采用Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(H′)评价群体遗传多样性大小,计算公式[29]如下:
式中,pi表示某一性状第i个级别内材料数占总数的百分比,ln表示自然对数。
199份广西药用野生稻种质资源的5个重要农艺性状统计结果见表2。不同性状的变异系数范围为3.39%~11.90%,从大到小依次为:花药长度(11.90%)>抽穗期(9.12%)>粒重(6.24%)>粒长(4.64%)>粒宽(3.39%)。
199份广西药用野生稻种质资源5个重要农艺性状的遗传多样性指数范围为1.1567~2.0453,从大到小依次为花药长度(2.0453)>粒重(2.0379)>粒长(1.7727)>抽穗期(1.4878)>粒宽(1.1567)。除抽穗期外,其他4个性状的变异系数与遗传多样性指数趋势相同。5个重要农艺性状均有丰富的变异与遗传多样性,具有较大的挖掘潜力,可对水稻多样化育种与改良提供优异的种质资源。
广西药用野生稻199份广西药用野生稻种质资源5个重要性状相关性分析结果见表3,粒重与粒长、粒宽相关系数(r)分别为0.659、0.543,呈极显著正相关;粒长与粒宽相关系数为0.257,呈极显著正相关;粒长与花药长相关系数为0.144,粒宽与抽穗期相关系数为0.151,均呈显著正相关。
利用SPSS软件对199份广西药用野生稻的5个重要农艺性状进行主成分分析,各主成分因子载荷和贡献率见表4。结果表明,前2个主成分特征值在1.0以上,贡献率分别为36.968%和26.791%。粒长、粒重是影响主成分1的决定因子,粒宽是影响主成分2的决定因子,主成分1、2主要反映粒型与产量特征,主成分贡献率累积达63.759%。主成分3、4特征值相近,贡献率分别为16.306%和15.542%,抽穗期与花药长度是影响的决定因子,主要反映植株的生长性情况特征。前4个主成分贡献率累积达95.606%。
将5个农艺性状的调查观测值标准化后,采用Ward法、Euclidean距离进行聚类分析,可以把199份广西药用野生稻分成3个类群(图1)。同时,分别计算了3个类群的遗传多样性指数(表5),第Ⅰ类群包含57份,抽穗期多为中间类型,粒重以偏大为主;花药长度的遗传多样性指数最大为2.0834,粒宽的遗传多样性指数最小为0.9507。第Ⅱ类群包含121份,抽穗期多较长,粒重以偏小为主,遗传多样性指数仍以花药长度最大为1.9978,粒宽的遗传多样性指数最小为1.042。第Ⅲ类群包含21份,抽穗期全部为95 d;遗传多样性指数以粒重最大为1.8725。
将199份广西药用野生稻按地理居群进行分析,结果如图2所示。钦州居群和来宾居群的药用野生稻抽穗期多数小于其他5个市的居群。花药平均长度以南宁居群最长,为2.79 mm,钦州与梧州居群相近,分别为2.67 mm与2.68 mm,贺州居群最短,为2.38 mm。钦州居群药用野生稻的平均粒长明显大于其他6市居群,为5.70 mm,来宾居群最小,为5.17 mm。钦州居群药用野生稻的平均粒宽亦明显大于其他6市居群,为2.70 mm,贵港居群最小,为2.40 mm,其他5市居群的平均粒宽相近。广西药用野生稻各地理居群种子长宽比均值在2.11~2.26之间,钦州居群的粒长与粒宽都大,体积最大,平均粒重亦最大,贵港居群最小,为0.81 g,其他5市居群相近。
广西药用野生稻7个居群的多样性结果见表1,各居群的遗传多样性指数范围在0.3819~ 1.6731之间,从大到小依次为梧州市(1.6731)>玉林市(1.5784)>贵港市(1.5070)>南宁市(1.3325)>来宾市(1.2131)>贺州市(0.9629)>钦州市(0.3819)。各市样本数量与多样性指数之间的相关性系数为0.6435,但差异不显著。梧州市居群及样本数最多,且多样性指数最高,表明梧州市是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性中心。
植物表型性状是基因与环境共同作用的结果,对表型性状的分析可从整体上了解种质资源的多样性程度[30-31]。相对于普通野生稻,广西药用野生稻的多个表型是相对稳定的,如本调查对象的生长习性(株型)都为倾斜,叶舌白色且为圆顶或平状,柱头为紫色,种皮均为红色,成熟期内外颖有斑点黑色,均有短芒或部分芒,所以前人多认为其形态较单一[23]。本研究对广西7市16县199份药用野生稻5个重要表型性状进行调查分析,各性状的变异系数范围为3.39%~ 11.90%,平均为7.06%,表型多样性指数变异幅度为1.1807~2.9818,平均为2.3366。二者的结果表明,广西药用野生稻5个表型性状变异类型丰富,种质各具特色。陈成斌等[23]采用RAPD标记对广西药用野生稻资源进行分析,结果表明广西药用野生稻DNA多态性丰富,遗传多样性明显。NAREDO等[32]研究表明中国药用野生稻遗传多样性丰富,与印度、缅甸、泰国北部聚在同一类群。GAO[33]对中国4省18个居群442个药用野生稻进行的SSR标记分析;苏龙等[24]用25对SSR标记对广西1610份药用野生稻进行多样性分析,均表明广西药用野生稻遗传多样性丰富。本研究结果是在表型上对前人在分子标记方面研究结果的进一步证实。
我国野生稻主在分布在广东、广西、云南、海南、江西等地,各地区都具有丰富的遗传多样性,并表现出各自的特点[17,19,27,34-35]。多个研究者认为广东、广西是中国普通野生稻遗传多样性中心[36-37],尤其是北回归线附近的地区[38]。HUANG等[39]研究认为广西是我国普通野生稻遗传多样性中心和栽培稻的起源中心。薛艳霞等[40]研究认为郁江流域是广西普通野生稻多样性中心。对于药用野生稻,苏龙等[24]研究认为,梧州市与南宁市是遗传多样性指数最高的2个居群,因此确定这两地为广西药用野生稻的遗传多样性中心。而本研究表明,梧州市居群表型遗传多样性最高,是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性中心,南宁市居群表型遗传多样性居中,与苏龙等的研究结果部分相同。而余萍等[37]对223份广西普通野生稻在表型和SSR多样性进行分析,结果表明,北纬22°~23°和23°~24°范围内的2个区域内所包含的普通野生稻数量多,遗传多样性大,在DNA水平上是广西普通野生稻的遗传多样性中心,而表型性状多样性中心是在北纬21°~22°和22°~23°,所以表型多样性分布与DNA水平多样性并不完全一致。本研究中,虽然梧州市的居群多,样本量大,但样本量与多样性指数相关性不显著,而廖辉[41]研究也认为普通野生稻种群大小与遗传多样性水平无显著相关性。所以本研究认为梧州市是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性中心。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32160436)
  • 广西重大科技创新基地建设项目(2022-36-Z01)
  • 广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220026)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.005
  • 接收时间:2022-11-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-22
  • 修回日期:2022-12-08
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32160436)
广西重大科技创新基地建设项目(2022-36-Z01)
广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220026)
作者信息
    广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室,广西南宁 530007

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冯锐(FENG Rui),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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