Article(id=1276190518912614491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694016000000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-07, revisedDate=1696694400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197130181, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197130181, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197130181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197130181, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=873, endPage=885, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190520804245597, articleId=1276190518912614491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification and Applification of an Endogenous Reporter Gene Foc4carS in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt (Panama disease), is one of the most devastating diseases of banana (Musa spp.). The Foc race 4 (Foc4) is currently known as a major concern in global banana production. carS is involved in the biosynthesis of Fusarium carotenoid by regulating downstream car structural genes. In this study, Foc4carS (FOIG_05085) was cloned and identified. Foc4carS had a typical RING-finger protein domain. The fusion fragment of Foc4carS was obtained by using Split-marker PCR, and the pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS gene editing vector containing the sequence of sgRNA591 of Foc4carS was constructed, the PEG- mediated protoplast transformation was used to obtain the knockout mutants, the complement mutants and the gene-editing mutants. The biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the knockout mutants and the complement mutants were analyzed. The results showed that the colony diameter, sporulation and pathogenicity of ΔFoc4carS mutants were not significantly different with wild strain Foc4, but the colony color of ΔFoc4carS mutant was dark orange, deletion of the Foc4carS gene affected the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite carotenoid, and gene-edited ΔFoc4carS (HDR) mutants showed typical dark orange coloration in both regenerative screening plates and subcultured PDA plates. The results indicated that Foc4carS could be used as an endogenous reporter gene to perform gene plasmid CRISPR/Cas9 editing in F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense Foc4.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jun PENG, Fanyun ZENG, Yanwei WANG, Yanxiang QI, Zhaojian DING, Shaoling WANG, Yixian XIE, Xin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190522746208363, articleId=1276190518912614491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=香蕉枯萎病菌内源报告基因Foc4carS的鉴定及其应用, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴转化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)引起的香蕉毁灭性土传病害,其中4号生理小种(Foc4)能感染几乎所有的香蕉品系,危害最严重。carS基因通过调控下游car结构基因参与调控镰刀菌类胡萝卜素的生物合成,本研究克隆鉴定了Foc4carS基因(FOIG_05085),Foc4carS蛋白具有典型的RING-finger蛋白结构域。利用分割标记法(Split-marker PCR)获得Foc4carS基因的融合片段,同时构建含有Foc4carS基因sgRNA591序列的pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS基因编辑载体,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化获得该基因的敲除突变体、回补突变体以及基因编辑敲除体,并对敲除和回补突变体的生物学特性和致病力进行分析。结果显示:ΔFoc4carS突变体的菌落直径、产孢量和致病力等生物学表型与野生菌株Foc4无显著差异,而ΔFoc4carS突变体菌落颜色呈深橙色,Foc4carS基因的缺失影响了次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的生物合成;基因编辑的ΔFoc4carS(HDR)突变体不论是再生筛选板还是继代后的PDA平板,其菌落均出现典型的深橙色,表明Foc4carS可作为内源报告基因,在香蕉枯萎菌Foc4中进行基因质粒型CRISPR/Cas9编辑可行。

, authors=

彭军(1978—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:植物病理学。

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* 张欣(ZHANG Xin),E-mail:
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彭军(1978—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:植物病理学。

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Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2015, 112(12): 2543-2549., articleTitle=Tailor-made CRISPR/Cas system for highly efficient targeted gene replacement in the rice blast fungus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277241945508410331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=85, issue=3, pageStart=e01896, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=KATAYAMA T, NAKAMURA H, ZHANG Y, PASCAL A, FUJII W, MARUYAMA J I, journalName=Applied and Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KATAYAMA T, NAKAMURA H, ZHANG Y, PASCAL A, FUJII W, MARUYAMA J I. Forced recycling of an AMA1-based genome-editing plasmid allows for efficient multiple gene deletion/integration in the industrial filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2019, 85(3): e01896-18., articleTitle=Forced recycling of an AMA1-based genome-editing plasmid allows for efficient multiple gene deletion/integration in the industrial filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277241941712565182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, awardId=322RC756, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC756), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241941771285439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, awardId=CATASCXTD202308, language=CN, fundingSource=中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241941842588608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, awardId=CARS-31, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-31), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277241921282110313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921290498922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921282110313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921298887531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921282110313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277241921370190700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921378579309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921370190700, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921391162222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921370190700, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277241921491825520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921512797041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921491825520, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Biological Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571127, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241921525379954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, companyId=1277241921491825520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.琼台师范学院生物科学系,海南海口 571127)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277241937736364974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Genome alignment, protein domain prediction and phylogenetic tree analysis of Foc4carS, figureFileSmall=TccNTZxyGcCSrRk6pB984Q==, figureFileBig=UNf9WAvNvoylKYjROm414g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241938571031471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图1, caption=香蕉枯萎菌Foc4carS的基因组排列、蛋白结构域预测及进化树分析

A:Foc4carS在Foc4基因组的相对位置;B:香蕉枯萎菌Foc4carS蛋白结构域分析;C:Foc4carS系统进化树分析。

, figureFileSmall=TccNTZxyGcCSrRk6pB984Q==, figureFileBig=UNf9WAvNvoylKYjROm414g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241939024016305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Identification of ΔFoc4carS knockout and complementary mutants by PCR, figureFileSmall=635pxpL5hrOSLc1EtUwiMg==, figureFileBig=i5ghPxIqcANV4j+m6cb/7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241940613657522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ΔFoc4carS基因敲除及回补突变体的PCR鉴定

A:ΔFoc4carS敲除突变体的PCR验证;B:ΔFoc4carS回补突变体的PCR验证,1:H2O;2:Foc4;3:ΔFoc4carS;4:pYF11-Hph-Foc4carS

, figureFileSmall=635pxpL5hrOSLc1EtUwiMg==, figureFileBig=i5ghPxIqcANV4j+m6cb/7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241940743680947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Biological phenotypes of Foc4 and ΔFoc4carS knockout mutants, figureFileSmall=Ea8pfVwSvDxyQZ+l9tPKMQ==, figureFileBig=Y3fpt9fKJ5mtu/44f0+IYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241940991144884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图3, caption=ΔFoc4carS基因敲除突变体的生物学表型

A:平板菌落形态(28 ℃,5 d),发酵液颜色(28 ℃,180 r/min,7 d);B:菌丝顶端形态;C:分生孢子形态;D:菌落直径;E:产孢量。相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Ea8pfVwSvDxyQZ+l9tPKMQ==, figureFileBig=Y3fpt9fKJ5mtu/44f0+IYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941066642358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression analysis of car genes under different light treatments, figureFileSmall=xARjlNQJl6BOMCFnm/jsUw==, figureFileBig=rl4bQUZ00xBZjK9PU0vkPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941129556919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图4, caption=在不同光照处理下car基因的表达分析

A:菌落表型(28 ℃,5 d);B:Foc4carS基因表达分析;C:Foc4carRAFoc4carB的基因表达分析。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=xARjlNQJl6BOMCFnm/jsUw==, figureFileBig=rl4bQUZ00xBZjK9PU0vkPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941205054392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Pathogenicity test of wild-type Foc4 and ΔFoc4carS knockout mutants on banana plantlets (Musa AAA Cavendish cv. Brazil), figureFileSmall=+KKrEAAjcFcigws6urNrEg==, figureFileBig=wzINRHF9AjEzW02qkdg80Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941267968953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图5, caption=野生株Foc4和ΔFoc4carS突变体在巴西蕉苗的致病力测定

A:野生株Foc4和ΔFoc4carS侵染巴西蕉后的发病症状;B:野生株Foc4和ΔFoc4carS侵染巴西蕉苗的病情指数,不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=+KKrEAAjcFcigws6urNrEg==, figureFileBig=wzINRHF9AjEzW02qkdg80Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941343466426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing plasmids for Foc4carS and and phenotype of ΔFoc4carS (HDR) gene editing mutants, figureFileSmall=jXF8Kkc90g39xZTdaXQSgg==, figureFileBig=4uvs78MrzG63kEQbTw12Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941410575291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Foc4carS的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑质粒示意图以及基因编辑突变体表型分析

A:基因编辑载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph示意图;B:Foc4carS设计的gRNA591序列示意图;C:基因编辑ΔFoc4carS (HDR)突变体的菌落形态;D:基因编辑ΔFoc4carS (HDR)突变体的PCR验证。

, figureFileSmall=jXF8Kkc90g39xZTdaXQSgg==, figureFileBig=4uvs78MrzG63kEQbTw12Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241941477684156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Sequence of primers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name序列(5′–3′)Sequence (5′–3′)功能Function
carS-U-FTGACTCGAGAGCTCCAGGGTATFor construct the upstream fragment
carS-NEO-U-RGAAATTGTAAGCGTTAATCTAGA
ACTCTTCGTTGTGTCGTAGCGG
carS-NEO-D-FCCTTCTTGACGAGTTCTTCTGAFor construct the downstream fragment
TGCTTGCCCTACTATCTCTCGC
carS-D-RCTCCACAAGACCCAGCACCTAA
carS-N-FCCTCGTCTCTAGGTGCTTCTATTCFor construct the upstream fragment with NEO
NEO-R1GAGCAAGGTGAGATGACAGGAG
NEO-F1CACCACTCGATCCGTCACCAACFor construct the downstream fragment with NEO
carS-N-RCACTGGCTACTATGGACACAGGA
carS-outside-1FCGGCCATATTCATGCACTCGACPrimers for validation knockout mutants
carS-outside-2609RAGATGCCTCCCAACCGAATCAA
carS-inside-1FCACCACCTCCTGATGCTGATGA
carS-inside-785RTGGAGATGTCGGTGTTGGTTCA
NEO-FTCTAGATTAACGCTTACAATTTCPrimers for the full length of neomycin gene
NEO-RTCAGAAGAACTCGTCAAGAAGG
HYG-pYF11-PgpdA-FCTACAAAATGAAGCACAGATGCTTCGTTGGGCTGCAGPrimers for Hph cassette into pYF11 vector
CTTGGCTGGAGCTAGTGGAGGT
HYG-pYF11-PgpdA-RTAGTATTTATTTAAGTATTGTTTGTGCACTTGCAGGCCT
CCCGGTCGGCATCTACTCTAT
carS-Com-native-1FCACCGCGGTGGCGGCCGCTCTAGAACTAGTFor construct the complemental fragment
TGTCAATCCATCCTAGCCCGTCCC
carS-Com-3414RCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCAC
ATCAGAGGATTGTGCAGCCGTGGA
HYG-probe-1FTTCAGCTTCGATGTAGGAGGGCPrimers for validation complemental mutants
HYG-probe-598RCCAGAAGAGGATGTTGGCGACC
pCT74-sGFP-123FCTGACCCTGAAGTTCATCTGC
pCT74-sGFP-468RGCTTGTCGGCCATGATATAGA
carS-qPCR-FCGAATGCGTCAACAGAGTGTSpecific primers of carS for qRT-PCR
carS-qPCR-RGATGTGCCCAGGAGTCGATA
carRA-qPCR-FCATCCAGCGCGAAGTTGTCSpecific primers of carRA for qRT-PCR
carRA-qPCR-RCGCGCGATATTGACGTATTG
carB-qPCR-FACCCTTCACATGGCAAGAGASpecific primers of carB for qRT-PCR
carB-qPCR-RGCACCAGCGAAGTACAAGTT
Actin-FGAGAACGAGCGTGTCTTGATTGAGCCSpecific primers of Actin for qRT-PCR
Actin-RTTTCCTCCGCAGAATGAAGAAGGACTC
5SrRNA-U-F-EcoRIGTTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGAATTCConstruction of 5SrRNA-Foc4carS- sgRNA591 sequence
GATGACAAATTCAACAACTC
carS-sgRNA591-RCCAGGCGATAAGTGGCGATACATACAACAG
CGGGGATTCG CTGGT
carS-sgRNA591-FTATCGCCACTTATCGCCTGG
GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCA
5SrRNA-U-R-EcoRITCGCGAGGTACCGAGCTCGAATT
ATTAAGGTTGGCAAGTGCAGGA
pYF11-carS-HDR-F1ACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTTo construct the HDR donor plasmid of Homology directed repair
TCCCAGTTGTCAATCCATCCT
carS-LB-R1GCGAGAGATAGTAGGGCAAGCA
ACTCTTCGTTGTGTCGTAGCGG
carS-RB-F2CCGCTACGACACAACGAAGAGT
TGCTTGCCCTACTATCTCTCGC
pYF11-carS-HDR-R2GTGCGCAGAGGAGCCTGAATGTTGAGTGGAATGATG
CACTGGCTACTATGGACACAGGA
PgpdA-2648FTGTGAAGCCAGGGGTGTATAGCPrimers for validation ofΔFoc4carS (HDR) gene editing mutants
Cas9-424RGCTTCTTGCGAAGGTGGTAG
pRS-markerCGGCATCAGAGCAGATTGTA
gRNA-RCAAGTTGATAACGGACTAGC
), ArticleFig(id=1277241941561570237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name序列(5′–3′)Sequence (5′–3′)功能Function
carS-U-FTGACTCGAGAGCTCCAGGGTATFor construct the upstream fragment
carS-NEO-U-RGAAATTGTAAGCGTTAATCTAGA
ACTCTTCGTTGTGTCGTAGCGG
carS-NEO-D-FCCTTCTTGACGAGTTCTTCTGAFor construct the downstream fragment
TGCTTGCCCTACTATCTCTCGC
carS-D-RCTCCACAAGACCCAGCACCTAA
carS-N-FCCTCGTCTCTAGGTGCTTCTATTCFor construct the upstream fragment with NEO
NEO-R1GAGCAAGGTGAGATGACAGGAG
NEO-F1CACCACTCGATCCGTCACCAACFor construct the downstream fragment with NEO
carS-N-RCACTGGCTACTATGGACACAGGA
carS-outside-1FCGGCCATATTCATGCACTCGACPrimers for validation knockout mutants
carS-outside-2609RAGATGCCTCCCAACCGAATCAA
carS-inside-1FCACCACCTCCTGATGCTGATGA
carS-inside-785RTGGAGATGTCGGTGTTGGTTCA
NEO-FTCTAGATTAACGCTTACAATTTCPrimers for the full length of neomycin gene
NEO-RTCAGAAGAACTCGTCAAGAAGG
HYG-pYF11-PgpdA-FCTACAAAATGAAGCACAGATGCTTCGTTGGGCTGCAGPrimers for Hph cassette into pYF11 vector
CTTGGCTGGAGCTAGTGGAGGT
HYG-pYF11-PgpdA-RTAGTATTTATTTAAGTATTGTTTGTGCACTTGCAGGCCT
CCCGGTCGGCATCTACTCTAT
carS-Com-native-1FCACCGCGGTGGCGGCCGCTCTAGAACTAGTFor construct the complemental fragment
TGTCAATCCATCCTAGCCCGTCCC
carS-Com-3414RCCCGGTGAACAGCTCCTCGCCCTTGCTCAC
ATCAGAGGATTGTGCAGCCGTGGA
HYG-probe-1FTTCAGCTTCGATGTAGGAGGGCPrimers for validation complemental mutants
HYG-probe-598RCCAGAAGAGGATGTTGGCGACC
pCT74-sGFP-123FCTGACCCTGAAGTTCATCTGC
pCT74-sGFP-468RGCTTGTCGGCCATGATATAGA
carS-qPCR-FCGAATGCGTCAACAGAGTGTSpecific primers of carS for qRT-PCR
carS-qPCR-RGATGTGCCCAGGAGTCGATA
carRA-qPCR-FCATCCAGCGCGAAGTTGTCSpecific primers of carRA for qRT-PCR
carRA-qPCR-RCGCGCGATATTGACGTATTG
carB-qPCR-FACCCTTCACATGGCAAGAGASpecific primers of carB for qRT-PCR
carB-qPCR-RGCACCAGCGAAGTACAAGTT
Actin-FGAGAACGAGCGTGTCTTGATTGAGCCSpecific primers of Actin for qRT-PCR
Actin-RTTTCCTCCGCAGAATGAAGAAGGACTC
5SrRNA-U-F-EcoRIGTTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGAATTCConstruction of 5SrRNA-Foc4carS- sgRNA591 sequence
GATGACAAATTCAACAACTC
carS-sgRNA591-RCCAGGCGATAAGTGGCGATACATACAACAG
CGGGGATTCG CTGGT
carS-sgRNA591-FTATCGCCACTTATCGCCTGG
GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCA
5SrRNA-U-R-EcoRITCGCGAGGTACCGAGCTCGAATT
ATTAAGGTTGGCAAGTGCAGGA
pYF11-carS-HDR-F1ACTCACTATAGGGCGAATTGGGTACTCAAATTGGTTTo construct the HDR donor plasmid of Homology directed repair
TCCCAGTTGTCAATCCATCCT
carS-LB-R1GCGAGAGATAGTAGGGCAAGCA
ACTCTTCGTTGTGTCGTAGCGG
carS-RB-F2CCGCTACGACACAACGAAGAGT
TGCTTGCCCTACTATCTCTCGC
pYF11-carS-HDR-R2GTGCGCAGAGGAGCCTGAATGTTGAGTGGAATGATG
CACTGGCTACTATGGACACAGGA
PgpdA-2648FTGTGAAGCCAGGGGTGTATAGCPrimers for validation ofΔFoc4carS (HDR) gene editing mutants
Cas9-424RGCTTCTTGCGAAGGTGGTAG
pRS-markerCGGCATCAGAGCAGATTGTA
gRNA-RCAAGTTGATAACGGACTAGC
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香蕉枯萎病菌内源报告基因Foc4carS的鉴定及其应用
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彭军 1, 2 , 曾凡云 1, 2 , 王艳玮 1 , 漆艳香 1 , 丁兆建 3 , 王少伶 1 , 谢艺贤 1 , 张欣 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(5): 873-885
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (5) : 873 -885
香蕉枯萎病菌内源报告基因Foc4carS的鉴定及其应用
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[Author(id=1277241921718317940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277241921798009721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, authorId=1277241921718317940, language=EN, stringName=Jun PENG, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=PENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
2.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277241922133554042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190518912614491, authorId=1277241921718317940, language=CN, stringName=彭军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000, bio={"content":"

彭军(1978—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:植物病理学。

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彭军(1978—),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:植物病理学。

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彭军1, 2, 曾凡云1, 2, 王艳玮1, 漆艳香1, 丁兆建3, 王少伶1, 谢艺贤1, 张欣1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000
  • 3.琼台师范学院生物科学系,海南海口 571127
通讯作者:
* 张欣(ZHANG Xin),E-mail:
Identification and Applification of an Endogenous Reporter Gene Foc4carS in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4
Jun PENG1, 2, Fanyun ZENG1, 2, Yanwei WANG1, Yanxiang QI1, Zhaojian DING3, Shaoling WANG1, Yixian XIE1, Xin ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
  • 3.Department of Biological Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571127, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.001
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香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴转化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,Foc)引起的香蕉毁灭性土传病害,其中4号生理小种(Foc4)能感染几乎所有的香蕉品系,危害最严重。carS基因通过调控下游car结构基因参与调控镰刀菌类胡萝卜素的生物合成,本研究克隆鉴定了Foc4carS基因(FOIG_05085),Foc4carS蛋白具有典型的RING-finger蛋白结构域。利用分割标记法(Split-marker PCR)获得Foc4carS基因的融合片段,同时构建含有Foc4carS基因sgRNA591序列的pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS基因编辑载体,通过PEG介导的原生质体转化获得该基因的敲除突变体、回补突变体以及基因编辑敲除体,并对敲除和回补突变体的生物学特性和致病力进行分析。结果显示:ΔFoc4carS突变体的菌落直径、产孢量和致病力等生物学表型与野生菌株Foc4无显著差异,而ΔFoc4carS突变体菌落颜色呈深橙色,Foc4carS基因的缺失影响了次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的生物合成;基因编辑的ΔFoc4carS(HDR)突变体不论是再生筛选板还是继代后的PDA平板,其菌落均出现典型的深橙色,表明Foc4carS可作为内源报告基因,在香蕉枯萎菌Foc4中进行基因质粒型CRISPR/Cas9编辑可行。

香蕉枯萎菌Foc4  /  Foc4carS基因  /  类胡萝卜素  /  基因敲除  /  CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt (Panama disease), is one of the most devastating diseases of banana (Musa spp.). The Foc race 4 (Foc4) is currently known as a major concern in global banana production. carS is involved in the biosynthesis of Fusarium carotenoid by regulating downstream car structural genes. In this study, Foc4carS (FOIG_05085) was cloned and identified. Foc4carS had a typical RING-finger protein domain. The fusion fragment of Foc4carS was obtained by using Split-marker PCR, and the pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS gene editing vector containing the sequence of sgRNA591 of Foc4carS was constructed, the PEG- mediated protoplast transformation was used to obtain the knockout mutants, the complement mutants and the gene-editing mutants. The biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the knockout mutants and the complement mutants were analyzed. The results showed that the colony diameter, sporulation and pathogenicity of ΔFoc4carS mutants were not significantly different with wild strain Foc4, but the colony color of ΔFoc4carS mutant was dark orange, deletion of the Foc4carS gene affected the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite carotenoid, and gene-edited ΔFoc4carS (HDR) mutants showed typical dark orange coloration in both regenerative screening plates and subcultured PDA plates. The results indicated that Foc4carS could be used as an endogenous reporter gene to perform gene plasmid CRISPR/Cas9 editing in F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense Foc4.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4  /  Foc4carS  /  carotenoid  /  gene knockout  /  CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system
彭军, 曾凡云, 王艳玮, 漆艳香, 丁兆建, 王少伶, 谢艺贤, 张欣. 香蕉枯萎病菌内源报告基因Foc4carS的鉴定及其应用. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 873 -885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.001
Jun PENG, Fanyun ZENG, Yanwei WANG, Yanxiang QI, Zhaojian DING, Shaoling WANG, Yixian XIE, Xin ZHANG. Identification and Applification of an Endogenous Reporter Gene Foc4carS in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 873 -885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.001
镰刀菌属(Fusarium)真菌是主要的植物病原菌,能够产生多种次生代谢产物,次生代谢产物可以分为聚酮类(黄色镰刀菌素、伏马毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮等)、非核糖体多肽类(铁载体等)和萜类(单端孢霉烯和类胡萝卜素等)3种主要的类型[1-2]。在萜类化合物中,类胡萝卜素生物合成的主要产物是羧基叶黄素链孢霉黄素(carboxylic xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin,NX),由香叶酰焦磷酸盐通过carRAcarBcarTcarD四种结构基因编码不同的酶参与类胡萝卜素的生物合成,类胡萝卜素的生物合成相关基因受到光照的正调控表达[3-6]。此外,这些真菌还产生少量的β-胡萝卜素(β-carotene),β-胡萝卜素可能被CarX加氧酶裂解产生视网膜,即视紫红质的发色团[7-8]
carS基因通过调控下游car结构基因参与调控镰刀菌类胡萝卜素的生物合成。在水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)中利用化学诱变剂[甲基硝基亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N- nitrosoguanidine,MNNG)]首次获得了类胡萝卜素过量表达的carS突变体,carS突变体菌落呈深橙色[9]carS基因在结构和功能上保守,将水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)的carS基因回补到F. oxysporumcarS突变体中,可以恢复类胡萝卜素的生物合成[4];在尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain 4287,Fol)上也鉴定到编码RING-finger的carS基因,敲除carS后的突变体菌株出现深橙色菌落颜色,carS基因通过负调控下游car结构基因控制类胡萝卜素的生物合成[5]。此外,carS受到上游lncRNA carP的负调控表达[10]。敲除carPcarS上调表达,突变株出现白化表型,通过转录组测序以及重新导入carP到敲除突变体的表型分析表明,carP只有在插入carS上游表型才能够恢复,因此,carP是顺式调控因子,通过负调控carS基因参与调控镰刀菌属Fusarium的类胡萝卜素生物合成[11]。在有光照的情况下,carS的mRNA水平更高,氮饥饿无明显变化,在热休克或氧化应激后,carS的mRNA水平明显下降,这表明存在不同的激活机制。CarS突变体的孢子比野生型的孢子对H2O2的抗性更强,然而,该突变体在生长水平上表现出更强的H2O2敏感性,这可能是由于CarS参与调节具有过氧化氢酶结构域的基因[12]
CRISPR/Cas9是一种存在于细菌和古菌中保守的获得性免疫防御机制,近年来已被开发成为一种方便灵活的基因组编辑技术,可直接在基因组上进行DNA序列的敲除、插入、定点突变以及组合编辑等[13-15]。王艳玮等[16]在香蕉枯萎菌Foc4中克隆鉴定出Foc4Bik1基因,通过同源重组修复(homology directed repair,HDR)的方式进行Foc4Bik1基因编辑,获得ΔFoc4Bik1(HDR)基因编辑敲除子,该ΔFoc4Bik1(HDR)基因编辑敲除子呈现白色菌落表型。本研究以香蕉枯萎菌Foc4为研究对象,通过获得Foc4carS基因的敲除和回补突变体,测定突变体的生物学表型和致病力,明确Foc4carS基因功能,同时构建以Foc4carS为靶标基因的体内表达Cas9和sgRNA的质粒型CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑体系,并以此评估在香蕉枯萎菌Foc4中基因编辑的可行性,为香蕉枯萎菌的分子生物学研究提供有力的技术支撑。
香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4,Foc4),由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所热带果树病害研究组鉴定保存;回补载体pYF11由南京农业大学张海峰教授课题组惠赠,载体pKOV21由华中农业大学植物科学技术学院陈小林教授课题组惠赠;试验接种的香蕉品种为巴西蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish cv. Brazil),购自中国热带农业科学院种苗组培中心;PCR引物由北京六合华大基因科技有限公司合成(PAGE纯化,表1)。
DNA普通聚合酶(2×Taq Master Mix Dye Plus,P112-1)、DNA高保真聚合酶(Phata Max Super-fidelity DNA Polymerase,P505-d2)、DNase I(EN401)、反转录酶试剂盒(HiScript 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit,R111-02)、qRT-PCR试剂盒(ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix,Q311-03)、DNA重组克隆试剂盒(ClonExpress® II One Step Cloning Kit,C112-02)等购自南京诺唯赞(Vazyme)生物科技股份有限公司;质粒小量提取试剂盒(Plasmid Mini Kit I,D6943-02)和胶回收试剂盒(Gel Extraction Kit,D2500-02)购自Omega Bio-Tek公司;溶壁酶(Lysing enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum,L1412)和崩溃酶(DriselaseTM from Basidiomycetes sp.,D9515-25G)购自Sigma公司;酵母转化试剂盒(Alkali-CationTM Yeast Transformation Kit,#112200200)、总RNA提取试剂盒(Trizol Reagent,B610409-0100)等购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。
PDA培养基:马铃薯去皮200 g,切成土豆片后,加入蒸馏水煮25~30 min后,用3层纱布过滤,加入20.0 g葡萄糖,15.0 g琼脂粉至滤液中,定容至1 L;LB培养基:胰蛋白胨10.0 g,酵母提取物5.0 g,氯化钠10.0 g,ddH2O定容至1 L,调节pH至7.0(固体LB培养基加入15.0 g琼脂粉);YEPD培养基:蛋白胨10g,酵母提取物3 g,葡萄糖20 g,ddH2O定容至1 L(固体YEPD培养基加入15.0 g琼脂粉);RM再生培养基:蔗糖205.5 g,酵母提取物3.0 g,葡萄糖20.0 g,ddH2O定容至1 L(固体RM培养基加入15.0 g琼脂粉)。
0.7 mol/L NaCl缓冲液:40.908 g NaCl,ddH2O定容至1 L;1 mol/L Tris(pH 7.5)缓冲液:Tris Base 121.14 g,HCl调节pH至7.5,ddH2O定容至1 L;STC缓冲液:1.2 mol/L山梨醇,10 mmol/L Tris-Cl(pH 7.5),50 mmol/L CaCl2,ddH2O定容至1 L;PTC缓冲液:40%PEG 3350,10 mmol/L Tris-Cl(pH 7.5),50 mmol/L CaCl2,ddH2O定容至1 L。
从NCBI数据库下载香蕉枯萎菌Foc4carS基因(FOIG_05085)序列,利用在线软件SMART(http://smart.embl.de)分析Foc4carS蛋白的保守功能域。通过Blastx进行同源比对,获得Foc4carS亲缘关系相近的蛋白序列,利用MEGA-X软件构建系统进化树(统计方法选用Neighbor-Joining,选用Bootstrap method进行系统发育检验,No. of Bootstrap Replications为1000次;替代模型选用Jones-Taylor-Thornton(JTT)model)。
参考已发布的Foc4野生株基因组序列(JH658279.1)分析carS基因在Foc4基因组上与调控基因之间的相对位置。首先,分析Foc4carS上游是否存在负调控lncRNA carP,以及与Foc4carS基因在基因组上的相对排列位置[11];其次,分析Foc4carS下游结构基因carRA、carBcarTcarD以及carX在基因组上的排列位置以及是否呈基因簇排列[7]
以香蕉枯萎菌Foc4的基因组DNA为模板,分别用引物carS-U-F/carS-NEO-U-R和carS-NEO-D-F/carS-DR扩增出Foc4carS的上、下游片段,利用Splitmarker重组方法[17],用引物carS-N-F/NEO-R1和NEO-F1/carS-N-R构建与新霉素的融合片段,并用于后续的Foc4carS基因敲除。
香蕉枯萎菌Foc4原生质体转化及敲除突变体的验证参照文献[16,18-19]。将含有部分新霉素抗性基因NEO序列的上、下游敲除片段(3~5 µg)加入到含有200 µL Foc4原生质体的2.0 mL离心管中,轻柔混匀后,冰上放置30 min。向混合液中逐滴加入200 µL PTC,轻柔混匀,冰上放置7 min;再次逐滴加入200 µL PTC,轻柔混匀,冰上放置7 min;将约700~800 µL原生质体混合液转移至50 mL圆底离心管中,逐滴加入800 µL PTC,轻柔混匀,室温放置10 min。将预冷的STC溶液加入到混合液至25 mL,轻柔混匀后,4 ℃,5000 r/min离心10 min,小心去除上清液;加入RM液体培养基5 mL,充分混匀,转至28 ℃,100 r/min摇培12~16 h。加入30 mL含有200 µg/mL新霉素和50 µg/mL链霉素的RM固体培养基,轻柔混匀后倒入5个培养皿,室温静置10 min,向5个平板内再分别倒入15 mL RM固体培养基(200 µg/mL新霉素和50 µg/mL链霉素),室温静置30 min,随后转入28 ℃培养箱中,倒置培养3~7 d,长出转化子后,将转化子转接于PDA培养基(200 µg/mL新霉素和50 µg/mL链霉素)继续进行抗性筛选,28 ℃培养3~5 d,长出菌落后收集菌丝,提取转化子基因组DNA,用carS-outside-1F/carS-outside-2609R、carS-Inside-1F/carS-inside-785R、NEO-F/NEO-R等3对引物对转化子进行PCR验证。
以pKOV21质粒DNA为模板,使用引物HYG-pYF11-PgpdA-F/HYG-pYF11-PgpdAR扩增Hph抗性基因片段,以pYF11为骨架,用Pst Ⅰ单切线性化,将Hph抗性基因片段连入pYF11,获得载体pYF11-Hph。以Foc4基因组DNA为模板,引物carS-Com-native-1F/carS-Com-3414R进行PCR扩增,扩增片段Foc4carS-Com长度为3414 bp,含有Foc4carS基因原始启动子序列(1380 nt)和ORF序列(1973 nt,去除终止密码子)。
将载体pYF11-HphXho Ⅰ单切线性化,将3.4 kb的扩增片段Foc4carS-Com和pYF11-Hph按照9∶1比例共转化酵母感受态,在酵母SD-Trp培养基长出单菌落后,利用pYF11骨架上的通用引物M13F(-47)与Foc4carS基因特异反向引物carS-inside-785R组合,进行菌落PCR验证,将阳性单克隆提取酵母质粒DNA,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,进行菌落PCR后获得回补载体pYF11-Hph-Foc4carS
ΔFoc4carS的基因回补过程的原生质体制备和PEG介导转化参照方法1.2.3,将15~20 µg的回补载体pYF11-Hph-Foc4carS与200 µL ΔFoc4carS基因敲除突变体原生质体混合,在含有100 µg/mL潮霉素的RM再生培养基进行抗性筛选,转化子用carS-inside-1F/carS-Inside-785R、HYG-probe-1F/HYG-probe-598R、pCT74-sGFP-123F/pCT74-sGFP-468R等3对引物进行PCR验证。
参照王艳玮等[16]的方法对ΔFoc4carS突变体进行菌落形态观察、菌落直径的测定、分生孢子形态显微观察和分生孢子产量测定等,试验重复3次。
收集Foc4和ΔFoc4carS分别接种于PDA培养基上培养5 d的菌丝,液氮处理10 min后于–80 ℃冰箱保存备用。使用Trizol法提取样品的总RNA,按照HiScript®ⅢReverse Transcriptase操作说明书进行cDNA合成,参考ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix产品说明书,采用20 μL体系,分别使用carS-qPCR-F/carS-qPCR-R、carRA-qPCR-F/carRA-qPCR-R、carB-qPCR-F/carB-qPCR-R等3对引物进行qRT-PCR,以Foc4的Actin为内参基因,采用2-ΔΔCT值比较分析car基因在Foc4和ΔFoc4carS不同光/暗处理下的表达量。
ΔFoc4carS突变体致病力测定参照王艳玮等[16]的方法,接种30~40 d后,参考MOHAMED等[20]的病情调查分级标准,统计发病情况并拍照。
参照SHI等[14]和王艳玮等[16]的方法,以水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)的基因编辑载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph(Addgene No. 121092),设计并构建以Foc4carS为靶标基因的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑载体。
首先通过在线gRNA序列设计网站(http://grna.ctegd.uga.edu/http://crispor.tefor.net/),确定gRNA的序列(Foc4carS-gRNA591:TATCGCC ACTTATCGCCTGGCGG)。构建5SrRNA-Foc4carS-sgRNA591序列:首先人工合成263 nt的Ff5SrRNA-fcc1-sgRNA基因序列[14],以此为DNA模板进行2轮PCR构建5SrRNA-Foc4carS-sgRNA591。第一轮PCR分别用引物5SrRNA-U-F-EcoRI/carS-sgRNA591-R、carS-sgRNA591-F/5SrRNA-U-R-EcoRI扩增5SrRNA-Foc4CarS-sgRNA591的上、下两端序列;第二轮PCR用引物5SrRNA-U-F-EcoRI/5SrRNA-U-R-EcoRI进行融合PCR扩增,得到5SrRNA-Foc4carS-sgRNA591序列。
其次,将5SrRNA-Foc4carS-sgRNA591同源重组导入编辑载体。pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph载体质粒DNA用EcoR I酶切后,按照ClonExpress® One Step Cloning KitⅡ说明书,将5SrRNA-Foc4carS-sgRNA591序列导入载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph,获得靶向Foc4carS的pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS基因编辑载体,该载体采用体内表达的Cas9和sgRNA质粒进行基因编辑。
最后,利用pYF11载体构建同源重组修复(homology directed repair,HDR)的HDR供体质粒pYF11-Foc4carS-HDR。第一步,采用2轮PCR方法融合扩增Foc4carS-HDR序列。第一轮PCR分别采用引物pYF11-carS-HDR-F1/carS-LB-R1、carS-RB-F2/pYF11-carS-HDR-R2扩增Foc4carS基因的上游1302 bp、下游1220 bp同源序列;第二轮PCR采用引物pYF11-carS-HDR-F1/pYF11-carS-HDR-R2进行overlap PCR扩增上、下两段序列成为Foc4carS-HDR序列。第二步,Foc4carS-HDR序列导入pYF11构建成pYF11-Foc4carS-HDR载体作为基因编辑的HDR模板。将pYF11载体DNA经Xho Ⅰ线性化,Foc4carS-HDR序列和pYF11-XhoⅠ线性DNA混合共转化XK1-25酵母细胞,参照酵母转化试剂盒(Alkali-CationTM Yeast Transformation Ki,t#112200200)说明书进行转化,以构建重组供体质粒pYF11-Foc4carSHDR,从阳性酵母XK1-25转化子中提取质粒,并将其转移到大肠杆菌DH5α菌株中扩繁,PCR检测大肠杆菌DH5α中的重组质粒后测序再次验证,然后提取pYF11-Foc4carS-HDR质粒备用。
分别取5 µg pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4CarS、供体质粒pYF11-Foc4carS-HDR混入200 µL 1×107个/mL的Foc4原生质体,轻轻混匀后冰浴30 min,采用含有100 µg/mL潮霉素HYG抗性的RM再生培养基进行抗性筛选,其他步骤与1.2.3的原生质体转化方法一致。利用carS-outside-1F/carS-outside-2609R、carS-inside-1F/carS-inside-785R、PgpdA-2648F/Cas9-424R、pRS-marker/gRNAR等4对引物对编辑转化子进行PCR验证,基因编辑后的阳性转化子筛选方法与基因敲除阳性转化子筛选方法一致,差别在于基因敲除突变体carS基因位点被抗性基因HYG取代,而基因编辑后的突变体中carS基因没有被抗性基因取代位点,而是被重组删除。
采用WPS Office和SPSS 22.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析并作图,采用单因素方差分析中的Duncan’s检验进行差异显著性分析。
在Foc4基因组中通过同源比对发现,Foc4carS基因(FOIG_05085)的CDS全长为1776 nt,包含2个内含子,编码592个氨基酸。在Foc4carS基因上游1295 nt处存在长度为1296 nt的lncRNA Foc4carP,其基因组排列与水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)中的一致,说明在Foc4中,Foc4carS也可能受到上游Foc4carP的负调控(图1A)。Foc4中car基因的排列与前期尖孢镰刀菌番茄转化型(Fol)和尖孢镰刀菌棉花专化型(Fov)上的报道一致,Foc4carX/Foc4carRA/Foc4carB/Foc4carO一起排列在Foc4的基因组上(图1A)。香蕉枯萎菌Foc4carS与水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)、禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum)等含有相同的蛋白功能域,除了含有典型的RING-finger蛋白结构域外,还含有N端依赖ATP的LON蛋白酶结构域[ATP-dependent protease Lon(La)protease](图1B)。系统发育进化树结果显示:香蕉枯萎菌Foc4carS蛋白与尖孢镰刀菌不同专化型的同源性最高,聚为一簇,而与大丽轮枝孢(Verticillium dahliae)、希金斯刺盘孢(Colletotrichum higginsianum)、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia grisea)等病原真菌的carS蛋白亲缘关系较远,说明香蕉枯萎菌的Foc4carS蛋白与其他尖孢镰刀菌专化型的carS蛋白具有相近的亲缘关系(图1C)。
以Foc4基因组DNA为模板,分别用引物carS-U-F/carS-NEO-U-R和carS-NEO-D-F/carS-D-R扩增出上游、下游片段,获得上游片段1595 bp,下游片段1582 bp。利用融合PCR构建出敲除片段,以上游片段和新霉素全长基因为模板,用引物carS-N-F/NEO-R1扩增出上游与新霉素融合片段,大小为2010 bp;以下游片段和新霉素全长基因为模板,用引物NEO-F1/carS-N-R扩增出下游与新霉素融合片段,大小为2196 bp。
通过PEG介导的原生质体转化Foc4并获得具有新霉素NEO抗性的ΔFoc4carS候选转化子,利用carS-outside-1F/carS-outside-2609R、carS-inside-1F/carS-inside-785R、NEO-F/NEO-R等3对引物对转化子进行PCR验证,得到6个阳性突变体。其中Outside引物(carS-outside-1F/carS-outside-2609R)从ΔFoc4carS敲除突变体中扩增出1915 bp,而野生型Foc4扩增片段大小为2609 bp;Inside引物(carS-inside-1F/carS-inside-785R)从Foc4中扩增出785 bp特异条带,而ΔFoc4carS敲除体未能扩增出特异条带;抗性基因新霉素NEO的PCR扩增结果显示,野生株Foc4中未能扩增出1370 bp条带,而在ΔFoc4carS敲除突变体中均能扩增到1370 bp条带,此PCR检测结果表明Foc4carS基因成功被新霉素基因替换(图2A)。
构建的回补载体pYF11-Hph-Foc4carS通过PEG介导转化敲除突变体(ΔFoc4carS-8)原生质体,经基因内部特异引物carS-inside-1F/carS-inside-785R、pYF11-Hph骨架上的抗性基因潮霉素Hph引物HYG-probe-1F/HYG-probe-598R、绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因引物pCT74-sGFP-123F/pCT74-sGFP-468R等3对引物验证,得到回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com图2B)。
在PDA培养基上培养5 d后,ΔFoc4carS敲除突变体出现橙色菌落,野生型Foc4和回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com均为白色菌落,菌落颜色差异明显。PDB液体摇培7 d后,ΔFoc4carS敲除突变体中也出现深橙色摇培菌液,而Foc4和回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com则为白色菌液(图3A);对敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS、回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com和野生型Foc4菌株的菌丝顶端形态以及分生孢子形态进行显微观察,发现Foc4carS基因缺失对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝顶端形态(图3B)和分生孢子形态(图3C)均无明显影响;同时,敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS的菌落直径和产孢量与野生菌株Foc4相比均无显著差异(图3D图3E)。ΔFoc4carS中类胡萝卜素过量表达出现深橙色表型,说明carS基因有作为香蕉枯萎菌内源报告的特征和潜力。
为了揭示Foc4中类胡萝卜素的合成分别受到光诱导的正调控和carS的负调控机制,本研究对Foc4和ΔFoc4carS的表型与主要car基因(carRAcarB)的mRNA表达进行了qRT-PCR关联分析。Foc4和ΔFoc4carS突变体分别接种于PDA培养基上,在光照、黑暗以及光暗交替培养3种条件下,培养5 d后观察平板菌落表型,同时对carScarRAcarB基因的表达情况进行评估(图4)。结果显示,野生型Foc4在光照条件下出现淡橙色,而暗培养和光暗交替培养的平板颜色差异不大;ΔFoc4carS突变体在光照条件下出现深橙色菌落颜色,光暗交替条件下为橙色,而暗培养条件下的菌落颜色为淡粉色,颜色依次变淡(图4A);而Foc4中的carS基因光照后诱导上调表达(图4B)。与此对应的是Foc4carRAFoc4carB基因表达量也是依照光、光暗、暗培养顺序依次下调表达(图4C),说明菌落颜色深浅与car基因的表达水平一致。因此,Foc4中类胡萝卜素的生物合成受到双重调控,光照正调控表达和carS的负调控表达。
为明确Foc4carS基因对香蕉枯萎病菌致病力的影响,采用盆栽伤根灌淋法对敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS、回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com和野生菌株Foc4进行了活体致病力测定。结果显示,空白对照清水组的巴西蕉苗生长旺盛,株高显著高于Foc4、敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS以及回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com。而敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS、回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com处理的巴西蕉苗发病情况与野生菌株Foc4处理的巴西蕉类似,植株下层叶陆续出现黄叶,植株矮化,严重发病植株出现死株,切开球茎观察,球茎出现典型的坏死斑,球茎褐化明显(图5A)。统计其发病病级,结果显示敲除突变体ΔFoc4carS、回补突变体ΔFoc4carS-Com与野生株Foc4的病情指数无显著差异(图5B)。结果表明,Foc4carS基因的缺失对Foc4的致病力并无影响,Foc4CarS基因仅参与次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的生物合成,并不参与调控病原菌的致病力。
构建靶向Foc4carS的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS图6A),采用同源重组修复(HDR)的方式进行后续的基因敲除。将编辑载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS -hph-Foc4carS质粒与pYF11-Foc4carS-HDR供体质粒混合后共转化香蕉枯萎病菌Foc4的原生质体(图6B),经过潮霉素抗性筛选和再生培养获得ΔFoc4carS(HDR)基因编辑转化子,在PDA平板上出现典型的深橙色菌落表型,与野生型Foc4的白色菌落对比明显,肉眼可辨别(图6C)。通过4对引物对基因编辑敲除转化子进行PCR检测,结果显示:Outside引物可以从野生菌株Foc4中扩增到2609 bp条带,而ΔFoc4carS(HDR)中扩增得到545 bp;Inside引物只能从Foc4中扩增到785 bp,而ΔFoc4carS(HDR)无扩增条带。此外,Cas9基因和sgRNA只能分别从ΔFoc4carS(HDR)中扩增获得1310 bp和506 bp(图6D)。结果表明,ΔFoc4carS(HDR)基因编辑转化子中的pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph-Foc4carS基因编辑载体成功插入基因组中,通过基因编辑方法成功将靶标基因Foc4carS敲除。
香蕉枯萎病菌Foc4中类胡萝卜素的生物合成受到光和Foc4carS的共同调控。Foc4中类胡萝卜素的生物合成受到Foc4carS的负调控表达。野生型Foc4菌落颜色是白色,而ΔFoc4carS突变体出现了橙色菌落,2个主要的car结构基因Foc4carRAFoc4carB无论是何种培养条件下,在Foc4carS突变体中的表达水平均高于野生型Foc4,因此,Foc4carS突变体是类胡萝卜素过表达突变体,与前期的镰刀菌属Fusarium的研究[5,9]结果一致,说明Foc4carS负调控car结构基因参与Foc4类胡萝卜素的生物合成。
Foc4carS以及car结构基因均受到光诱导上调表达。本研究中发现,基因Foc4carS以及Foc4carS负调控的car结构基因Foc4carRAFoc4carB均受到光照诱导上调表达,且野生型Foc4中Foc4carRAFoc4carB的表达量明显小于ΔFoc4carS突变体,推测可能是野生型Foc4含有的Foc4carS基因受光照诱导上调表达后抑制调控的car结构基因的表达,这说明了野生型Foc4中car结构基因表达量为什么低于ΔFoc4carS突变体,也部分解释了野生型Foc4光照条件下Foc4carS上调表达而菌落依然可以过量表达类胡萝卜素而出现淡粉色的问题。前期研究表明,ΔcarS突变体是不依赖光诱导形成类胡萝卜素,表型深橙色色素,积累大量的链孢霉黄素NX和类胡萝卜素前体物质[6-7]。本研究中的ΔFoc4carS突变体光照培养后,比暗培养和光/暗培养的ΔFoc4carS突变体的菌落颜色更浓且呈深橙色,而结构基因carRAcarB的上调表达幅度也比暗培养和光/暗交替培养的更大,说明ΔFoc4carS突变体光照后car基因上调表达,积累更多的链孢霉黄素从而使菌落颜色更深。因此,ΔFoc4carS突变体的类胡萝卜素生物合成也受到光诱导表达调控。
在水稻恶苗病菌(F. fujikuroi)的研究表明carS作为胡萝卜素生物形成的负调控因子,其调控作用本身也受到野生型菌株自身的调控,保证适当量的链孢霉黄素NX产生并受到光诱导调控[21]。本研究中,无论什么培养条件下,Foc4中均保持一定基础水平的类胡萝卜素含量,即使野生型Foc4在暗培养条件下,Foc4carRAFoc4carB结构基因仍然能够保持一定的表达量,使得Foc4维持一定水平的类胡萝卜素含量,保证一定的链孢霉黄素NX和类胡萝卜素前体物质,与前期的研究结果一致。
本研究鉴定的Foc4carS基因符合作为香蕉枯萎菌的内源报告基因:(1)Foc4carS基因为单一拷贝基因;(2)突变体表型容易分辨,ΔFoc4carS突变株菌落颜色呈深橙色,与野生株的白色菌落差异明显;(3)Foc4carS参与调控的表达产物能够定量测定,Foc4carS参与类胡萝卜素的生物合成,含量可以量化测定;(4)Foc4carS仅影响Foc4的次生代谢产物,对其致病力、菌落形态、分生孢子形态及产量等表型无影响。CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑可以对基因组不同功能基因定向编辑,通过剪除DNA片段来敲除某基因的功能,或通过向基因组中插入新的片段引入新的功能,是研究基因功能的重要技术手段之一[22]。Foc4构建的质粒型基因编辑方法实用性高、成本低、操作更加方便。前期报道稻瘟菌中稳定表达携带Cas9的质粒会严重影响稻瘟菌的转化效率,可能Cas9蛋白对稻瘟菌有毒性作用[23]。Foc4的试验结果与稻瘟菌的结果不一致,Cas9单独转化携带Cas9的空载体pUC-fFuCas9-HTBNLS-hph到Foc4后并不影响其致病力。前期曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)中的研究表明,供体质粒(donor plasmid)环状质粒HDR模板介导的重组效率高于线性DNA片段[24]。本研究在构建基因编辑的carS-HDR模板时,将Foc4carS基因上、下游大约1.2 kb的同源臂DNA片段进行融合PCR,导入pUC19载体后,多次试验仍然无法获取转化子,因此,将该融合片段导入pYF11酵母载体,获得pYF11-Foc4carS- HDR质粒作为供体质粒用于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑。
综上,Foc4carS基因在次生代谢产物类胡萝卜素的生物合成中发挥重要作用,可作为香蕉枯萎菌的内源报告基因。以Foc4carS为靶标基因建立香蕉枯萎菌Foc4的质粒型CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,为病原菌的功能基因组学提供有力的技术支撑。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC756)
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202308)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-31)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.001
  • 接收时间:2023-09-07
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-07
  • 修回日期:2023-10-08
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC756)
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202308)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-31)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572000
    3.琼台师范学院生物科学系,海南海口 571127

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* 张欣(ZHANG Xin),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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