Article(id=1276213453127811787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669564800000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-28, revisedDate=1670515200000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202598125, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202598125, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202598125, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202598125, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=772, endPage=782, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213453421413069, articleId=1276213453127811787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Paclobutrazol Treatment in Early Stage of Planting on the Development and Sucrose Metabolism of Storage Root in SweetPotato, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The yield and quality of sweetpotato root tubers can be significantly improved by applying paclobutrazol (PBZ), and sucrose-degrading enzymes play important roles in the development of storage roots of sweetpotato. However, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying PBZ-regulated storage root development is still unclear, and especially it remains to be investigated whether sucrose metabolism is involved in the PBZ-regulated development of storage roots. In this paper, sweetpotato cultivar Kokei 14 was used, a predominant cultivar planting in Hainan. After applying PBZ treatment in the early stage of cultivation (20-30 d after planting, dap), the following phenotypic parameters were investigated at 120 dap including the fresh weight of storage root per plant, fresh weight per storage root and storage root number per plant. To elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms relevant to sucrose metabolism underlying PBZ-regulated storage root development, the following physiological and molecular parameters were also examined in storage roots at different development stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 dap) including the content of starch and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), the activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes and expression levels of the gene families. PBZ increased the yield of sweetpotato by increasing the fresh weight per storage root, but without affecting storage root number per plant. PBZ increased the content of soluble sugar and starch in storage root. However, the effect of PBZ on the yield and quality of storage roots only occurred in the early stage (30-60 d after planting) after treatment, and in the late stage (90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on yield and quality. PBZ treatment significantly increased the activities of sucrose synthase (Sus), cell wall invertase (CWIN) and cytoplasmic invertase (CIN). However, PBZ had no significant effects on vacuolar invertase (VIN). As compared to CWIN and CIN, Sus activity was induced by PBZ treatment much earlier and more dramatic. Sus activity was significantly induced at 30 dap, whereas the activity of CWIN and CIN were significantly induced at late stage i.e. 60 dap. In other periods (especially 90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on the activities of Sus, CWIN and CIN. The determination of the expression level of Sus, CWIN and CIN genes showed that IbSus2, IbSus5-7 and IbSus9 highly expressed in storage tuber were all significantly induced by PBZ at 30 dap. IbCIN3, IbCIN7 and IbCIN8 expressed in storage roots, and IbCWIN2 and IbCWIN4 expressed in storage roots were significantly induced by PBZ at 60 dap. However, in other periods (especially 90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on the expression level of the relevant genes. It is speculated that the increase of Sus expression and activity under PBZ treatment is earlier and more dramatic, which can promote the rapid and biosynthesis and accumulation of starch and the rapid expansion of storage roots, while the subsequent increase of CWIN and CIN expression and activity can increase the content of soluble sugar in root tubers thus improving the quality of storage roots, and can also provide energy supply for starch biosynthesis and storage root expansion. The specific members of Sus, CWIN and CIN genes induced by PBZ had also been identified. Notably, the effects of PBZ on the yield and quality of storage roots, and activities and gene expression levels of sucros-degarding enzymes in storage roots mainly occurred in the short period after PBZ treatment. With the extension of time, the effects of PBZ on the above indicators gradually disappeared. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of sweetpotato in production, it is necessary to conduct PBZ treatment throughout the entire growth period of sweetpotato. The above results can provide a theoretical basis for achieving high-quality and high-yield sweetpotato production by variety breeding or cultivation measures.

, authors=null, authorsList=Tian ZHAO, Shuli XIN, Zherui HUANG, Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213456172876507, articleId=1276213453127811787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=定植早期多效唑处理对甘薯块根发育及其蔗糖代谢的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

施用多效唑(PBZ)可显著提高甘薯块根产量并改善其品质,同时蔗糖分解酶在甘薯块根发育中发挥着重要的调控作用。但目前尚不清楚PBZ调控甘薯块根发育的生理生化机制,更不清楚蔗糖代谢在其中发挥的具体作用。本研究以海南鲜食甘薯主栽品种高系14为材料,研究栽培早期(定植后20~30 d)喷施PBZ对其块根产量、单薯鲜重和单株结薯数,以及不同发育阶段(定植后30、60、90、120 d)块根中的淀粉和可溶性糖(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)含量、蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因家族成员表达水平的影响,以明确PBZ调控甘薯块根发育的蔗糖代谢相关生理生化机制。结果表明:(1)PBZ可通过提高块根单薯鲜重而不是单株结薯数来增加甘薯产量,同时还可以增加块根中的可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,改善块根品质;但PBZ的增产和改善品质的效果仅发生在处理后的定植早期(定植后30~60 d),在定植后期(定植后90~120 d),PBZ处理对产量和品质无显著影响。(2)PBZ处理显著增加块根的蔗糖合成酶(Sus)、细胞壁转化酶(CWIN)和细胞质转化酶(CIN)活性,但对液泡转化酶(VIN)活性无显著影响。与CWIN和CIN相比,Sus活性上升的时间更早、幅度更大,即PBZ处理下Sus的活性在定植后30 d即显著上升,而CWIN和CIN的活性在定植后60 d才显著上升;在其他时期(特别是定植后期),PBZ处理对Sus、CWIN和CIN活性均无显著影响。(3)对Sus、CWIN和CIN基因表达量的测定表明,在块根中表达的5个Sus基因(IbSus2IbSus5~7和IbSus9)的表达量在块根发育早期(定植后30 d)均受到PBZ的显著诱导。此外,在块根中表达的7个CIN基因中有3个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN7IbCIN8)、在块根中表达的3个CWIN基因中有2个(IbCWIN2IbCWIN4)基因的表达水平在定植后60 d受到显著诱导。但在其他时期(特别是定植后期),PBZ处理对相关基因家族成员表达水平均无显著影响。结合前人的研究结果,推测PBZ处理下Sus表达和活性增加的时间更早、幅度更大,可以促进淀粉的快速积累和块根的快速膨大,而随后CWIN和CIN表达和活性的上升则可增加块根中的可溶性糖含量,改善甘薯品质,同时为淀粉的合成和块根的膨大提供一定的能量供应。本研究还鉴定出上述3种蔗糖分解酶基因家族中受PBZ诱导表达的特定成员。PBZ对甘薯块根产量、品质、蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因表达水平的影响主要发生在PBZ处理后的短时期内,随着时间的延长,PBZ对上述指标的影响逐渐消失。因此,生产上为了提高甘薯产量,有必要在全生育期进行PBZ处理。上述研究结果可为下一步通过品种选育和栽培措施等手段实现优质、高产甘薯生产提供理论依据。

, authors=

赵添(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和品质。

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* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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赵添(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和品质。

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赵添(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和品质。

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Molecular Plant, 2010, 3: 942-955, articleTitle=Sugar input, metabolism and signaling mediated by invertase: roles in development, yield potential and response to drought and heat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466539901616314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=78, issue=null, pageStart=686, pageEnd=696, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=38, authorNames=WANG L, COOK A, PATRICK J W, CHEN X Y, RUAN Y L, journalName=The Plant Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, COOK A, PATRICK J W, CHEN X Y, RUAN Y L. Silencing the vacuolar invertase gene GhVIN1 blocks cotton fiber initiation from the ovule epidermis, probably by suppressing a cohort of regulatory genes via sugar signaling[J]. 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* indicate significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.05), ** indicate extremely significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=SGiGfyaoexOPWu2XEWfqVw==, figureFileBig=0/05xTXMEVvMK+Sg/a36gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535300464774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PBZ处理植株和对照植株表型差异

*表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=SGiGfyaoexOPWu2XEWfqVw==, figureFileBig=0/05xTXMEVvMK+Sg/a36gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535438876807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dynamic changes of soluble sugar and starch content in storage roots of paclobutrazol treatment group and control group

* indicate significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.05), ** indicate extremely significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=nzyv1TCwUUWVV60T3PyEoA==, figureFileBig=zs/Z6ImECoLNOsWxUHh1zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535518568584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PBZ处理组和对照组块根中可溶性糖和淀粉含量动态变化

*表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=nzyv1TCwUUWVV60T3PyEoA==, figureFileBig=zs/Z6ImECoLNOsWxUHh1zQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535589871753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Dynamic changes in activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes in storage roots of paclobutrazol-treated group and control group

* indicate significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.05), ** indicate extremely significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=Lkt6Ja2xMAkkPcTtEQakLw==, figureFileBig=+ewzt6DNoSxMroYRMDxvag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535686340746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PBZ处理组和对照组块根中蔗糖分解酶活性动态变化

*表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=Lkt6Ja2xMAkkPcTtEQakLw==, figureFileBig=+ewzt6DNoSxMroYRMDxvag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535749255307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Differences in expression levels of CWIN and CIN genes in storage roots between paclobutrazol treated group and control group

* indicate significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.05), ** indicate extremely significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=67TzCmCrQZEdbiM/8xc/iw==, figureFileBig=zwa5TwDzbVy4ZJO9G/w0lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466535870890124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PBZ处理组和对照组在CWIN和CIN基因表达水平差异

*表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=67TzCmCrQZEdbiM/8xc/iw==, figureFileBig=zwa5TwDzbVy4ZJO9G/w0lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466536135131277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Differences in expression levels of Sus genes in storage roots between paclobutrazol treated group and control group

* indicate significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.05), ** indicate extremely significant difference between paclobutrazol treatment and control (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=FOqU7feGVZDBkgU/+Nlmfg==, figureFileBig=vfrU9gBfTYWMvuQ98Hms9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466536223211662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PBZ处理组和对照组块根在蔗糖合成酶(Sus)基因表达水平差异

*表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示PBZ处理和对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=FOqU7feGVZDBkgU/+Nlmfg==, figureFileBig=vfrU9gBfTYWMvuQ98Hms9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466536294514831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Sequence information of sucrose-degrading enzymes genes and primer information for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name登录号Accession No.正向引物(5ʹ–3ʹ)Forward primer (5ʹ–3ʹ)反向引物(5ʹ–3ʹ)Reverse primer (5ʹ–3ʹ)扩增产物Amplicon product/bp
IbCWIN1g25102.t1TACCCGAAGGACTACAACGACCAACATTCTCCCCAATAACCGAA264
IbCWIN2g55209.t1TTTCTATCCCGTTTCTGCTGGGGTCGTACGTTCCGATTGTGT131
IbCWIN4g60985.t1ATGGCTGTTGGTCGGGTTCTTCTCCTGGGCTGGACTCATC183
IbCIN3g8522.t1GGAGAATCGTGACTGGCTGTGCTTCCGAGTTTCCCGTCATAG199
IbCIN4g13714.t1ACTGAGTGAAATGTCCGTTGGGAGTTGCGGGTGGAAGAAA108
IbCIN7g23246.t1TCTCTGAATAGGGAGGAGGGGACCAACTGGGCTGTCACAATACC140
IbCIN8g25759.t1GAATGGATGCCGAATAAAGGACCGTGGCAAGACTGCTGACTA115
IbCIN9g34021.t1CGTCCTTAGCAACTCCTGAACCACCCTGTTACAATACGCCAC139
IbCIN10g41626.t1CTCACATGGATTTTCGGTTTTTCCCAGTTATTATTCGCCAGTCTTC187
IbCIN11g41717.t1AGCACGACGAAGAAAGTAGGGTCGAGTTGGCATGAAATCAAA215
IbSus2g5497.t1CATACCTCTTTCACCTTGCCAGTCAGTGTACCGATGTGCTCATC208
IbSus5g31210.t1TTATCATCACCAGCACTTTCCAGTCAGCCTCTTCTCCTTCTCAG202
IbSus6g55056.t1ATGTTGTCATTCTTTCCCCCCCGCTTAATCATCTCACGCTCC127
IbSus7g55074.t1GTTCACCAATACAAGGGCAAGGGGTTGGAGGGTCGTTAGATA111
IbSus9g60893.t1ATAGCCTCCGTGAGCGTCTTATCCCCGAGTTTTTCCTTGT164
), ArticleFig(id=1276466536382595216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213453127811787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蔗糖分解酶基因序列信息和qRT-PCR测定所用引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name登录号Accession No.正向引物(5ʹ–3ʹ)Forward primer (5ʹ–3ʹ)反向引物(5ʹ–3ʹ)Reverse primer (5ʹ–3ʹ)扩增产物Amplicon product/bp
IbCWIN1g25102.t1TACCCGAAGGACTACAACGACCAACATTCTCCCCAATAACCGAA264
IbCWIN2g55209.t1TTTCTATCCCGTTTCTGCTGGGGTCGTACGTTCCGATTGTGT131
IbCWIN4g60985.t1ATGGCTGTTGGTCGGGTTCTTCTCCTGGGCTGGACTCATC183
IbCIN3g8522.t1GGAGAATCGTGACTGGCTGTGCTTCCGAGTTTCCCGTCATAG199
IbCIN4g13714.t1ACTGAGTGAAATGTCCGTTGGGAGTTGCGGGTGGAAGAAA108
IbCIN7g23246.t1TCTCTGAATAGGGAGGAGGGGACCAACTGGGCTGTCACAATACC140
IbCIN8g25759.t1GAATGGATGCCGAATAAAGGACCGTGGCAAGACTGCTGACTA115
IbCIN9g34021.t1CGTCCTTAGCAACTCCTGAACCACCCTGTTACAATACGCCAC139
IbCIN10g41626.t1CTCACATGGATTTTCGGTTTTTCCCAGTTATTATTCGCCAGTCTTC187
IbCIN11g41717.t1AGCACGACGAAGAAAGTAGGGTCGAGTTGGCATGAAATCAAA215
IbSus2g5497.t1CATACCTCTTTCACCTTGCCAGTCAGTGTACCGATGTGCTCATC208
IbSus5g31210.t1TTATCATCACCAGCACTTTCCAGTCAGCCTCTTCTCCTTCTCAG202
IbSus6g55056.t1ATGTTGTCATTCTTTCCCCCCCGCTTAATCATCTCACGCTCC127
IbSus7g55074.t1GTTCACCAATACAAGGGCAAGGGGTTGGAGGGTCGTTAGATA111
IbSus9g60893.t1ATAGCCTCCGTGAGCGTCTTATCCCCGAGTTTTTCCTTGT164
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定植早期多效唑处理对甘薯块根发育及其蔗糖代谢的影响
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赵添 1, 3 , 辛曙丽 2 , 黄哲瑞 1, 3 , 刘永华 1, 3, * , 朱国鹏 1, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(4): 772-782
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (4) : 772 -782
定植早期多效唑处理对甘薯块根发育及其蔗糖代谢的影响
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赵添1, 3, 辛曙丽2, 黄哲瑞1, 3, 刘永华1, 3, * , 朱国鹏1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 2.保亭黎族苗族自治县农业服务中心,海南保亭 572316
  • 3.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572022
通讯作者:
* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
Effects of Paclobutrazol Treatment in Early Stage of Planting on the Development and Sucrose Metabolism of Storage Root in SweetPotato
Tian ZHAO1, 3, Shuli XIN2, Zherui HUANG1, 3, Yonghua LIU1, 3, * , Guopeng ZHU1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Horticulture, Hainan University / Hainan Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Plants, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Baoting Agricultural Service Center, Baoting, Hainan 572316, China
  • 3.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.013
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施用多效唑(PBZ)可显著提高甘薯块根产量并改善其品质,同时蔗糖分解酶在甘薯块根发育中发挥着重要的调控作用。但目前尚不清楚PBZ调控甘薯块根发育的生理生化机制,更不清楚蔗糖代谢在其中发挥的具体作用。本研究以海南鲜食甘薯主栽品种高系14为材料,研究栽培早期(定植后20~30 d)喷施PBZ对其块根产量、单薯鲜重和单株结薯数,以及不同发育阶段(定植后30、60、90、120 d)块根中的淀粉和可溶性糖(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)含量、蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因家族成员表达水平的影响,以明确PBZ调控甘薯块根发育的蔗糖代谢相关生理生化机制。结果表明:(1)PBZ可通过提高块根单薯鲜重而不是单株结薯数来增加甘薯产量,同时还可以增加块根中的可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,改善块根品质;但PBZ的增产和改善品质的效果仅发生在处理后的定植早期(定植后30~60 d),在定植后期(定植后90~120 d),PBZ处理对产量和品质无显著影响。(2)PBZ处理显著增加块根的蔗糖合成酶(Sus)、细胞壁转化酶(CWIN)和细胞质转化酶(CIN)活性,但对液泡转化酶(VIN)活性无显著影响。与CWIN和CIN相比,Sus活性上升的时间更早、幅度更大,即PBZ处理下Sus的活性在定植后30 d即显著上升,而CWIN和CIN的活性在定植后60 d才显著上升;在其他时期(特别是定植后期),PBZ处理对Sus、CWIN和CIN活性均无显著影响。(3)对Sus、CWIN和CIN基因表达量的测定表明,在块根中表达的5个Sus基因(IbSus2IbSus5~7和IbSus9)的表达量在块根发育早期(定植后30 d)均受到PBZ的显著诱导。此外,在块根中表达的7个CIN基因中有3个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN7IbCIN8)、在块根中表达的3个CWIN基因中有2个(IbCWIN2IbCWIN4)基因的表达水平在定植后60 d受到显著诱导。但在其他时期(特别是定植后期),PBZ处理对相关基因家族成员表达水平均无显著影响。结合前人的研究结果,推测PBZ处理下Sus表达和活性增加的时间更早、幅度更大,可以促进淀粉的快速积累和块根的快速膨大,而随后CWIN和CIN表达和活性的上升则可增加块根中的可溶性糖含量,改善甘薯品质,同时为淀粉的合成和块根的膨大提供一定的能量供应。本研究还鉴定出上述3种蔗糖分解酶基因家族中受PBZ诱导表达的特定成员。PBZ对甘薯块根产量、品质、蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因表达水平的影响主要发生在PBZ处理后的短时期内,随着时间的延长,PBZ对上述指标的影响逐渐消失。因此,生产上为了提高甘薯产量,有必要在全生育期进行PBZ处理。上述研究结果可为下一步通过品种选育和栽培措施等手段实现优质、高产甘薯生产提供理论依据。

甘薯  /  多效唑  /  蔗糖代谢  /  蔗糖分解酶  /  块根发育

The yield and quality of sweetpotato root tubers can be significantly improved by applying paclobutrazol (PBZ), and sucrose-degrading enzymes play important roles in the development of storage roots of sweetpotato. However, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying PBZ-regulated storage root development is still unclear, and especially it remains to be investigated whether sucrose metabolism is involved in the PBZ-regulated development of storage roots. In this paper, sweetpotato cultivar Kokei 14 was used, a predominant cultivar planting in Hainan. After applying PBZ treatment in the early stage of cultivation (20-30 d after planting, dap), the following phenotypic parameters were investigated at 120 dap including the fresh weight of storage root per plant, fresh weight per storage root and storage root number per plant. To elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms relevant to sucrose metabolism underlying PBZ-regulated storage root development, the following physiological and molecular parameters were also examined in storage roots at different development stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 dap) including the content of starch and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), the activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes and expression levels of the gene families. PBZ increased the yield of sweetpotato by increasing the fresh weight per storage root, but without affecting storage root number per plant. PBZ increased the content of soluble sugar and starch in storage root. However, the effect of PBZ on the yield and quality of storage roots only occurred in the early stage (30-60 d after planting) after treatment, and in the late stage (90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on yield and quality. PBZ treatment significantly increased the activities of sucrose synthase (Sus), cell wall invertase (CWIN) and cytoplasmic invertase (CIN). However, PBZ had no significant effects on vacuolar invertase (VIN). As compared to CWIN and CIN, Sus activity was induced by PBZ treatment much earlier and more dramatic. Sus activity was significantly induced at 30 dap, whereas the activity of CWIN and CIN were significantly induced at late stage i.e. 60 dap. In other periods (especially 90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on the activities of Sus, CWIN and CIN. The determination of the expression level of Sus, CWIN and CIN genes showed that IbSus2, IbSus5-7 and IbSus9 highly expressed in storage tuber were all significantly induced by PBZ at 30 dap. IbCIN3, IbCIN7 and IbCIN8 expressed in storage roots, and IbCWIN2 and IbCWIN4 expressed in storage roots were significantly induced by PBZ at 60 dap. However, in other periods (especially 90-120 d), PBZ treatment had no significant effect on the expression level of the relevant genes. It is speculated that the increase of Sus expression and activity under PBZ treatment is earlier and more dramatic, which can promote the rapid and biosynthesis and accumulation of starch and the rapid expansion of storage roots, while the subsequent increase of CWIN and CIN expression and activity can increase the content of soluble sugar in root tubers thus improving the quality of storage roots, and can also provide energy supply for starch biosynthesis and storage root expansion. The specific members of Sus, CWIN and CIN genes induced by PBZ had also been identified. Notably, the effects of PBZ on the yield and quality of storage roots, and activities and gene expression levels of sucros-degarding enzymes in storage roots mainly occurred in the short period after PBZ treatment. With the extension of time, the effects of PBZ on the above indicators gradually disappeared. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of sweetpotato in production, it is necessary to conduct PBZ treatment throughout the entire growth period of sweetpotato. The above results can provide a theoretical basis for achieving high-quality and high-yield sweetpotato production by variety breeding or cultivation measures.

sweetpotato  /  paclobutrazol  /  sucrose metabolism  /  sucrose-degrading enzyme  /  storage root development
赵添, 辛曙丽, 黄哲瑞, 刘永华, 朱国鹏. 定植早期多效唑处理对甘薯块根发育及其蔗糖代谢的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 772 -782 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.013
Tian ZHAO, Shuli XIN, Zherui HUANG, Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU. Effects of Paclobutrazol Treatment in Early Stage of Planting on the Development and Sucrose Metabolism of Storage Root in SweetPotato[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 772 -782 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.013
甘薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.]属旋花科一年生或多年生草本植物,其块根富含淀粉、可溶性糖、膳食纤维、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质以及多酚、多糖、花青素等活性成分,是我国重要的粮食、经济、工业原料作物[1-2]。据联合国粮农组织(FAO)最新数据显示,2020年我国甘薯种植面积为225万hm2,约占全世界种植面积的30.27%,总产量为4920万t,约占全世界总产量的54.97%,稳居世界首位[3]。虽然我国甘薯种植面积和总产量极大,但平均单产较前20年的数据相比,并未进一步提升,一直徘徊在22 t/hm2左右,和发达国家相比仍有一定差距[3]。同时,甘薯品质相较发达国家也有待提升,特别是我国甘薯的淀粉和干物质含量均相对较低[4]
多效唑(paclobutrazol,PBZ)作为具有生长调节作用的三氮唑类化合物之一,在农业上广泛应用[5]。对块根/块茎类作物施加PBZ,可抑制茎叶的生长,增加其根冠比,促进光合同化产物向作物产品器官的分配,从而增加产量,如火葱的鳞茎[6]、马铃薯的块茎[7-8]、胡萝卜的直根等[9]。此外,PBZ还可促进叶绿体分化,促进叶绿素的生物合成,防止叶绿素降解,从而提高光合速率,达到增产的效果[10-11]。甘薯生产上常发生因茎叶徒长而导致产量下降的现象,而喷施PBZ也可有效抑制茎叶徒长,从而增加块根产量[11-12]。除了增加产量外,施用PBZ还可以提高甘薯块根的品质。如PBZ处理可将甘薯块根的淀粉含量提高42%[13];此外,PBZ处理还会提高块根中的蛋白质含量和淀粉的崩解值,有利于改善甘薯的食味[11]
甘薯产量的形成主要受到单株结薯数和单薯重的影响。研究表明,PBZ处理可显著提高单薯重和结薯数2种指标中的一种或2种来增加甘薯产量。例如,在正常栽培条件下,封垄期进行PBZ处理可通过增加单薯重来提高甘薯品种北京553块根产量,但对单株结薯数无显著影响[13]。同样在品种北京553上,封垄期(定植后46 d)的高浓度PBZ处理虽然显著提高了甘薯结薯数,但却导致单薯重出现轻微下降[14]。此外,定植后50 d的PBZ处理不但提高济薯25的单薯重,而且还显著增加其结薯数[15]。目前有关PBZ提升块根/块茎类作物产量和品质的研究主要集中在马铃薯上,对甘薯的研究相对较少,尚不清楚PBZ影响单薯重、结薯数以及淀粉含量的生理生化机制。
植物光合产生的蔗糖不仅是合成淀粉的原料,其分解产生的己糖还可作为糖信号调控各种新陈代谢过程和植物器官(包括块根/块茎)的生长发育[16]。在蔗糖代谢过程中,蔗糖分解酶扮演着重要角色,当蔗糖从叶片运输到库器官(如种子、果实和块根/块茎)后,首先被蔗糖分解酶分解为己糖或己糖衍生物,然后再用于淀粉的合成和其他各种生物代谢过程[16]。在植物体内蔗糖分解酶共有两大类,分别为蔗糖合成酶(sucrose synthase,Sus)和转化酶(invertase,INV)。根据INV的亚细胞定位,可将转化酶分为细胞壁转化酶(cell wall invertase,CWIN)、液泡转化酶(vacuolar invertase,VIN)和细胞质转化酶(cytoplasmic invertase,CIN)[17]
蔗糖分解酶在植物块根/块茎的发育中发挥着不可或缺的重要作用。例如,利用反义RNA技术分别下调胡萝卜中CWINVINSus基因的表达均会导致胡萝卜肉质根的生长发育受到显著抑制[18-19]。在马铃薯中下调Sus基因表达则导致块茎数量减少,同时淀粉含量也下降[20-21]。因此,推测蔗糖代谢在甘薯产量和品质形成中也发挥着重要的调控作用,而PBZ可能通过调控蔗糖分解酶的活性来影响甘薯块根的生长发育和产量形成。
本研究以海南鲜食甘薯主栽品种高系14为实验材料,在定植早期(定植后20~30 d)对其进行PBZ处理后测定块根产量、单薯鲜重、单株结薯数等指标,以明确PBZ处理对甘薯产量的影响。其次,测定PBZ处理对不同发育阶段(定植后30、60、90、120 d)块根中可溶性糖和淀粉含量、4种蔗糖分解酶活性的影响,同时测定PBZ处理对蔗糖分解酶基因家族成员表达水平的影响。上述研究可初步阐明PBZ调控甘薯块根发育的蔗糖代谢相关生理生化机制并确定其中的关键蔗糖分解酶基因,为甘薯高产、稳产甘薯新品种的选育提供理论依据。
本研究于2022年1—4月在海南大学实验基地大棚内进行,试验材料选取海南甘薯主要栽培品种高系14。在大棚内采用盆栽种植的方式,根据甘薯每个采样阶段设置处理组与对照组,处理组在甘薯定植后20 d和30 d,采用100 mg/L的PBZ进行叶面喷施处理,每个阶段每组设置4个生物学重复。定植前将土壤与有机肥按3∶1混匀,再按每盆0.8 g的量加入史丹利复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)混匀后,分装至每个直径约30 cm的花盆。定植时打孔深度约15 cm,用75%的酒精消毒后的剪刀剪取约20 cm长,顶端含有茎尖的甘薯茎段进行盆栽扦插,茎段切口为平切口。取样时期为定植后30、60、90、120 d,对甘薯块根进行取样。每个样品的取样重量为0.2 g,于液氮中速冻后置于–80 ℃超低温冰箱中保存备用。
参照LUNN等[22]的酶学方法测定甘薯块根中葡萄糖、果糖及蔗糖含量;参照SMITH等[23]的酶学方法测定甘薯块根中的淀粉含量;采用分光光度计法,具体参照TOMLINSON等[24]的方法测定甘薯块根中转化酶和蔗糖合成酶活性。
根据试剂盒的方法,使用总RNA提取试剂盒[康为世纪OmniPlant RNA Kit(Dnase I)全能型植物RNA提取试剂盒]从处理组与对照组4个生长阶段的块根中提取总RNA,接着使用超微量分光光度计测定总RNA的浓度与质量,并通过凝胶电泳检查总RNA的完整性;然后采用高质量的总RNA作为模板,使用诺唯赞HiScript III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit逆转录试剂盒合成cDNA;最后使用前人已发表以及近期本课题组筛选和设计的20个关键蔗糖分解酶基因和5个SWEET基因的特异引物用于qRT-PCR测定(表1),使用诺唯赞ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒,在德国耶拿qTOWER3G定量PCR仪上进行基因表达水平的测定。qRT-PCR反应程序如下:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环。采用法对qRTPCR的测定结果进行计算,以甘薯块根内ACTIN基因为内参基因。
利用Excel 2020软件作图,使用SPSS 26.0软件的t-test功能进行差异显著性分析。
叶面喷施PBZ导致高系14的地上部(茎叶)鲜重呈现出低于对照的趋势,特别是在定植后60 d时,PBZ处理显著降低了高系14的地上部鲜重(图1A)。在地下部薯块鲜重方面,PBZ处理的单株薯块鲜重在定植后30、60 d大于对照组,并在定植后60 d单株薯块鲜重显著大于对照,但PBZ处理并没有提高定植后90、120 d的薯块鲜重(图1B)。上述数据表明,定植早期的PBZ处理(定植后20、30 d喷施)会在短时间内(定植后60 d)抑制甘薯地上部生长,提高甘薯地下部薯块的产量,但随着时间的延长,PBZ的效果逐渐消失。
为进一步分析PBZ处理导致薯块产量增加的具体原因,对单薯鲜重和单株结薯数进行测定。结果表明,PBZ处理显著提高定植后60 d的单薯鲜重,但在其他3个时期,PBZ处理和对照之间均无显著差异(图1C)。此外,PBZ处理对单株结薯数无显著影响(图1D)。上述数据表明,PBZ处理对甘薯块根的增产效果主要是通过增加单薯鲜重来实现。
为进一步研究PBZ处理对甘薯品质的影响,对定植后30、60、90、120 d甘薯块根中可溶性糖(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖)和淀粉含量的动态变化进行测定。结果表明,PBZ处理可提高块根中的葡萄糖和果糖含量(图2A图2B),特别是PBZ处理组的葡萄糖含量在定植后60 d显著高于对照组,在定植后90 d极显著高于对照组;此外,PBZ处理组的果糖含量在定植后60 d极显著高于对照组。PBZ处理块根中蔗糖含量在定植后30 d显著高于对照,而在其他3个时期则均无显著差异(图2C)。
对淀粉含量的测定表明,块根中的淀粉含量在定植后30~60 d均迅速增加,在发育后期(定植后90~120 d)淀粉含量呈现略微下降趋势(图2D)。与可溶性糖含量类似,PBZ处理块根中淀粉含量在4个时期均高于对照组块根,并且在定植后60 d显著高于对照组。总体来看,PBZ处理可在短时间内(定植后30~60 d)显著提高块根中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量,但随着时间的延长,PBZ处理的效应逐渐消失。
可溶性糖含量测定表明,与对照相比,PBZ处理提高了块根中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量,且在处理后的短时期内表现为显著增加,推测这可能是由于PBZ处理对蔗糖分解酶活性的影响而导致的。对甘薯块根中蔗糖合成酶和3种蔗糖转化酶活性的测定表明,块根中Sus的活性要远高于3种转化酶中的任何一种,且PBZ确实影响了蔗糖分解酶的活性(图3)。具体来看,PBZ处理导致块根中的CWIN活性上升,特别是在定植后60 d,PBZ处理块根中的CWIN活性显著高于对照组块根;而在其他3个时期,处理组的CWIN活性虽然高于对照组,但差异不显著(图3A)。PBZ处理组的CIN活性总体呈现出高于对照组的趋势,且在定植后60 d显著高于对照组,在其余3个时期无显著差异(图3B)。
此外,与CWIN和CIN不同,PBZ处理组对VIN活性的影响无明显规律,且PBZ处理组和对照组的VIN活性在4个时期均无显著差异(图3C)。PBZ处理组的Sus活性在4个时期均高于对照组(图3D),且在定植后30 d极显著高于对照组;而在其余3个时期,处理组和对照组之间均无显著差异。综上所述,PBZ处理总体上呈现出提高块根中CWIN、CIN和Sus活性的作用,特别是在处理后的短时间内(定植后30~ 60 d)可显著提高CWIN、CIN和Sus的活性;但是,PBZ处理在4个时期内对VIN活性均无显著影响。
在受到PBZ诱导的3种蔗糖分解酶中,Sus受到PBZ诱导的时间(定植后30 d)要早于CWIN和CIN活性受到诱导的时间(定植后60 d),而且Sus活性受PBZ诱导的幅度要远高于CWIN和CIN活性受诱导的幅度。此外,PBZ处理组和对照组的3种转化酶活性在4个时期的动态变化趋势一致,即PBZ处理并未对3种转化酶活性随块根发育的动态变化规律产生影响。然而,PBZ处理对Sus活性随块根发育的动态变化规律产生了显著的影响,对照组的Sus活性呈先上升后下降的趋势(图3D),而PBZ处理组的Sus活性始终呈现不断下降的趋势。上述Sus与CWIN/CIN之间的差异表明Sus可能在PBZ调控甘薯块根发育中发挥着更为重要的作用。
上述蔗糖分解酶活性的测定表明,PBZ处理可通过提高块根中蔗糖分解酶(CWIN、CIN和Sus)的活性来增加块根中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量,因为高活性的蔗糖分解酶可增加块根的库强,加快蔗糖由光合叶片向块根的转运并合成淀粉进行储藏。近期张文杰[25]从甘薯基因组中共鉴定出12个CIN基因和9个Sus基因,其中7个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN4IbCIN7~11)和5个Sus基因(IbSus2IbSus5~7和IbSus9)在块根中高表达。此外,我们从甘薯基因组进一步鉴定出4个CWIN基因(表1)。利用已发表的CIN和Sus的引物以及自己设计CWIN引物,我们研究了PBZ处理对上述在块根中高表达的CIN、Sus和CWIN基因家族成员表达水平的影响,以明确PBZ是通过调控哪些特定基因家族成员来实现对甘薯块根中糖分和淀粉含量的控制,从而最终影响到块根的膨大和发育。
测定结果表明,在4个CWIN基因中,只有3个CWIN基因(IbCWIN1IbCWIN2IbCWIN4)在块根中有表达(图4A~图4C)。块根中这3个CWIN基因的表达量均是在块根发育早期(定植后30 d)最高,随着块根的发育(60~120 d)快速下降(图4A~图4C)。PBZ处理显著提高IbCWIN1在30 d的表达量(图4A)。此外,PBZ处理还显著提高IbCWIN2在60 d以及IbCWIN4在60 d和90 d的表达量(图4B图4C)。7个在块根高表达的CIN基因中,PBZ处理只对其中3个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN7IbCIN8)表达量产生了显著影响(图4D~图4F),对其他4个CIN基因并无显著影响。具体来看,PBZ显著提高了IbCIN3IbCIN7IbCIN8在定植后60 d的表达量(图4D~图4F)。此外,PBZ还显著提高了IbCIN7在90 d的表达量(图4E)。
与CWIN和CIN类似,在块根中高表达的5个Sus基因的表达也均受到PBZ处理的诱导。特别是在定植后30 d,IbSus2IbSus5-7IbSus9的表达水平表现为PBZ处理组显著高于对照组,其中IbSus5、IbSus7、IbSus9表现为极显著差异(图5A~图5E)。此外,IbSus7的表达在定植后90 d也受到PBZ的显著诱导(图5D)。
前人的研究表明,PBZ处理效果存在着不确定性,其可通过提高单薯重和结薯数2种指标中的任何一种或同时提高2种指标来增加甘薯产量[13-15]。这种不确定性可能和PBZ处理的时间有关,目前已有的研究大多数PBZ处理时间发生在植株封垄以后,大约在定植后50 d左右[13-15]。此时,甘薯根系类型较多,除去不定根(adventitious roots)外,还有纤维根(fibrous roots)、柴根(pencil roots)和已膨大的块根(storage roots)[26-27],这可能导致不同品种和不同实验条件下植株的各种类型根系的比例不同,从而成为造成PBZ处理效果不稳定的重要原因。为了获得相对稳定的处理效果,将PBZ处理的时间提前到栽培早期(定植后20 d)。研究表明,定植后30 d左右是甘薯块根形成的最初时期和关键时期[26-27]。因此,在定植后20 d时,甘薯根系的类型较少,只有不定根和纤维根2种类型,此时进行处理可以确保PBZ效果的稳定性。
本研究测定结果表明,定植后20 d和30 d时的PBZ处理显著抑制了定植后60 d的地上部鲜重,同时提高了定植后60 d的单株薯块鲜重,表明PBZ处理可抑制茎叶的生长而促进块根的生长,这和前人的研究结果相似[11-12]。进一步测定表明,PBZ处理显著增加了60 d的单薯鲜重,但对定植后60 d的单株结薯数无显著影响。这表明定植早期的PBZ处理是通过提高单薯鲜重来增加产量。PBZ处理仅仅显著影响了定植后60 d的地上部鲜重、单株薯块鲜重和单薯鲜重,对其他3个时期均无显著影响。这可能是由于PBZ处理初期(定植后30 d)PBZ对块根的影响还没有开始显现,而处理后期(定植后90~120 d)PBZ的增产效应又逐渐消失,只有在处理中期(定植后60 d)时的效果最为明显。
对块根中可溶性糖和淀粉含量的测定表明,PBZ处理总体呈现出提高块根中可溶性糖和淀粉含量的趋势。PBZ处理显著增加了块根中在定植后30 d的蔗糖含量,显著增加了定植后60 d的葡萄糖、果糖和淀粉含量,此外,定植后90 d的葡萄糖含量也受到PBZ处理的提高。因此,蔗糖含量最先受到PBZ处理的诱导,其他3种糖分含量随后出现显著上升。但是,PBZ处理对淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响主要发生在处理后的短时期内(特别是定植后60 d),在定植后期(定植后90~120 d)PBZ的处理效果消失。
块根中糖含量的上升可能由2个方面原因造成:一方面是因为地上部茎叶生长受到抑制,从而促进叶片中积累的高浓度蔗糖向块根运输;另一方面是由于块根中分解利用蔗糖的活性增强即“库强”增加,这会导致块根中的蔗糖浓度下降,进一步促进蔗糖由叶片向块根沿浓度梯度的运输。通过对地上部鲜重的测定已经证明了前一种因素的作用,对蔗糖分解酶活性的测定证明第二种因素也发挥一定的作用,即PBZ处理显著诱导了块根中的蔗糖分解酶活性。已有的研究表明,CIN和Sus是调控甘薯块根早期发育的关键蔗糖分解酶[25],而PBZ处理对这2种酶活性都产生了显著的诱导作用。此外,CWIN的活性也受到PBZ诱导。
Sus受到PBZ诱导的时间(定植后30 d)要早于CWIN和CIN活性受到诱导的时间(定植后60 d),且Sus活性受PBZ诱导的幅度要远高于CWIN和CIN活性受诱导的幅度。Sus与CWIN/IN在这2个方面的差异表明Sus可能在PBZ调控甘薯块根发育中发挥着更为重要的作用。研究表明,INV和Sus分别在植物器官发育的不同时期发挥着不同的功能。通常INV活性在器官发育早期较高,主要和细胞分裂和器官的形成相关,而Sus活性在器官发育后期较高,主要和淀粉、纤维素的合成以及细胞和器官的膨大相关[28-31]。因此,INV对植物生长发育的影响要大于Sus,前者可以影响库器官的数量,而后者则主要影响库器官的大小。例如,VIN在棉花上的突变导致产生完全无纤维的棉花种子[30],而Sus突变则主要抑制棉花种子上纤维的伸长生长而对纤维数量影响不大[31]。在胡萝卜上,VIN和CWIN的突变导致肉质根的膨大完全受到抑制,而Sus的突变只是导致肉质根变小,并不影响其数量[18-19]。本研究结果表明,PBZ处理改变了Sus活性随块根发育的动态变化规律,且PBZ处理导致块根Sus活性在定植后30 d极显著上升,增加幅度高达500%,这极大地促进块根中淀粉的积累和块根的膨大。虽然PBZ在定植后60 d的CWIN和CIN活性也显著上升,但上升幅度相对较小,最终表现为Sus活性远高于CWIN和CIN活性的总和。因此,推测较早受到PBZ诱导且活性较高的Sus可能会导致块根中的蔗糖主要被Sus分解,从而用于淀粉的合成和块根的膨大,这会导致经过CWIN和CIN分解的蔗糖的量不足,最终抑制新块根的形成。
虽然CWIN和CIN没有对结薯数产生影响,但其可能对甘薯的品质产生一定的影响。和INV分解蔗糖产生葡萄糖和果糖不同,Sus分解蔗糖产生的是UDP-葡萄糖和果糖,但不产生游离的葡萄糖。因此,PBZ处理下块根中游离葡萄糖含量的升高很可能是由于CWIN和CIN活性上升导致。此外,CWIN和CIN产生的葡萄糖和果糖还可以通过呼吸途径为淀粉的合成和块根的生长提供能量供应。因此,PBZ处理下,Sus、CWIN和CIN三者共同作用的最终结果为PBZ处理显著增加了单薯鲜重和块根中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量,但对单株薯块数量无显著影响。
甘薯基因组中共有9个Sus基因,其中5个Sus基因(IbSus2IbSus5-7和IbSus9)在块根中高表达[25]。这5个Sus基因的表达量在定植后30 d均受到PBZ处理的诱导,其中IbSus5、IbSus7、IbSus9表现为极显著差异,而IbSus2IbSus6受到显著诱导。这可以很好地解释定植后30 d甘薯块根中Sus活性受到PBZ诱导的现象。
此外,甘薯基因组中共鉴定出12个CIN基因,其中7个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN4IbCIN7-11)在块根中高表达[25]。这7个CIN基因中,PBZ处理只对其中3个CIN基因(IbCIN3IbCIN7IbCIN8)表达产生诱导作用,且诱导主要发生在定植后60 d,这和CIN活性的诱导主要发生在60 d相一致。从甘薯基因组中共鉴定出4个CWIN基因中,其中只有3个CWIN基因(IbCWIN1IbCWIN2IbCWIN4)在块根中有表达。和CWIN活性在定植后60 d受到PBZ诱导相对应,IbCWIN2IbCWIN4表达量在定植后60 d受到显著诱导。和甘薯产量指标以及淀粉和可溶性糖含量指标类似,PBZ对蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因表达水平的影响也主要发生在PBZ处理后的短时期内(定植后30~60 d),而在定植后期(90~120 d)PBZ的处理效果消失。
综上所述,PBZ处理下Sus表达和活性增加的时间更早、幅度更大,这可以促进淀粉的快速积累和块根的快速膨大。而随后CWIN、CIN表达和活性的上升则可为淀粉的合成和块根的膨大提供能量供应,同时增加块根中的可溶性糖含量,改善甘薯品质。本研究还鉴定出上述3种蔗糖分解酶基因家族中受到PBZ诱导表达的特定成员。PBZ对甘薯块根产量、品质、蔗糖分解酶活性及其基因表达水平的影响主要发生在PBZ处理后的短时期内(即定植早期);随着PBZ处理时间的延长也就是在定植后期PBZ对上述指标的影响逐渐消失。因此,生产上为了提高甘薯产量,有必要在全生育期进行PBZ处理。上述研究结果可为下一步通过品种选育和栽培等措施实现甘薯优质、高产提供理论依据。
  • 海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC146)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC476)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32260440)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.013
  • 接收时间:2022-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-28
  • 修回日期:2022-12-09
基金
海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC146)
海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC476)
国家自然科学基金项目(32260440)
作者信息
    1.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    2.保亭黎族苗族自治县农业服务中心,海南保亭 572316
    3.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572022

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* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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