Article(id=1276213296755765721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683216000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-05, revisedDate=1693324800000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202560842, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202560842, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202560842, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202560842, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=663, endPage=673, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213297233916379, articleId=1276213296755765721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Establishment and Application of Digital PCR and Fluorescence Quantitative PCR for Detection of the Copy Numbers of Exogenous Gene in Transgenic Papaya, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The traditional method for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic plants is Southern hybridization, which is costly and time-consuming, and is difficult to meet the breeding needs of high-throughput detection of the copy numbers of exogenous gene. Therefore, this study aims to establish a fast and high-throughput method for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas. In this study, two single copy genes, Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770, were selected from the papaya genome. Using the known exogenous gene as a single copy integrated transgenic papaya as a reference, the copy numbers were identified by digital PCR. Further, using them as reference genes, and the commonly used screening marker gene NPTII in papaya transgenic breeding as an exogenous target gene, methods for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papaya using digital PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR were established. The results showed that Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770 were both single copy genes; the established digital PCR method was accurate and reliable in detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas, while fluorescence quantitative PCR had a higher accuracy in detecting single or low copy integration of exogenous genes in transgenic papayas, and a lower accuracy in detecting multiple copy integration of exogenous genes. Therefore, fluorescence quantitative PCR is suitable for initially screening out single or low copy integration plants from a large number of transgenic plants. The single copy Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770 identified in this study can be used as reference genes for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas. The established methods for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas using digital PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR techniques are simple, fast and suitable for batch detection, providing new methods for selecting single or low copy lines in transgenic resistance breeding of papayas.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xiuju XIE, Qiyu XIA, Shuai LIU, Xianjun MAI, Ruizong JIA, Anping GUO, Zhisheng XU, Feng LI, Xiangyi KONG, Hui ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangyi KONG, Hui ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213301881205225, articleId=1276213296755765721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

传统的检测转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数的方法是Southern杂交,该方法成本高、周期长,难以满足高通量检测外源基因拷贝数的育种需求,因此,本研究旨在建立快速且高通量检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。本研究从番木瓜基因组中筛选出2个单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770,以已知外源基因为单拷贝整合的转基因番木瓜为参照,利用数字PCR鉴定其拷贝数,进一步以其为内参基因,以番木瓜转基因育种常用的筛选标记基因NPTⅡ为外源目的基因,建立利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。结果表明:Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770均为单拷贝基因;建立的数字PCR方法对转基因番木瓜中的外源基因拷贝数的检测准确可靠,而荧光定量PCR对转基因番木瓜中外源基因单低拷贝整合的检测准确度较高,对外源基因多拷贝整合的检测准确度则较低,因此,荧光定量PCR适合用来在大量转基因植株中初筛出单低拷贝整合的植株。本研究鉴定的单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770可作为转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数检测的内参基因,且建立的利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,操作简单,速度快,适合批量检测,可为番木瓜转基因抗病育种中单低拷贝株系的选育提供新的方法。

, authors=

* 夏启玉(1983—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物遗传育种。

谢秀菊(1996—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬遗传转化育种

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** 赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
孔祥义(KONG Xiangyi):E-mail:
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谢秀菊(1996—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬遗传转化育种

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figureFileBig=tiLfy5oGQfpN25snTZIMLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514169557765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Digital PCR scatter map of Cpa03g018830 and CP gene, figureFileSmall=ZPwvepqNb+6yk4+OUvFgtQ==, figureFileBig=QKYVhKs8PihwZW1oHZxxhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514232472326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Cpa03g018830基因和CP基因的dPCR散点图, figureFileSmall=ZPwvepqNb+6yk4+OUvFgtQ==, figureFileBig=QKYVhKs8PihwZW1oHZxxhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514291192583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Validation of qPCR primers, figureFileSmall=eddt/mBRtv4C+xun0VZbSQ==, figureFileBig=8GhB8wllaxdfCAR4tegG6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514429604616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=图3, caption=qPCR引物的验证, figureFileSmall=eddt/mBRtv4C+xun0VZbSQ==, figureFileBig=8GhB8wllaxdfCAR4tegG6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514505102089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Copy number detection results of HC-Pro-12 - HC-Pro-55, figureFileSmall=oWbaoMDRqhDpJCkI6G0dyg==, figureFileBig=cyoXmb8XIndFwxBGjwu6cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514584793866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HC-Pro-12~HC-Pro-55的拷贝数检测结果, figureFileSmall=oWbaoMDRqhDpJCkI6G0dyg==, figureFileBig=cyoXmb8XIndFwxBGjwu6cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514647708427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Copy number detection results of Nib-1 - Nib-28, figureFileSmall=/UXozArWdYyEkSKFw3aKpw==, figureFileBig=EFQ50KvoqvOB4fy6qBBnhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514714817292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Nib-1~Nib-28的拷贝数检测结果, figureFileSmall=/UXozArWdYyEkSKFw3aKpw==, figureFileBig=EFQ50KvoqvOB4fy6qBBnhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514773537549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Copy number detection results of CP1~CP8 and HC-Pro-1-HC-Pro-11, figureFileSmall=LmEPWFh7Rusx7zADsMzc2Q==, figureFileBig=WnEiUnd0dlWLc2n6U2bTUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514840646414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CP1~CP8和HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-11的拷贝数检测结果, figureFileSmall=LmEPWFh7Rusx7zADsMzc2Q==, figureFileBig=WnEiUnd0dlWLc2n6U2bTUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466514920338191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer and probe sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物名称Primer name引物序列(5'-3')Primer sequence (5'-3')大小Size/bp
Cpa03g018830830-FTTCGAACGAGTCTGCAGTGG91
830-RACCACCTGAACCCAGGCTAA
830-PVIC-ACGTGGCGGAGGGTGGTGAAGCTGATA-MGB
Cpa03g018770770-FATCCCAATTGCAGCTGGTGG90
770-RGTGAACCCTGGTGATGCCAA
770-PVIC-TCCAGTTGAGTTTGGTGGCGGCCACA-MGB
CPCP-FGCCGTAAAGACTGGCGAACA140
CP-RGCCCTTTGGTCTTCTGAGACTG
CP-PFAM-TCGTCAACATGGTGGAGCACGACACGC-BHQ1
CP-F1TCACGAGCCCTATCAGGTGTCTTT544
CP-R1TCAACGCCGGAACTAGTGGAACTT
NPTⅡNPTⅡ-FGGAGTTCATTCAGGGCACCG139
NPTⅡ-RTGGGTGGAGAGGCTATTCGG
NPTⅡ-PFAM-ACAGCCGAAACACGGCGGCATCAGA-BHQ1
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515004224272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物及探针序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因Gene引物名称Primer name引物序列(5'-3')Primer sequence (5'-3')大小Size/bp
Cpa03g018830830-FTTCGAACGAGTCTGCAGTGG91
830-RACCACCTGAACCCAGGCTAA
830-PVIC-ACGTGGCGGAGGGTGGTGAAGCTGATA-MGB
Cpa03g018770770-FATCCCAATTGCAGCTGGTGG90
770-RGTGAACCCTGGTGATGCCAA
770-PVIC-TCCAGTTGAGTTTGGTGGCGGCCACA-MGB
CPCP-FGCCGTAAAGACTGGCGAACA140
CP-RGCCCTTTGGTCTTCTGAGACTG
CP-PFAM-TCGTCAACATGGTGGAGCACGACACGC-BHQ1
CP-F1TCACGAGCCCTATCAGGTGTCTTT544
CP-R1TCAACGCCGGAACTAGTGGAACTT
NPTⅡNPTⅡ-FGGAGTTCATTCAGGGCACCG139
NPTⅡ-RTGGGTGGAGAGGCTATTCGG
NPTⅡ-PFAM-ACAGCCGAAACACGGCGGCATCAGA-BHQ1
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515075527441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Digital PCR identification of Cpa03g018830 gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(CP/Cpa03g018830)Ratio (CP/Cpa03g018830)基因型Genotype
CP1Cpa03g018830532.160.47杂合
CP252.48
CP2Cpa03g018830228.740.59杂合
CP134.43
CP3Cpa03g018830810.000.96纯合
CP780.90
CP4Cpa03g018830522.801.07纯合
CP556.82
CP5Cpa03g018830257.120.51杂合
CP130.79
CP6Cpa03g018830226.130.49杂合
CP111.10
CP7Cpa03g018830441.800.49杂合
CP218.34
CP8Cpa03g018830626.800.12
CP72.56
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515209745170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Cpa03g018830基因的dPCR鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(CP/Cpa03g018830)Ratio (CP/Cpa03g018830)基因型Genotype
CP1Cpa03g018830532.160.47杂合
CP252.48
CP2Cpa03g018830228.740.59杂合
CP134.43
CP3Cpa03g018830810.000.96纯合
CP780.90
CP4Cpa03g018830522.801.07纯合
CP556.82
CP5Cpa03g018830257.120.51杂合
CP130.79
CP6Cpa03g018830226.130.49杂合
CP111.10
CP7Cpa03g018830441.800.49杂合
CP218.34
CP8Cpa03g018830626.800.12
CP72.56
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515289436947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Digital PCR identifications of Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770 gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(CP/Cpa03g018830 or Cpa03g018770)Ratio (CP/Cpa03g018830 or Cpa03g018770)基因型Genotype
CP 7-1Cpa03g018830378.300.56杂合
CP210.22
CP7-2Cpa03g018830391.920.53杂合
CP206.88
CP7-3Cpa03g018830393.130.56杂合
CP219.44
CP7-4Cpa03g018770364.920.58杂合
CP209.92
CP7-5Cpa03g018770404.510.58杂合
CP235.15
CP7-6Cpa03g018770272.350.52杂合
CP142.88
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515356545812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Cpa03g018830基因和Cpa03g018770基因的dPCR分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(CP/Cpa03g018830 or Cpa03g018770)Ratio (CP/Cpa03g018830 or Cpa03g018770)基因型Genotype
CP 7-1Cpa03g018830378.300.56杂合
CP210.22
CP7-2Cpa03g018830391.920.53杂合
CP206.88
CP7-3Cpa03g018830393.130.56杂合
CP219.44
CP7-4Cpa03g018770364.920.58杂合
CP209.92
CP7-5Cpa03g018770404.510.58杂合
CP235.15
CP7-6Cpa03g018770272.350.52杂合
CP142.88
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515453014805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Detection of copy numbers of exogenous gene with Cpa03g018770 as reference gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018770)Ratio (NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018770)外源基因拷贝数Copy numbers of exogenous gene
HC-Pro-1Cpa03g018770392.730.271
NPTⅡ107.71
HC-Pro-2Cpa03g018770608.190.271
NPTⅡ163.93
HC-Pro-3Cpa03g018770371.220.251
NPTⅡ91.99
HC-Pro-4Cpa03g018770434.970.271
NPTⅡ117.75
HC-Pro-5Cpa03g018770290.160.521
NPTⅡ149.96
HC-Pro-6Cpa03g018770348.342.375
NPTⅡ823.91
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515545289494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Cpa03g018770为内参基因检测外源基因拷贝数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018770)Ratio (NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018770)外源基因拷贝数Copy numbers of exogenous gene
HC-Pro-1Cpa03g018770392.730.271
NPTⅡ107.71
HC-Pro-2Cpa03g018770608.190.271
NPTⅡ163.93
HC-Pro-3Cpa03g018770371.220.251
NPTⅡ91.99
HC-Pro-4Cpa03g018770434.970.271
NPTⅡ117.75
HC-Pro-5Cpa03g018770290.160.521
NPTⅡ149.96
HC-Pro-6Cpa03g018770348.342.375
NPTⅡ823.91
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515637564183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Detection of copy numbers of exogenous gene with Cpa03g018830 as reference gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018830)Ratio (NPT/ⅡCpa03g018830)外源基因拷贝数Copy numbers of exogenous gene
HC-Pro-1Cpa03g018830474.900.281
NPTⅡ130.75
HC-Pro-2Cpa03g018830347.800.241
NPTⅡ84.87
HC-Pro-3Cpa03g018830355.520.331
NPTⅡ115.80
HC-Pro-4Cpa03g018830387.240.271
NPTⅡ105.22
HC-Pro-5Cpa03g018830248.030.501
NPTⅡ123.88
HC-Pro-6Cpa03g018830294.922.225
NPTⅡ654.67
HC-Pro-7Cpa03g0188301823.702.024
NPTⅡ3679.70
HC-Pro-8Cpa03g018830601.452.024
NPTⅡ1214.90
HC-Pro-9Cpa03g0188301314.402.926
NPTⅡ3840.90
HC-Pro-10Cpa03g018830437.932.224
NPTⅡ973.12
HC-Pro-11Cpa03g018830762.582.756
NPTⅡ2100.70
), ArticleFig(id=1276466515750810392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213296755765721, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

Cpa03g018830为内参基因检测外源基因拷贝数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample基因名称Gene name拷贝数Copy number/(copy·µL-1)比值(NPTⅡ/Cpa03g018830)Ratio (NPT/ⅡCpa03g018830)外源基因拷贝数Copy numbers of exogenous gene
HC-Pro-1Cpa03g018830474.900.281
NPTⅡ130.75
HC-Pro-2Cpa03g018830347.800.241
NPTⅡ84.87
HC-Pro-3Cpa03g018830355.520.331
NPTⅡ115.80
HC-Pro-4Cpa03g018830387.240.271
NPTⅡ105.22
HC-Pro-5Cpa03g018830248.030.501
NPTⅡ123.88
HC-Pro-6Cpa03g018830294.922.225
NPTⅡ654.67
HC-Pro-7Cpa03g0188301823.702.024
NPTⅡ3679.70
HC-Pro-8Cpa03g018830601.452.024
NPTⅡ1214.90
HC-Pro-9Cpa03g0188301314.402.926
NPTⅡ3840.90
HC-Pro-10Cpa03g018830437.932.224
NPTⅡ973.12
HC-Pro-11Cpa03g018830762.582.756
NPTⅡ2100.70
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数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用
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谢秀菊 1, 2 , 夏启玉 1 , 刘帅 4 , 麦贤俊 3 , 贾瑞宗 1 , 郭安平 1 , 徐志胜 2 , 李峰 4 , 孔祥义 3, ** , 赵辉 1, **
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(4): 663-673
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (4) : 663 -673
数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用
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谢秀菊1, 2, 夏启玉1, 刘帅4, 麦贤俊3, 贾瑞宗1, 郭安平1, 徐志胜2, 李峰4, 孔祥义3, ** , 赵辉1, **
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,海南三亚 572024
  • 2.南京农业大学,江苏南京 210095
  • 3.三亚市热带农业科学院,海南三亚 572022
  • 4.山东舜丰生物科技有限公司,山东济南 250300
通讯作者:
** 赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
孔祥义(KONG Xiangyi):E-mail:
Establishment and Application of Digital PCR and Fluorescence Quantitative PCR for Detection of the Copy Numbers of Exogenous Gene in Transgenic Papaya
Xiuju XIE1, 2, Qiyu XIA1, Shuai LIU4, Xianjun MAI3, Ruizong JIA1, Anping GUO1, Zhisheng XU2, Feng LI4, Xiangyi KONG3, ** , Hui ZHAO1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • 2.Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210095, China
  • 3.Sanya Academy of Tropical Agriculture, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China
  • 4.Bellagen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250300, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.002
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传统的检测转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数的方法是Southern杂交,该方法成本高、周期长,难以满足高通量检测外源基因拷贝数的育种需求,因此,本研究旨在建立快速且高通量检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。本研究从番木瓜基因组中筛选出2个单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770,以已知外源基因为单拷贝整合的转基因番木瓜为参照,利用数字PCR鉴定其拷贝数,进一步以其为内参基因,以番木瓜转基因育种常用的筛选标记基因NPTⅡ为外源目的基因,建立利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。结果表明:Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770均为单拷贝基因;建立的数字PCR方法对转基因番木瓜中的外源基因拷贝数的检测准确可靠,而荧光定量PCR对转基因番木瓜中外源基因单低拷贝整合的检测准确度较高,对外源基因多拷贝整合的检测准确度则较低,因此,荧光定量PCR适合用来在大量转基因植株中初筛出单低拷贝整合的植株。本研究鉴定的单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770可作为转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数检测的内参基因,且建立的利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,操作简单,速度快,适合批量检测,可为番木瓜转基因抗病育种中单低拷贝株系的选育提供新的方法。

转基因番木瓜  /  拷贝数  /  内参基因  /  数字PCR  /  荧光定量PCR

The traditional method for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic plants is Southern hybridization, which is costly and time-consuming, and is difficult to meet the breeding needs of high-throughput detection of the copy numbers of exogenous gene. Therefore, this study aims to establish a fast and high-throughput method for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas. In this study, two single copy genes, Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770, were selected from the papaya genome. Using the known exogenous gene as a single copy integrated transgenic papaya as a reference, the copy numbers were identified by digital PCR. Further, using them as reference genes, and the commonly used screening marker gene NPTII in papaya transgenic breeding as an exogenous target gene, methods for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papaya using digital PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR were established. The results showed that Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770 were both single copy genes; the established digital PCR method was accurate and reliable in detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas, while fluorescence quantitative PCR had a higher accuracy in detecting single or low copy integration of exogenous genes in transgenic papayas, and a lower accuracy in detecting multiple copy integration of exogenous genes. Therefore, fluorescence quantitative PCR is suitable for initially screening out single or low copy integration plants from a large number of transgenic plants. The single copy Cpa03g018830 and Cpa03g018770 identified in this study can be used as reference genes for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas. The established methods for detecting the copy numbers of exogenous gene in transgenic papayas using digital PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR techniques are simple, fast and suitable for batch detection, providing new methods for selecting single or low copy lines in transgenic resistance breeding of papayas.

transgenic papaya  /  copy number  /  reference gene  /  digital PCR  /  fluorescence quantitative PCR
谢秀菊, 夏启玉, 刘帅, 麦贤俊, 贾瑞宗, 郭安平, 徐志胜, 李峰, 孔祥义, 赵辉. 数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 663 -673 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.002
Xiuju XIE, Qiyu XIA, Shuai LIU, Xianjun MAI, Ruizong JIA, Anping GUO, Zhisheng XU, Feng LI, Xiangyi KONG, Hui ZHAO. Establishment and Application of Digital PCR and Fluorescence Quantitative PCR for Detection of the Copy Numbers of Exogenous Gene in Transgenic Papaya[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 663 -673 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.002
番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)是世界四大热带、亚热带畅销水果之一。番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)是危害番木瓜最严重的病毒,其侵染番木瓜植株后,造成番木瓜大面积减产甚至整片果园死亡。1986年,ABEL等[1]发现将病毒基因转入寄主植物,可以导致寄主植物对病毒产生抗性,此后转基因技术被应用到番木瓜的抗病育种中。第一个转基因番木瓜品种是将夏威夷PRSV 55-1的外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因转入Sunset品种中[2],田间抗性表现相当良好,该转基因品种于1997年在夏威夷获得商业化应用。随后,2009年美国弗罗里达大学的转基因番木瓜X17-2品系[3]也获得商业化应用。我国的番木瓜转基因育种是从1996年开始的,华南农业大学研发出了抗病品系华农1号,并且在2010年获得了国家颁发的番木瓜农业转基因生物安全证书。我国台湾中兴大学的CHENG等[4]和BAU等[5-6]也研发出了转基因番木瓜抗病品系16-0-1、18-2-4等。近些年来,研究人员仍在不断进行新的番木瓜转基因育种研究。
在转基因植物育种研究中,外源基因整合进入受体植物基因组的拷贝数会影响外源目的基因的表达及其遗传稳定性[7]。当外源基因以1~2个拷贝数整合到受体基因组时,一般能够稳定高效表达,而当外源基因以多拷贝数整合到受体基因组时,可能会出现表达水平较低甚至基因沉默,从而无法得到表现目的性状的转基因植株[8-9]。因此,研究人员往往会选择单低拷贝整合的株系,然而,单低拷贝整合的转基因株系往往需要从大量T0代植株中筛选得到。此外,纯合转基因植株的获得,也需要从大量性状分离的T1代转基因植株中筛选。因此,高效的外源基因拷贝数检测方法对转基因育种至关重要。
传统的检测转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数的方法为Southern杂交,该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,但其对样品DNA的质量和含量要求较高,且成本高,周期长,难以满足高通量外源基因拷贝数检测的需求。因此,亟需建立简单、快速、高效的检测转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数的方法。本研究以已知外源基因为单拷贝整合的转CP基因番木瓜为参照,筛选出番木瓜基因组中的单拷贝基因;进一步以其为内参基因,建立基于绝对定量的数字PCR技术(digital PCR,dPCR)和荧光定量PCR技术(fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,为转基因番木瓜育种提供新的高通量拷贝数检测方法。
转基因番木瓜株系来自中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,包含:21株转入海南PRSV的CP基因的T1代番木瓜、55株转入海南PRSV的辅助成分-蛋白酶基因(HC-Pro)发夹结构的T0代番木瓜苗和28株转入海南PRSV的复制酶基因(Nib)发夹结构的T0代番木瓜苗。
广谱植物基因组DNA快速提取试剂盒(CZ301-01)购自北京博迈德基因技术有限公司;QuantStudio™ 3D数字PCR预混液v2、QuantStudio 3D数字PCR 20K芯片v2、QuantStudio 3D数字PCR芯片罩盖v2、QuantStudio 3D数字PCR上样刀片、注射器装浸液、浸液吸头等均购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;2X Q3 SYBR qPCR Master mix购自吐露港生物科技有限公司,PCR平盖八排管购自Labselect公司。引物均由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
(1)番木瓜单拷贝基因的筛选及dPCR引物与探针设计。在phytozome(https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/blast-search)网站的番木瓜基因组中,挑选出可能为单拷贝的2个基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770作为候选内参基因,下载这2个基因的DNA序列。使用Premier 5.0软件设计特异性引物(F/R)与探针(P),Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770的探针5′端连接VIC荧光基团,3′端连接MGB荧光猝灭基团,该基团散发红色荧光。转基因番木瓜外源基因CPNPTⅡ(neomycin phosphotransferase)的探针5′端连接FAM荧光基团,3′端连接BHQ1荧光猝灭基团,该基团散发绿色荧光。本实验使用的所有引物及探针序列见表1
(2)转CP基因番木瓜的T1代阳性植株的筛选。以T0代经过Southern杂交验证为单拷贝的转CP基因番木瓜的T1代阳性植株幼苗作为内参基因拷贝数鉴定的参照,首先通过PCR筛选出转CP番木瓜的T1代阳性植株。采集21株转CP基因番木瓜的T1代幼苗的叶片,提取其基因组DNA,通过常规PCR筛选阳性幼苗。反应体系为:Green Master Mix 12.5 µL,CP-F1(10 µmol/L)1 µL,CP-R1(10 µmol/L)1 µL,DNA模板1 µL,Nuclease-free water 9.5 µL,总体积25 µL。扩增程序为:94 ℃预变性3 min;94 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,共35个循环;最后72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃保存。PCR扩增反应结束后,取10 µL PCR产物在2%琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳检测。
(3)dPCR鉴定候选内参基因的拷贝数。从上述转CP基因番木瓜的T1代阳性植株中随机选取8株,编号为CP1~CP8。使用QuantStudioTM 3D AnalysisSuiteTM数字PCR仪,通过dPCR检测候选内参基因Cpa03g018830在番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数。反应体系为:2×dPCR Master Mix 7.3 µL,CP基因、Cpa03g018830基因的正向引物和反向引物(10 µmol/L)各1.3 µL,探针(10 µmol/L)0.36 µL,DNA模板(10 ng/µL)1 µL,Nuclease-free water 0.28 µL,总体积14.50 µL。扩增程序为:96 ℃变性10 min;60 ℃ 2 min,98 ℃ 30 s,39个循环;60 ℃ 2 min。反应结束后,将芯片放入dPCR读取仪中读取FAM和VIC荧光信号,并使用对应软件进行荧光数据分析,得到检测样品DNA中CP基因和Cpa03g018830基因的拷贝数(copy/µL),计算样品中CP基因与Cpa03g018830基因的拷贝数比值,通过比值判断Cpa03g018830基因在番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数。
选取已确认为单拷贝杂合的植株CP7作为Cpa03g018770基因在番木瓜基因组中拷贝数鉴定的参照,通过数字PCR检测Cpa03g018770基因在番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数;同时以Cpa03g018830基因为单拷贝对照来进一步验证Cpa03g018770基因的拷贝数。Cpa03g018770基因和Cpa03g018830基因的dPCR实验各设3个重复。
以转番木瓜PRSV病毒HC-Pro基因的T0代阳性番木瓜苗为待测样品,编号为HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-11,采集11株幼苗的叶片,提取其基因组DNA。以Cpa03g018770基因和Cpa03g018830基因为内参基因,以番木瓜转基因常用的筛选基因NPTⅡ为外源目的基因,通过dPCR检测外源基因在转HC-Pro基因番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数。其中,以Cpa03g018770基因为内参基因,检测6株转HC-Pro基因番木瓜苗(HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-6);以Cpa03g018830基因为内参基因,检测全部11株转HC-Pro基因番木瓜苗。数字PCR仪反应体系和扩增程序同1.2.1。反应结束后,将芯片放入dPCR读取仪中读取FAM和VIC荧光信号,并使用对应软件进行荧光数据分析,得到检测样品DNA中NPTⅡ基因、Cpa03g018830基因、Cpa03g018770基因的拷贝数(copy/µL),计算样品中NPTⅡ基因与Cpa03g018830基因、Cpa03g018770基因的拷贝数比值,通过比值判断NPTⅡ基因在番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数。
(1)引物验证。荧光定量PCR引物同数字PCR引物一样,且不需要探针。以2份已知拷贝数的转基因番木瓜的基因组DNA为模板,进行荧光定量PCR实验,验证内参Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770基因和外源基因NPTⅡ的引物有效性。反应在LighterCycler® 96荧光分析仪中进行,反应体系为:2X Q3 SYBR qPCR Master Mix(Universal)10 μL,正向引物和反向引物(10 µmol/L)各0.4 μL,Template DNA(50 ng/µL)1 μL,ddH2O 8.2 μL,总体积为20 µL。扩增程序为:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性10 s,58 ℃退火30 s,40个循环;熔解曲线95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s,95 ℃ 15 s。实验设置3个重复,反应结束后,通过扩增曲线及溶解曲线判定引物是否有效。
(2)qPCR检测待测样品的外源基因拷贝数。以转HC-Pro基因的T0代阳性番木瓜苗为待测样品,编号为HC-Pro-12~HC-Pro-55。以转Nib基因的T0代阳性番木瓜苗为待测样品,编号为Nib-1~ Nib-28。分别采集番木瓜幼苗的叶片,提取其基因组DNA。此外,HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-11和CP1~CP8也作为待测样品通过qPCR再次验证其拷贝数,待测样品共91份。以Cpa03g018770基因和Cpa03g018830基因为内参基因,以NPTⅡ基因为外源目的基因,以单拷贝纯合的转基因番木瓜株系作为对照,通过qPCR检测所有待测样品的外源基因在转基因番木瓜基因组中的拷贝数。qPCR反应体系及扩增程序同引物验证,每个样品重复3次。反应结束后,使用LightCycler® 96 SW 1.1系统对数据进行分析,采用2-∆∆CT法分析转基因植株中NPTII基因的相对拷贝数。
PCR产物经电泳检测后,若出现500 bp左右的目的条带则为转基因阳性植株,可能为CP基因纯合或CP基因杂合,若无目的条带则为非转基因植株。21株T1代幼苗的PCR检测结果见图1,其中,有17株为CP基因阳性植株,这17株番木瓜植株可作为内参基因拷贝数鉴定的参照。
由于番木瓜属于二倍体植物,转CP基因番木瓜单拷贝株系的T1代阳性植株的CP基因与Cpa03g018830基因的拷贝数比值为1或0.5时,Cpa03g018830基因为单拷贝基因。且根据CP基因与目的基因的拷贝数比值,可得出转CP基因番木瓜的T1代阳性植株为纯合或杂合,拷贝数比值为1时为单拷贝纯合CP植株,拷贝数比值为0.5时为单拷贝杂合CP植株。8个样品的数字PCR散点图见图2,其中,蓝色散点为CP基因荧光孔数;红色散点为Cpa03g018830基因荧光孔数;绿色散点为CP基因和Cpa03g018830基因荧光孔数,黄色散点为无信号孔数。dPCR实验的拷贝数结果(表2)显示,7个样品的CP基因与Cpa03g018830基因的拷贝数比值接近为1或0.5,CP8样本的拷贝数比值为0.12,结果异常,将其排除。因此,Cpa03g018830基因在番木瓜基因组中为单拷贝基因。且CP3与CP4样品为单拷贝纯合植株,CP1、CP2、CP5、CP6、CP7样品为单拷贝杂合植株。
由于CP7为单拷贝杂合植株,其CP基因与目的基因的拷贝数比值为0.5时,则目的基因为单拷贝基因。CP7的dPCR实验的结果(表3)显示,CP基因与Cpa03g018770基因和Cpa03g018830基因的拷贝数比值均接近0.5。因此,Cpa03g018770基因和Cpa03g018830基因在番木瓜基因组中均为单拷贝基因,可作为内参基因应用于转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的检测。
番木瓜是二倍体植物,因此单拷贝整合的外源基因片段与内参基因的拷贝数比值约为0.5,双拷贝整合的外源基因片段与内参基因的拷贝数比值约为1,三拷贝整合的外源基因片段与内参基因的拷贝数比值约为1.5,四拷贝、五拷贝等多拷贝外源基因片段整合拷贝数以此类推。
Cpa03g018770基因为内参基因,以NPTⅡ基因为外源目的基因,11株转HC-Pro基因的T0代阳性番木瓜苗的dPCR检测结果表明,HC-Pro-1、HC-Pro-2、HC-Pro-3、HC-Pro-4、HC-Pro-5检测为单拷贝,HC-Pro-6检测为五拷贝(表4)。以Cpa03g018830基因为内参基因的数字PCR结果表明,HC-Pro-1、HC-Pro-2、HC-Pro-3、HC-Pro-4、HC-Pro-5检测为单拷贝,HC-Pro-6检测为五拷贝,HC-Pro-7、HC-Pro-8和HC-Pro-10检测为四拷贝,HC-Pro-9和HC-Pro-11检测为六拷贝。其中,HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-6经2个内参基因检测的结果一致(表5)。
3对引物的扩增曲线及融解曲线表明,3对引物均有明显的扩增曲线,且融解曲线均具有唯一的吸收峰,可作为qPCR检测引物(图3)。
采用2-∆∆CT法分析转基因植株中NPTII基因的相对拷贝数,定义已知单拷贝纯合转基因植株对照为参照因子,即为1,各样本相对于参照因子拷贝数的倍数为2-∆∆CT。由于T0代植株的插入为杂合型,因此单拷贝植株的相对定量值(RQ)应为纯合单拷贝参照的1/2,相对表达量约为0.5;而双拷贝植株的RQ值与纯合单拷贝对照相等,相对表达量约为1;三拷贝植株的相对定量值RQ应该为纯合单拷贝对照的3/2,相对表达量约为1.5;多拷贝外源基因整合拷贝数以此类推。样品HC-Pro-12~HC-Pro-55的qPCR检测拷贝数的结果见图4,其中,有25个是单拷贝转基因植株,有1个是双拷贝转基因植株,有2个是三拷贝转基因植株,其余均为三拷贝以上转基因植株。样品Nib-1~Nib-28的qPCR检测拷贝数的结果见图5,有5个是单拷贝转基因植株,有2个是双拷贝转基因植株,有6个是三拷贝转基因植株,其余均为三拷贝以上转基因植株。样品CP1~CP8和HC-Pro-1~HC-Pro-11的qPCR检测拷贝数的结果见图6,CP1、CP2、CP5、CP6和CP7样品为单拷贝杂合植株,CP3、CP4和CP8样品为单拷贝纯合植株,除CP8号的dPCR结果异常,其余均与dPCR检测的拷贝数结果一致。HC-Pro-1、HC-Pro-2、HC-Pro-3、HC-Pro-4和HC-Pro-5均为单拷贝转基因植株,HC-Pro-7、HC-Pro-8和HC-Pro-10为四拷贝转基因植株,HC-Pro-6为五拷贝转基因植株,以上植株的拷贝数检测结果与dPCR的检测结果一致;HC-Pro-9和HC-Pro-11经qPCR检测为十五拷贝和五拷贝,然而dPCR的检测结果均为六拷贝,结果不一致,这可能是因为荧光定量对外源基因单低拷贝整合的检测灵敏度较高,而对多拷贝整合的检测灵敏度低的缘故。
在转基因番木瓜检测中,外源基因的拷贝数检测是不可缺少的一环,因此获得一种简便、高效、精准的检测方法至关重要。传统的Southern杂交的结果准确可信,但其成本高,耗时长,一次检测样品少,操作要求高。qPCR也常用于转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数的检测,可分为荧光染料法和探针法,探针法相比于染料法,能更精确地对低拷贝的目的DNA片段进行定量分析,但探针价格较昂贵,成本高。染料法虽然相较于探针法精准度稍有降低,但在检测外源基因的单低拷贝整合时的准确性也足以满足育种工作需求,且其成本较低,更适宜高通量检测。目前,qPCR测定外源基因拷贝数已成功应用于转基因水稻[10-11]和棉花[12]等作物的拷贝数检测。dPCR技术是在qPCR技术基础上的一次技术革新,其分析结果可直接得出DNA分子的个数,对起始样品进行绝对定量。相比qPCR,dPCR无需任何校准物,具有更高的灵敏度、特异性和准确性。dPCR在基因表达研究[13]、miRNA研究[14-16]、基因组拷贝数鉴定[17-18]等方面具有广阔前景。HINDSON等[19]研究表明,dPCR能够简单而准确地测定水稻、柑橘、马铃薯、玉米、番茄和小麦中的外源基因拷贝数。NARANCIO等[20]比较了qPCR和dPCR方法在白三叶中外源基因拷贝数检测中的优劣,结果表明,dPCR在白三叶中的拷贝数检测上具有更高的准确性。
要建立qPCR和dPCR检测转基因植株中外源基因拷贝数的方法,需要拷贝数明确的单拷贝基因作为内参基因。XUE等[21]通过对甘蔗多个基因的检测发现,APRT基因最适合作为甘蔗DNA含量定量的内源参考基因,可应用于转基因甘蔗中外源基因拷贝数的鉴定。本研究筛选出了2个番木瓜单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830Cpa03g018770,验证了其作为内参基因准确可用,且可将2个内参基因同时使用,若2个内参结果相一致,则结果更准确,因此,这2个基因可作为内参基因应用于qPCR或dPCR鉴定转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的研究。
本研究中,利用dPCR与qPCR方法分别测定了转基因番木瓜中外源基因的拷贝数,HC-Pro-9和HC-Pro-11经qPCR检测为十五拷贝和五拷贝,然而dPCR的检测结果均为六拷贝,可能是因为qPCR对外源基因单的低拷贝整合的检测灵敏度较高,而对外源基因多拷贝整合的检测灵敏度低较低。相比较来说,数字PCR不依赖标准曲线定量,并不受PCR扩增效率影响,具有更高的灵敏度和检测准确度,基于阵列式的QuantStudio 3D dPCR系统等商业平台也已成为临床应用的关键设备,dPCR的结果对外源基因拷贝数的检测更准确。qPCR成本较低,简单快速,适合用来在大量转基因植株中初筛出单低拷贝整合的植株,经qPCR初步筛选到的单低拷贝整合的株系可进一步用Southern杂交进行验证,不仅进一步提高实验结果的准确性与权威性,还节省成本。本研究建立的利用dPCR和qPCR技术高通量检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,可为番木瓜转基因抗病育种中单低拷贝株系的选育提供新的方法。
  • 三亚市科技创新专项(2022KJCX21)
  • 海南省重大科技计划项目“南繁育种区生物安全防控”(ZDKJ202002)
  • 海南省院士创新平台资助项目
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2024年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.002
  • 接收时间:2023-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-05
  • 修回日期:2023-08-30
基金
三亚市科技创新专项(2022KJCX21)
海南省重大科技计划项目“南繁育种区生物安全防控”(ZDKJ202002)
海南省院士创新平台资助项目
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,海南三亚 572024
    2.南京农业大学,江苏南京 210095
    3.三亚市热带农业科学院,海南三亚 572022
    4.山东舜丰生物科技有限公司,山东济南 250300

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** 赵辉(ZHAO Hui),E-mail:
孔祥义(KONG Xiangyi):E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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