Article(id=1277330308525592820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1643731200000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-02, revisedDate=1667404800000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468877202, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468877202, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468877201, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468877201, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=602, endPage=608, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330308789833974, articleId=1277330308525592820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification, Invasion Pathway and Rapid Detection Technology of New Mummy Fruit Pathogen of Seedless Litchi, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In 2022, a stiff fruit disease was found on seedless litchi in Hainan, which was obviously different from the common litchi diseases in Hainan, such as anthracnose and acid rot. It mainly damaged young fruits. There was no significant change in the appearance of young fruits when the disease occurred. When the fruit was broad bean, the outer peel of the diseased fruit became darker, and the inner peel became irregularly brown after dissection. The fruit no longer expanded, forming fleshless stiff fruit, which was easy to cause serious economic losses. In this study, the pathogen of the disease was isolated, identified, invasion way and rapid detection techniques were studied. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium pernambucanum by morphological identification, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 gene sequence analysis. The pericarp of seedless litchi fruit at young fruit stage was susceptible to pathogen invasion after being damaged by farming operations, wind, piercing-sucking insects, while the fruit surface was not diseased without wounds. The main invasion period of the pathogen was 3.2-4.8 mm in the longitudinal direction of the fruit. After the fruit was bigger than 9.8 mm, the probability of pathogen invasion gradually decreased. Based on the TUB gene sequence, the specific primers for rapid detection of F. pernambucanum were obtained, and a rapid and efficient molecular detection method based on ordinary PCR was constructed. The detection method is sensitive and efficient, and would provide support for early diagnosis and prevention of seedless litchi stiff fruit disease.

, authors=null, authorsList=Weibo WANG, Songgang LI, Meijiao HU, Xueren CAO, Min LI, Huanling LI, Fang LI, Zhaoyin GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhaoyin GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330310111039750, articleId=1277330308525592820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=无核荔枝僵果病的病原菌鉴定、入侵途径及快速检测技术, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

2022年在海南无核荔枝上发现一种僵果病,与海南常见的荔枝病害炭疽病、酸腐病等病症差别明显,主要为害幼果,发病时幼果果实外观无明显变化,但无核荔枝完成疏果后,果实长至蚕豆大小时,发病果实的外果皮颜色变暗,剖开后内果皮发生不规则褐变,果实不再膨大,形成僵果,易造成严重的经济损失。本研究对该病害的病原菌进行分离和鉴定,对入侵途径和快速检测技术进行研究。结果表明:通过形态学鉴定、ITS、RBP2TEF1基因序列分析,鉴定引起无核荔枝新型僵果病的病原菌为伯氏镰刀菌(Fusarium pernambucanum)。无核荔枝幼果期果实果皮受农事操作、风、刺吸性昆虫为害等损伤后,易受到病原菌的入侵发病,而果实表面无伤口时不发病。病原菌入侵主要集中在果实纵经3.2~4.8 mm的幼果期,随着果实的生长、果皮保护组织的增加和伤口的减少,病原菌难以入侵,果实发病率快速降低。基于TUB基因序列,以伯氏镰刀菌及其他分离获得的镰刀菌属菌株基因组DNA为模板进行扩增测序,根据序列信息设计筛选出一对伯氏镰刀菌的特异性引物,构建了基于普通PCR的快速高效分子检测方法,该检测方法灵敏、高效,可用于指导无核荔枝僵果病的早期诊断与预防。

, authors=

王伟博(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物病理。

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* 高兆银(GAO Zhaoyin),E-mail:
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王伟博(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物病理。

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王伟博(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带植物病理。

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PCR相关技术方法在植物病害检测中的应用(综述)[J]. 上海农业学报, 2004(4): 112-115., articleTitle=PCR相关技术方法在植物病害检测中的应用(综述), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330327437709682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=112, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WANG N, MA Y J, WANG Z Z, DAI G H, journalName=Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG N, MA Y J, WANG Z Z, DAI G H. The application of PCR to the detection of plant diseases[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2004(4): 112-115. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The application of PCR to the detection of plant diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330327513207155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=224, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=李亭潞, 司徒俊键, 江立群, 何宁, 习平根, 姜子德, journalName=中国菌物学会2015年学术年会论文摘要集, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李亭潞, 司徒俊键, 江立群, 何宁, 习平根, 姜子德. 荔枝霜疫霉和荔枝炭疽菌LAMP检测技术的建立[C]//中国菌物学会2015年学术年会论文摘要集, 2015: 224., articleTitle=荔枝霜疫霉和荔枝炭疽菌LAMP检测技术的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330327580316020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=224, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LI T L, SITU J J, JIANG L Q, HE N, XI P G, JIANG Z D, journalName=Abstracts of 2015 Annual Meeting of Chinese Fungi Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI T L, SITU J J, JIANG L Q, HE N, XI P G, JIANG Z D. Establishment of LAMP detection technology for Peronophythora litchi and Colletotrichum litchi[C]//Abstracts of 2015 Annual Meeting of Chinese Fungi Society, 2015: 224. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Establishment of LAMP detection technology for Peronophythora litchi and Colletotrichum litchi, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330327655813493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=28, authorNames=杨瑞, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨瑞. 苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella (L.)在中国的适生性研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2008., articleTitle=苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella (L.)在中国的适生性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330327710339446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=29, authorNames=YANG R, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG R. Study on habiat suitability of Cydia pomonella (L.) in China[D]. Yangling: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2008. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on habiat suitability of Cydia pomonella (L.) in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277330323797053782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, awardId=2020YFD10001003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD10001003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330323906105687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, awardId=2019RC272, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金引进人才项目(2019RC272), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330323985797464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, awardId=CARS-32-20, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-32-20), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277330310379475208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310387863817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310379475208, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Plant Protection, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310396252426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310379475208, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学植物保护学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277330310471749899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310484332812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310471749899, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310496915725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310471749899, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277330310664687887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310673076496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310664687887, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330310685659409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, companyId=1277330310664687887, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277330321808953670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Symptoms of field natural disease and stab inoculation disease of fruit, figureFileSmall=c3+6/4ZpoY9BQbLnok8NLA==, figureFileBig=0NbzWkFsXE/WYqYgcs7DFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330322152886599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图1, caption=果实田间发自然发病及刺伤接种发病症状

A:田间自然发病果实;B:发病果实内部;C:刺伤接种发病果实。

, figureFileSmall=c3+6/4ZpoY9BQbLnok8NLA==, figureFileBig=0NbzWkFsXE/WYqYgcs7DFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330322664591688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Pathogen morphology, figureFileSmall=3jkCdyLw6NLpQ+MIJVaTgQ==, figureFileBig=AELInnZdLYkXTf+imQtmaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330322744283465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图2, caption=病原菌形态

A:PDA培养基上培养7 d后的菌落形态(左是正面,右是背面);B、C:分生孢子梗;D、E:分生孢子。

, figureFileSmall=3jkCdyLw6NLpQ+MIJVaTgQ==, figureFileBig=AELInnZdLYkXTf+imQtmaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330322995941706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree based on RPB2 and EF1-α genes, figureFileSmall=b2oBkHsxQWivvtD7Mhn3jg==, figureFileBig=yOrUXJil4reZhRbmGM1Mfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323058856267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于RPB2EF1-α基因的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=b2oBkHsxQWivvtD7Mhn3jg==, figureFileBig=yOrUXJil4reZhRbmGM1Mfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323117576524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Pathogen invasion pathway, figureFileSmall=U2zO4yIYPUUpPpx6IZGWIA==, figureFileBig=ezfJcYuGPlPhg8VCQ+IkkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323176296781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图4, caption=病原菌的入侵途径

A:无刺伤接种不发病;B:机械损伤接种发病;C:荔枝蝽为害;D:荔枝蝽为害后接种发病。

, figureFileSmall=U2zO4yIYPUUpPpx6IZGWIA==, figureFileBig=ezfJcYuGPlPhg8VCQ+IkkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323235017038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=F1D/R1D primer specificity verification in Fusarium, figureFileSmall=RiLAp22peaZQRR4xp3o9YA==, figureFileBig=bUsgnaVGT+zCcPhdVDL/8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323297931599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图5, caption=F1D/R1D引物对镰刀菌属的特异性验证

M: DL2000 DNA marker; 1: SLZ-1-2; 2: F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, Foc1; 3: F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense, Foc4; 4: F. guilinense; CK: ddH2O.

, figureFileSmall=RiLAp22peaZQRR4xp3o9YA==, figureFileBig=bUsgnaVGT+zCcPhdVDL/8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323356651856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=F1D/R1D primer specificity verification out Fusarium, figureFileSmall=i5xH/beaojwCAz5KeqxK0g==, figureFileBig=QCqF0Nn/jgEoq6PnS36XWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323423760721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图6, caption=F1D/R1D引物对非镰刀菌属的特异性验证

M: DL2000 DNA marker; 1: SLZ-1-2; 2: Alternaria sp.; 3: Curvularia sp.; 4: Cladosporium sp.; 5: Nigrospora sp.; 6: Corynespora sp.; 7-9: Colletotrichum sp.; 10: Stemphylium sp.; 11-13: Botryosphaeria sp.; 14: Lasiodiplodia sp.; 15: Graphium sp.; 16: Talaromyces sp.; 17: Xylaria sp.; CK: ddH2O.

, figureFileSmall=i5xH/beaojwCAz5KeqxK0g==, figureFileBig=QCqF0Nn/jgEoq6PnS36XWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323495063890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Rapid detection of diseased fruit, figureFileSmall=ZQBslbo9RBTURcJR24e4YA==, figureFileBig=ItNiCehSa8wC4spTchcUeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323557978451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=图7, caption=带病果实快速检测

M:DL2000 DNA marker;1:SLZ-1-2;2~9:单个僵果果实编号;CK:ddH2O。

, figureFileSmall=ZQBslbo9RBTURcJR24e4YA==, figureFileBig=ItNiCehSa8wC4spTchcUeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330323616698708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Rapid detection of fruits in different growth periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index生长期Growth stages
123456789
果实纵径/mm3.204.806.308.709.8012.6018.4023.5032.20
带菌率/%22.2222.2216.6716.6711.115.565.560.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1277330323692196181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330308525592820, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同生长期果实带菌率快速检测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index生长期Growth stages
123456789
果实纵径/mm3.204.806.308.709.8012.6018.4023.5032.20
带菌率/%22.2222.2216.6716.6711.115.565.560.000.00
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无核荔枝僵果病的病原菌鉴定、入侵途径及快速检测技术
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王伟博 1 , 李松刚 3 , 胡美姣 2 , 曹学仁 2 , 李敏 2 , 李焕苓 2 , 李芳 2 , 高兆银 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(3): 602-608
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (3) : 602 -608
无核荔枝僵果病的病原菌鉴定、入侵途径及快速检测技术
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王伟博1, 李松刚3, 胡美姣2, 曹学仁2, 李敏2, 李焕苓2, 李芳2, 高兆银2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学植物保护学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 高兆银(GAO Zhaoyin),E-mail:
Identification, Invasion Pathway and Rapid Detection Technology of New Mummy Fruit Pathogen of Seedless Litchi
Weibo WANG1, Songgang LI3, Meijiao HU2, Xueren CAO2, Min LI2, Huanling LI2, Fang LI2, Zhaoyin GAO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Plant Protection, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.017
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2022年在海南无核荔枝上发现一种僵果病,与海南常见的荔枝病害炭疽病、酸腐病等病症差别明显,主要为害幼果,发病时幼果果实外观无明显变化,但无核荔枝完成疏果后,果实长至蚕豆大小时,发病果实的外果皮颜色变暗,剖开后内果皮发生不规则褐变,果实不再膨大,形成僵果,易造成严重的经济损失。本研究对该病害的病原菌进行分离和鉴定,对入侵途径和快速检测技术进行研究。结果表明:通过形态学鉴定、ITS、RBP2TEF1基因序列分析,鉴定引起无核荔枝新型僵果病的病原菌为伯氏镰刀菌(Fusarium pernambucanum)。无核荔枝幼果期果实果皮受农事操作、风、刺吸性昆虫为害等损伤后,易受到病原菌的入侵发病,而果实表面无伤口时不发病。病原菌入侵主要集中在果实纵经3.2~4.8 mm的幼果期,随着果实的生长、果皮保护组织的增加和伤口的减少,病原菌难以入侵,果实发病率快速降低。基于TUB基因序列,以伯氏镰刀菌及其他分离获得的镰刀菌属菌株基因组DNA为模板进行扩增测序,根据序列信息设计筛选出一对伯氏镰刀菌的特异性引物,构建了基于普通PCR的快速高效分子检测方法,该检测方法灵敏、高效,可用于指导无核荔枝僵果病的早期诊断与预防。

无核荔枝  /  僵果病  /  病原菌  /  鉴定  /  检测

In 2022, a stiff fruit disease was found on seedless litchi in Hainan, which was obviously different from the common litchi diseases in Hainan, such as anthracnose and acid rot. It mainly damaged young fruits. There was no significant change in the appearance of young fruits when the disease occurred. When the fruit was broad bean, the outer peel of the diseased fruit became darker, and the inner peel became irregularly brown after dissection. The fruit no longer expanded, forming fleshless stiff fruit, which was easy to cause serious economic losses. In this study, the pathogen of the disease was isolated, identified, invasion way and rapid detection techniques were studied. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium pernambucanum by morphological identification, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 gene sequence analysis. The pericarp of seedless litchi fruit at young fruit stage was susceptible to pathogen invasion after being damaged by farming operations, wind, piercing-sucking insects, while the fruit surface was not diseased without wounds. The main invasion period of the pathogen was 3.2-4.8 mm in the longitudinal direction of the fruit. After the fruit was bigger than 9.8 mm, the probability of pathogen invasion gradually decreased. Based on the TUB gene sequence, the specific primers for rapid detection of F. pernambucanum were obtained, and a rapid and efficient molecular detection method based on ordinary PCR was constructed. The detection method is sensitive and efficient, and would provide support for early diagnosis and prevention of seedless litchi stiff fruit disease.

seedless litchi  /  fruit mummy  /  pathogen  /  identification  /  detection
王伟博, 李松刚, 胡美姣, 曹学仁, 李敏, 李焕苓, 李芳, 高兆银. 无核荔枝僵果病的病原菌鉴定、入侵途径及快速检测技术. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 602 -608 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.017
Weibo WANG, Songgang LI, Meijiao HU, Xueren CAO, Min LI, Huanling LI, Fang LI, Zhaoyin GAO. Identification, Invasion Pathway and Rapid Detection Technology of New Mummy Fruit Pathogen of Seedless Litchi[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 602 -608 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.017
荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)是原产于我国的重要的热带果树之一。无核荔枝是海南选育的地方特色品种,其果大皮红,果肉晶莹、口感清脆无渣,食用时不吐核,备受消费者喜爱。随着荔枝栽培技术的提高,并蒂双生的无核荔枝成为无核荔枝生产的主流,在果实长至花生米大小时,通过疏除单果、有核果实,保留并蒂成对的无核果实,实现并蒂双生无核荔枝的生产,其售价高,是单果售价的2~4倍,经济效益显著[1-3]。近年来无核荔枝上发生了一种为害果实的新病害,与荔枝常见的果实病害,如炭疽病、霜疫霉病、酸腐病引起的果皮褐变,在树上或者采后果实腐烂不同,这种新病害主要为害幼果,果实长至蚕豆大小时,发病果实的外果皮局部颜色变暗,剖开后变暗部位内果皮发生不规则褐变,果实不再膨大,形成无肉僵果,命名为无核荔枝僵果病。该病害仅导致幼果发育停止、内果皮呈灰褐色,褐变位置多发生在果实纵茎中间位置,较少发生在果柄和果顶端部位,这种蚕豆大小的僵果一直维持到果实成熟期不腐烂,果皮比正常果实提前3~7 d变红。如果并蒂双生无核荔枝果实中有1个果实发生这种病害,其经济价值将显著降低。2019—2021年本课题组调查该病害的发病率在5%~15%之间,严重影响并蒂双生果实的生产,造成严重的经济损失。该病害的症状与GAO等[4]报道的桂花香荔枝变红镰刀菌(Fusarium incarnatum)果腐病的症状相似,不同的是变红镰刀菌果腐病的症状为果实外观无明显病变表现,近果柄处果皮变硬,剖开后内果皮果柄周围呈灰褐色褐变,发病部位在果柄处或近果柄处居多,变红镰刀菌果腐病不影响桂花香荔枝果肉的正常生长和食用品质,果实可以正常成熟。而目前国内外均未见无核荔枝僵果病的报道。本研究对无核荔枝僵果病的病原菌进行分离、鉴定,并研究其入侵途径和分子快速检测、诊断技术,为该病的鉴别和高效防治提供技术支撑。
无核荔枝果实(感病果实和健康果实)采自海南澄迈无核荔枝基地。
采回感病无核荔枝果实后,参照胡美姣等[5]的方法进行病原菌分离。从PDA培养分离物中挑取菌丝置于28 ℃恒温条件下培养2~3 d,长出菌丝后在菌落边缘用无菌镊子剪取形态单一的小菌丝块接种至PDA培养基进行纯化。培养6 d待菌落长出孢子后采用标记法获得单孢分离物,用于后续致病性试验、病菌鉴定和检测等研究。
致病力测定方法参考胡美姣等[6]的方法,选取果实纵经约1 cm,大小一致(约花生米大小)的健康果实,采用无刺伤接种和昆虫针刺伤果面接种2种方式。用打孔器将培养7 d的单孢分离菌株PDA培养基打成直径为5 mm的菌饼,菌丝一面贴到荔枝果皮上,用脱脂棉保湿,24 h后去除脱脂棉,每个菌株接种12个果实,3 d后统计发病情况,共接种64株单孢分离物,以空白PDA培养基琼脂饼为对照(CK)。
(1)形态学鉴定。培养7 d后,在徕卡生物显微镜下观察病原菌分生孢子和产孢结构,根据形态学进行病原菌鉴定。(2)分子鉴定。使用CATB法提取病原菌DNA[7],进行ITS、RPB2、EF-1α扩增。ITS扩增引物序列参照WHITE等[8]设计的真菌rDNA-ITS序列,PCR条件参考胡美姣等[5]的方法。RPB2、EF-1α基因的引物序列及PCR条件参照WANG等[9]的方法。凝胶电泳检验合格后将产物送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序,基于ITS测序结果在NCBI上进行比对,确定病原菌的属,再从NCBI上下载相关属种的序列及外群序列,基于RPB2、EF-1α构建系统发育树,确认病原菌的生物学种类[10]
田间幼果经农事活动碰伤、自然风力较大擦伤以及昆虫口器刺伤等伤害后,果皮受伤部位会流出明显的黑色汁液。选取纵径为10 mm的3串健康果实,每串4个果实,共12个流黑汁的果实进行侵入途径试验。接种方法和发病统计同1.2.2。以15 cm×20 cm大小的纱网套住果穗,每个纱网放入5只荔枝蝽,24 h后选择果皮变黑的果实接种病原菌,以表面无损伤的果皮接种病原菌为对照(CK),探究病原菌的侵染途径。
以伯氏镰刀菌和分离获得的其他镰刀菌属真菌基因组DNA为模板,利用镰刀菌属通用引物TUB2F/TUB2R对其进行PCR扩增,PCR产物委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行纯化和测序。根据测序获得的序列信息,采用MEGA 11软件进行序列比对,找到伯氏镰刀菌和其他镰刀菌基因序列的差异性位点,利用NCBI设计检测伯氏镰刀菌的特异性引物序列,选用契合度最高的一对引物F1D/R1D进行PCR扩增,根据凝胶电泳结果判断引物的特异性。引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。为了进一步鉴定筛选获得的伯氏镰刀菌检测引物的特异性,以分离获得的所有菌株为测试对象,进行PCR检测,根据凝胶电泳结果判断引物的特异性;从盛花期后第10天开始取样(不同生长期共取9次样,编号为1~9),每个时期取样18个单果,表面经75%酒精消毒30 s,用灭菌滤纸吸干水分,单果包装置于–80 ℃保存备用。以不同时期的单果DNA为检测目标进行PCR检测,使用Plant Genomic DNA Kit试剂盒[天根生化科技(北京)有限公司]进行果实DNA的提取,根据扩增结果判断病原菌入侵情况。
试验数据采用Excel软件进行统计分析,用SAS 9.1软件进行差异显著性分析(P<0.05)。
从发病无核荔枝果实中分离获得64株菌株,根据形态特征分为14种,每种菌株接种1株,所有菌株均未能侵染无刺伤果实,导致刺伤果实发病的共有8株,分为3个种类,菌株编号分别为SLZ-1-2、02、32。其中致病性最强的病原菌株为SLZ-1-2,发病症状与自然发病果实症状一致(图1)。从刺伤接种发病果实中,再次分离获得的菌株与SLZ-1-2一致,表明菌株SLZ-1-2为本研究的主要致病菌。
病原菌菌株SLZ-1-2在PDA平板培养基上生长的菌丝密集,气生菌丝呈淡黄色,菌落背面呈淡棕色(图2)。分生孢子的形态呈镰刀型,整体稍弯曲,1~5个分隔。根据培养特征和形态特征,鉴定该病原菌为镰刀菌(Fusarium)。
将病原菌菌株SLZ-1-2的RPB2TEF1序列与GenBank中下载的27个菌株的相关基因序列进行同源性比对,以PhyloSuite进行拼接,用Cipres以伯氏镰刀菌(F. pernambucanum)为外群构建系统发育树(图3)。本研究致病菌株SLZ-1-2与伯氏镰刀菌以100%的高支持率聚为一支,支持形态学鉴定结果,因此,基于形态学和分子生物学特征,将该致病菌株鉴定为伯氏镰刀菌(F. pernambucanum)。
在田间无刺伤接种病原菌时,果实不发病,机械损伤接种后发病率为92.24%;刺吸式害虫为害后,发病率为82.27%(图4)。因此,无核荔枝果实表面出现损伤时病原菌能入侵致病。
用F1D(5′-CCTGGCAGGAGTGATGAAAC-3′)/R1D(5′-AATCAGACCGGTCAGTGCGT-3′)对伯氏镰刀菌和分离获得的其他镰刀菌属真菌及非镰刀菌属真菌进行PCR扩增以验证引物的特异性,结果表明,仅伯氏镰刀菌基因组DNA可以扩增出1条220 bp左右的特异性片段,与预期目标条带大小一致,而从无核荔枝上分离供试的3种镰刀菌属真菌和其他非镰刀菌属真菌无目的条带出现,CK也无目的条带出现(图5图6),试验结果验证了该对引物的特异性,可用于田间检测病原菌。
在田间随机采集无核荔枝僵果果实,利用特异性引物F1D/R1D对其进行PCR扩增,结果显示,僵果均可以扩增出目标条带,而CK无条带产生。说明该特异性引物可以用于生产中无核荔枝僵果病病原菌及病果的快速检测(图7)。
表1可以看出,无核荔枝幼果期带菌率较高,特别是果实纵径小于10 mm时,果实带菌率比较高,随着荔枝果实的生长,果实角质层逐渐增厚,带菌率逐渐降低。分别以田间随机采集的果实和伯氏镰刀菌基因组DNA为模板,利用特异性引物F1D/R1D对其进行PCR扩增,结果显示,部分无症状幼果可以扩增出目标条带,其中以果实纵径为3.2~4.8 mm时期检出率最高,说明此阶段为病原菌的主要入侵时期,果实大于9.8 mm后,病原菌入侵逐渐降低。
镰刀菌属真菌病害是造成植物发生病害的主要病原之一,如枯萎、腐烂和枯死[11-15]。OMAR等[16]报道了由伯氏镰刀菌(F. pernambucanum)引起的马来西亚芒果叶斑病。GUO等[17]报道了由伯氏镰刀菌引起的我国芒果的叶斑病。ZHANG等[18]报道了由伯氏镰刀菌引起的甜瓜僵果病,发病部位呈灰褐色、水渍状,发病后期可导致整个果实腐烂,果实表面布满白色至玫瑰红色的霉层。LU等[19]报道了由伯氏镰刀菌引起的李叶枯病,发病叶片边缘或尖端出现不规则的棕色斑点,发病后期,整个叶片枯萎褐变、卷曲或脱落。本研究发现引起无核荔枝的新型僵果病的病原菌为伯氏镰刀菌。该病原菌主要为害幼果,发病时幼果果实外观无明显变化,但无核荔枝完成疏果后,果实长至蚕豆大小时,发病果实的外果皮变暗,剖开后内果皮发生不规则褐变,果实不再膨大,形成僵果。
GUO等[17]的研究表明,由伯氏镰刀菌引起的芒果叶斑病在叶片表面存在伤口时才能入侵致病。本研究中也发现,通过农事操作,如打药、施肥等人工擦伤,大风后机械摩擦损伤,荔枝蝽为害等方式,在荔枝果实表面造成伤口时,伯氏镰刀菌则入侵致病,果皮无伤口时不致病。经过全面的田间调查,未发现该病原菌为害无核荔枝的嫩梢和叶片。
分子检测技术以其高效、灵敏、简便的特点,已广泛应用于植物病害的检测[20]。李亭潞等[21]利用环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术建立了荔枝霜疫霉和炭疽病的快速检测技术。而利用PCR或qPCR(quantitative real-time PCR)技术可检测到的植物病原已达50余种[22]。本研究根据伯氏镰刀菌的序列信息,利用MEGA 11软件与其他镰刀菌进行序列比对,找到差异性位点,合成引物F1D/R1D进行PCR扩增,对带致病菌果实的检测率达到100%。
无核荔枝是海南本地选育的优良品种,其独特的品质和生产模式,以及高价值的经济效益已经成为海南重要的农产品地理标志产品。无核荔枝新型僵果病果实的果皮受伤后,由伯氏镰刀菌入侵为害,该菌主要通过农事操作、风、刺吸口器昆虫造成荔枝果皮伤口后侵入感染,果实纵径为3.2~4.8 mm时为病原菌的主要入侵时期。本研究建立的无核荔枝僵果病的快速检测方法,不仅灵敏度高,能区分其他属病原菌,也能区分亲缘关系较近的镰刀菌属真菌。可为僵果病的早期预防,遏制病害的发生和传播提供技术保障。但该病原菌是否为害叶片,以及是否入侵如蒂蛀虫等其他因素造成的幼果伤口有待进一步研究。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD10001003)
  • 海南省自然科学基金引进人才项目(2019RC272)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-32-20)
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.017
  • 接收时间:2022-02-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-02
  • 修回日期:2022-11-03
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD10001003)
海南省自然科学基金引进人才项目(2019RC272)
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-32-20)
作者信息
    1.海南大学植物保护学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101

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* 高兆银(GAO Zhaoyin),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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