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Article(id=1276222388182323602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661875200000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-31, revisedDate=1666627200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782204728408, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782204728408, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782204728408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782204728408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276222165401866613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='442', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1708790400000', pubDateStr='2024-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782204675293, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782206804468, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=424, endPage=434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276222388429787540, articleId=1276222388182323602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Seed Plant Flora and Distribution on Five Uninhabited Islands in Lianjiang, Fujian Province, columnId=1236318328365577171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Agricultural Ecology & Environmental Protection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang was researched in detail to plant resources by the methods of surveying typical sampling plots and transect lines. According to field investigation data and literature review, statistical analysis of the species composition of seed plants, distribution area types and ecological types by using floristic geography principle, then compared with the similarity coefficients of genura and geographic composition of the genura of seed plants in different regions, and explored the similarity of vascular plant species among the five uninhabited islands and the relationship with island spatial characteristics. The wild seed plants represented by 190 species, belonging to 165 genera in 64 families. The dominant families were Compositae and Poaceae. It was obvious that the plurimotypic families and larger families in terms of the numbers of genura and species in a dominant position, meanwhile in terms of the numbers of families, dominated by oligotypic families and monotypic families. Herbaceous (55.94%) and shrubs (23.27%) preponderated in the life form, trees and vines were at a disadvantage in terms of number, only accounted for 13.86% and 6.93% respectively. The floristic composition was intricate and varied, and in terms of tropical distribution type, with a high proportion of the family and genus levels, accounted for 90.24% and 68.03% respectively, among them the pan-tropical species accounted for 75.62% and 36.05% respectively, the temperate component only accounted for 9.76% and 31.97% respectively, the R/T values of tropical to temperate family was 9.25 while of genus was 2.13, showing that seed plant flora in the five uninhabited islands were of tropical and sub-tropical types, consistent with the subtropical geography of the islands, transitional from tropical to subtropical. In terms of geographical relationship, compared with the seed flora of four regions from south to north in China, the flora was closely related to six uninhabited islands in Pingtan with similar latitudes, the similarity coefficients of genura was 71.32%. The R/T value of five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang was 2.13, which was lower than that of the uninhabited islands in the nearshore Xiamen (4.23) and the six uninhabited islands in Pingtan (2.58), and higher than that of the five nonresidential coastal islands in Zhejiang (1.11) and the nine uninhabited islands in the Bohai Sea area (0.66). With the increase of latitude, there was a growing tendency on the temperate component at genus-level, while the tropical component was contrary to the former, and the larger the R/T value, the stronger the tropical nature. In terms of flora similarity, the similarities of species between each of the five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang were low, correlation analysis showed that similarity of vascular plant species among different islands was influenced by island edge and habitat diversity. As a whole, the plant species of the seed flora were diverse with a tropical and subtropical transitional nature, ancient plants were abundant, it was consistent with its geographic characteristics of the transition zone between the pan-arctic and palaeotropial flora.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yuelin CHEN, Aqing HUANG, Jihong XIAO, Fang WANG, Chuanyuan DENG, Lingyan CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lingyan CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276222390652768666, articleId=1276222388182323602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=福建连江县5个无居民海岛种子植物区系及地理分布研究, columnId=1236292523270918153, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=农业生态与环境保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采取样线法和样方法调查相结合的技术路线，对连江5个无居民海岛的植物资源现状进行详细踏勘，根据所获得的实地调研数据以及对文献资料的查阅，运用植物区系地理学，对研究地的种子植物区系物种组成、科-属的分布区类型、分布生境类型等进行统计整理，与不同地区无居民海岛种子植物属的相似性系数和属的地理成分进行对比，并探讨5个无居民海岛之间维管束植物物种相似度以及与岛屿空间特征参数的关系。结果表明：（1）连江5个无居民海岛共有野生种子植物190种，隶属于64科165属；该种子植物区系的数量优势科为菊科、禾本科，大科、较大科、属种优势明显，寡种科、仅含1种的科数量多。生活型以草本（55.94%）和灌木（23.27%）居多，乔木和藤本数量不占优势，分别仅占13.86%和6.93%。（2）区系组成繁杂多样，在科、属水平上均以热带分布类型为首要，分别为90.24%、68.03%，其中泛热带分布分别占科、属的75.62%、36.05%，科级的温带类型只有9.76%，属级占31.97%，热带类型科-属与温带类型科-属的R/T值分别为9.25和2.13，表明连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系主体为热带、亚热带成分，与其亚热带地理特点相符，呈热带至亚热带过渡特征。（3）地缘关系上，将连江5个无居民海岛与中国从南往北4个不同地区无居民海岛种子植物区系对比，连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系在属相似性上与纬度相近的平潭6个无居民海岛最相似，属相似性系数为71.32%。连江5个无居民海岛属的R/T值为2.13，低于厦门近岸海域无居民海岛（4.23）和平潭6个无居民海岛（2.58），高于浙江沿海5个无居民海岛（1.11）和渤海区9个无居民海岛（0.66），温带分布型所占比例随着纬度增大呈现逐渐递增的趋势，热带分布型占比在缩小，体现了海岛植物区系地理成分的纬向分异性，R/T值越大，热带性质越强。（4）物种相似性上，5个无居民海岛间植物物种相似度较低，岛屿空间特征参数的相关性分析表明，无居民海岛相似性受岛屿边缘效应和生境多样性二者的影响。总体上，连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系植物种类多样，古老植物丰富，呈热带、亚热带过渡性质，与其泛北极植物区与古热带植物区过渡地带的地理特征相符。

, authors=

陈越琳（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：海岛植物资源应用。

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* 陈凌艳（CHEN Lingyan），E-mail：。
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陈越琳（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：海岛植物资源应用。

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陈越琳（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：海岛植物资源应用。

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Wild vascular plants diversity on five islands, Dalian[J]. Journal of Liaoning University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 42(4): 372-377. 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On the revision of the Island Protection Law from the perspective of ecological civilization construction[J]. Cross-strait Legal Science, 2019, 21(1): 11. (in Chinese), articleTitle=On the revision of the Island Protection Law from the perspective of ecological civilization construction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276558471873032352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, awardId=2018Y3006, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省区域发展科技计划项目(2018Y3006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276558472032415905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, awardId=CXZX2019086, language=CN, fundingSource=福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2019086), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276558472103719074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, awardId=KTP19186A, language=CN, fundingSource=2019年度福建省科技特派员工作经费项目(KTP19186A), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276558446862397534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558446870786143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, companyId=1276558446862397534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558446879174752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, companyId=1276558446862397534, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=福建农林大学园林学院，福建福州　350002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276558464109375629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Geographical location of five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang, figureFileSmall=x1GoDaP7oFXgt46YLupQTg==, figureFileBig=eJfIDLRu64TqUARYz4aCdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558464499445902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=图1, caption=连江5个无居民海岛区位图, figureFileSmall=x1GoDaP7oFXgt46YLupQTg==, figureFileBig=eJfIDLRu64TqUARYz4aCdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558464969207951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Ratio stacking of R/T in different regions, figureFileSmall=d9eATAIDNxTZKGLs9epzmw==, figureFileBig=EkL2Wqjfwcdp5SsDJ4VxRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558465317335184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同地区R/T比例堆积图, figureFileSmall=d9eATAIDNxTZKGLs9epzmw==, figureFileBig=EkL2Wqjfwcdp5SsDJ4VxRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558465401221265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Basic information of five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岛屿名称Island name面积Area/hm2距大陆距离Distance to the mainland/km岸线长Coastline length/km海拔Altitude/m周长/面积Perimeter area ratio物种丰富度Species richness生境类型数No. of habitat types
目屿岛15.983.532.6561.300.017954
兀屿12.240.751.7049.000.019944
虎橱岛10.954.791.5747.100.032883
黄湾屿7.031.191.3828.300.025793
蛤沙青屿1.080.690.4424.700.040372
), ArticleFig(id=1276558465489301650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岛屿名称Island name面积Area/hm2距大陆距离Distance to the mainland/km岸线长Coastline length/km海拔Altitude/m周长/面积Perimeter area ratio物种丰富度Species richness生境类型数No. of habitat types
目屿岛15.983.532.6561.300.017954
兀屿12.240.751.7049.000.019944
虎橱岛10.954.791.5747.100.032883
黄湾屿7.031.191.3828.300.025793
蛤沙青屿1.080.690.4424.700.040372
), ArticleFig(id=1276558465740959891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Number and percentage of families, genera and species of vascular plants on five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物分类群Plant taxon纲Class科数（占比）Families (percentage/%)属数（占比）Genera (percentage/%)种数（占比）Species (percentage/%)
蕨类植物门9 (12.33%)11 (6.25%)12 (5.94%)
裸子植物亚门1 (1.37%)1 (0.57%)2 (0.99%)
被子植物亚门双子叶植物纲55 (75.34%)131 (74.43%)154 (76.24%)
单子叶植物纲8 (10.96%)33 (18.75%)34 (16.83%)
合计73 (100%)176 (100%)202 (100%)
), ArticleFig(id=1276558467435458708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛维管束植物科、属、种数量及比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物分类群Plant taxon纲Class科数（占比）Families (percentage/%)属数（占比）Genera (percentage/%)种数（占比）Species (percentage/%)
蕨类植物门9 (12.33%)11 (6.25%)12 (5.94%)
裸子植物亚门1 (1.37%)1 (0.57%)2 (0.99%)
被子植物亚门双子叶植物纲55 (75.34%)131 (74.43%)154 (76.24%)
单子叶植物纲8 (10.96%)33 (18.75%)34 (16.83%)
合计73 (100%)176 (100%)202 (100%)
), ArticleFig(id=1276558467884249237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Statistics of the family on five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
科级（种数）Rank (species)科数Families占比Percentage/%属数Genera占比Percentage/%种数Species占比Percentage/%种数前5位的科Families of top 5 species
大科（≥10种）22.744324.434723.27菊科（28种）、禾本科（19种）
较大科（5~9种）1013.705028.416331.19大戟科（8种）、蝶形花科（7种）、蔷薇科（7种）、马鞭草科（7种）、旋花科（6种）
寡种科（2~4种）2027.404223.865125.25榆科（4种）、蓼科（4种）、藜科（4种）、防己科（4种）、芸香科（3种）
单种科（1种）4156.164123.304120.29酢浆草科（1种）、紫茉莉科（1种）、紫金牛科（1种）、紫草科（1种）、杨梅科（1种）
合计73100176100202100
), ArticleFig(id=1276558468362399894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛科级分类统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
科级（种数）Rank (species)科数Families占比Percentage/%属数Genera占比Percentage/%种数Species占比Percentage/%种数前5位的科Families of top 5 species
大科（≥10种）22.744324.434723.27菊科（28种）、禾本科（19种）
较大科（5~9种）1013.705028.416331.19大戟科（8种）、蝶形花科（7种）、蔷薇科（7种）、马鞭草科（7种）、旋花科（6种）
寡种科（2~4种）2027.404223.865125.25榆科（4种）、蓼科（4种）、藜科（4种）、防己科（4种）、芸香科（3种）
单种科（1种）4156.164123.304120.29酢浆草科（1种）、紫茉莉科（1种）、紫金牛科（1种）、紫草科（1种）、杨梅科（1种）
合计73100176100202100
), ArticleFig(id=1276558468689555607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Distribution pattern statistics of vascular plants families and genera on five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分布区类型及其变型Distribution types and variants科Families属Genera
数量Number占比Percentage/%数量Number占比Percentage/%
1世界分布2318
2泛热带分布2560.985034.01
2-1热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲间断12.44
2-2热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断12.4432.04
2S以南半球为主的泛热带分布e49.76
3热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布37.32117.48
4旧世界热带分布12.44106.80
4-1热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断21.36
5热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布24.88106.80
6热带亚洲至热带非洲分布64.08
7热带亚洲分布85.44
热带分布小计3790.2410068.03
8北温带分布37.321711.56
8-4北温带和南温带间断分布12.4432.04
9东亚和北美间断分布64.08
10旧世界温带分布64.08
10-3欧亚和南非洲间断分布21.36
11温带亚洲分布10.68
14东亚分布74.76
14SH中国-喜马拉雅分布10.68
14SJ中国-日本分布42.72
温带分布小计49.764731.97
合计64100.00165100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276558468786024600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛种子植物科和属的分布区类型统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分布区类型及其变型Distribution types and variants科Families属Genera
数量Number占比Percentage/%数量Number占比Percentage/%
1世界分布2318
2泛热带分布2560.985034.01
2-1热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲间断12.44
2-2热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断12.4432.04
2S以南半球为主的泛热带分布e49.76
3热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布37.32117.48
4旧世界热带分布12.44106.80
4-1热带亚洲、非洲和大洋洲间断21.36
5热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布24.88106.80
6热带亚洲至热带非洲分布64.08
7热带亚洲分布85.44
热带分布小计3790.2410068.03
8北温带分布37.321711.56
8-4北温带和南温带间断分布12.4432.04
9东亚和北美间断分布64.08
10旧世界温带分布64.08
10-3欧亚和南非洲间断分布21.36
11温带亚洲分布10.68
14东亚分布74.76
14SH中国-喜马拉雅分布10.68
14SJ中国-日本分布42.72
温带分布小计49.764731.97
合计64100.00165100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276558469163511961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Similarity coefficients of genus among five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang and different regions of islands

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区Region其他地区属数Number of genera of others连江岛屿属数Number of genera in Lianjiang islands共有属数Number of common genusCs/%
厦门2521479564.62
平潭1291479271.32
浙江1351477555.56
渤海区851472630.59
), ArticleFig(id=1276558469503250586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛与不同地区海岛种子植物区系属的相似性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区Region其他地区属数Number of genera of others连江岛屿属数Number of genera in Lianjiang islands共有属数Number of common genusCs/%
厦门2521479564.62
平潭1291479271.32
浙江1351477555.56
渤海区851472630.59
), ArticleFig(id=1276558469574553755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Comparison of distribution types of seed flora and genera among five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang and different regions of islands

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分布区类型Distribution types连江Lianjiang厦门Xiamen浙江Zhejiang平潭Pingtan渤海区Bohai sea
属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%
11810.91269.351912.342114.001716.67
25336.058232.543727.415945.742124.71
3117.483313.1021.4853.86
4128.16249.52118.151410.8544.71
5106.80259.9285.93107.7522.35
664.08197.5485.9332.3333.53
785.44207.9453.7021.0133.53
热带小计10068.0320380.567152.599372.093338.82
82013.60228.733626.671310.082630.59
964.0893.5775.1975.4355.88
1085.4462.3875.1975.4389.41
1110.6810.7455.88
1210.4022.35
13
14128.16103.97139.6396.9844.71
温带小计4731.974819.046447.413627.915058.82
1510.4022.35
R/T2.134.231.112.580.66
合计165100278 100154100150 100102100
), ArticleFig(id=1276558469641662620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

连江5个无居民海岛与不同地区海岛种子植物区系属的分布区类型比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分布区类型Distribution types连江Lianjiang厦门Xiamen浙江Zhejiang平潭Pingtan渤海区Bohai sea
属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%属数Genera占比Percent age/%
11810.91269.351912.342114.001716.67
25336.058232.543727.415945.742124.71
3117.483313.1021.4853.86
4128.16249.52118.151410.8544.71
5106.80259.9285.93107.7522.35
664.08197.5485.9332.3333.53
785.44207.9453.7021.0133.53
热带小计10068.0320380.567152.599372.093338.82
82013.60228.733626.671310.082630.59
964.0893.5775.1975.4355.88
1085.4462.3875.1975.4389.41
1110.6810.7455.88
1210.4022.35
13
14128.16103.97139.6396.9844.71
温带小计4731.974819.046447.413627.915058.82
1510.4022.35
R/T2.134.231.112.580.66
合计165100278 100154100150 100102100
), ArticleFig(id=1276558469759103133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Similarity coefficients of plant genera and species among different five uninhabited islands

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岛屿Island相似性系数Similarity coefficient/%
目屿岛Muyu Island兀屿Wuyu虎橱岛Tiger Cabinet Island黄湾屿Huangwan Islet蛤沙青屿Hasha Lantau
目屿岛0.330.380.280.21
兀屿0.550.260.280.14
虎橱岛0.660.450.340.25
黄湾屿0.540.520.590.23
蛤沙青屿0.730.580.690.65
), ArticleFig(id=1276558470010761374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222388182323602, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

5个无居民海岛间植物属、种相似性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岛屿Island相似性系数Similarity coefficient/%
目屿岛Muyu Island兀屿Wuyu虎橱岛Tiger Cabinet Island黄湾屿Huangwan Islet蛤沙青屿Hasha Lantau
目屿岛0.330.380.280.21
兀屿0.550.260.280.14
虎橱岛0.660.450.340.25
黄湾屿0.540.520.590.23
蛤沙青屿0.730.580.690.65
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福建连江县5个无居民海岛种子植物区系及地理分布研究
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陈越琳 , 黄阿青 , 肖集泓 , 王芳 , 邓传远 , 陈凌艳 *
热带作物学报 | 农业生态与环境保护 2024,45(2): 424-434
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热带作物学报 |农业生态与环境保护 2024 , 45 (2) : 424 -434
福建连江县5个无居民海岛种子植物区系及地理分布研究
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陈越琳, 黄阿青, 肖集泓, 王芳, 邓传远, 陈凌艳*
作者信息
  • 福建农林大学园林学院，福建福州　350002
通讯作者:
* 陈凌艳（CHEN Lingyan），E-mail：。
Seed Plant Flora and Distribution on Five Uninhabited Islands in Lianjiang, Fujian Province
Yuelin CHEN, Aqing HUANG, Jihong XIAO, Fang WANG, Chuanyuan DENG, Lingyan CHEN*
Affiliations
  • College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.022
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摘要
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本研究采取样线法和样方法调查相结合的技术路线，对连江5个无居民海岛的植物资源现状进行详细踏勘，根据所获得的实地调研数据以及对文献资料的查阅，运用植物区系地理学，对研究地的种子植物区系物种组成、科-属的分布区类型、分布生境类型等进行统计整理，与不同地区无居民海岛种子植物属的相似性系数和属的地理成分进行对比，并探讨5个无居民海岛之间维管束植物物种相似度以及与岛屿空间特征参数的关系。结果表明：（1）连江5个无居民海岛共有野生种子植物190种，隶属于64科165属；该种子植物区系的数量优势科为菊科、禾本科，大科、较大科、属种优势明显，寡种科、仅含1种的科数量多。生活型以草本（55.94%）和灌木（23.27%）居多，乔木和藤本数量不占优势，分别仅占13.86%和6.93%。（2）区系组成繁杂多样，在科、属水平上均以热带分布类型为首要，分别为90.24%、68.03%，其中泛热带分布分别占科、属的75.62%、36.05%，科级的温带类型只有9.76%，属级占31.97%，热带类型科-属与温带类型科-属的R/T值分别为9.25和2.13，表明连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系主体为热带、亚热带成分，与其亚热带地理特点相符，呈热带至亚热带过渡特征。（3）地缘关系上，将连江5个无居民海岛与中国从南往北4个不同地区无居民海岛种子植物区系对比，连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系在属相似性上与纬度相近的平潭6个无居民海岛最相似，属相似性系数为71.32%。连江5个无居民海岛属的R/T值为2.13，低于厦门近岸海域无居民海岛（4.23）和平潭6个无居民海岛（2.58），高于浙江沿海5个无居民海岛（1.11）和渤海区9个无居民海岛（0.66），温带分布型所占比例随着纬度增大呈现逐渐递增的趋势，热带分布型占比在缩小，体现了海岛植物区系地理成分的纬向分异性，R/T值越大，热带性质越强。（4）物种相似性上，5个无居民海岛间植物物种相似度较低，岛屿空间特征参数的相关性分析表明，无居民海岛相似性受岛屿边缘效应和生境多样性二者的影响。总体上，连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系植物种类多样，古老植物丰富，呈热带、亚热带过渡性质，与其泛北极植物区与古热带植物区过渡地带的地理特征相符。

植物区系  /  无居民海岛  /  种子植物  /  地理成分  /  连江

Five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang was researched in detail to plant resources by the methods of surveying typical sampling plots and transect lines. According to field investigation data and literature review, statistical analysis of the species composition of seed plants, distribution area types and ecological types by using floristic geography principle, then compared with the similarity coefficients of genura and geographic composition of the genura of seed plants in different regions, and explored the similarity of vascular plant species among the five uninhabited islands and the relationship with island spatial characteristics. The wild seed plants represented by 190 species, belonging to 165 genera in 64 families. The dominant families were Compositae and Poaceae. It was obvious that the plurimotypic families and larger families in terms of the numbers of genura and species in a dominant position, meanwhile in terms of the numbers of families, dominated by oligotypic families and monotypic families. Herbaceous (55.94%) and shrubs (23.27%) preponderated in the life form, trees and vines were at a disadvantage in terms of number, only accounted for 13.86% and 6.93% respectively. The floristic composition was intricate and varied, and in terms of tropical distribution type, with a high proportion of the family and genus levels, accounted for 90.24% and 68.03% respectively, among them the pan-tropical species accounted for 75.62% and 36.05% respectively, the temperate component only accounted for 9.76% and 31.97% respectively, the R/T values of tropical to temperate family was 9.25 while of genus was 2.13, showing that seed plant flora in the five uninhabited islands were of tropical and sub-tropical types, consistent with the subtropical geography of the islands, transitional from tropical to subtropical. In terms of geographical relationship, compared with the seed flora of four regions from south to north in China, the flora was closely related to six uninhabited islands in Pingtan with similar latitudes, the similarity coefficients of genura was 71.32%. The R/T value of five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang was 2.13, which was lower than that of the uninhabited islands in the nearshore Xiamen (4.23) and the six uninhabited islands in Pingtan (2.58), and higher than that of the five nonresidential coastal islands in Zhejiang (1.11) and the nine uninhabited islands in the Bohai Sea area (0.66). With the increase of latitude, there was a growing tendency on the temperate component at genus-level, while the tropical component was contrary to the former, and the larger the R/T value, the stronger the tropical nature. In terms of flora similarity, the similarities of species between each of the five uninhabited islands in Lianjiang were low, correlation analysis showed that similarity of vascular plant species among different islands was influenced by island edge and habitat diversity. As a whole, the plant species of the seed flora were diverse with a tropical and subtropical transitional nature, ancient plants were abundant, it was consistent with its geographic characteristics of the transition zone between the pan-arctic and palaeotropial flora.

flora  /  uninhabited islands  /  seed plant  /  geographical elements  /  Lianjiang county
陈越琳, 黄阿青, 肖集泓, 王芳, 邓传远, 陈凌艳. 福建连江县5个无居民海岛种子植物区系及地理分布研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (2) : 424 -434 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.022
Yuelin CHEN, Aqing HUANG, Jihong XIAO, Fang WANG, Chuanyuan DENG, Lingyan CHEN. Seed Plant Flora and Distribution on Five Uninhabited Islands in Lianjiang, Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (2) : 424 -434 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.022
正文
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无人岛是指没有注册居民居住的岛屿[1]，与大陆相隔甚远，受人类活动影响相对较少。由于特殊位置、有限区域和孤立空间等岛屿生态特殊性，无居民海岛为独特的生物资源提供了良好的栖息地，是生态系统研究的天然实验室，其生物多样性尤其宝贵[2]。植物区系是植物界在一定的自然地理条件和历史环境中发展演化的结果[3]，研究无居民海岛的植物区系及地理分布，分析其资源量和发展空间，在抑制海岛生态系统退化、支撑沿海经济社会发展方面发挥着重要作用，尤其符合近几年国家倡导的无居民海岛生态系统保护、修复及对资源的合理利用。近年来，国内对无人岛植被的相关研究日渐丰富，如肖兰等[4]对厦门近岸海域无居民海岛的植物区系和物种组成相似性进行调查，张凯迪等[5]对浙江沿海5个无居民海岛植物群落物种组成及多样性进行了探讨，郑建忠[6]对平潭6个无居民海岛的植物群落特征及相关环境因子的影响进行了研究。这些研究多集中在对无居民海岛其自身植被资源和群落多样性特征的调查上，尚无对植物区系及与其他地区无人岛植物区系地理特征的比较研究。
目前对连江5个无居民海岛的研究多集中在植物功能性状及外来物种入侵研究[7]、野生观赏植物资源调查研究[8]、海岛植物园林应用价值[9-10]等，尚无有关连江无居民海岛植物区系地理成分组成、与不同海岛植物区系的对比、无居民海岛之间物种相似性比较的相关研究。填补其区系类型组成、特征的空缺，有助于为海岛生态资源的抚育或规划保护提供重要基础依据。本研究基于野外实地调研以及对前人文献资料的查阅，将连江5个无居民海岛的种子植物物种组成、科-属的分布区类型等进行统计整理，并与不同地区无居民海岛（平潭6个无居民海岛、厦门近岸海域无居民海岛、浙江沿海5个无居民海岛、渤海区9个无居民海岛[11]）种子植物属的相似性系数和属的地理成分进行对比，探讨连江5个无居民海岛之间植物物种相似性与岛屿空间特征参数的关系，旨在丰富连江无居民海岛种子植物区系的基础资料，探究该区域种子植物区系组成、地理分布，为保护海岛特色植物群落、促进海岛生态规划建设、发挥海岛植被的生态服务功能、创建海岛良好生态环境提供参考。
1　研究区与研究方法
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1.1　研究区概况
连江县地处福建省东部，隶属福州市，介于26°07′~26°27′N，119°17′~120°31′E之间。总长达238.2 km，其中岛屿海岸线长20.1 km，县域面积4280 km2，其中海域面积达3112 km2，海域面积宽广，潮间带发育好[12]。连江县属于中亚热带海洋性季风气候，温热潮湿，降水丰沛，年平均气温为16.7~19.4 ℃，年降水量为1000~1740 mm，7—9月为台风季，占年降水量的81.3%，年平均风速1.9 m/s。岛屿土壤属华南红壤、砖红壤区，土壤母质是中酸性的侵入岩和火山岩的风化物，有机质少，保肥性弱。本研究将海岛卫星地图、交通可达性、森林覆盖率等作为考量，规划合理可行的调查路线，路线布设覆盖了不同类型生境。选取目屿岛、兀屿、虎橱岛、黄湾屿、蛤沙青屿5个无居民海岛进行研究（图1），各岛概况见表1。
1.2　调查对象及方法
主要采用样方法结合样线记录法进行整岛踏勘，调查记录对象主要为各维管束植物的物种组成及分布生境。样方法设置乔木群落样方面积为20 m×20 m，于四角设置4个5 m×5 m的灌木样方，草本样方为1 m×1 m，根据岛屿地形、影像图以及可达性等，每座海岛各设置环形样线和2条交叉的“十”字样线，每座海岛3条样线，均采用可变样线长度法进行全岛调查，样线长度取决于岛的面积大小，共计15条，于样线宽度10 m范围进行植物调查。现场拍照记录，存疑种采集标本带回鉴定。各植物物种参照《福建植物志》[13]、《中国植物志》[14]、植物智网站平台（http://www.iplant.cn/）进行鉴定和分类。种子植物区系研究的对象为连江5个无居民海岛野生状态下随机分布和自然生长的种子植物，参考吴征镒等[15]《中国被子植物科属综论》对种子植物的科属进行鉴定，结合吴征镒[16-17]《世界种子科的分布区类型系统》《中国种子植物属的分布区类型》的划分方案，对连江5个无居民海岛的科、属的区系分区类型、地理成分进行划分统计。
1.3　数据处理
采用Jaccard系数（Cj）计算连江5个无居民海岛之间的种相似性，Szymkiewicz系数（Cs）[18]计算连江5个无居民海岛种子植物与不同地区海岛种子植物间的属相似性以及5个无居民海岛之间的属相似性。采用Origin 2018软件绘制R/T百分比堆积图。
根据从自然资源部海岛研究中心平台获取的海岛资料，选取了岛屿面积（A）、岸线长度（Per）、距大陆距离（I）、最高点海拔（E）、周长面积比（PAR）、形状指数（SI），考虑到海岛特殊性，根据实地调查的情况引入生境类型数（H），对调查岛屿的空间特征进行描述。将海岛的空间特征参数两两对比，计算其面积比（δA）、岸线长度比（δPer）、与大陆距离比（δI）、最大高程比（δE）、周长/面积的比值（δPAR）、生境类型数之比（δH）、形状指数比（δSI），为分析影响海岛物种相似度的研究提供空间指标。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　物种组成
根据调查数据统计得出，连江5个无居民海岛共有维管束植物202种，隶属于73科176属（不含栽培种和逸生种），去除蕨类植物9科11属12种，种子植物共有64科165属190种，分别占福建省种子植物科、属、种总数[19]的34.41%、14.32%、5.69%。裸子植物数量单一，仅为1科1属2种，被子植物63科164属188种，其中单子叶植物8科33属34种，双子叶植物55科131属154种（表2）。由此可见，被子植物为该区域中最占优势的植物类群，其中双子叶植物的种类最多。按生活型进行分类统计，草本的数量最多，为113种，占总种数的55.94%；其次为灌木47种，占总种数的23.27%；乔木和藤本数量不占优势，为28种和14种，分别占13.86%和6.93%。
2.2　区系中的优势科
优势科在一定程度上能反映该植物区系的发生特征和植物组成，揭示该区系的起源意义。根据科所含种的数量进行级别划分，结果如表3所示。该地种子植物区系中，大科（≥10种）只有2个，仅占该地维管植物科数的2.74%，分别是菊科（Asteraceae）、禾本科（Poaceae），为该区域的数量优势科。菊科为种数最多的科。较大科（5~9种）有10个，占13.70%；寡种科（2~4种）有20个，占27.40%；单种科（1种）数量最多，有41个，占该区域的56.16%。结果表明，大科和较大科虽只有12个（16.44%），但所含属、种数分别占据该植物区系比例的52.84%、54.46%，达到区系属、种数量的一半以上[20]，表明该区系的植物种类偏向于数量较少的大科与较大科中，植物区系具有明显的优势现象。寡种科所含属、种比例分别为23.86%、25.25%；只含1种的科在科级水平上虽占有56.16%的较大比重，但在属、种水平上只占23.30%、20.29%，表明寡种科和仅含1种的科构成该植物区系科级组成的主体成分，也体现了该植物区系的多样性和复杂性[7]。
2.3　连江5个无居民海岛种子植物科、属的区系组成
2.3.1　科的地理成分分析
连江5个无居民海岛种子植物共64科，有6个分布区类型及4个变型（表4）。其中世界广布科23个（不算入比例中），占总科数的35.94%，基本涵盖了该区域数量上占优势的科如菊科、禾本科、蝶形花科（Papilionaceae）、蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、旋花科（Convolvulaceae）、桑科（Moraceae）等。
连江5个无居民海岛热带分布类型（2~7型）的科有37个，占非世界广布科的90.24%；温带分布类型（8~14型）的科仅有4科，占非世界广布科的9.76%，R/T值为9.25。由此可见，在科水平上，该区系热带性质明显。热带分布类型的科中，泛热带分布及其变型的科有31个，占非世界广布科的75.62%，排在最前，其中科所含种数靠前的有大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）8种、荨麻科（Urticaceae）5种。热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布的有3科，为五加科（Araliaceae）、马鞭草科（Verbenaceae）、紫茉莉科（Nyctaginaceae）。旧世界热带分布仅有1科，为海桐花科（Pittosporaceae）。热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布有2科，为姜科（Zingiberaceae）、木麻黄科（Casuarinaceae）。温带分布类型仅有1种，即北温带分布及变型，包括松科（Pinaceae）、百合科（Liliaceae）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）、胡颓子科（Elaeagnaceae）。
2.3.2　属的地理成分分析
连江5个无居民海岛种子植物165属的地理成分可分成13个分布区类型及6个变型（表4）。世界分布属18个，如黍属（Panicum）、芦苇属（Phragmites）、酢浆草属（Oxalis）等。热带分布类型的属有100个，占非世界广布属的68.03%，温带分布类型的属有47个，占非世界广布属的31.97%，R/T值为2.13。热带分布类型的属中，以泛热带分布及其变型的属数量最大，多达53种，占非世界广布属的36.05%，如菝葜属（Smilax）、朴属（Celtis）、算盘子属（Glochidion）。其次是旧世界热带分布，为12属，如千金藤属（Stephania）、楝属（Melia）、天门冬属（Asparagus）等。热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布的有11属，如藿香蓟属（Ageratum）、雀梅藤属（Sageretia）、木姜子属（Litsea）等。热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布的有10属，如黑面神属（Breynia）、广防风属（Epimeredi）、桃金娘属（Rhodomyrtus）等。热带亚洲分布的有8属，如秋茄树属（Kandelia）、鸡矢藤属（Paederia）、柑橘属（Citrus）等。热带亚洲至热带非洲分布有6属，如一点红属（Emilia）、香茅属（Cymbopogon）、蓖麻属（Ricinus）等。温带分布类型则以北温带分布最多，为20属，如画眉草属（Eragrostis）、胡颓子属（Elaeagnus）、盐肤木属（Rhus）等。其次是东亚分布，有12属，如刚竹属（Phyllostachys）、山麦冬属（Liriope）、石斑木属（Rhaphiolepis）等。旧世界温带分布有8属，如石竹属（Dianthus）、飞廉属（Carduus）、硬骨草属（Holosteum）等。东亚和北美间断分布有6属，如络石属（Trachelospermum）、漆树属（Toxicodendron）、勾儿茶属（Berchemia）等。温带亚洲分布只有1属，即马兰属（Kalimeris）。从属水平看，该植物区系分布类型多样化，区系特征以热带性质为主，同时兼有温带性质，这与亚热带地区温热多湿的特点相符。该特征与连江所处地理位置有关联性。连江县位于北回归线北侧附近、中国东南部的大陆东岸，受海陆热力性质的差异，其所在地理位置和地形条件可形成东亚季风环流，使得降水丰富。
2.3.3　连江5个无居民海岛与其他海岛种子植物区系的比较
目前在植物区系地理学的比较研究中，不同地区植物区系之间的亲缘关系通常由共有的植物科、属、种相似性系数来反映[21-22]，作为衡量不同地区植物区系相似程度的数量指标[18]。选择厦门近岸海域无居民海岛（24°25′~24°35′N）、浙江沿海5个无居民海岛（28°12′~28°18′N）、平潭6个无居民海岛（25°15′~25°45′N）、渤海区9个无居民海岛（37°06′~40°55′N）等不同地区无居民海岛种子植物区系与连江5个无居民海岛进行属相似性比较，探讨该研究区与不同海岛植物区系的联系。由表5可知，连江5个无居民海岛与平潭6个无居民海岛种子植物属的相似性最高，Cs为71.32%，其次为厦门近岸海域无居民海岛和浙江沿海5个无居民海岛，分别为64.62%和55.56%，最低的是渤海区无居民海岛，只有30.59%。
将连江5个无居民海岛与以上地区海岛种子植物区系属的分布区类型进行比较（表6），R/T值大于3的只有厦门近岸海域无居民海岛（4.23），R/T值小于3当中较高的为平潭6个无居民海岛（2.58）和连江5个无居民海岛（2.13），较低的为浙江沿海5个无居民海岛（1.11）和渤海区9个无居民海岛（0.66）。研究岛屿均位于北回归线以北，且离北回归线越近，R/T值越大，热带性质越强，反之亦成立[23]。在属的热带分布类型中，厦门近岸海域无居民海岛、平潭6个无居民海岛和连江5个无居民海岛的旧世界热带分布比例及热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布比例均高于浙江沿海5个无居民海岛和渤海区9个无居民海岛，而后二者的北温带分布比例则远高于前三者，这也符合R/T值的排列顺序。将世界分布属和中国特有属排除后重新计算热带占比和温带占比，分别计算这些地区的R/T值。由图2可知，随着纬度的增大，温带分布型所占比例呈现逐渐递增的趋势，相反热带分布型占比逐渐缩小，这种现象与中国植被类型的分布规律相吻合[24]。
2.3.4　不同岛屿间植物物种相似度与空间特征关系
将连江5个无居民海岛两两配对，依照张镱锂[18]的相似性系数计算方法，分别得到10组岛屿维管束植物的属相似性系数与种相似性系数。由表7可知，5个海岛在种级水平上相似性程度均很低，分成3个层次，种的相似性系数大于0.30的有目屿岛和兀屿（0.33）、目屿岛和虎橱岛（0.38）、虎橱岛和黄湾屿（0.34），属于相似性程度较大的一级。第二梯队由相似性系数处于（0.25~0.30）区间的组成，有兀屿和虎橱岛（0.26）、黄湾屿和目屿岛、兀屿（均为0.28）、虎橱岛和蛤沙青屿（0.25），位居中列。最后一级居于蛤沙青屿和目屿岛、兀屿、黄湾屿的配对之间，相似性系数均小于0.25，分别为0.21、0.14、0.23。
在属级水平上，各个海岛之间相似性程度有了很大的提高，除兀屿和虎橱岛（0.45）之间相似性程度小于0.50外，其余都大于0.50，最高的是目屿岛和蛤沙青屿，高达0.73。Cs≥50.00%时，2个植物区系才为近缘植物区系[18]。说明兀屿和虎橱岛在属水平上差别较大。
蛤沙青屿与其余4岛的植被在种相似性水平上均较低，而在属相似性水平上呈现一个反转，有明显上升现象，其原因可能由于蛤沙青屿面积最小，植物种数远远少于其余4岛，且在属的方面其余4岛囊括了蛤沙青屿大部分的属。
从物种相似性系数Cj与岛屿空间特征所做的相关性分析可以看到，δA=-0.539，δPer=-0.510，δI=0.396，δE=-0.393，δPAR=0.839**，δH=-0.844**，δSI=-0.527。结果表明，Cj与周长面积的比值（δPAR）呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与生境类型数量之比（δH）呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与其他参数无显著相关性。
3　讨论
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3.1　连江5个无居民海岛种子植物区系特征
连江5个无居民海岛种子植物共有64科165属190种，植物种类多样，种子植物区系优势科为菊科、禾本科。由区系类型统计结果来看，连江5个无居民海岛种子植物64科区系成分分为6个分布区类型及4个变型，占世界种子植物科分布区类型的40.00%；165属区系成分分为13个分布区类型及6个变型，占中国种子植物属分布区类型的86.67%。属级成分占比高，同一属所含的种常具同一起源和相似的进化趋势[25]，分类学特征也相对稳定，表明该植物区系与各地植物区系都存有一定的联系。且无论科属热带性质都较为明显，并过渡有亚热带成分和少数温带成分的交汇。连江5个无居民海岛种子植物中含有一些典型的热带科，如桑科等，典型的亚热带科如樟科（Lauraceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）、山矾科（Symplocaceae）等，具备严格的热带科，如桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）、野牡丹科（Melastomataceae）、姜科等[26]，符合福建植物区系热带、亚热带性质明显的特征。因福建的地理位置特殊，位于泛北极植物区与古热带植物区的过渡地带[27]，泛北极植物最南端，南下紧接古热带植物区，这里孕育着中国亚热带植物的生长，近代区系发源于热带，因此植物区系以热带区系为主体，并伴随有少量温带分布类型植物的交错。
3.2　连江5个无居民海岛与其他地区种子植物区系成分的比较
连江5个无居民海岛与不同地区海岛种子植物区系属的相似性系数结果表明，连江5个无居民海岛与平潭无居民海岛属相似程度最高，这与二者纬度最相近有关，且同属于中亚热带季风气候区，植被分布受相似的影响因子如水热状况、地理位置、降雨和极端气候等指标影响[28]，其属的数量、地理分布类型最为接近。
连江5个无居民海岛属的R/T值为2.13，低于厦门近岸海域无居民海岛（4.23）和平潭6个无居民海岛（2.58），高于浙江沿海5个无居民海岛（1.11）和渤海区9个无居民海岛（0.66），表现出较为强烈的热带性质。不同海岛植物区系的属级分布类型占比上，温带分布型所占比例随着纬度增大呈现逐渐递增的趋势，热带分布型占比逐渐缩小，体现了海岛植物区系地理成分的纬向分异性。连江5个无居民海岛与厦门近岸海域无居民海岛纬度较为接近，但R/T值相差较大，分析其原因可能与厦门周边海岛的地理环境、不良气候和物理性质有关，厦门近岸海域无居民海岛植物生长环境更为恶劣，海岛面积狭小，离北回归线近导致受太阳辐射大，恶劣条件下热带至亚热带性质的植物比温带植物更适合在海岛存活。
3.3　5个无居民海岛间植物物种相似度与空间特征关系
物种相似性系数Cj与岛屿空间特征的相关性表明，Cj与周长面积的比值（δPAR）呈极显著正相关，与生境类型数量之比（δH）呈极显著负相关，说明5个无居民海岛之间的物种相似性主要由周长面积比、生境类型数目决定。从计算结果来看，5个无居民海岛间野生维管束植物的亲缘关系较为疏远。物种组成相似度较高的是目屿岛和虎橱岛、目屿岛和兀屿、虎橱岛和黄湾屿，相似性最低的为兀屿和蛤沙青屿。
植物物种相似度是体现特定时空尺度中物种组成变化的直观指标[29]，受岛屿空间特征的影响。已有研究表明，在气候条件相对一致的地区，随岛屿面积的增大，岛上物种丰富度随之增加，具有“面积效应”[30]。一般来说，从高纬度地区到低纬度地区空间异质性程度增加，且面积越大，提供的生境类型越多，共存物种数也越多[31]。但生境异质性并不只受面积影响，还与周长面积比（PAR）有关。PAR为岛屿边缘生境与面积的比值，反映的是边缘效应。在边缘效应带中，物种的组成和群落结构受光照、湿度等影响，与相邻的内部生态系统存在较大差异，通常拥有较高的生物多样性[32-33]，容纳的物种丰富度越高，物种相似性也越大。
另外，岛屿气候、土壤性质、水文条件、地质、地形地貌等条件是影响岛屿植物分布的重要生态因素[34]，5个无居民海岛属于南方岛屿，均位于连江周边海域，同处中、南亚热带海洋性气候，土壤因子、水热因子和降水因子并无显著差别，分析其原因可能是在岛屿地形地质上出现的差异构成每个岛屿独特的生境，长期自然环境选择下不同岛屿植物种类各有其特殊性[35]，且无居民海岛四周被海水包围，相对孤立，岛与岛之间的物种沟通有很大的局限性，因此造成物种相似性低下。物种相似性与生境类型数量比呈显著负相关，比值越大，表明岛屿间生态环境类型相差较大，物种差别越大，物种相似度越小。蛤沙青屿与其余4岛的物种相似性均较低，存在小岛屿效应，由于海岛面积较小低于特定阈值，造成植物种类不够丰富。本研究仅限连江6个无居民海岛，后续还需拓宽研究范围，以期为更多海岛提供参照。
3.4　连江无居民海岛的保护及利用
海岛具有海洋与陆地的双重属性，尤其是无居民海岛，各自形成一个生态系统相对独立的狭小单元，岛陆、岛基、岛滩和环岛浅海等不同的生态环境组成了整个海岛，分别又构成独特的生物群落[36]，也因此遗留下一些珍稀古老物种。通过对该植物区系的调查得知，该区尚存着福建较为丰富、起源古老的植物，属古老科的有中生代的忍冬科、樟科、桑科等，也有属于福建新生代的区系成分，如山矾科、桃金娘科、榆科（Ulmaceae）等。注重保护这些古老属、种对进一步研究该地的植物地理及历史起源具有相当大的意义。该区系植被类型较单调，大多以灌草为主，因海岛相比陆地地表起伏更加平缓，缺少陆地表面摩擦，容易形成狂风。并且土壤肥力差，因海岛土壤具有复盐基作用，与纬度相同的陆地土壤比成土强度低，易发生水土流失。海岛地区蒸发量大于降水量，地形地貌以低矮丘陵为主，汇水面积有限，淡水资源相对匮乏。以上因素都妨碍了海岛植物正常的生长发育过程。
另外，人为影响方面，近些年无居民海岛资源正在被大力开发和利用成为破坏海岛植被生境的潜在威胁，自然因素影响为在强风吹拂和海浪拍打的双重作用下，海岛的自然岸线渐遭侵蚀，地域范围日趋缩减。考虑到这两点，建议实施生态保护工程，划定保护范围，对海岛原有植被进行保护，在水土流失和海岸侵蚀相对严重区域的千米距离内选择抗强风、抗盐雾、根系发达、耐土壤瘠薄、茎粗质密的树种，作为防护林遮挡外界侵害，提高保护效果，使海岛物种得以长期延续。收集部分具有观赏性的海岛原生植物进行培育，对受损区域进行修复，植被生态优化树种除海岛常见的木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）、台湾相思（Acacia confusa）、黑松（Pinus thunbergii）等，还可选用闽楠（Phoebe bournei）、黄槿（Talipariti tiliaceum）、无柄小叶榕（Ficus concinna）等，搭配灌木树种如厚叶石斑木（Rhaphiolepis umbellata）、海滨木槿（Hibiscus hamabo）、滨柃（Eurya emarginata）等，在保护海岛生态多样性的同时也加强地域景观性。注重保护高覆盖度的植被区域，促进海岛生态系统加速恢复、植被群落朝有利自身生长的方向演变，实现海岛开发的可持续发展。
基金
收起
  • 福建省区域发展科技计划项目(2018Y3006)
  • 福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2019086)
  • 2019年度福建省科技特派员工作经费项目(KTP19186A)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.022
  • 接收时间：2022-08-31
  • 首发时间：2026-06-23
  • 出版时间：2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期：2022-08-31
  • 修回日期：2022-10-25
基金
福建省区域发展科技计划项目(2018Y3006)
福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2019086)
2019年度福建省科技特派员工作经费项目(KTP19186A)
作者信息
    福建农林大学园林学院，福建福州　350002

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* 陈凌艳（CHEN Lingyan），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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