Article(id=1276222356146229519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661702400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-29, revisedDate=1669651200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782204720769, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782204720769, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782204720769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782204720769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276222165401866613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='442', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1708790400000', pubDateStr='2024-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782204675293, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782206804468, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=362, endPage=369, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276222356406276369, articleId=1276222356146229519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Endogenous Hormone Content and Starch Metabolism of Storage Roots During Storage and Its Relationship with Germination in Sweet Potato, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Five sweet potato cultivars with significant differences in germination, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25, Red Banana, Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, were used as the test materials. During the storage period, samples were taken regularly to analyze the changes of endogenous hormones and carbohydrate metabolism in the storage roots. Storage roots after storage were planted for seedlings in small arch sheds and investigated. The results showed that Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana germinated earlier, and the number of seedlings picked was significantly more than that of Taizhong 6 and Xinxiang. At the end of storage and before seeding, the starch content and amylopectin content of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were significantly higher than those of Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana. Higher content of amylopectin and amylopectin was mainly due to the smaller decrease during storage. The total amylase and α-amylase activity of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were significantly higher than that of Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, and the α-amylase activity of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were higher than that of Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana. This is mainly due to the larger increase during storage. At the end of storage and before seeding, compared with Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana had higher GA content, lower IAA content, and higher GA/ABA and ZR/IAA of storage roots. That is, at the end of storage and before seeding, high starch and amylopectin content, high α-amylase activity, high endogenous GA content, and low IAA content in storage roots are physiological indicators of good germination.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yujie LI, Ning WANG, Yayi MENG, Xue HAI, Huixian XING, Hongjuan LIU, Chunyu SHI, Chengcheng SI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengcheng SI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276222358880915735, articleId=1276222356146229519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=甘薯萌芽性与贮藏期块根内源激素变化及淀粉代谢的关系, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以萌芽性差异显著的5个甘薯品种济徐23、烟薯25、红香蕉、泰中6号和心香为试验材料,在贮藏期间定期取样分析块根中内源激素变化及碳水化合物代谢,贮藏结束后在小拱棚内排种育苗,调查出苗情况。结果表明:济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉萌芽较早,采苗数量显著多于泰中6号和心香。贮藏结束、排种前,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中的淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量显著高于泰中6号和心香,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量较高主要是由于贮藏期间块根淀粉和支链淀粉含量降低幅度较小所致。济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中总淀粉酶和α-淀粉酶活性显著高于泰中6号和心香,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中α-淀粉酶活性较高主要是由于贮藏期间增加幅度较大所致。贮藏结束、排种前,与泰中6号和心香比较,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中GA3含量较高、IAA含量较低、GA3/ABA和ZR/IAA较高。即,贮藏结束、排种前,块根中淀粉和支链淀粉含量高、α-淀粉酶活性高、内源GA3含量高及IAA含量低是其萌芽性好的生理指标。

, authors=

李玉洁(1989—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培管理。

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* 司成成(SI Chengcheng),E-mail:
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李玉洁(1989—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培管理。

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李玉洁(1989—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培管理。

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Seedling number per unit area and 100 seedling weight of cultivars

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排种后天数Days after planting/d品种Cultivars采苗数量Seedling number per unit area百株鲜重Weight of 100seedling/g
35济徐23455a739.17a
烟薯25268b492.19bc
红香蕉103c568.73b
泰中6号
心香
45济徐2323bc697.78b
烟薯2532b598.81bc
红香蕉52a528.65c
泰中6号10d1016.80a
心香4d762.50b
55济徐23103b684.89ab
烟薯25107b658.65b
红香蕉160a520.38c
泰中6号31c690.13ab
心香26c778.96a
单位面积总采苗数济徐23581a
烟薯25407b
红香蕉315c
泰中6号41d
心香30d
平均百株鲜重/g济徐23727.91a
烟薯25544.34b
红香蕉537.55b
泰中6号769.80a
心香776.77a
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不同品种单位面积采苗数量和百株鲜重

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排种后天数Days after planting/d品种Cultivars采苗数量Seedling number per unit area百株鲜重Weight of 100seedling/g
35济徐23455a739.17a
烟薯25268b492.19bc
红香蕉103c568.73b
泰中6号
心香
45济徐2323bc697.78b
烟薯2532b598.81bc
红香蕉52a528.65c
泰中6号10d1016.80a
心香4d762.50b
55济徐23103b684.89ab
烟薯25107b658.65b
红香蕉160a520.38c
泰中6号31c690.13ab
心香26c778.96a
单位面积总采苗数济徐23581a
烟薯25407b
红香蕉315c
泰中6号41d
心香30d
平均百株鲜重/g济徐23727.91a
烟薯25544.34b
红香蕉537.55b
泰中6号769.80a
心香776.77a
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Starch content of storage root of cultivars during storage

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贮藏后天数Days after storage/d含量Content/%
品种Cultivars支链淀粉Amylopectin直链淀粉Amylose淀粉Starch
0济徐2353.60a19.16b73.76a
烟薯2545.27b14.61c59.88c
红香蕉41.19cd19.01b57.53b
泰中6号41.06cd21.39a61.45c
心香42.63c20.30ab66.68b
70济徐2343.52a16.61b58.88b
烟薯2535.63b10.43cd48.06c
红香蕉33.32b12.27c50.75c
泰中6号36.18b15.82b58.00b
心香41.96a19.76a60.72a
140济徐2341.64a15.95a57.59a
烟薯2534.99b9.32b47.06b
红香蕉29.84bc9.63b48.19b
泰中6号27.35c15.58a42.68c
心香22.96d16.10a39.06d
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贮藏期间不同品种块根淀粉含量

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贮藏后天数Days after storage/d含量Content/%
品种Cultivars支链淀粉Amylopectin直链淀粉Amylose淀粉Starch
0济徐2353.60a19.16b73.76a
烟薯2545.27b14.61c59.88c
红香蕉41.19cd19.01b57.53b
泰中6号41.06cd21.39a61.45c
心香42.63c20.30ab66.68b
70济徐2343.52a16.61b58.88b
烟薯2535.63b10.43cd48.06c
红香蕉33.32b12.27c50.75c
泰中6号36.18b15.82b58.00b
心香41.96a19.76a60.72a
140济徐2341.64a15.95a57.59a
烟薯2534.99b9.32b47.06b
红香蕉29.84bc9.63b48.19b
泰中6号27.35c15.58a42.68c
心香22.96d16.10a39.06d
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Starch content of storage root of cultivars during storage

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淀粉Starch品种Cultivars含量Content/%
0~70 d70~140 d0~140 d0~140 d降幅Fall range
淀粉济徐2314.881.2916.1721.92
烟薯2511.831.0012.8221.41
红香蕉6.782.569.3416.23
泰中6号3.4515.3318.7830.55
心香5.9621.6627.6241.42
支链淀粉济徐2310.081.8811.9622.31
烟薯259.640.6410.2822.71
红香蕉7.873.4811.3527.56
泰中6号4.888.8313.7133.39
心香0.6719.0019.6746.14
直链淀粉济徐232.550.663.2116.75
烟薯254.181.115.2936.21
红香蕉6.742.649.3849.34
泰中6号5.570.245.8127.16
心香0.543.664.220.69
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贮藏期间不同品种块根淀粉含量变化

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淀粉Starch品种Cultivars含量Content/%
0~70 d70~140 d0~140 d0~140 d降幅Fall range
淀粉济徐2314.881.2916.1721.92
烟薯2511.831.0012.8221.41
红香蕉6.782.569.3416.23
泰中6号3.4515.3318.7830.55
心香5.9621.6627.6241.42
支链淀粉济徐2310.081.8811.9622.31
烟薯259.640.6410.2822.71
红香蕉7.873.4811.3527.56
泰中6号4.888.8313.7133.39
心香0.6719.0019.6746.14
直链淀粉济徐232.550.663.2116.75
烟薯254.181.115.2936.21
红香蕉6.742.649.3849.34
泰中6号5.570.245.8127.16
心香0.543.664.220.69
), ArticleFig(id=1276558492781646511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222356146229519, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Endogenous hormone content of storage root of cultivars during storage

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贮藏后天数Days after storage/d品种Cultivars含量Content/(ng·g–1)
GA3ABAIAAZR
0济徐238.13d54.91c46.15c4.39c
烟薯2510.65a62.55b58.42b6.29a
红香蕉9.84b45.15d44.25c5.65b
泰中6号9.10c86.94a84.24a5.43b
心香8.33d37.98e82.22a5.70b
70济徐234.49b71.07c37.66c5.90bc
烟薯256.24a94.74b54.82a8.47a
红香蕉3.55d127.10a40.34b6.43b
泰中6号3.85c97.94b28.24e5.68c
心香3.41d60.00d32.53d6.17bc
140济徐238.81a120.27c75.11c12.54a
烟薯258.18b130.72b69.67e9.70b
红香蕉8.51ab133.42b58.49d8.96c
泰中6号5.93c142.64a102.64a6.99d
心香5.69c110.18d97.54b9.09c
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贮藏期间不同品种块根内源激素含量变化

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贮藏后天数Days after storage/d品种Cultivars含量Content/(ng·g–1)
GA3ABAIAAZR
0济徐238.13d54.91c46.15c4.39c
烟薯2510.65a62.55b58.42b6.29a
红香蕉9.84b45.15d44.25c5.65b
泰中6号9.10c86.94a84.24a5.43b
心香8.33d37.98e82.22a5.70b
70济徐234.49b71.07c37.66c5.90bc
烟薯256.24a94.74b54.82a8.47a
红香蕉3.55d127.10a40.34b6.43b
泰中6号3.85c97.94b28.24e5.68c
心香3.41d60.00d32.53d6.17bc
140济徐238.81a120.27c75.11c12.54a
烟薯258.18b130.72b69.67e9.70b
红香蕉8.51ab133.42b58.49d8.96c
泰中6号5.93c142.64a102.64a6.99d
心香5.69c110.18d97.54b9.09c
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甘薯萌芽性与贮藏期块根内源激素变化及淀粉代谢的关系
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李玉洁 1 , 王宁 1 , 孟亚依 1 , 海雪 1 , 邢会贤 1 , 柳洪鹃 2 , 史春余 2 , 司成成 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(2): 362-369
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (2) : 362 -369
甘薯萌芽性与贮藏期块根内源激素变化及淀粉代谢的关系
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李玉洁1, 王宁1, 孟亚依1, 海雪1, 邢会贤1, 柳洪鹃2, 史春余2, 司成成1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
  • 2.山东农业大学,山东泰安 271018
通讯作者:
* 司成成(SI Chengcheng),E-mail:
Endogenous Hormone Content and Starch Metabolism of Storage Roots During Storage and Its Relationship with Germination in Sweet Potato
Yujie LI1, Ning WANG1, Yayi MENG1, Xue HAI1, Huixian XING1, Hongjuan LIU2, Chunyu SHI2, Chengcheng SI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.016
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以萌芽性差异显著的5个甘薯品种济徐23、烟薯25、红香蕉、泰中6号和心香为试验材料,在贮藏期间定期取样分析块根中内源激素变化及碳水化合物代谢,贮藏结束后在小拱棚内排种育苗,调查出苗情况。结果表明:济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉萌芽较早,采苗数量显著多于泰中6号和心香。贮藏结束、排种前,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中的淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量显著高于泰中6号和心香,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量较高主要是由于贮藏期间块根淀粉和支链淀粉含量降低幅度较小所致。济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中总淀粉酶和α-淀粉酶活性显著高于泰中6号和心香,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中α-淀粉酶活性较高主要是由于贮藏期间增加幅度较大所致。贮藏结束、排种前,与泰中6号和心香比较,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中GA3含量较高、IAA含量较低、GA3/ABA和ZR/IAA较高。即,贮藏结束、排种前,块根中淀粉和支链淀粉含量高、α-淀粉酶活性高、内源GA3含量高及IAA含量低是其萌芽性好的生理指标。

甘薯  /  萌芽  /  淀粉  /  淀粉酶  /  激素

Five sweet potato cultivars with significant differences in germination, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25, Red Banana, Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, were used as the test materials. During the storage period, samples were taken regularly to analyze the changes of endogenous hormones and carbohydrate metabolism in the storage roots. Storage roots after storage were planted for seedlings in small arch sheds and investigated. The results showed that Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana germinated earlier, and the number of seedlings picked was significantly more than that of Taizhong 6 and Xinxiang. At the end of storage and before seeding, the starch content and amylopectin content of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were significantly higher than those of Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana. Higher content of amylopectin and amylopectin was mainly due to the smaller decrease during storage. The total amylase and α-amylase activity of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were significantly higher than that of Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, and the α-amylase activity of storage roots in Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana were higher than that of Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana. This is mainly due to the larger increase during storage. At the end of storage and before seeding, compared with Taizhong No. 6 and Xinxiang, Jixu 23, Yanshu 25 and Red Banana had higher GA content, lower IAA content, and higher GA/ABA and ZR/IAA of storage roots. That is, at the end of storage and before seeding, high starch and amylopectin content, high α-amylase activity, high endogenous GA content, and low IAA content in storage roots are physiological indicators of good germination.

sweet potato  /  germination  /  starch  /  amylase  /  hormone
李玉洁, 王宁, 孟亚依, 海雪, 邢会贤, 柳洪鹃, 史春余, 司成成. 甘薯萌芽性与贮藏期块根内源激素变化及淀粉代谢的关系. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (2) : 362 -369 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.016
Yujie LI, Ning WANG, Yayi MENG, Xue HAI, Huixian XING, Hongjuan LIU, Chunyu SHI, Chengcheng SI. Endogenous Hormone Content and Starch Metabolism of Storage Roots During Storage and Its Relationship with Germination in Sweet Potato[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (2) : 362 -369 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.016
甘薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.]是世界上重要的薯类作物,种植面积仅次于马铃薯和木薯,兼有粮食作物和经济作物的特点,具有适应性强、产量高和营养丰富等特点[1]。育苗是甘薯生产中的首要环节,为甘薯生产提供足够数量的健壮秧苗是育苗的主要任务,萌芽性强甘薯品种往往出苗早、出苗多、苗质壮,能满足生产上适时早栽、苗全苗壮的要求,是保证甘薯高产的前提[2]。已有研究表明,一定数量的种薯在一定时间内能够繁殖的秧苗数量及其秧苗素质与种薯本身的萌芽性[3-4]、育苗期间的生态条件[2-3]及其管理措施[5-6]等都有关系。进一步的研究表明,不同甘薯品种的发芽数量与其排种时块根中的碳水化合物含量呈正相关[7],其中块根的淀粉含量对其萌芽性影响最大[8]。张原箕等[9]依据甘薯萌芽过程中无新的β-淀粉酶合成的试验结果,推断甘薯萌芽应是排种时β-淀粉酶作用的结果;而唐君等[10]在甘薯贮藏期间高温愈合处理的试验中发现α-淀粉酶活性与薯块发芽存在一定的正相关性。因此,甘薯块根贮藏期间的淀粉代谢特点及其对萌芽性的影响还有待深入研究。作物种子萌发过程中碳水化合物的代谢,不但需要淀粉酶的催化作用,还与内源激素的变化有关[11]。虽有研究表明,甘薯块根发芽过程中吲哚乙酸(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)均显著增加,脱落酸(ABA)呈显著下降或一直处于较低水平[12]。但甘薯块根贮藏过程中内源激素变化及淀粉代谢对其萌芽性影响的研究尚未见报道。本研究选用萌芽性差异显著的5个甘薯品种,通过测定块根贮藏期间淀粉及其组分含量变化、淀粉酶活性变化以及内源激素含量变化,分析块根贮藏期间内源激素含量变化及淀粉代谢与萌芽性的关系,旨在阐明不同品种甘薯萌芽性存在差异的生理机制。
试验选用淀粉型品种济徐23(J23),食用型品种烟薯25(Y25)、红香蕉(HXJ)、泰中6号(T6)和心香(XX)进行不同甘薯品种萌芽性差异比较及生理机制探究试验。其中,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉萌芽性较好,泰中6号和心香萌芽性较差。5个品种甘薯同时种植同时收获,生育期为130 d。收获后,种薯贮藏于半地下的发券窖中,贮藏期间地窖内的温度为10~15 ℃,空气相对湿度为80%~90%,CO2浓度不高于5%。
在贮藏后140 d,每个品种选出12.5 kg中等大小的健康种薯,且数量相似,在小拱棚内育苗,排种密度为12.5 kg/m2,重复3次。棚内温度控制在(28±3)℃,苗床湿度控制在(80±5)%,排种35 d后调查萌芽性。
在贮藏后0、70、140 d取具有代表性的无病虫害及损伤的种薯、切片,一部分用封口袋密封后液氮罐中速冻,最后转入-40 ℃超低温冰柜中保存,用于酶和激素测定;另一部分置于105 ℃杀青30 min、60 ℃烘干,用于直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量测定。
在排种后35、45、55 d,分别拔取株高≥20 cm的秧苗,统计秧苗数量,称取秧苗鲜重,计算单位面积的采苗数量和百株鲜重。
块根淀粉含量的测定采用蒽酮比色法,参考何照范[13]的方法。称取样品0.1 g,加入9.2 mol/L高氯酸,在恒温水浴锅中(型号hh-4,常州国华电器有限公司,中国)沸水提取淀粉。然后加入硫酸蒽酮混合液,在沸水中煮10 min后冷却至室温,并测定620 nm处的吸光度。
双波长比色法,参考何照范[13]的方法。称取样品0.1 g,加入KOH后沸水浴30 min,用蒸馏水定容至50 mL。吸取样品液2.5 mL,加入蒸馏水,并调pH至3.5,加入碘试剂;以蒸馏水为CK。均定容至50 mL,分别于474.028、615.385、718.552、549.321 nm波长下测定吸光度。
采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法。参考邱天越[12]的方法。(1)酶液制备:取样品0.5 g,以pH 5.6柠檬酸缓冲液匀浆,离心(1000 r/min)后上清液即为酶液。(2)淀粉酶总活性:0.05 mL酶液2份,各加入pH 5.6柠檬酸缓冲液。测定管在40 ℃水浴中,先加入1%淀粉溶液,5 min后,立即加入NaOH溶液。对照管中先加入NaOH溶液,以钝化酶活性,再加入1%淀粉溶液。(3)α-淀粉酶活性测定:0.5 mL酶液2份,置于70 ℃水浴,钝化β-淀粉酶,各管加入pH 5.6的柠檬酸缓冲液。将测定管置于40 ℃水浴10 min,加入40 ℃预热的1%淀粉溶液,摇匀,置于40 ℃保温,加入NaOH溶液。对照管中先加入NaOH溶液,以钝化酶活性,再加入1%淀粉溶液。在酶作用后的测定管溶液及对照管溶液中均加入2 mL显色剂,置沸水浴中煮沸5 min,取出冷却,以蒸馏水稀释至40 mL。于540 nm波长下测定酶活力,以每分钟生成麦芽糖的质量(mg)为一个酶活单位[mg/(min·g)]。其中,β-淀粉酶活性=淀粉酶总活性-α-淀粉酶活性。
参照何钟佩[14]的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),试剂盒由中国农业大学提供,抗体与抗原之间存在高度专一性,故测定时各种激素之间不存在干扰现象。测定时把一定量的激素标样加入样品,与样品同步提取,计算回收率,结果均在88%以上,表明测定结果是可信的。样品处理方法为:称取种薯块根顶部0.5 g于液氮中速冻,用80%甲醇溶液[含二叔丁基对甲苯酚(BHT)1 mmol/L]匀浆,4 ℃提取4 h,4000 r/min离心15 min,沉淀用80%甲醇重复提取3次,合并上清液,氮气吹干,PBSTG溶解定容,用于ELISA测定。
采用新复极差法(Duncan’s)和DPS(Data Processing System)v7.05数据处理系统进行方差分析检验,采用Microsoft Excel 2019软件作图。
表1可知,排种后35 d,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉已经有大量达到采苗标准的秧苗,而泰中6号和心香尚无达到采苗标准的秧苗;济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉各个时期的采苗量和总采苗量均显著多于泰中6号和心香。在3个采苗量多的品种中,济徐23在排种后35 d的采苗量最多,而红香蕉在排种后45、55 d的采苗量最多,且济徐23的总采苗量显著高于烟薯25和红香蕉,说明淀粉型品种萌芽性更好。济徐23、泰中6号和心香的平均百株鲜重较高,而烟薯25和红香蕉的平均百株鲜重较低。4个食用型品种之间比较,泰中6号和心香的平均百株鲜重显著高于烟薯25和红香蕉,这与烟薯25和红香蕉单位面积的秧苗数量显著多于泰中6号和心香有关。不过,所有品种的百株鲜重均在500 g以上,属于生产上的壮苗[8]
表2可以看出,贮藏结束、排种前(贮藏后140 d),萌芽性较好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量较高,而萌芽性较差的泰中6号和心香块根中淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量较低。根据贮藏前后块根淀粉含量的变化(表3)可以发现,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉3个品种的降幅较小,分别为21.92%、21.41%和16.23%;泰中6号和心香块根淀粉含量的降幅较大,分别为41.42%和30.55%。贮藏前后各个品种块根支链淀粉含量的变化特点与总淀粉含量一致。贮藏期间济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根总淀粉和支链淀粉含量的快速下降主要发生在贮藏0~70 d之间,而泰中6号和心香块根总淀粉和支链淀粉含量的快速下降主要发生在贮藏70~140 d之间。
图1可以看出,随贮藏期时间的延长,块根中总淀粉酶活性和β-淀粉酶活性先增高后降低;泰中6号和心香块根α-淀粉酶活性变化不大,而济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根α-淀粉酶活性大幅度增加。在贮藏结束、排种前,济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根的总淀粉酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性显著高于泰中6号和心香。4个食用型品种之间比较,烟薯25和红香蕉块根的β-淀粉酶活性显著高于泰中6号和心香;但是,济徐23块根的β-淀粉酶不但低于烟薯25和红香蕉,而且低于泰中6号。
表4可以看出,随贮藏时间延长,块根中GA3含量都是先下降后升高;贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽性好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中GA3含量显著高于萌芽性差的泰中6号和心香。随贮藏时间延长,块根中ABA含量升高,贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中ABA含量显著低于萌芽性差的泰中6号,但萌芽较差的心香块根中ABA含量最低。随贮藏时间延长,块根中IAA含量先下降后升高;贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽性好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中IAA含量显著低于萌芽性差的泰中6号和心香。随贮藏时间延长,块根中ZR含量升高;贮藏结束、排种前,淀粉型品种济徐23块根的ZR含量显著高于食用型甘薯品种,萌芽较差的泰中6号和心香块根的ZR含量显著低于萌芽较好的济徐23和烟薯25。
贮藏结束、排种前(140 d),济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中GA3/ABA、ZR/IAA值均明显大于泰中6号和心香,且济徐23块根中GA3/ABA、ZR/IAA值显著大于烟薯25和红香蕉(图2)。
COLLINS等[7]的研究表明,在相同的育苗条件下,不同甘薯品种的出苗量与排种前块根中的碳水化合物含量呈正相关。王庆美等[8]的研究进一步指出,块根出苗量及秧苗素质与块根营养成分含量关系密切,其中对块根萌芽性影响最大的是淀粉,并认为块根淀粉含量高的品种萌芽性较强。本研究结果表明,在贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽性较好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中淀粉含量较高,萌芽性较差的泰中6号和心香块根中淀粉含量较低,与前人的研究结果一致。本研究同时发现,在贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽性较好的品种块根中支链淀粉含量较高,萌芽性较差的品种块根中支链淀粉含量较低;萌芽性较差的品种块根中淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量较低的主要原因是贮藏期间特别是贮藏后期(贮藏70~140 d)块根淀粉和支链淀粉含量大幅度下降所致。
在淀粉酶的作用下,淀粉逐渐被水解为小分子可溶性糖是薯块发芽过程中的关键步骤[10,15-16]。张原箕等[9]根据在甘薯块根中的淀粉酶主要是β-淀粉酶,且发芽过程中无新同工酶出现的试验结果,推测排种期β-淀粉酶在甘薯块根萌芽过程中承担着重要的生理功能;而唐君等[10]在甘薯贮藏期间高温愈合处理的试验中发现α-淀粉酶活性与薯块发芽存在一定的正相关性。本研究结果表明,在贮藏结束、排种前,萌芽性较好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根的总淀粉酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性显著高于萌芽性较差的泰中6号和心香。虽然4个食用型品种之间比较,萌芽性较好的烟薯25和红香蕉块根β-淀粉酶活性显著高于萌芽性较差的泰中6号和心香;但是,萌芽性最好的济徐23块根β-淀粉酶不但低于烟薯25和红香蕉,而且低于泰中6号。因此,本研究认为,排种前块根α-淀粉酶是影响块根萌发出苗的关键酶。因为支链淀粉主要由α-淀粉酶完全降解[17],所以排种前块根支链淀粉含量和α-淀粉酶活性高的品种一方面具有丰富的水解底物,另一方面有利于加快支链淀粉的水解速率,这是该类品种块根萌芽性好的生理原因之一。
在禾谷类作物中发现GA和ABA的生物学功能存在拮抗作用[18],GA可诱导α-淀粉酶基因表达,提高α-淀粉酶活性,使淀粉水解为萌芽供能[19-20];而ABA抑制α-淀粉酶基因表达[21],可使淀粉积累。CTK是种子萌发过程中GA生物学功能的促进因子,ZR是CTK的主要组分[22]。细胞分裂素和生长素在植物生长发育中起着重要的作用[23],较高比例的CTK/IAA促进不定芽形成[24]。另外,已有研究证实GA浸种可以促进甘薯萌芽[25-26]。本研究具有类似结果,甘薯中萌芽性好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根中有较高的GA3含量和较低的IAA含量,同时有较高的GA/ABA和ZR/IAA值。萌芽性较好的济徐23、烟薯25和红香蕉块根GA/ABA值高都与GA含量较高、ABA含量较低有关,虽然心香块根中ABA含量最低,但GA含量也最低,故GA/ABA低,所以,各品种块根中保持较高GA/ABA值的途径主要通过较高的GA含量;烟薯25和红香蕉块根ZR/IAA值高与IAA含量较低有关,而济徐23块根ZR/IAA值高与IAA含量较低和ZR含量较高都有关系,即淀粉型品种块根保持较高ZR/IAA值的途径与食用型品种并不完全相同。本研究认为,所有萌芽性好的甘薯品种α-淀粉酶活性高都与块根中具有较高的GA3水平有关,而萌芽性好的淀粉型品种α-淀粉酶活性高可能还与块根中具有较高的ZR和较低的ABA水平有关。
育苗排种时,块根中较高含量的淀粉尤其是支链淀粉作为底物,较高含量的内源GA3诱导α-淀粉酶活性的提高,同时,较低含量的内源IAA、较高的GA/ABA和ZR/IAA值,也促使淀粉分解加剧,为萌芽提供充足的能量,利于甘薯萌芽。故可将淀粉和支链淀粉含量高、α-淀粉酶活性高、内源GA含量高、内源IAA含量低及GA/ABA和ZR/IAA值高作为判定甘薯萌芽性强弱的生理指标。因此,本研究结果可为促进甘薯萌芽提供外源激素选择理论依据,为强萌芽性甘薯育种提供方向。
  • 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(320QN190)
  • 海南省科技专项(ZDYF2022XDNY264)
  • 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32060716)
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2024年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.016
  • 接收时间:2022-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-29
  • 修回日期:2022-11-29
基金
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(320QN190)
海南省科技专项(ZDYF2022XDNY264)
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32060716)
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    1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
    2.山东农业大学,山东泰安 271018

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* 司成成(SI Chengcheng),E-mail:
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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