Article(id=1277256051909062955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1659283200000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-01, revisedDate=1669564800000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782451173044, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782451173044, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782451173044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782451173044, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277255754218337268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1706112000000', pubDateStr='2024-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782451102069, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782451256326, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=162, endPage=168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277256052215247149, articleId=1277256051909062955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Forchlorfenuron on Yelid, Quality and Storability of Guifei Mango Fruit, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Guifei mango has bright color and sweet taste, which is deeply loved by consumers. However, the yield and economic benefits of this mango had been seriously affected due to a high fruit abortion rate. Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a swelling agent used in the mango industry of Hainan which can improve fruit setting rate, promote fruit enlargement and induce parthenocarpy. But, the abuse of CPPU resulted in a higher percentage of abnormal fruit, the decline of quality, stay-green after harvest and flavor change. To find a appropriate dosage, we compared the effects of CPPU spraying with different concentrations on the yield, quality, postharvest storage characteristics and incidence of disease in mango fruit. The experiment was carried out in a demonstration park of mango standardization production, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Dongfang City, Hainan Province. The Guifei mango trees with healthy, consistent size and vigor were selected as the test material. The age of trees is about 12 years. And CPPU aqueous solutions of 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L were sprayed on 15, 25 and 35 days after full bloom, respectively. Distilled water was used as a blank treatment. Six trees were selected for each treatment (3 repetitions). The fruits were harvested at 78 days after flowering, then put into corrugated boxes to avoid damage. All the fruits were brought back to the laboratory and stored in a cold storage at (25±1)℃ and 80%-90% relative humidity (RH). Fruit color parameters (L* value, a* value, b* value) and pericarp pigments (contents of total chlorophylls, anthocyanins and carotenoids) were measured during harvest and storage to evaluate the effect of CPPU on the fruit color. Fruit firmness and contents of soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acid (TA), vitamin C were measured to evaluate the effect of CPPU on inner quality, postharvest storage characteristics and fruit ripening of mango fruit. In addition, the effects of CPPU on yield, single fruit weight of parthenocarpic fruit/pollinated and fruit-shape index were also studied. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution could significantly improve the average yield (45.73 kg), 34.03% higher than the control (34.12 kg). Spraying a CPPU solution of higher concentration (20 mg/L, 60 mg/L) had no obvious effect on yield increase, or even reduced the yield. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution had little effect on the number of fruits per tree. But if spraying CPPU solution of 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L could significantly reduce the number of fruits per tree by 46.08% and 60.19% compared with the control. Spraying 60 mg/L CPPU solution had the most obvious effect, the single fruit weight of pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit increased by 28.48% and 117.25% respectively. Spraying CPPU solution could increase the fruit-shape index of mango, but there was no significant difference compared with the control. Spraying CPPU had a significant effect on the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin during maturation and ripening of mango. That fruits treated with CPPU had higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content, lower anthocyanin content, and showed a greener color. The chlorophyll content in a mango peel treated with 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 60 mg/L CPPU increased by 5.12%, 8.67%, 9.83% and 21.23%, 36.63%, 48.07% respectively during maturation and ripening compared with the control. And the increase of carotenoid content was more obvious treated with 60 mg/L CPPU than that treated with 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the carotenoid content increased 22.56% and 18.81% respectively during maturation and ripening compared with the control. Different from chlorophyll and carotenoids, the content of anthocyanins decreased gradually with the increase of CPPU concentration. The content of anthocyanins decreased by 8.94%, 13.62%, 18.30% and 13.83%, 16.19% and 17.58% respectively treated with 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 60 mg/L CPPU during maturation and ripening compared with the control. The process of mango fruits from green to yellow was delayed by CPPU spraying during storage. Spraying CPPU solution could increase fruit firmness and titratable acidity (TA) content, reduce soluble solids content (TSS) content and delay fruit ripening. The incidence rate of anthracnose and stem-end rot decreased after CPPU treated. But in all processing, only the fruits treated with CPPU in doses of 10 mg/L were normal during fruits coloring. In addition, spraying CPPU could prolong the storage time of mango fruits, 60 mg/L CPPU treatment could delay the ripening for 4 days. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU on 15, 25 and 35 days after full bloom stage could increase fruit-shape index, promote fruit enlargement and increase the mango yield. At the same time, the postharvest fruit treated with 10 mg/L CPPU could delay fruit softening and ripening during storage, reduce the occurrence of postharvest diseases, prolong storage time. Nevertheless, the nutritional quality of fruit was also decreased during ripening with the fruit hardness increased and the TSS content decreased. Spraying higher concentration of CPPU solution (20 mg/L, 60mg/L) had no obvious effect on yield increase, or even reduced the yield. Therefore, we suggest that spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution in mango production, which could improve the yield, prolong the storage time and ensure the postharvest fruit quality.

, authors=Zhaoyin GAO1, Jiabao WANG2, Min LI1, Deqiang GONG1, Yeyuan CHEN2, Meijiao HU1, *, authorsList=Zhaoyin GAO, Jiabao WANG, Min LI, Deqiang GONG, Yeyuan CHEN, Meijiao HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Meijiao HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277256054471782709, articleId=1277256051909062955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=氯吡苯脲对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

氯吡苯脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)是杧果生产上使用的膨大剂,由于使用不规范,造成了品质下降、果实畸形等诸多问题。本研究选用12 a树龄的贵妃杧果树为试材,在盛花期后15 d,喷施不同质量浓度(10、20、60 mg/L)的CPPU,花后15、25、35 d各喷1次,共喷3次,生理成熟期后采摘,研究CPPU对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响。结果表明:幼果期经10~20 mg/L CPPU处理后能够增加杧果的果形指数、促进果实膨大和产量增加,当CPPU浓度增加至60 mg/L时,果实膨大明显,但会导致产量下降。CPPU处理后,果实采摘时(生理成熟期)果实的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量明显升高,花色苷明显降低,果皮红度值(a*)偏小,其颜色偏绿;完熟期杧果的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量高,花色苷含量低,高浓度CPPU处理果实果面红色偏少,黄色偏多,果皮a*值偏小,部分果实偏绿色;完熟期的可溶性固形物含量降低,总酸增加,固酸比下降,口感甜度下降,低浓度影响较小,高浓度CPPU处理对内在影响较大。CPPU处理可降低杧果采后病害的发生,果实采后保持较高的硬度,明显延缓杧果储藏期果实软化,明显延长了杧果的贮藏时间,提高了其采后贮运特性。综合以上结论,幼果期喷施CPPU的适宜浓度为10~20 mg/L,盛花期后15~50 d果实细胞旺盛分裂期效果最佳,可显著增加单果重和产量,对果实品质和果实转色影响不显著,并能延长贮藏时间,更利于采后贮运保鲜。

, authors=高兆银1, 王家保2, 李敏1, 弓德强1, 陈业渊2, 胡美姣1, *, authorsList=高兆银, 王家保, 李敏, 弓德强, 陈业渊, 胡美姣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡美姣, authorNote=

高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

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* 胡美(HU Meijiao),E-mail:
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高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

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高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of CPPU treatments on furit growth of “Summer Black” grape, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857895588216902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=6, pageStart=261, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=王玮, 何宜恒, 李桦, 梁春强, 饶景萍, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玮, 何宜恒, 李桦, 梁春强, 饶景萍. CPPU处理对‘华优’猕猴桃品质及耐贮性的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2016, 37(6): 261-266., articleTitle=CPPU处理对‘华优’猕猴桃品质及耐贮性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857895676297287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=37, issue=6, pageStart=261, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=WANG W, HE Y H, LI H, LIANG C Q, RAO J P, journalName=Food Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG W, HE Y H, LI H, LIANG C Q, RAO J P. Effect of 1-(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) treatment on postharvest fruit quality and storability in ‘Huayou’kiwifruit[J]. Food Science, 2016, 37(6): 261-266. 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Effects of CPPU treatment on yield and the fruit shape index of mango

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株产Yield per tree/kg坐果量Fruit set/个有胚果Fruit with a seed无胚果Fruit without a seed
单果重Mass of single fruit/g果形指数Fruit shape index单果重Mass of single fruit/g果形指数Fruit shape index
CK34.12±4.26b385.53±45.54a326.94±25.53b1.66±0.13a75.38±5.01d1.58±0.12a
CPPU1045.73±3.57a379.29±27.54a387.46±30.26ab1.74±0.14a103.53±5.48c1.64±0.13a
CPPU2036.32±2.88b207.87±17.39b403.84±32.05a1.78±0.14a145.02±10.15b1.66±0.13a
CPPU6031.52±2.46b153.49±13.78c420.04±32.81a1.77±0.14a163.76±9.96a1.73±0.13a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891603628070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CPPU对杧果产量及果形指数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株产Yield per tree/kg坐果量Fruit set/个有胚果Fruit with a seed无胚果Fruit without a seed
单果重Mass of single fruit/g果形指数Fruit shape index单果重Mass of single fruit/g果形指数Fruit shape index
CK34.12±4.26b385.53±45.54a326.94±25.53b1.66±0.13a75.38±5.01d1.58±0.12a
CPPU1045.73±3.57a379.29±27.54a387.46±30.26ab1.74±0.14a103.53±5.48c1.64±0.13a
CPPU2036.32±2.88b207.87±17.39b403.84±32.05a1.78±0.14a145.02±10.15b1.66±0.13a
CPPU6031.52±2.46b153.49±13.78c420.04±32.81a1.77±0.14a163.76±9.96a1.73±0.13a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891687514151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of CPPU on contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin in mango peel

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处理Treatment生理成熟期Maturation完熟期Ripening
叶绿素Chlorophyll/(μg·g-1)花色苷Anthocyanins/(μg·g-1)类胡萝卜素Carotenoids/(μg·g-1)叶绿素Chlorophyll/(μg·g-1)花色苷Anthocyanins/(μg·g-1)类胡萝卜素Carotenoids/(μg·g-1)
CK128.63±10.05a19.95±1.56a29.04±2.27b9.61±0.75c29.47±2.30a66.77±5.03b
CPPU10135.21±10.56a18.17±1.42ab30.66±2.39ab11.65±0.91bc25.40±1.98ab75.27±4.37a
CPPU20139.78±11.09a17.23±1.37ab32.95±2.6ab13.13±1.04ab24.70±1.96b76.86±4.14a
CPPU60141.28±11.03a16.30±2.23b34.59±2.70a14.23±1.11a24.29±1.90b79.33±4.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891771400233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CPPU对杧果果皮叶绿素、类红萝卜素、花色苷含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment生理成熟期Maturation完熟期Ripening
叶绿素Chlorophyll/(μg·g-1)花色苷Anthocyanins/(μg·g-1)类胡萝卜素Carotenoids/(μg·g-1)叶绿素Chlorophyll/(μg·g-1)花色苷Anthocyanins/(μg·g-1)类胡萝卜素Carotenoids/(μg·g-1)
CK128.63±10.05a19.95±1.56a29.04±2.27b9.61±0.75c29.47±2.30a66.77±5.03b
CPPU10135.21±10.56a18.17±1.42ab30.66±2.39ab11.65±0.91bc25.40±1.98ab75.27±4.37a
CPPU20139.78±11.09a17.23±1.37ab32.95±2.6ab13.13±1.04ab24.70±1.96b76.86±4.14a
CPPU60141.28±11.03a16.30±2.23b34.59±2.70a14.23±1.11a24.29±1.90b79.33±4.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891859480618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of spraying CPPU preharvest on L* value, a* value and b* value in mango maturation and ripening period

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处理Treatment生理成熟期Maturation完熟期Ripening
L*a*b*L*a*b*
CK72.89±5.69a-5.42±0.42a7.82±0.61b77.40±6.05a8.68±0.68a22.50±1.76a
CPPU1073.93±7.05a-7.59±0.59bc9.32±0.35a78.84±7.52a7.27±0.57b22.40±2.14a
CPPU2073.15±7.05a-6.93±0.54b7.69±0.74b77.88±7.51a6.55±0.51b19.13±1.84ab
CPPU6072.52±3.16a-8.49±0.66c8.53±0.37ab76.93±3.35a5.98±0.47b17.97±0.78b
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891930783787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

采前喷施CPPU生理成熟期和完熟期杧果果实颜色L*a*b*的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment生理成熟期Maturation完熟期Ripening
L*a*b*L*a*b*
CK72.89±5.69a-5.42±0.42a7.82±0.61b77.40±6.05a8.68±0.68a22.50±1.76a
CPPU1073.93±7.05a-7.59±0.59bc9.32±0.35a78.84±7.52a7.27±0.57b22.40±2.14a
CPPU2073.15±7.05a-6.93±0.54b7.69±0.74b77.88±7.51a6.55±0.51b19.13±1.84ab
CPPU6072.52±3.16a-8.49±0.66c8.53±0.37ab76.93±3.35a5.98±0.47b17.97±0.78b
), ArticleFig(id=1279857891989504044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Effects of CPPU on the quality of mango fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment硬度Firmeess/(kg·cm-2)可溶性固形物TSS/%可滴定酸TA/%固酸比TSS/TAVC/(mg·100g-1)
CK0.51±0.04c16.24±1.70a0.12±0.01c135.33±14.13a19.5±2.04a
CPPU100.67±0.06b15.80±1.51a0.13±0.01bc120.61±11.51ab21.03±2.01a
CPPU200.81±0.08a15.13±1.46a0.15±0.01ab99.51±9.60b21.76±2.10a
CPPU600.79±0.04ab16.02±0.70a0.16±0.01a99.50±4.34b23.05±1.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857892044029997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CPPU对杧果果实品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment硬度Firmeess/(kg·cm-2)可溶性固形物TSS/%可滴定酸TA/%固酸比TSS/TAVC/(mg·100g-1)
CK0.51±0.04c16.24±1.70a0.12±0.01c135.33±14.13a19.5±2.04a
CPPU100.67±0.06b15.80±1.51a0.13±0.01bc120.61±11.51ab21.03±2.01a
CPPU200.81±0.08a15.13±1.46a0.15±0.01ab99.51±9.60b21.76±2.10a
CPPU600.79±0.04ab16.02±0.70a0.16±0.01a99.50±4.34b23.05±1.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857892106944558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277256051909062955, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of CPPU on disease incidence and color changing of mango

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处理Treatment炭疽病Incidence rate of anthrax/%蒂腐病Incidence rate of stalk rot/%不能正常转色Colors changed improperly/%
CK0.98±0.08a1.54±0.12a0.00c
CPPU100.61±0.05b1.31±0.11b0.00c
CPPU200.55±0.03b0.68±0.05c0.83±0.06b
CPPU600.41±0.02c0.66±0.05c1.77±0.12a
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CPPU对杧果采后病害发生和转色的影响

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处理Treatment炭疽病Incidence rate of anthrax/%蒂腐病Incidence rate of stalk rot/%不能正常转色Colors changed improperly/%
CK0.98±0.08a1.54±0.12a0.00c
CPPU100.61±0.05b1.31±0.11b0.00c
CPPU200.55±0.03b0.68±0.05c0.83±0.06b
CPPU600.41±0.02c0.66±0.05c1.77±0.12a
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氯吡苯脲对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响
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高兆银 1 , 王家保 2 , 李敏 1 , 弓德强 1 , 陈业渊 2 , 胡美姣 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(1): 162-168
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (1) : 162 -168
氯吡苯脲对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响
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高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

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高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

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高兆银1, 王家保2, 李敏1, 弓德强1, 陈业渊2, 胡美姣1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 胡美(HU Meijiao),E-mail:
作者简介:

高兆银(1976—),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带水果品质调控与采后保鲜。

Effects of Forchlorfenuron on Yelid, Quality and Storability of Guifei Mango Fruit
Zhaoyin GAO1, Jiabao WANG2, Min LI1, Deqiang GONG1, Yeyuan CHEN2, Meijiao HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.017
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氯吡苯脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)是杧果生产上使用的膨大剂,由于使用不规范,造成了品质下降、果实畸形等诸多问题。本研究选用12 a树龄的贵妃杧果树为试材,在盛花期后15 d,喷施不同质量浓度(10、20、60 mg/L)的CPPU,花后15、25、35 d各喷1次,共喷3次,生理成熟期后采摘,研究CPPU对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响。结果表明:幼果期经10~20 mg/L CPPU处理后能够增加杧果的果形指数、促进果实膨大和产量增加,当CPPU浓度增加至60 mg/L时,果实膨大明显,但会导致产量下降。CPPU处理后,果实采摘时(生理成熟期)果实的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量明显升高,花色苷明显降低,果皮红度值(a*)偏小,其颜色偏绿;完熟期杧果的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量高,花色苷含量低,高浓度CPPU处理果实果面红色偏少,黄色偏多,果皮a*值偏小,部分果实偏绿色;完熟期的可溶性固形物含量降低,总酸增加,固酸比下降,口感甜度下降,低浓度影响较小,高浓度CPPU处理对内在影响较大。CPPU处理可降低杧果采后病害的发生,果实采后保持较高的硬度,明显延缓杧果储藏期果实软化,明显延长了杧果的贮藏时间,提高了其采后贮运特性。综合以上结论,幼果期喷施CPPU的适宜浓度为10~20 mg/L,盛花期后15~50 d果实细胞旺盛分裂期效果最佳,可显著增加单果重和产量,对果实品质和果实转色影响不显著,并能延长贮藏时间,更利于采后贮运保鲜。

杧果  /  氯吡苯脲  /  产量  /  果实品质  /  果实颜色

Guifei mango has bright color and sweet taste, which is deeply loved by consumers. However, the yield and economic benefits of this mango had been seriously affected due to a high fruit abortion rate. Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a swelling agent used in the mango industry of Hainan which can improve fruit setting rate, promote fruit enlargement and induce parthenocarpy. But, the abuse of CPPU resulted in a higher percentage of abnormal fruit, the decline of quality, stay-green after harvest and flavor change. To find a appropriate dosage, we compared the effects of CPPU spraying with different concentrations on the yield, quality, postharvest storage characteristics and incidence of disease in mango fruit. The experiment was carried out in a demonstration park of mango standardization production, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Dongfang City, Hainan Province. The Guifei mango trees with healthy, consistent size and vigor were selected as the test material. The age of trees is about 12 years. And CPPU aqueous solutions of 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L were sprayed on 15, 25 and 35 days after full bloom, respectively. Distilled water was used as a blank treatment. Six trees were selected for each treatment (3 repetitions). The fruits were harvested at 78 days after flowering, then put into corrugated boxes to avoid damage. All the fruits were brought back to the laboratory and stored in a cold storage at (25±1)℃ and 80%-90% relative humidity (RH). Fruit color parameters (L* value, a* value, b* value) and pericarp pigments (contents of total chlorophylls, anthocyanins and carotenoids) were measured during harvest and storage to evaluate the effect of CPPU on the fruit color. Fruit firmness and contents of soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acid (TA), vitamin C were measured to evaluate the effect of CPPU on inner quality, postharvest storage characteristics and fruit ripening of mango fruit. In addition, the effects of CPPU on yield, single fruit weight of parthenocarpic fruit/pollinated and fruit-shape index were also studied. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution could significantly improve the average yield (45.73 kg), 34.03% higher than the control (34.12 kg). Spraying a CPPU solution of higher concentration (20 mg/L, 60 mg/L) had no obvious effect on yield increase, or even reduced the yield. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution had little effect on the number of fruits per tree. But if spraying CPPU solution of 20 mg/L and 60 mg/L could significantly reduce the number of fruits per tree by 46.08% and 60.19% compared with the control. Spraying 60 mg/L CPPU solution had the most obvious effect, the single fruit weight of pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit increased by 28.48% and 117.25% respectively. Spraying CPPU solution could increase the fruit-shape index of mango, but there was no significant difference compared with the control. Spraying CPPU had a significant effect on the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin during maturation and ripening of mango. That fruits treated with CPPU had higher chlorophyll and carotenoid content, lower anthocyanin content, and showed a greener color. The chlorophyll content in a mango peel treated with 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 60 mg/L CPPU increased by 5.12%, 8.67%, 9.83% and 21.23%, 36.63%, 48.07% respectively during maturation and ripening compared with the control. And the increase of carotenoid content was more obvious treated with 60 mg/L CPPU than that treated with 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L, the carotenoid content increased 22.56% and 18.81% respectively during maturation and ripening compared with the control. Different from chlorophyll and carotenoids, the content of anthocyanins decreased gradually with the increase of CPPU concentration. The content of anthocyanins decreased by 8.94%, 13.62%, 18.30% and 13.83%, 16.19% and 17.58% respectively treated with 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 60 mg/L CPPU during maturation and ripening compared with the control. The process of mango fruits from green to yellow was delayed by CPPU spraying during storage. Spraying CPPU solution could increase fruit firmness and titratable acidity (TA) content, reduce soluble solids content (TSS) content and delay fruit ripening. The incidence rate of anthracnose and stem-end rot decreased after CPPU treated. But in all processing, only the fruits treated with CPPU in doses of 10 mg/L were normal during fruits coloring. In addition, spraying CPPU could prolong the storage time of mango fruits, 60 mg/L CPPU treatment could delay the ripening for 4 days. Spraying 10 mg/L CPPU on 15, 25 and 35 days after full bloom stage could increase fruit-shape index, promote fruit enlargement and increase the mango yield. At the same time, the postharvest fruit treated with 10 mg/L CPPU could delay fruit softening and ripening during storage, reduce the occurrence of postharvest diseases, prolong storage time. Nevertheless, the nutritional quality of fruit was also decreased during ripening with the fruit hardness increased and the TSS content decreased. Spraying higher concentration of CPPU solution (20 mg/L, 60mg/L) had no obvious effect on yield increase, or even reduced the yield. Therefore, we suggest that spraying 10 mg/L CPPU solution in mango production, which could improve the yield, prolong the storage time and ensure the postharvest fruit quality.

mango  /  forchlorfenuron (CPPU)  /  yield  /  fruit quality  /  fruit color
高兆银, 王家保, 李敏, 弓德强, 陈业渊, 胡美姣. 氯吡苯脲对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (1) : 162 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.017
Zhaoyin GAO, Jiabao WANG, Min LI, Deqiang GONG, Yeyuan CHEN, Meijiao HU. Effects of Forchlorfenuron on Yelid, Quality and Storability of Guifei Mango Fruit[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (1) : 162 -168 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.017
杧果(Mangifera indica L.)是世界五大热带水果之一,种植面积约568万hm2,分布于几乎所有热带、亚热带国家或地区,素有“热带果王”之美誉。截至2019年底,杧果已是我国第三大热带水果,面积达32.28万hm2,产值为190.3亿元[1]。近年来,我国杧果产业蓬勃发展,经济效益显著提升,对丰富我国果盘子、提高人民生活品质、实现乡村振兴意义重大。贵妃杧果,又名红金龙,是海南的主栽品种之一,成熟时颜色鲜艳,清甜多汁、皮薄,深受消费者的喜爱。海南省生产上贵妃杧果果实90%以上是胚败育果,单果重约75 g。因胚败育比例高、果实小严重影响贵妃杧果的产量和经济效益。近年来膨大剂在杧果生产上开始广泛使用,因使用浓度、使用时期未明确,在提高经济效益效益的同时,也导致果实畸形果率增加,品质严重下降,造成果实采后滞绿、果实软熟、淡而无味等[2]。氯吡苯脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)又名氯吡脲、KT-30等,是一种生理活性强、细胞分裂活性高的人工合成的苯基脲类细胞分裂素,广泛应用于葡萄、草莓、苹果、猕猴桃、枇杷、脐橙、甜瓜、西瓜、黄瓜等果蔬生产中,具有提高座果率、促进果实膨大、诱导单性结实等作用[3]。朱敏等[4]研究了CPPU对杧果的增产效果,发现杧果单果重和产量显著增加,然而,高浓度CPPU引发的畸形果数量增加,果实风味变淡,食用品质下降的负面影响不容忽视。本团队在研究杧果幼果细胞分裂的基础上,在细胞旺盛分裂时期喷施CPPU,优化CPPU的使用时间和使用浓度,研究CPPU对杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响。以期寻找到既可满足商品果大小要求,又不明显影响果实品质的CPPU适宜施用技术。
供试杧果树:树龄约12 a的贵妃品种,选择树体大小、树势较一致的杧果树进行试验,本试验综合了2 a结果。试验地点位于海南省东方市中国热带农业科学院杧果标准化示范园。CPPU购于北京亿泰科华生物科技有限公司,纯度≥98%。
CPPU设3个浓度10、20、60 mg/L,即CPPU10、CPPU20、CPPU60处理,以清水作对照。每组选6株树,3次重复,随机区组排列;于盛花期后15、25、35 d各喷1次,共喷3次,果实在花后88 d采收;放置于(25±1)℃、相对湿度80%~90%的冷库中贮藏,用于品质和采后相关指标的检测。
参照高兆银等[5]的方法,测定以下指标:单株果量、单株产、无胚果单果重、有胚果单果重、果形指数、果皮明度值(L*)、果皮红度值(a*)、果皮黄度值(b*)、果皮色素(叶绿素、花色苷、类胡萝卜素)、可溶性固形物(TSS)、硬度、可滴定酸(TA)、维生素C(VC),并监测采后发病和果实后熟情况。
试验数据采用Excel软件进行统计分析,采用SAS9.1软件进行差异显著性分析。
表1可知,随着CPPU浓度的增加,株产逐渐降低,CPPU10处理的株产达45.73 kg,显著高于对照的单株产量(34.12 kg),增产34.03%;而CPPU20处理对单株产量增加不明显,与对照相比差异不显著,CPPU60处理的株产比对照下降了7.62%。随着CPPU浓度的增加,单株果量逐渐降低,CPPU10处理的单株坐果量与对照差异不大,但CPPU20处理和CPPU60处理的单株坐果量比对照分别降低了46.08%和60.19%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。
无论有胚果还是无胚果,随着CPPU浓度的增大,单果重逐渐增大,3个CPPU浓度处理的单果重均大于对照,差异均显著(P<0.05),并且3个CPPU浓度处理之间单果重也存在显著差异;与对照相比,CPPU60处理的有胚果单果重增加了28.48%,无胚果增加了117.25%。不同浓度CPPU处理对无胚果的膨大效果明显高于有胚果;不同浓度CPPU处理均增大了果形指数,但与对照相比均无显著差异,而不同浓度CPPU处理之间的果形指数差异也不显著;CPPU60处理的无胚果果形指数比对照增加了8.86%,果实更加细长(表1)。
CPPU可显著影响生理成熟期(果实采摘当天)和完熟期(达到最佳可食用状态)果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷的含量。由表2可知,在生理成熟期,随着CPPU浓度的升高,杧果果皮叶绿素含量逐渐升高,其果实外观更绿,但与对照相比差异均不显著,CPPU60处理浓度果皮的叶绿素含量比对照增加了9.83%。在完熟期,随着CPPU施用浓度的升高,杧果果皮叶绿素含量逐渐升高,与对照相比,CPPU10处理果皮的叶绿素含量差异不显著,CPPU20和CPPU60处理果皮叶绿素含量有显著差异。
表2可知,在生理成熟期,随着CPPU施用浓度的升高,杧果果皮类胡萝卜素含量逐渐升高,CPPU10和CPPU20处理果皮的类胡萝卜素含量与对照差异均不显著,CPPU60处理果皮的类胡萝卜素含量比对照高22.56%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。在完熟期,随着CPPU施用浓度的升高,杧果果皮类胡萝卜素含量逐渐升高,与对照相比,3个CPPU处理浓度果皮的类胡萝卜素含量均有显著差异,其中CPPU60处理浓度果皮的类胡萝卜素含量比对照高18.81%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。
表2可知,在生理成熟期,随着CPPU施用浓度的升高,果皮花色苷逐渐降低,CPPU10和CPPU20处理果皮的花色苷含量与对照差异不显著,CPPU60处理果皮的花色苷含量比对照降低18.30%,差异显著(P<0.05)。在完熟期,随着CPPU施用浓度的升高,果皮的花色苷逐渐降低,CPPU10处理果实的花色苷含量与对照差异不显著,而CPPU20和CPPU60处理浓度果皮的花色苷含量比对照分别降低16.19%和17.58%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。
图1表3可知,在生理成熟期和完熟期,对照与不同浓度CPPU之间的L*值差异均不显著。在贮藏3~5 d,对照和CPPU处理果皮L*值呈现下降趋势,这可能是采后失水或转色等造成亮度下降,然后随着叶绿素的减少,L*值逐渐升高。在果皮L*值上升阶段,同一天对照的L*值最高,随着CPPU浓度的增加,L*值逐渐降低,对照果皮L*值在贮藏第11天时出现下降,CPPU处理的则一直处于上升趋势。
a*值表示杧果从深绿到红色的转变。在生理成熟期,3个CPPU处理浓度的果皮a*值比对照低,且差异均显著,其中CPPU60处理浓度果皮的a*值比对照降低56.62%,果皮外观更绿。在贮藏期间,对照果皮的a*值上升较快,随着CPPU浓度的增加,果皮的a*值升高速度依次延迟,其中CPPU10和CPPU20处理转色延迟了2 d,CPPU60处理延迟了4 d。在完熟期,3个CPPU浓度处理的果皮a*值与对照相比差异均显著,其中CPPU20和CPPU60处理浓度的果皮a*值比对照分别降低了24.58%和31.06%(图1表3)。
b*值表示物体颜色从亮蓝色到焦黄色。在生理成熟期,CPPU10和CPPU60处理浓度的果皮b*值比对照显著增大。在贮藏期间,果皮的b*值呈现先下降后上升的趋势,对照果皮b*值在第5天开始迅速上升,而CPPU处理的果皮b*值在第7天才开始上升,并且随着CPPU浓度的增加,b*值上升趋势依次延缓。在完熟期,CPPU10和CPPU20处理浓度果皮b*值与对照差异不显著。CPPU60处理浓度的果皮b*值比对照降低20.12%,且差异显著(图1表3)。
图2表4可知,在生理成熟期,喷施CPPU的果实硬度均高于对照的果实硬度,但差异不显著。在贮藏期间,从硬度变化速率看,对照在第3天至第7天硬度快速降低,与对照相比,CPPU处理的果实硬度下降缓慢,并且随着CPPU浓度的增加,该趋势更加明显。如CPPU60处理的果实硬度在第3天(19.85 kg/cm2)至第11天(4.05 kg/cm2)下降较慢。在完熟期,3个CPPU浓度的果实硬度均显著高于对照,但CPPU浓度之间不存在显著差异。
图3表4可知,在生理成熟期,喷施不同浓度CPPU的果实TSS含量均低于对照,但差异不显著。在贮藏期间,对照果实的TSS含量上升较快,CPPU处理果实的TSS含量上升比较慢,并且随着CPPU浓度的增加,TSS快速升高阶段被推迟。完熟期TSS含量均低于对照,但无显著差异。
在杧果完熟期,喷施不同浓度CPPU的TA含量均高于对照。与对照相比,CPPU20和CPPU60处理的果实TA含量显著增加,CPPU20和CPPU60处理的果实固酸比显著增大。随着CPPU处理浓度的增加,果实VC含量逐渐增加,但与对照相比,差异均不显著(表4)。
目前,杧果蒂腐病和炭疽病是杧果采后最主要的两大病害。由表5可知,随着CPPU浓度的增加,杧果采后炭疽病和蒂腐病的发病率逐渐降低,3个CPPU处理的炭疽病和蒂腐病均显著低于对照。
CPPU10处理与对照的果实均能正常转色,但高浓度的CPPU20和CPPU60处理表现出部分果实采后不正常转色。转色不正常的主要表征是果实一面完全转黄,而果实的另一面却仍为青绿色,果实硬度较大,在干燥环境条件下不正常转色果实数量增加,如果保湿较好的环境下不正常转色果实数量会较少(表5)。
从贮藏时间来看,对照果实贮藏11 d完全成熟,CPPU10和CPPU20处理的果实贮藏13 d成熟,CPPU60处理的果实贮藏15 d成熟。表明CPPU处理果实贮藏时间明显延长。
CPPU在杧果上的最佳使用时期。杧果果实生长发育呈“S”曲线,即完成受精后进入细胞分裂期,此时期生长缓慢,旺盛的细胞分裂期是使用细胞分裂素的最佳时期,果实细胞分裂结束后进入膨大期,此时期果实细胞快速膨大,此时期喷施细胞分裂素效果不佳,膨大期结束后果实大小基本固定,果实进入品质形成期,此时期如果使用细胞分裂素,会对品质造成严重影响[6]。我们观测杧果谢花后果肉细胞的分裂情况,发现杧果细胞分裂主要集中在盛花期后10~50 d,此时期是使用CPPU的最佳时期[7],如果花期使用CPPU处理会造成整个花穗枯萎,花后过早使用会造成坐果率明显降低。
CPPU促进果实膨大和增产的效果已经在众多蔬果上得到证实,如CPPU处理西瓜,产量提高了至少50%[8]。但与CPPU的使用时期和浓度关系比较大,如在葡萄的花前或花期使用CPPU处理,可大幅度地提高坐果率,而在花后使用不能促进坐果,却可以显著促进果实膨大[9]。朱敏等[4]在花后7~56 d间使用CPPU对杧果进行了7次喷雾处理,单果重显著增大,但坐果量较对照减少,导致产量无显著增加。本研究中,10~20 mg/L CPPU处理的产量增加,而60 mg/L CPPU处理的产量降低,这可能是高浓度CPPU处理具有一定的疏果作用。
根据已有相关文献报道,CPPU处理能够降低果实品质[9]。色泽是杧果果实外观品质的重要指标,由叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷等色素综合作用形成。本研究结果显示,与对照相比,生理成熟期CPPU处理杧果果皮的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量明显升高,花色苷明显降低,果皮颜色偏绿。完熟期杧果的高浓度CPPU处理果实果面红色偏少,黄色偏多。在夏黑葡萄上使用CPPU会降低其TSS含量[10]。但有些水果,如猕猴桃,CPPU浓度在7.5 mg/L以下时,TSS含量随浓度的增大而升高,但高于7.5 mg/L时,TSS含量降低[11]。本研究中,杧果完熟期CPPU处理的TSS含量降低,TA含量增加,固酸比下降,口感甜度下降,低浓度影响较小,高浓度影响较大。
CPPU处理可降低杧果蒂腐病和炭疽病2种病害的发生。果实采后保持较高的硬度,其贮运性就相对较高。如猕猴桃采前施用20 mg/L CPPU,在贮藏期间会明显加速果实软化[11]。而本研究中CPPU处理明显延缓了杧果储藏期果实软化,从而明显延长了杧果的贮藏时间。
综上所述,幼果期喷施CPPU的适宜浓度为10~20 mg/L,于盛花期后15~50 d细胞旺盛分裂期喷施效果最佳,可显著增加单果重和产量,对果实品质和果实转色影响不显著。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY287)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)
  • 海南省自然科学基金面上项目(20163101)
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2024年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.017
  • 接收时间:2022-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-01
  • 修回日期:2022-11-28
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY287)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)
海南省自然科学基金面上项目(20163101)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101

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* 胡美(HU Meijiao),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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