Article(id=1277255777672888616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1662998400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-13, revisedDate=1668873600000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782451107662, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782451107662, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782451107662, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782451107662, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277255754218337268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1706112000000', pubDateStr='2024-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782451102069, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782451256326, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=87, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277255777958101290, articleId=1277255777672888616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Quality in Typical Paddy Soils of Hainan Island, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering that the serious shortage of available silicon content in typical paddy soil of Hainan Island, it is urgent to make reasonable application of silicon fertilizer. In this study, paddy soils developed from five typical parent materials (basalt, marine sediments, fluvial alluvium, sand shale, and granite) in Hainan Island were selected to investigate the effect of silicon fertilizer application on rice in a field plot experiment. Rice yield, quality and the related physiological, biochemical and agronomic indicators under different silicon fertilizer treatments were analyzed. Results showed that compared with the blank control, the silicon fertilizer application in both T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the rice yield and its related indicators such as the number of stem tillers and effective heads, seed rates, 1000-grain weight, root activity, chlorophyll and crude cellulose content relative to the control. Rice quality such as milled rice, chalkiness and amylose content also reached a good level. It is generally recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 750-950 kg/hm2 (available SiO2: 187-238 kg/hm2) for basalt-developed paddy soil and 625-935 kg/hm2 (available SiO2: 156-234 kg/hm2) for granite-developed paddy soil, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the control, the amount of silicon fertilizer application in T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the number of tillers, root activity, chlorophyll and crude cellulose content in paddy soil developed from marine sediments, river alluvial and sand shale. Rice yield reached the highest and rice quality reached a good level in T2 treatment, but rice yield and its related agronomic indicators did not increase significantly with the increasing of silicon fertilizer application (T3), and even some indicators exhibited a downward trend. It is recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 560 kg/hm2 (140 kg/hm2 of available SiO2) for paddy soil developed from marine sediments and river alluvial sediments, and 750 kg/hm2 of silicon fertilizer (187 kg/hm2 of available SiO2) for paddy soil developed from sandy shale, respectively. Thus, this study revealed the effect of silicon fertilizer application in typical paddy soil of Hainan Island, providing a scientific basis for formulating the standard of silicon fertilizer application as well as demonstrating and popularizing high efficiency silicon application technology and of rice in Hainan province.

, authors=Liewu LYU1, Yulian GUO2, Didi LONG1, Zhipeng WU2, *, authorsList=Liewu LYU, Yulian GUO, Didi LONG, Zhipeng WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhipeng WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277255778985705780, articleId=1277255777672888616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对海南岛典型水稻土有效硅含量严重不足的现状,合理制定硅肥施用量成为当务之急。以海南岛5种典型成土母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土为研究对象,开展水稻硅肥肥效的田间小区试验;分析不同硅肥处理下水稻产量、品质及其相关的生理生化与农艺学指标。结果表明:对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T2与T3施硅肥量均显著提高水稻产量及其相关的水稻茎蘖数、分蘖数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标水平,且稻米的精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等品质特征也达到较好水平;综合推荐玄武岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750~950 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187~238 kg/hm2),花岗岩水稻土合理施硅肥量为625~935 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为156~234 kg/hm2)。对于海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T2与T3施硅肥量均明显增加水稻分蘖数及根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标;水稻产量在T2施硅肥量时最高且品质也达到较好,继续提高施硅肥量(T3)水稻产量及其相关农艺学指标提高不明显,甚至个别指标出现下降趋势;综合推荐海相沉积物和河流冲积物水稻土施硅肥量为560 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2均为140 kg/hm2)为宜,砂页岩水稻土施硅肥量为750 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187 kg/hm2)为宜。因此,本研究揭示了海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥效应,为制定海南水稻土施硅肥标准以及水稻高效施硅技术的示范与推广提供科学基础。

, authors=吕烈武1, 郭玉莲2, 龙笛笛1, 吴治澎2, *, authorsList=吕烈武, 郭玉莲, 龙笛笛, 吴治澎, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴治澎, authorNote=

吕烈武(1970—),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:土壤与肥料技术推广。

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* 吴治澎(WU Zhipeng),E-mail:
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吕烈武(1970—),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:土壤与肥料技术推广。

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吕烈武(1970—),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:土壤与肥料技术推广。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Preliminary report of rice silicon fertilizer experiment in Jiangjin district, Chongqing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857837362889421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=10, pageEnd=12, 18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=56, authorNames=张翠珍, 邵长泉, 孟凯, 泉维洁, 侯晓芳, 邹强, 胡富贵, journalName=山东农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张翠珍, 邵长泉, 孟凯, 泉维洁, 侯晓芳, 邹强, 胡富贵. 山东省水稻土有效硅含量及硅肥效应研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 1999(6): 10-12, 18., articleTitle=山东省水稻土有效硅含量及硅肥效应研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857837446775502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=10, pageEnd=12, 18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=57, authorNames=ZHANG C Z, SHAO C Q, MENG K, QUAN W J, HOU X F, ZOU Q, HU F G, journalName=Shandong Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG C Z, SHAO C Q, MENG K, QUAN W J, HOU X F, ZOU Q, HU F G. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on available silicon content and silicon fertilizer effect of paddy soil in Shandong province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1279857829402100371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, awardId=41807326, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(41807326), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1279857829485986452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, awardId=322MS017, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS017), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1279857824675119715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857824683508324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, companyId=1279857824675119715, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 571500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857824691896933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, companyId=1279857824675119715, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南省土壤肥料总站,海南海口 571500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1279857824763200102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857824771588711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, companyId=1279857824763200102, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857824779977320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, companyId=1279857824763200102, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1279857828265443975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Tillering dynamics of rice under silicon fertilizer application, figureFileSmall=Bb01qB+3x2yU1Pme8R3bIA==, figureFileBig=2Q3iig347ZKSrmZthQYmdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857828370301576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=CN, label=图1, caption=施用硅肥下水稻的茎蘖动态, figureFileSmall=Bb01qB+3x2yU1Pme8R3bIA==, figureFileBig=2Q3iig347ZKSrmZthQYmdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857828491936393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Crude fiber content, leaf chlorophyll content and root activity of rice under silicon fertilizer application at filling stage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=cTfTNKvX1Qpcj49WcvbNiw==, figureFileBig=vcrPB31lJfWxHM5OfnHKkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857828575822474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=CN, label=图2, caption=施用硅肥下灌浆期水稻植株粗纤维含量、叶片叶绿素含量及水稻根系活力

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Physical and chemical properties of soil at test sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地点Experiental site母质类型Parent material type有效硅Available silicon/(mg·kg–1)全硅Total silicon/(mg·kg–1)pH土壤有机质Soil organic matter/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)有效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg–1)速效氮Available nitrogen/(mg·kg–1)
龙滚镇玄武岩51.45±2.96301.32±11.516.45±0.5122.58±1.980.71±0.050.33±0.0314.94±0.8310.62±0.1160.63±3.08
大丰镇海相沉积物52.89±3.45267.00±14.324.57±0.6118.28±2.310.64±0.080.26±0.0312.75±1.0113.02±0.0857.42±3.11
博鳌镇河流冲积物50.32±3.37432.21±10.814.92±0.2119.76±2.340.98±0.060.18±0.026.79±0.3118.86±0.2237.84±2.34
定城镇砂页岩53.50±2.56267.33±13.216.15±0.0415.45±1.340.63±0.040.22±0.015.94±0.2110.88±0.0347.25±2.08
黄竹镇花岗岩49.43±3.21214.35±9.785.43±0.0922.72±2.190.95±0.030.19±0.019.72±0.189.48±0.0975.14±3.06
), ArticleFig(id=1279857829121082000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验点土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地点Experiental site母质类型Parent material type有效硅Available silicon/(mg·kg–1)全硅Total silicon/(mg·kg–1)pH土壤有机质Soil organic matter/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)有效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg–1)速效氮Available nitrogen/(mg·kg–1)
龙滚镇玄武岩51.45±2.96301.32±11.516.45±0.5122.58±1.980.71±0.050.33±0.0314.94±0.8310.62±0.1160.63±3.08
大丰镇海相沉积物52.89±3.45267.00±14.324.57±0.6118.28±2.310.64±0.080.26±0.0312.75±1.0113.02±0.0857.42±3.11
博鳌镇河流冲积物50.32±3.37432.21±10.814.92±0.2119.76±2.340.98±0.060.18±0.026.79±0.3118.86±0.2237.84±2.34
定城镇砂页岩53.50±2.56267.33±13.216.15±0.0415.45±1.340.63±0.040.22±0.015.94±0.2110.88±0.0347.25±2.08
黄竹镇花岗岩49.43±3.21214.35±9.785.43±0.0922.72±2.190.95±0.030.19±0.019.72±0.189.48±0.0975.14±3.06
), ArticleFig(id=1279857829196579473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Fertilizer application amount of each treatment in field experiment

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母质类型Parent material type处理Treatment施硅肥量Silicon fertilizer consumption/(kg·hm–2)
玄武岩CK0
T1310
T2750
T3950
海相沉积物CK0
T1310
T2560
T3780
河流冲积物CK0
T1290
T2560
T3780
砂页岩CK0
T1370
T2750
T3900
花岗岩CK0
T1400
T2625
T3935
), ArticleFig(id=1279857829272076946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777672888616, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

田间试验各处理施肥量

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母质类型Parent material type处理Treatment施硅肥量Silicon fertilizer consumption/(kg·hm–2)
玄武岩CK0
T1310
T2750
T3950
海相沉积物CK0
T1310
T2560
T3780
河流冲积物CK0
T1290
T2560
T3780
砂页岩CK0
T1370
T2750
T3900
花岗岩CK0
T1400
T2625
T3935
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海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响
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吕烈武 1 , 郭玉莲 2 , 龙笛笛 1 , 吴治澎 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(1): 87-96
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (1) : 87 -96
海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响
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吕烈武1, 郭玉莲2, 龙笛笛1, 吴治澎2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南省土壤肥料总站,海南海口 571500
  • 2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 吴治澎(WU Zhipeng),E-mail:
作者简介:

吕烈武(1970—),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向:土壤与肥料技术推广。

Effects of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Quality in Typical Paddy Soils of Hainan Island
Liewu LYU1, Yulian GUO2, Didi LONG1, Zhipeng WU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan 571500, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.010
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针对海南岛典型水稻土有效硅含量严重不足的现状,合理制定硅肥施用量成为当务之急。以海南岛5种典型成土母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土为研究对象,开展水稻硅肥肥效的田间小区试验;分析不同硅肥处理下水稻产量、品质及其相关的生理生化与农艺学指标。结果表明:对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T2与T3施硅肥量均显著提高水稻产量及其相关的水稻茎蘖数、分蘖数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标水平,且稻米的精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等品质特征也达到较好水平;综合推荐玄武岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750~950 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187~238 kg/hm2),花岗岩水稻土合理施硅肥量为625~935 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为156~234 kg/hm2)。对于海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T2与T3施硅肥量均明显增加水稻分蘖数及根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标;水稻产量在T2施硅肥量时最高且品质也达到较好,继续提高施硅肥量(T3)水稻产量及其相关农艺学指标提高不明显,甚至个别指标出现下降趋势;综合推荐海相沉积物和河流冲积物水稻土施硅肥量为560 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2均为140 kg/hm2)为宜,砂页岩水稻土施硅肥量为750 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187 kg/hm2)为宜。因此,本研究揭示了海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥效应,为制定海南水稻土施硅肥标准以及水稻高效施硅技术的示范与推广提供科学基础。

海南岛  /  典型水稻土  /  硅肥施用量  /  水稻产量  /  水稻品质

Considering that the serious shortage of available silicon content in typical paddy soil of Hainan Island, it is urgent to make reasonable application of silicon fertilizer. In this study, paddy soils developed from five typical parent materials (basalt, marine sediments, fluvial alluvium, sand shale, and granite) in Hainan Island were selected to investigate the effect of silicon fertilizer application on rice in a field plot experiment. Rice yield, quality and the related physiological, biochemical and agronomic indicators under different silicon fertilizer treatments were analyzed. Results showed that compared with the blank control, the silicon fertilizer application in both T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the rice yield and its related indicators such as the number of stem tillers and effective heads, seed rates, 1000-grain weight, root activity, chlorophyll and crude cellulose content relative to the control. Rice quality such as milled rice, chalkiness and amylose content also reached a good level. It is generally recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 750-950 kg/hm2 (available SiO2: 187-238 kg/hm2) for basalt-developed paddy soil and 625-935 kg/hm2 (available SiO2: 156-234 kg/hm2) for granite-developed paddy soil, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the control, the amount of silicon fertilizer application in T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the number of tillers, root activity, chlorophyll and crude cellulose content in paddy soil developed from marine sediments, river alluvial and sand shale. Rice yield reached the highest and rice quality reached a good level in T2 treatment, but rice yield and its related agronomic indicators did not increase significantly with the increasing of silicon fertilizer application (T3), and even some indicators exhibited a downward trend. It is recommended that the optimal amounts of Si fertilizer application are 560 kg/hm2 (140 kg/hm2 of available SiO2) for paddy soil developed from marine sediments and river alluvial sediments, and 750 kg/hm2 of silicon fertilizer (187 kg/hm2 of available SiO2) for paddy soil developed from sandy shale, respectively. Thus, this study revealed the effect of silicon fertilizer application in typical paddy soil of Hainan Island, providing a scientific basis for formulating the standard of silicon fertilizer application as well as demonstrating and popularizing high efficiency silicon application technology and of rice in Hainan province.

Hainan Island  /  typical paddy soil  /  silicon fertilizer application rate  /  rice production  /  rice quality
吕烈武, 郭玉莲, 龙笛笛, 吴治澎. 海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (1) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.010
Liewu LYU, Yulian GUO, Didi LONG, Zhipeng WU. Effects of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Quality in Typical Paddy Soils of Hainan Island[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (1) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.010
硅元素已被列为继氮、磷、钾的第四类元素,是影响作物产量与品质的重要限制因子[1-2]。虽然在地壳中硅元素丰度排名第二,但大部分硅是作物无法直接利用的,作物根系只能以单硅酸的形式吸收有效态硅营养[3]。其中,水稻是典型喜硅作物,硅素营养能够提高其抵抗病虫害,增强抗倒伏能力,提高分蘖数、千粒重、穗数、每穗的实粒数等产量相关的农艺学指标,也可提高稻米的品质[4-7]。在水稻整个生长发育过程中,都需要从土壤中吸收大量的有效硅,且随耕作年限增加,土壤中有效硅素含量远远低于作物需求量,导致土壤有效硅素越来越缺乏。如果不能及时补充硅元素将导致土壤有效硅含量严重缺乏,严重影响水稻产量和品质[8-9]。因此,水稻田合理施用硅肥对提高其产量与稻米品质具有十分重要的意义。
土壤有效硅丰度常受气象条件、成土母质、灌溉条件、农艺学措施等多种因素影响[6,10-11]。调查显示,我国近1/2以上水稻田土壤有效硅含量低于100 mg/kg的临界指标,土壤缺硅问题严重[12]。尤其在我国南方地区,由于淋溶作用和风化作用强烈,导致水稻田土壤脱硅化严重,有效硅含量较低[9,13]。从不同类型成土母质来看,南方地区由花岗岩、红砂岩、海相沉积物、片麻岩、第四纪红色粘土等母质发育的水稻土有效硅含量均低于80 mg/kg[14]。海南岛属热带季风气候区,常年高温多雨,土壤脱硅淋溶作用尤为强烈,有效态硅素更加缺乏。近期,有关海南岛典型母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土的调查发现,土壤平均含硅量处于缺乏水平,仅为44.79 mg/kg[13],土壤有效硅素的缺乏势必会影响水稻产量与品质。针对海南岛水稻土硅素缺乏的现状,前期基于盆栽试验结果表明,随着施用硅肥量的增加,水稻增产率呈阶梯式先增高再降低的趋势,最佳硅肥量因水稻土的成土母质不同而具显著差异,水稻增产5%、10%的单位质量土壤施用有效硅分别为25~37 mg/kg与43~67 mg/kg[15]。然而,前期有关海南岛典型母质水稻土施硅肥临界值均基于盆栽实验结果,其土壤环境明显不同于开放的自然农田系统。因此,亟需在盆栽试验的基础上,进一步开展田间小区试验,深入探究海南岛不同母质发育水稻土施硅肥的效应并验证土壤施硅肥阈值。
本研究从海南岛5种主要母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土入手,结合前期施硅肥阈值的盆栽试验结果设置田间小区试验的施硅肥方案,研究典型母质发育的水稻土对硅素-产量/品质效应等,在此基础上确定水稻的最佳施硅肥量,为制定海南水稻土施硅肥标准与水稻高效施硅的示范与推广提供科学基础。
在海南岛选取大丰镇、博鳌镇、龙滚镇、定城镇、黄竹镇5种典型母质发育试验点,开展田间试验,其中龙滚镇、定城镇、黄竹镇的试验点的土壤母质分别为玄武岩、砂页岩、花岗岩坡积物(以下由母岩代替)。供试土壤为经人工熟化形成的水稻土,土壤保肥、保水和通透性好,土层深厚、肥沃,土壤理化性质如表1。供试基础肥料为富岛水稻配方肥(21-6-26),施用量600 kg/hm2,氮磷钾肥作基肥一次性施入;第四元素矿物硅肥(有效成分为SiO2≥25%,山东科达生物科技有限公司生产),硅肥施用量的40%作为基肥施用,分蘖期追施30%和孕穗期追施30%。
供试水稻品种为谷优629,水稻于6月初移栽,病虫害采用预防为主,综合防治原则。6月12日进入分蘖期,6月22日进入拔节期,7月20日开始进入抽穗期,8月10日进入乳熟期,9月5日收割。整个生育期灌溉、除草等其他田间管理与当地常规管理相同。
本研究设4个处理,包括1个空白对照处理和3个不同梯度(T1~T3)处理(表2)。本次田间试验主要根据前期盆栽试验增产5%、10%的结果来设计硅肥处理方案[14],结合土壤母质类型、土壤容重等指标计算施用硅肥量。每个处理面积为533 m2,每个处理余为过道与田包含3个小区,每个小区有效面积为173 m2(其埂),随机区组排列。小区间起垄隔开,使用农用薄膜保护所用地垄,防止窜水窜肥,以免影响试验结果。
在水稻基本苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期等关键生长时期,统计每个小区水稻茎蘖数量,并计算不同施硅肥处理水平下每株水稻平均茎蘖数量。采集灌浆期水稻植株样品,用1.25%酸碱剂洗涤法测定烘干植株粗纤维含量;叶片叶绿素含量及水稻根系活力等生理生化指标。洗净稻株叶片后,去主脉,剪成4~8 mm的小片混匀后称取0.5 g,放入50 mL容量瓶中,使用体积比为4.5∶5.5∶1的丙酮-乙醇-水混合液在黑暗环境中提取叶绿素24 h,在625 nm条件下分析叶绿素含量。稻株根系被清水冲洗后淋干,使用甲烯蓝吸附法测定根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积;每个指标测定重复3次,上述测定方法均参照《土壤农化分析》[15]
水稻成熟后,按小区收割,分别进行实地测产,试验结束后对各小区产量结果进行统计分析。与此同时,每个小区采用“S”采样法,随机选取10株水稻测定水稻株高、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重等产量性状;水稻品质的评价主要包括外观品质和碾磨品质,主要包括垩白和透明度、糙米率、精米率和整精米率等[16]。稻谷储存15 d后,测定糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量。每个指标测定重复3次,上述测定方法均参照《土壤农化分析》[15]
使用SPSS 27软件对所获得数据进行单因素方差分析和相关性分析,应用OriginPro 9.1和ArcGIS 10.8软件制图。
对于5种母质类型水稻田来说,基本苗分别为4.97万、5.14万、5.02万、5.00万和5.00万,水稻苗数大小规律均为:拔节期>抽穗期>成熟期>苗期(图1)。在玄武岩、花岗岩母质水稻田中,拔节期和抽穗期的苗数随施硅肥量增加呈现先降低后上升趋势,成熟期的苗数随施硅肥量增加而增加,均在T3处理中达到最大。在海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩母质水稻田中,拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期苗数随施硅肥量增加而增加,在T3处理中达到最大;成熟期的苗数随施硅肥量增加呈现先增加后降低,T2处理中达到最高。
灌浆期是水稻干物质积累且影响产量的重要时期。由图2可知,在玄武岩、河流冲积物和花岗岩母质水稻田中,随施硅肥量增加,水稻植株粗纤维含量、叶片叶绿素含量以及根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积均呈现增加趋势,T3处理中达到最大。在海相沉积物母质水稻田中,水稻植株粗纤维含量和叶片叶绿素含量随施硅肥量增加呈现先增后降趋势,T2处理中增加率最高;根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积随施硅肥量增加呈现上升趋势。在砂页岩母质水稻田中,水稻植株粗纤维含量随施硅肥量增加而显著地增加;水稻叶片叶绿素含量随施硅肥量增加呈现先增后趋于稳定;水稻根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积均随施硅肥量增加而增加。
图3可知,在玄武岩和花岗岩母质水稻田,水稻株高、穗长、有效穗数、每穗实粒数千粒重均随施硅肥量增加呈上升趋势,T2和T3处理与CK相比显著提高,除株高T3显著高于T2处理外,其他指标T2和T3处理无显著差异;水稻实际产量随施硅肥量增加呈现增加趋势。在海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩母质水稻田中,水稻株高、穗长、有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重以及实际产量均随施硅肥量增加呈上升趋势,但T2和T3处理间无显著差异。
图4可知,在玄武岩母质水稻田中,增施硅肥主要影响水稻的精米率、垩白度、垩白粒率和直链淀粉含量,对稻米蛋白质含量和出糙率无显著影响。其中T2施硅肥处理中稻米整精米率最高;提高施硅量显著地降低稻米的直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒率,T2与T3处理间差异不显著。在海相沉积物母质水稻田中,T3施硅肥处理中稻米精米率最高;提高施硅量显著地降低了直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒率,T2与T3处理间差异不显著。在河流冲积物母质水稻田中,T2与T3处理中稻米精米率达到最高但差异不显著;提高施硅量显著地降低了直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒率,T2处理中达到最低。在花岗岩母质水稻田中,T2处理中稻米整精米率最高;施硅量增加显著地降低了直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒率,T2与T3处理间差异不显著。在砂页岩母质水稻田中,T2与T3处理中稻米整精米率达到最高但差异不显著;施硅量增加显著地降低了直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒率,T3处理中直链淀粉含量达到最低;T2处理中垩白度最低。
本研究对海南岛主要5种母质水稻田的施硅肥水稻产量与品质效应进行了田间试验。结果表明,在不同成土母质发育的缺乏有效硅养分水稻土中,增施硅肥能够显著提高水稻的产量,这与之前大部分研究结论一致[17-19]。对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,水稻产量随施硅量增加而显著增加,施硅量分别达到最大时产量最高(T3处理分别为:950、935 kg/hm2),此时增产量分别为22.87%和22.85%;而在海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩母质发育的水稻土中,分别在T2时(分别为:560、560、750 kg/hm2)产量已经达到最大值,此时的增产量分别为17.31%、15.51%和15.53%,继续提高硅肥施用量(T3处理分别为:780、780、900 kg/hm2),水稻产量并未进一步达到显著增产效果。不同母质类型水稻土中施用硅肥产量效应差异较大,这可能与不同类型土壤的理化性质有关。前期研究发现:相对较为黏重的玄武岩、花岗母质发育的水稻土对有效硅素具有较强的吸附作用[13],这不仅利于减缓脱硅淋溶速率,也使得土壤有效硅素缓慢释放并供给水稻不同生长发育阶段的需求;而海相沉积物、河流冲积物与砂页岩母质发育水稻土的黏粒与有机质含量相对较少,对有效硅吸附容量有限,进而导致过量硅肥淋溶流失[14]。前人研究也正证实了这一观点[20-21],建议适量施硅就有很好的增产效果且最经济,过量硅肥施用对水稻产量的再次提高无显著影响,甚至会通过影响其他养分吸收(如氮、磷等营养元素)而降低水稻产量[22]。研究表明,由于硅与磷的化学性质相似,尤其是二者都是含氧酸根阴离子,硅会与磷竞争吸附位点,因此过量施用硅肥会导致硅酸根占据土壤中铁铝氧化物或粘粒表面部分吸附位置,从而减少了磷酸根的吸附量[23]
从农艺学指标来看,不同施硅肥水平下水稻产量变化与成熟期分蘖数、千粒重、穗数、每穗实粒数、等农艺学指标密切相关。李卫国等[24]研究证实,硅肥通过提高水稻的千粒重、结实率、穗粒数、有效穗等农艺学指标促进产量的形成,与本次田间试验的结论基本一致。然而,周青等[17,19]的研究发现,增施硅肥提高稻米产量与千粒重关系不大,主要通过提高单位面积上水稻群体的总颖花量、茎蘖成穗率、最大叶面积指数、粒/叶与粒重/叶比,协调源库关系提高群体质量,这可能与本研究所用水稻品种、土壤、气候以及种植栽培技术不同有关。从水稻生理生化指标来看,T2和T3施硅肥水平能显著提高灌浆期水稻根系活力、叶绿素含量和粗纤维含量。有关研究表明,水稻产量的提高可能归因于光合能力的提高[25]。改善水稻灌浆期水稻植株粗纤维含量、叶片叶绿素含量及水稻根系活力,不仅可延缓水稻生育后期光合作用的时间,提高茎秆强度,提高根系活力,大大增强水稻抗倒伏和抗病能力,也利于光合产物直接运往穗部,促进穗部干物质积累,从而利于籽粒灌浆成熟和产量的形成[26-27]。同时,本研究表明,T2和T3施硅肥水平一定程度上能提高稻米精米率,降低直链淀粉含量、垩白度和垩白粒,对提高稻米的蒸煮品质和食味品质有很大作用;但对稻米蛋白质含量和出糙率无显著影响。此结果与先前邓接楼等[28]、张学军等[29]、龚玉琴等[30]的研究一致。
前人有关重庆市紫色型水稻土施硅肥肥效试验表明[31]:最佳施有效SiO2量分别为120 kg/hm2;山东省水稻施硅肥田间试验结果显示[32],棕壤型水稻土最佳施有效SiO2量为85.14 kg/hm2,盐化潮土型水稻土最佳施有效SiO2量为65.50 kg/hm2,砂姜黑土型水稻土最佳施有效SiO2量为66.08 kg/hm2。以上均明显低于本研究有关海南岛典型水稻田施有效SiO2量,这可能与海南岛常年高温多雨,土壤脱硅富铁铝过程强烈,导致有效态硅素严重缺乏(平均为44.79 mg/kg)有关[13],为提高水稻产量与品质需要施用更多硅素营养。综合看来,各地区最佳施硅量不仅要结合肥料投入与经济产量来看,也与该地区气候条件、土壤理化性质等息息相关。因此,制定各地区水稻施硅标准对于区域发展高效、可持续农业具有重要意义。
本研究以玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩等5种海南岛典型成土母质发育的水稻土为研究对象,开展了田间小区试验,通过统计分析不同硅肥水平处理下水稻产量、品质及其相关的生理生化与农艺学指标,以制定合理的海南水稻土施硅肥标准。试验结果表明,合理施用硅肥能显著提高水稻产量,提升水稻品质,但硅肥的过量施用则会降低水稻产量与品质。综合分析各项指标,对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,与空白对照相比,在梯度范围内增施硅肥能显著地提高水稻产量及其相关的水稻茎蘖数、分蘖数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标水平,且稻米的精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等品质特征也有所提高,并且在T3处理下增效最为显著;对于海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T2与T3处理都能明显地增加水稻分蘖数以及水稻灌浆期根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标,但水稻产量在T2水平施硅肥量时已达到最高且品质也达到较好水平,继续提高施硅肥量(T3)水稻产量及其相关农艺学指标提高不明显,甚至个别指标出现下降趋势,因此从增效和经济性原则出发,得出最佳施硅肥量为T2处理。针对海南岛典型水稻土有效硅严重缺乏的现状,根据本研究结果,推荐玄武岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750~950 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187~ 238 kg/hm2),花岗岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为625~ 935 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为156~234 kg/hm2),海相沉积物和河流冲积物水稻土最佳施硅肥量为560 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2分别为140 kg/hm2),砂页岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750 kg/hm2(有效态SiO2为187 kg/hm2)。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41807326)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS017)
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2024年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.010
  • 接收时间:2022-09-13
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13
  • 修回日期:2022-11-20
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国家自然科学基金项目(41807326)
海南省自然科学基金项目(322MS017)
作者信息
    1.海南省土壤肥料总站,海南海口 571500
    2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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