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苏青, 博士, 研究员, 国务院政府特殊津贴专家, 全国新闻出版行业领军人才, 曾任北京理工大学出版社社长、科学普及出版社暨中国科学技术出版社社长、科技导报社社长、中国科学技术馆党委书记等职, 现任中国青少年科技教育工作者协会监事长

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苏青, 博士, 研究员, 国务院政府特殊津贴专家, 全国新闻出版行业领军人才, 曾任北京理工大学出版社社长、科学普及出版社暨中国科学技术出版社社长、科技导报社社长、中国科学技术馆党委书记等职, 现任中国青少年科技教育工作者协会监事长

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苏青, 博士, 研究员, 国务院政府特殊津贴专家, 全国新闻出版行业领军人才, 曾任北京理工大学出版社社长、科学普及出版社暨中国科学技术出版社社长、科技导报社社长、中国科学技术馆党委书记等职, 现任中国青少年科技教育工作者协会监事长

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举国体制铸华章 略非对称解穹苍
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苏青 1
前瞻科技 | 书阅科苑 2026,5(3): 139-140
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前瞻科技 | 书阅科苑 2026, 5(3): 139-140
举国体制铸华章 略非对称解穹苍
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苏青1
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    苏青, 博士, 研究员, 国务院政府特殊津贴专家, 全国新闻出版行业领军人才, 曾任北京理工大学出版社社长、科学普及出版社暨中国科学技术出版社社长、科技导报社社长、中国科学技术馆党委书记等职, 现任中国青少年科技教育工作者协会监事长

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The System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide Forges Brilliant Achievements; Asymmetric Strategies Unlock the Firmament:
Qing SU1
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出版时间: 2026-09-20
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苏青. 举国体制铸华章 略非对称解穹苍. 前瞻科技, 2026 , 5 (3) : 139 -140 .
Qing SU. The System for Mobilizing Resources Nationwide Forges Brilliant Achievements; Asymmetric Strategies Unlock the Firmament:[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2026 , 5 (3) : 139 -140 .
在百年未有之大变局背景下,中国与西方发达国家关键核心技术之间的博弈日趋激烈,新型举国体制已经成为我国科技治理领域的核心议题,张赤东、冉玲于、彭晓艺所著《新型举国体制:国家创新发展的“非对称战略”》(以下简称《新型举国体制》)由此应运而生。该书2025年10月由知识产权出版社出版,作者立足于政策分析视角,依托国家科技重大专项调研素材,打通理论概念与现实实践,系统回答了新型举国体制“是什么、为何用、何时用、如何实施”四大核心命题,力求为有效实施新型举国体制提供扎实的研究支撑。
我以为,《新型举国体制》重要的理论贡献在于厘清了传统举国体制与新型举国体制的边界,运用逻辑学属加种差定义法,科学定义了新型举国体制的概念,搭建起系统化的新型举国体制分析框架。该书将“举国体制”确立为属概念,把传统举国体制、新型举国体制作为并列种概念,从原因种差、关系种差、功用种差、发生种差4个维度展开对比辨析,厘清了二者在产生原因与条件、能够区分的分界点、战略目标与任务结果、实施中的关键手段与组织管理上的本质差异,给出了新型举国体制严谨的学术定义和明确的本质特征。
作者同时构建了新型举国体制“是什么−为什么−何时采用−如何实施−反思总结”的闭环政策学研究逻辑链条,把抽象的政策概念转化为可辨析、可研判、可操作的分析工具,纠正了“新型举国体制就是重回计划经济”等认知误区,为后续学术研究奠定理论基础。
其次,该书明确指出,新型举国体制属于非常规战略工具,原创提出了Y/N-How 触发战略决策分析框架,理性回应了新型举国体制“为何采用、何时采用、如何高效实施” 的现实命题。书中强调,新型举国体制并非包治百病的万能手段,不能泛化滥用,并提出了相应的判定实施依据。第1层Y/N判断,通过识别任务的战略属性,判断需不需要启动举国攻关;第2层How判断,旨在解决一旦启用新型举国体制之后,应当怎样组织实施。
作者从偶发逻辑、国家逻辑、技术逻辑、发展逻辑4个层面,揭示了实施新型举国体制的多重动因,剖析了我国实施新型举国体制在政治、制度、组织、文化、社会经济五大方面的优势。在实施路径层面,作者围绕国家决策机制、攻关组织体制、全国动员机制、主体协调控制机制、过程管理与动态调整机制、评价与激励机制、保障政策与制度设计等七大方面,构建了一套比较完整、严密的组织实施方案。这套实施方案直面现实难题:什么样的技术任务值得举全国之力?哪些领域应当由市场主导,哪些领域又该由国家来组织实施?这些充满理性光辉的研究成果突破了以往这方面的研究重价值宣扬、缺少适用边界研判的局限,为政策决策者提供了重要的判别标尺。
我以为,全书最具思想冲击力的创新观点,就是把关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制,定位为国家科技创新领域的非对称战略的集中体现。作者溯源非对称战略的军事本源,区分狭义后发追赶、广义大国博弈两层内涵,指出非对称战略不是后发国家的专利,发达国家同样会运用这种策略来维护自身的科技霸权。因此,我国不必追求在所有科技领域与发达国家展开全面的对等竞争,而是应该依托新型举国体制,集中资源瞄准其中的关键薄弱环节,以资源非对称倾斜实现局部赛道的重点突破,进而形成战略制衡能力,开辟新赛道,最终获取局部的并跑、领跑优势。作者还从政治、经济、社会、技术4个维度进一步阐释了非对称战略实施效果,提出新型举国体制作为组织模式,是落实非对称战略的有效载体。这一观点拓宽了新型举国体制研究的理论视野。
当然,作为一部前沿探索性著作,加之新型举国体制这一议题的政治敏感性,本书研究内容难免会存在一定的局限性,部分议题的论述尚有进一步拓展的空间。例如,实施新型举国体制,如何处理好自主攻关与国际合作、自主可控与开放交流的关系,书中这方面的论述相对比较单薄。全书重点阐释了立足国内动员力量开展关键核心技术攻关,但在逆全球化、脱钩断链的现实环境下,如何在坚持自主可控底线的前提下,最大限度开展国际人才交流、技术合作,如何规避“闭门攻关”“夜郎自大”风险,怎样处理举国攻关体系与全球创新网络的对接,书中尚缺少具象化的制度设计与案例分析。在我看来,独立自主并不意味着自我封闭,高水平科技自立自强更应彰显永远坚持拥抱世界、开放合作、互利共赢的自信。
但是,瑕不掩瑜,《新型举国体制》仍不失为一部颇具创新意识的理论著作,它完成了新型举国体制从政策宣传话语走向系统化学术理论的重要跨越,作者正本清源地构建了新型举国体制完整的分析范式。书中内容给予我们警示:新型举国体制有着严格的适用边界,必须坚持有效市场与有为政府相结合,“社会主义市场经济条件下关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制是科技创新政策的‘国之重器’,不可以示于人,亦是不到万不得已之时不可轻易动之”。虽然书中部分议题有待作者后续深耕,但该书为理解中国式现代化背景下的科技治理提供了扎实的理论支撑,既是政策执行者的实操参考,也为学术界进一步开展实证研究开辟了广阔空间,是研究新型举国体制不可绕开的前沿智库著作。
有感于斯,谨填《江城子》词一首,褒赞《新型举国体制》一书,期望作者在“未来研究的方向与建议”上取得新突破。
举国体制铸华章,破迷茫,觅新方。厘正旧新,析辨论谋长。妙构闭环研策理,除谬误,拓宏疆。
略非对称解穹苍,聚群强,克脖伤。政市相融,合力破藩墙。固本开源求致远,资治道,助兴邦。
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  • 出版时间:2026-09-20
  • 发布时间:2026-10-10
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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