Article(id=1300156540829323533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1315718825799168011, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766505600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-24, revisedDate=1785427200000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1787911075073, onlineDateStr=2026-08-28, pubDate=1789833600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1791621413386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1787911075073, onlineFirstDateStr=2026-08-28, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1787911075073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1787911075073, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1315718825799168011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2026', volume='5', issue='3', pageStart='4', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789833600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1791621412943, creator='system', updateTime=1791623747519, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1315728617838068612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1315718825799168011, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1315728617838068613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1315718825799168011, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=79, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1300156541177450766, articleId=1300156540829323533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Development Trends and Countermeasures for Quantum Computing Technology in China in Context of Future Industry Cultivation, columnId=1315718827791462412, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Sci-Tech Focus, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a disruptive technology that is reshaping traditional computing paradigms and future industrial landscapes, quantum computing is rapidly becoming a key area of global technological competition. In the context of quantum science and technology being designated as a priority area for future industry cultivation in China, its policy orientation has shifted from early scientific research breakthroughs to engineering development and commercial application. Based on the evolution of quantum computing technology and the global strategic landscape, this paper provides a forward-looking analysis of the medium- and long-term technical pathways and competitive factors of quantum computing. It analyzes the development characteristics of quantum computing in China in terms of national strategic guidance, regional cluster collaboration, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research. The study finds that China has entered the international first tier in mainstream technological routes such as photonic and superconducting quantum computing. Regional clusters in Hefei, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai have begun to take shape, and the collaborative innovation network among industry, academia, and research continues to improve. However, China still faces structural challenges in original fundamental research, independent control of key devices, the maturity of its industrial ecosystem, the supply of interdisciplinary talent, and its science communication system. In response to the new requirements of future industry cultivation, this paper proposes strengthening basic research and achieving breakthroughs in key technologies, improving industrial ecosystems and the joint development and sharing of infrastructure, building high-level interdisciplinary talent teams and collaboration mechanisms, and constructing a healthy innovation ecosystem supported by science communication and science education. This study provides a reference for policymaking aimed at transforming China’s scientific research strengths in quantum computing into competitive advantages in future industries and achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

, authors=Qing QIN1, Shukun TANG2, *, authorsList=Qing QIN, Shukun TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shukun TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology Foresight. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1300156541940814099, articleId=1300156540829323533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=未来产业培育背景下我国量子计算技术发展态势与对策, columnId=1315718827976011789, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=科技焦点, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

量子计算作为颠覆传统计算范式、重塑未来产业格局的战略性技术,正加速成为全球科技竞争的制高点。在我国将量子科技列为重点培育的未来产业背景下,其政策导向已从早期的科研突破转向工程化与商业化应用落地。文章基于量子计算技术的演进脉络与全球战略布局态势,对量子计算中长期发展的技术路线与竞争要素作出前瞻性研判,剖析了我国量子计算在国家战略引领、区域集群协同及产学研深度融合等方面的发展特征。研究发现,我国在光量子、超导等主流技术路线上已跻身国际第一方阵,合肥、北京、深圳、上海等区域集群初具规模,产学研协同创新网络持续完善,但在基础理论原创性、关键器件自主可控、产业生态成熟度、复合型人才供给及科学传播体系等方面仍面临结构性挑战。面向未来产业培育的新要求,提出应强化基础研究与关键技术攻关、完善产业生态与基础设施共建共享、建设高水平跨学科人才队伍与协同机制,并以科学传播与科学教育为支撑构建良性创新生态,为我国将量子计算的科研优势转化为未来产业竞争优势、实现高水平科技自立自强提供决策参考。

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秦庆,博士。主要从事科技政策、前沿科技资源科普化等研究。2023年、2024年连续两年入选中国科学技术协会“科技智库青年人才计划”。获中国科学院院长奖、国家奖学金、郭永怀奖学金、中国科技青年论坛三等奖等省部级及以上奖项20余项。发表国内外学术论文12篇。电子信箱:

汤书昆,教授。曾任中国科学院科学传播研究中心主任,中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院执行院长。主要从事科技政策、创新生态系统等研究。主持国家科技支撑计划、国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究团队专项、国家出版基金重大专项等研究项目。获2022年中国科学技术大学杰出研究校长奖。出版《科技传播与当代社会》《中国国家创新生态系统(丛书五卷)》等专著。电子信箱:。

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秦庆,博士。主要从事科技政策、前沿科技资源科普化等研究。2023年、2024年连续两年入选中国科学技术协会“科技智库青年人才计划”。获中国科学院院长奖、国家奖学金、郭永怀奖学金、中国科技青年论坛三等奖等省部级及以上奖项20余项。发表国内外学术论文12篇。电子信箱:

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秦庆,博士。主要从事科技政策、前沿科技资源科普化等研究。2023年、2024年连续两年入选中国科学技术协会“科技智库青年人才计划”。获中国科学院院长奖、国家奖学金、郭永怀奖学金、中国科技青年论坛三等奖等省部级及以上奖项20余项。发表国内外学术论文12篇。电子信箱:

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汤书昆,教授。曾任中国科学院科学传播研究中心主任,中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院执行院长。主要从事科技政策、创新生态系统等研究。主持国家科技支撑计划、国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究团队专项、国家出版基金重大专项等研究项目。获2022年中国科学技术大学杰出研究校长奖。出版《科技传播与当代社会》《中国国家创新生态系统(丛书五卷)》等专著。电子信箱:。

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China Science Daily, 2024-04-25(003). (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315718841364238447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦庆, 汤书昆. 国外典型量子产学研联盟案例研究及对中国的启示[J]. 世界科技研究与发展, 2023, 45(2): 243-253., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315718841431347312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin Q, Tang S K. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315718841502650481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张翼燕. 全球量子人才政策研究[J]. 全球科技经济瞭望, 2022, 37(9): 1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1315718841573953650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y Y. Research on global quantum S & T talent policies[J]. Global Science, Technology and Economy Outlook, 2022, 37(9): 1-7. 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Comparison of qubits and classical binary bits

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对比维度量子比特传统二进制比特
操作性质非确定性确定性
运行方式全系统并行计算进位制串行运算
状态特性多量子态的叠加态二进制状态
运算速率特定问题指数级加速经典架构增速趋缓
发展阶段早期产业化阶段技术成熟阶段
涉及领域人工智能、区块链、网络安全等通用计算领域
技术影响可突破传统加密体系支撑现有数字体系
), ArticleFig(id=1315718832845606959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

量子比特与传统二进制比特对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比维度量子比特传统二进制比特
操作性质非确定性确定性
运行方式全系统并行计算进位制串行运算
状态特性多量子态的叠加态二进制状态
运算速率特定问题指数级加速经典架构增速趋缓
发展阶段早期产业化阶段技术成熟阶段
涉及领域人工智能、区块链、网络安全等通用计算领域
技术影响可突破传统加密体系支撑现有数字体系
), ArticleFig(id=1315718832937881648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of spatial layouts of China’s four major quantum science and technology industrial clusters

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城市重要科教资源产业集聚区代表企业优势领域
合肥市
中国科学技术大学、合肥国家实验室、中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等合肥量子信息未来产业科技园、合肥量子科技省级未来产业先导区、合肥高新区“量子大道”中电信量子集团、国盾量子、本源量子、国仪量子等量子科技基础研究、技术攻关、工程化、产业化全链条体系策源地
北京市
北京量子信息科学研究院、清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院物理研究所、中国信息通信研究院等中关村(海淀)量子科技产业园;“量子星座”新质产业生态社区华翊量子、玻色量子、两仪万象(北京)科技有限公司、北京中科弧光量子软件技术有限公司等基础研究与产业策源地
深圳市
南方科技大学、深圳量子科学与工程研究院、深圳国际量子研究院、粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心等深圳“量子谷”华为技术有限公司(HiQ量子计算云平台)、腾讯量子实验室、量旋科技等产学研协同创新
上海市
上海量子科学研究中心、中国科学技术大学上海研究院、上海交通大学量子科技学院等上海徐汇量子计算未来产业培育区、张江“量子湾”图灵量子、太一量生、上海思源铁马量子科技实验室有限公司等应用场景与投资驱动
), ArticleFig(id=1315718833034350641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1300156540829323533, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国量子科技四大产业集群空间布局对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
城市重要科教资源产业集聚区代表企业优势领域
合肥市
中国科学技术大学、合肥国家实验室、中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等合肥量子信息未来产业科技园、合肥量子科技省级未来产业先导区、合肥高新区“量子大道”中电信量子集团、国盾量子、本源量子、国仪量子等量子科技基础研究、技术攻关、工程化、产业化全链条体系策源地
北京市
北京量子信息科学研究院、清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院物理研究所、中国信息通信研究院等中关村(海淀)量子科技产业园;“量子星座”新质产业生态社区华翊量子、玻色量子、两仪万象(北京)科技有限公司、北京中科弧光量子软件技术有限公司等基础研究与产业策源地
深圳市
南方科技大学、深圳量子科学与工程研究院、深圳国际量子研究院、粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心等深圳“量子谷”华为技术有限公司(HiQ量子计算云平台)、腾讯量子实验室、量旋科技等产学研协同创新
上海市
上海量子科学研究中心、中国科学技术大学上海研究院、上海交通大学量子科技学院等上海徐汇量子计算未来产业培育区、张江“量子湾”图灵量子、太一量生、上海思源铁马量子科技实验室有限公司等应用场景与投资驱动
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未来产业培育背景下我国量子计算技术发展态势与对策
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秦庆 1 , 汤书昆 2, *
前瞻科技 | 科技焦点 2026,5(3): 79-91
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前瞻科技 | 科技焦点 2026, 5(3): 79-91
未来产业培育背景下我国量子计算技术发展态势与对策
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秦庆1 , 汤书昆2, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽第二医学院马克思主义学院, 合肥 230601
  • 2中国科学技术大学科学传播研究与发展中心, 合肥 230026
  • 秦庆,博士。主要从事科技政策、前沿科技资源科普化等研究。2023年、2024年连续两年入选中国科学技术协会“科技智库青年人才计划”。获中国科学院院长奖、国家奖学金、郭永怀奖学金、中国科技青年论坛三等奖等省部级及以上奖项20余项。发表国内外学术论文12篇。电子信箱:

    汤书昆,教授。曾任中国科学院科学传播研究中心主任,中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院执行院长。主要从事科技政策、创新生态系统等研究。主持国家科技支撑计划、国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究团队专项、国家出版基金重大专项等研究项目。获2022年中国科学技术大学杰出研究校长奖。出版《科技传播与当代社会》《中国国家创新生态系统(丛书五卷)》等专著。电子信箱:。

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Development Trends and Countermeasures for Quantum Computing Technology in China in Context of Future Industry Cultivation
Qing QIN1 , Shukun TANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Marxism, Anhui Institute of Medicine, Hefei 230601, China
  • 2Center for Science Communication Research and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
出版时间: 2026-09-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250062
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量子计算作为颠覆传统计算范式、重塑未来产业格局的战略性技术,正加速成为全球科技竞争的制高点。在我国将量子科技列为重点培育的未来产业背景下,其政策导向已从早期的科研突破转向工程化与商业化应用落地。文章基于量子计算技术的演进脉络与全球战略布局态势,对量子计算中长期发展的技术路线与竞争要素作出前瞻性研判,剖析了我国量子计算在国家战略引领、区域集群协同及产学研深度融合等方面的发展特征。研究发现,我国在光量子、超导等主流技术路线上已跻身国际第一方阵,合肥、北京、深圳、上海等区域集群初具规模,产学研协同创新网络持续完善,但在基础理论原创性、关键器件自主可控、产业生态成熟度、复合型人才供给及科学传播体系等方面仍面临结构性挑战。面向未来产业培育的新要求,提出应强化基础研究与关键技术攻关、完善产业生态与基础设施共建共享、建设高水平跨学科人才队伍与协同机制,并以科学传播与科学教育为支撑构建良性创新生态,为我国将量子计算的科研优势转化为未来产业竞争优势、实现高水平科技自立自强提供决策参考。

未来产业  /  量子计算  /  量子优越性  /  产业生态

As a disruptive technology that is reshaping traditional computing paradigms and future industrial landscapes, quantum computing is rapidly becoming a key area of global technological competition. In the context of quantum science and technology being designated as a priority area for future industry cultivation in China, its policy orientation has shifted from early scientific research breakthroughs to engineering development and commercial application. Based on the evolution of quantum computing technology and the global strategic landscape, this paper provides a forward-looking analysis of the medium- and long-term technical pathways and competitive factors of quantum computing. It analyzes the development characteristics of quantum computing in China in terms of national strategic guidance, regional cluster collaboration, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research. The study finds that China has entered the international first tier in mainstream technological routes such as photonic and superconducting quantum computing. Regional clusters in Hefei, Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai have begun to take shape, and the collaborative innovation network among industry, academia, and research continues to improve. However, China still faces structural challenges in original fundamental research, independent control of key devices, the maturity of its industrial ecosystem, the supply of interdisciplinary talent, and its science communication system. In response to the new requirements of future industry cultivation, this paper proposes strengthening basic research and achieving breakthroughs in key technologies, improving industrial ecosystems and the joint development and sharing of infrastructure, building high-level interdisciplinary talent teams and collaboration mechanisms, and constructing a healthy innovation ecosystem supported by science communication and science education. This study provides a reference for policymaking aimed at transforming China’s scientific research strengths in quantum computing into competitive advantages in future industries and achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

future industries  /  quantum computing  /  quantum advantage  /  industrial ecosystem
秦庆, 汤书昆. 未来产业培育背景下我国量子计算技术发展态势与对策. 前瞻科技, 2026 , 5 (3) : 79 -91 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250062
Qing QIN, Shukun TANG. Development Trends and Countermeasures for Quantum Computing Technology in China in Context of Future Industry Cultivation[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2026 , 5 (3) : 79 -91 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250062
量子计算是基于量子力学原理形成的一套关于信息本质及其处理的概念和技术体系,涉及前沿数学、物理学等基础研究与工程科学的深度交叉融合,是一个复杂的多学科交叉的前沿技术领域[1]。当前,全球主要发达国家和科技巨头均已认识到量子计算的战略价值,正在加速技术研发与布局。2019年,美国谷歌公司在全球率先宣布在超导线路体系上实现了“量子计算优越性”,引发了国际社会对量子计算的空前关注。随后,中国科学院团队也于2020年在光量子体系、2021年在超导线路体系上相继实现了“量子计算优越性”的验证,我国成为率先在两种主流物理体系上实现这一里程碑式突破的国家,标志着我国量子计算研究已处于国际第一方阵[2]。
当前,我国量子计算领域政策导向已从早期的科研突破转向工程化与商业化应用落地。2025年,《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》明确指出:前瞻布局未来产业,推动量子科技等成为新的经济增长点[3];2026年全国两会《政府工作报告》进一步将量子科技纳入重点培育的未来产业范畴[4];2024年,工业和信息化部等7部门发布《关于推动未来产业创新发展的实施意见》,提出加强可容错通用量子计算技术研发,推动量子软件、量子云平台协同发展,围绕量子信息等专业领域制定专项政策文件,形成完备的未来产业政策体系[5]。面对这一系列新形势、新动态与国际科技竞争的新挑战,在未来产业培育的战略背景下,深入研判量子计算技术的最新发展态势,剖析当前发展困境并提出针对性对策,对我国把握第二次量子革命机遇、构建新质生产力、实现高水平科技自立自强具有重大现实意义。
量子计算技术是利用量子叠加和量子纠缠等特性,采用量子比特进行信息编码和运算,理论上能够以指数级速度处理基于传统二进制比特的经典计算机难以解决的复杂问题(表1),为人工智能、密码分析、气象预报、资源勘探、药物设计等领域所需的大规模计算难题提供解决方案,并可揭示量子相变、高温超导、量子霍尔效应等复杂物理机制[6]。
量子计算的提出源于对经典计算极限的哲学与工程化思考。20世纪70年代末至 80年代初,计算机科学与量子物理的交叉逐渐成形。1976年,波兰物理学家罗曼·斯坦尼斯瓦夫·英伽登发表《量子信息论》,首次指出香农信息论无法直接应用到量子领域[7],开启了量子信息领域的理论探索;1980年,保罗·贝尼奥夫提出基于量子力学的图灵机模型[8];1981年,理查德·费曼提出用量子计算机模拟量子多体系统的构想[9],成为量子计算领域的重要起点;1985年,戴维·多伊奇提出“量子图灵机”模型,奠定了量子计算的数学形式化基础[10]。
进入20世纪90年代,核心算法的突破证明了量子计算的优越性:Deutsch-Jozsa算法展示了量子计算的指数级加速潜力[11],Shor算法与Grover算法分别在整数分解、无序搜索领域证明了量子计算的不可替代性[12-13],重新定义了计算的可能性边界。
基础理论初步成熟后,物理实现成为主要挑战。2007年,加拿大D-Wave公司发布首个商用量子退火设备,开启了量子计算商业化的早期探索;2012年,离子阱领域的大卫·维因兰德团队因高精度量子门操控获得诺贝尔物理学奖;2019年,谷歌公司发布的53比特Sycamore芯片首次实现量子优越性,验证了量子计算超越经典超算的可能性[14]。
加州理工学院约翰·普雷斯基尔(John Preskill)于2018年提出的含噪声中等规模量子(Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum, NISQ)是量子计算领域的一个重要里程碑,引导研究者和产业界关注如何利用当前已具备一定规模但存在噪声的量子设备,探索其在特定任务中的实用价值[15]。Preskill在2024年提出“Megaquop时代”概念,指出当前正处于从NISQ阶段向容错量子计算过渡的关键转折期,这一阶段将通过量子纠错技术实现百万级量子操作的可靠执行,为通用容错量子计算奠定基础[16]。
我国在这一阶段取得了全球领先的成果,潘建伟院士团队研发出“九章”系列光量子计算原型机和“祖冲之”系列超导量子计算原型机,“九章四号”(2026年)获得了对高达3 050个光子的操纵和探测能力,刷新了光量子信息技术和量子计算优越性的世界纪录;105比特超导量子计算原型机“祖冲之三号”(2025年)在“量子随机线路采样”任务上计算速度比当前最快超级计算机快1 000万亿倍,成为国际超导体系中最强的量子计算优越性。
量子计算作为颠覆传统计算范式、重塑未来信息安全与产业格局的战略性技术,已成为全球主要经济体竞相角逐的科技制高点,其全球战略布局与产业生态的构建呈现出白热化趋势。
美国率先构建了系统化、全方位的顶层战略布局,在2018年出台《国家量子倡议法案》后,2026年再次更新《国家量子计划再授权法案》,提出延长国家量子倡议至2034年,重点从基础研究转向实际应用开发,要求美国商务部和能源部在法案颁布两年内提交一份《量子供应链韧性计划》,找出供应链中的不足和优先事项,商务部在3年内提交供应链能力提升计划,以保障并加强量子供应链建设[17];利用《2022年芯片与科学法案》为量子信息科学领域5年授权超100亿美元研发资金,强化量子计算关键硬件供应链的安全,推动IBM公司、谷歌公司等科技巨头与美国国家能源部实验室形成创新集群,体现了其通过技术霸权构建防御壁垒的深层意图。
欧洲联盟依托其深厚的科研底蕴,采取了强调技术主权的战略路径,于2018年正式启动了量子旗舰计划(Quantum Flagship),2024年欧洲量子旗舰计划发布《2030年战略研究和产业议程:量子技术十年目标与路线图》,提出减少对外部国家在关键组件和硬件开发上的依赖,将欧洲定位为世界上第一个“量子谷”[18];2025年进一步发布了量子欧洲战略(Quantum Europe Strategy),提出建设泛欧量子设施网络,构建欧洲联盟技术主权下独立自主的量子生态系统。
2025年,加拿大政府启动“加拿大量子冠军计划”,第一阶段向4家本土量子计算公司Anyon Systems、Nord Quantique、Photonic Inc.和Xanadu提供资助,目标是开发工业级容错量子计算机,应对全球量子竞赛和人才外流问题;2025年,日本时任首相石破茂宣布2025年是日本量子产业化元年,日本的量子计算发展路线侧重高性能混合量子、经典计算混合量子,典型案例是IBM量子系统二号(IBM Quantum System Two)与日本理化学研究所的富岳超级计算机(全球最强大的经典计算系统之一)进行集成,日本产业技术综合研究所(AIST)新设立的国家级研究中心被正式命名为“量子−AI技术全球商业研发中心”(G-QuAT);2025年,班加罗尔量子印度峰会开幕式上,印度卡纳塔克邦政府发布“量子愿景 2035”计划,提出到2035年打造规模达200亿美元的邦域量子经济。
整体来看,量子计算已被视为兼具科技革命、产业竞争与国家安全属性的战略性技术,全球量子技术路线尚未收敛,各国都在争夺标准制定权和生态主导权。未来量子计算产业的领先优势将越来越取决于国家级协调机制、开放性基础设施、优质人才供给、供应链韧性及应用场景的综合塑造。
(1)技术路线从多路径分散探索向重点突破、异质集成聚焦。超导、离子阱路线工程化成熟度持续领先,成为当前商用化探索的核心载体;中性原子、光量子路线在规模化集成与相干性上展现出显著优势;拓扑量子计算的底层容错特性成为全球长期研发方向。2024年底,谷歌公司发布了105比特超导量子处理器“垂柳(Willow)”,在码距为7的表面码上首次实现低于阈值的量子纠错[19];2025年,美国离子阱量子计算公司IonQ创下双比特门保真度99.99% 的纪录[20],哈佛大学与麻省理工学院利用448个可重构中性原子阵列,成功演示了通用、容错的量子计算核心构件,首次在中性原子量子计算体系验证了容错可行性[21]。预计未来5~10年,量子纠错技术将从原理验证走向工程化应用,逻辑量子比特的规模化集成将成为衡量各国技术实力的核心指标。
(2)产业化形态从实验室验证加速向量子计算即服务(QCaaS)演进,云平台成为技术落地的重要载体[22]。量子计算云平台通过云端开放模式,降低了量子算力的使用门槛,实现了稀缺量子资源的高效复用,成为连接基础研究、工程系统与产业需求的关键桥梁。国际上,IBM公司、微软公司、亚马逊公司等科技巨头已初步构建商用量子云服务平台,探索混合量子−经典计算架构的落地应用;国内本源量子计算科技(合肥)股份有限公司(简称本源量子)、华为技术有限公司、中电信量子信息科技集团有限公司(简称中电信量子集团)等企业相继推出自主可控的量子云平台,初步构建起全链条产业生态。从生态层面看,量子计算云平台将持续向“量子−经典”混合计算架构演进,形成量子算力、经典算力、行业知识的3层服务模式;量子软件栈、量子算法库、量子应用开发工具链等中间层生态将快速完善,降低行业用户的使用门槛。
(3)发展重心从算力指标突破向实用化能力建设转变,行业应用场景培育成为全球竞争的焦点[23]。当前全球量子计算竞争已从单纯的量子比特数量比拼,转向比特保真度、相干时间、纠错能力、工程化稳定性等实用化核心指标的竞争。围绕生物医药、金融风控、电力、能源、工业仿真等领域的行业解决方案研发[24-26],将持续成为产业价值释放的主战场,能够率先在垂直行业形成可复制、可商业化解决方案的参与者,将在未来产业格局中占据有利位置。
(4)国家级协调能力与供应链韧性建设成为国际量子竞争的关键要素[27]。量子计算作为兼具科技革命、产业竞争和国家安全属性的战略性技术,其中长期发展将高度依赖以下关键要素的系统性支撑:一是国家级协调机制的有效运行,需要政府、科研机构、企业形成协同创新的合力,避免资源分散与重复建设;二是供应链韧性的强化,特别是在稀释制冷机、低温电子学、精密激光器等关键硬件领域的自主可控能力;三是开放性基础设施的持续建设,包括量子计算云平台、量子网络、量子精密测量等公共基础设施,降低全社会的量子算力使用门槛;四是优质人才供给的保障,需要建立从基础教育到高端研发的全链条人才培养体系,应对全球性量子人才短缺。未来竞争的焦点将从单一技术指标转向国家级协调机制、供应链韧性、开放性基础设施、优质人才供给及应用场景的综合塑造。
在未来产业培育的国家导向下,我国量子计算的政策定位已经从前沿基础研究逐步上升为面向产业体系重构的战略支点。2021年,国务院发布的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出对量子信息前瞻谋划未来产业[28];在“十四五”规划基础上,2025年的“十五五”规划建议进一步将量子科技置于未来产业首位,明确提出研制可容错的通用量子计算机和可扩展的专用量子计算机;2024—2026年,量子科技连续3年被写入《政府工作报告》,明确将量子科技纳入未来产业重点培育范畴。
在持续加码的政策牵引下,我国量子计算领域已形成中央重大科技专项引领、地方产业配套、社会资本协同的多元化投入格局。在此过程中,量子计算从早期侧重基础研究的论文产出与技术指标,逐步转向以产业化为核心的全链条培育,推动一批标志性的工程化、产业化、商业化项目落地。2026年,合肥市依托“巢湖明月”超级计算机部署了超导量子计算机与离子阱量子计算机,构建了本地化部署的“量超融合系统”,为中国科学技术大学、中国科学院软件研究所、上海交通大学等单位提供算力支撑[29];中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院2025年发布国内首台冷原子商用量子计算机“汉原1号”,实现了100%国产化器件、无需低温环境的部署优势和国际一流性能,打破欧美在原子量子计算领域的长期垄断[30];本源量子研发的中国第三代自主超导量子计算机“本源悟空”2024年上线,至2026年5月160多个国家和地区的用户访问超5 000万次[31];华为技术有限公司HiQ量子计算云(2018年发布)、中电信量子集团“天衍”量子云平台(2023年发布)实现了量子算力的按需调用与全球化商用服务,打通了量子算力普惠化应用的通道。
从空间格局看,我国依托各地的科研基础与产业优势,形成了以北京、合肥、深圳、上海等为核心的量子计算产业集群,呈现出集群化发展、差异化定位的特征,并在区域协同中逐步构建起面向未来产业的生态网络(表2)。值得注意的是,2025年11月,合肥高新区、北京中关村园区、上海张江高新区、深圳高新区等9家具备量子产业发展优势的国家高新区,共同组建成国家高新区量子产业协同创新网络,助力我国在全球量子科技竞争中抢占先机。
合肥市作为量子科技的策源地,依托中国科学技术大学、合肥国家实验室等高校和科研机构,通过学术衍生和产业培育,集聚了科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司(简称国盾量子)、本源量子等领军企业,构建覆盖量子通信、量子计算、量子精密测量三大方向的基础研究、技术攻关、工程化、产业化全链条体系;产业端以国盾量子、本源量子、国仪量子技术(合肥)股份有限公司(简称国仪量子)叠加中电信量子集团为核心,集聚全国约1/3的量子核心企业,量子信息领域专利超2 000件,研发出“祖冲之”系列超导量子计算原型机、“九章”系列光量子计算原型机、“本源悟空”超导量子计算机等标志性成果,是国内唯一实现三大方向全面产业化的量子策源地,已成为全球量子产业密度最高的区域之一。
北京市依托北京量子信息科学研究院、清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院体系顶尖理论科研力量,构成了高能级创新矩阵,是国内量子基础理论创新、多路线前沿整机研发核心策源地。2023年,北京市发布的《北京市促进未来产业创新发展实施方案》将量子计算技术作为未来产业策源高地的目标之一,提出研制超导量子计算机,培育量子计算技术的产业生态和用户群体[32];在产业端,北京市2024年在海淀区打造中关村量子科技孵化器、中关村(海淀)量子科技产业园,聚集了华翊博奥(北京)量子科技有限公司(简称华翊量子)、北京玻色量子科技股份有限公司(简称玻色量子)等知名量子企业,已形成离子阱、中性原子、光量子多技术路线并行布局格局,叠加北京量子专项政策与国家级创新平台赋能,聚焦产业链条自主可控。
深圳市形成了以深圳量子科学与工程研究院(依托南方科技大学)、深圳国际量子研究院、粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心为支撑的多点研发格局,叠加深圳全球完备半导体、电子信息、超算硬件产业配套,构建产学研协同体系。2022年,深圳市发布的《深圳市人民政府关于发展壮大战略性新兴产业集群和培育发展未来产业的意见》明确将“量子信息”纳入未来产业重点发展方向[33];在产业端,深圳市聚集了华为技术有限公司、腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司两大科技巨头,叠加深圳量旋科技有限公司(简称量旋科技)等知名量子企业,聚焦量子计算云平台、量子应用软件生态及桌面型量子计算机制造,构建国内量子计算工程化制造、市场化出海、算力生态协同标杆集群,着力打造“量子谷”产业地标。
上海市突出应用场景与投资驱动,2026年1月,发布的《中共上海市委关于制定上海市国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出加强量子科技等领域敏捷布局,加快培育成势[34];在科研上,2019年成立上海量子科学研究中心,与复旦大学、上海交通大学、中国科学院等国家队力量协同,构成了高能级创新矩阵;在产业端,上海市依托张江“量子湾”等专业化产业空间载体和开放场景,集聚了上海图灵智算量子科技有限公司(简称图灵量子)、太一量生(上海)量子科技有限公司(简称太一量生)等知名量子企业,叠加上海未来产业基金、浦东区属国资创投平台等地方资本全周期金融赋能,突出应用转化、金融赋能与产业孵化,打造量子计算商业化应用与产业生态高地。
在产学研协同创新方面,我国已逐步构建起联盟化的创新网络,推动科研机构与企业深度融合。2022年,合肥国家实验室主导的量子科技产学研创新联盟在合肥成立,联盟以量子科技创新为驱动,以发展量子产业为目标,旨在搭建“政、产、学、研、用、金”协作平台,构筑可持续发展的中国量子科技产业生态体系;2023年,粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心发起成立粤港澳大湾区量子科学创新联盟,结合大湾区完整的创新优势、产业优势、区位优势,深度融合粤港澳三地产学研用高水平跨境团队优势发展量子科技。由企业主导的产业联盟也逐步完善,本源量子在2018年就对标IBM公司的量子网络(IBM Quantum Network)成立了本源量子计算产业联盟,覆盖了产业链上下游的伙伴;2023年,北京百度网讯科技有限公司与北京量子信息科学研究院联合牵头成立“量子计算产业知识产权联盟”,推动跨技术路线专利共享与标准共建互通,强化产业链安全与韧性。
在应用场景方面,我国的科研机构与量子计算企业已经在生物医药、电力等领域落地可行方案,例如本源量子使用量子经典混合神经网络,在现阶段的含噪声中等规模量子计算机上实现了乳腺钼靶图像筛查精度的提升;2024年投用的合肥候店量子应用示范变电站,开发了基于量子计算的专用电网潮流算法,并在超导量子计算机上对示范站区域真实电网进行示范验证,是国内首座量子应用示范变电站。这些实践案例为量子计算的商业化落地积累了宝贵的经验,也为未来产业的培育奠定了市场基础。
与此同时,产学研协同模式也在经历深刻调整。随着量子计算产业进入理性调整阶段,产学研的协同模式也在不断优化,阿里巴巴达摩院、北京百度网讯科技有限公司将其量子计算实验室捐赠给高校与科研机构,推动研发资源与基础研究体系的深度融合,这种模式既解决了企业长期研发投入的压力,也为高校的基础研究提供了工程化的场景和资源,我国量子计算的产学研协同进入了更注重长期价值的新阶段。
我国量子计算技术在硬件研制上已实现国际并跑甚至领跑,但在基础理论层的原始创新与关键技术突破上仍面临瓶颈。近年来,我国在量子计算原型机的性能指标上取得了系列突破,但在核心理论的前沿探索上,如新型量子算法的底层设计、高效量子纠错码的自主构建等,距国际顶尖水平仍有提升空间。当前国内量子算法研究多集中于对Shor、Grover等经典算法的优化与场景适配,缺乏能引领量子计算新范式的原生性算法创新。
同时,量子计算是一个复杂的系统工程,硬件涉及量子处理器、极低温制冷、高精度微波控制、真空封装、超净间技术等多个交叉领域,尽管我国已在部分关键器件上打破了国际垄断,但整体产业链的成熟度和国产化水平仍有待提升[35]。以极低温稀释制冷机为例,一些国内企业已推出自主产品,但在最低温度、长期制冷稳定性等核心指标上,与国际领先的Bluefors Oy、Oxford Instruments仍有技术差距,部分用于大规模量子芯片研发的高端制冷设备仍依赖进口;量子芯片设计专用的电子设计自动化(EDA)软件,国内产品在仿真精度、大规模芯片设计支持能力上仍有不足,难以满足万比特级量子芯片的设计需求。
此外,美国商务部工业与安全局(BIS)已于2024年9月将量子计算相关设备、部件、材料、软件和技术纳入出口管制,并在2025年进一步针对我国相关实体采取限制措施,并通过长臂管辖延伸至全球供应链,这意味着我国在高端器件、先进软件、供应链协同和国际合作方面面临持续外部约束,核心技术自主可控的压力进一步提升。
量子计算的产业化不仅依赖于单一技术突破,更需要成熟的产业生态与完备的基础设施支撑。目前,国内量子计算企业多为成立不足10年的初创企业,规模普遍较小,年营收大多在亿元以下,缺乏能够整合上下游资源的龙头企业,尚未形成类似IBM公司、谷歌公司这样能够覆盖全产业链的领军主体。以开源生态为例,IBM公司主导的Qiskit开源量子软件生态已有超过60万注册用户使用,这些用户在IBM量子计算机上运行了数万亿条量子电路,而国内的部分开源平台生态影响力和技术水平与其相比仍有一定差距。
此外,尽管我国早在2019年便批准成立了全国量子技术标准化技术委员会,在顶层设计层面率先布局,但国内量子计算统一的技术标准体系与权威的测试规范尚未全面确立,不同技术路线的企业自成体系,云平台接口、底层指令集及硬件控制协议互不兼容,这种异构算力环境的割裂,迫使用户在跨平台迁移时承担高昂的代码适配与二次开发成本,显著推高了应用门槛。
基础设施建设不足是制约产业发展的另一关键因素。量子计算需要特殊的实验环境,如mK级的极低温运行环境、高精度的测量与控制设备等,这些基础设施的建设成本高昂,单台高端制冷设备的成本就超过千万元,大规模量子计算实验室的建设成本超过亿元。当前区域性集群与配套基础设施的建设存在碎片化投资、重复建设与资源错配的风险,需要更强的国家级平台统筹与标准化牵引[36]。
量子计算具有显著的学科交叉性与技术融合性特征,其研发与应用不仅要求从业者具备深厚的量子物理与量子信息理论基础,更需掌握计算机体系结构、量子软件工程、低温电子学、材料科学及系统工程等多学科专业知识,对人才的复合型能力提出了极高要求。
当前,我国量子行业人才供给面临总量充裕、结构失衡的困境。尽管国内拥有庞大的理工科人才储备,但具备全栈式技术视野的复合型人才极为稀缺。具体而言,懂量子物理的学者往往缺乏工程化落地能力,深耕计算机与工程技术领域的专家量子理论基础较为薄弱,这种知识结构断层直接制约了技术从实验室走向工程化的进程。
在人才培养机制方面,长周期培养与产业急需之间的矛盾日益凸显。量子计算核心人才的培养通常需经历8~10年的本硕博贯通式培养,且高度依赖高校理论教育与产业实践平台的深度耦合。然而,当前国内跨学科培养体系尚不健全,课程设置陈旧,产教融合流于形式,导致人才供给在数量和质量上均难以满足产业快速发展的需求。
在科研组织形式上,学科壁垒与行政分割阻碍了协同创新。现有高校科研体制多基于传统学科边界设立院系,物理、计算机、材料等学科之间缺乏实质性的科研合作机制与资源共享平台,难以形成理论、软件、硬件、材料一体化的跨学科攻关团队。
此外,人才流失风险与职业发展路径的不确定性进一步加剧了人才短缺。由于量子计算产业化进程尚处于起步阶段,薪酬回报机制与职业晋升通道不如互联网、人工智能和金融等成熟行业明晰,导致大量优秀青年人才在机会成本的考量下流向高薪热门领域[37]。加之产学研转化机制不畅,青年科研人员虽具备扎实的基础理论素养,却普遍缺乏产品化思维与系统工程管理能力,无法有效衔接基础研究到产业应用的“最后一公里”,亟须构建深度融合的人才培养与流动生态机制。
量子计算作为前沿交叉学科,其社会认知度与公众理解程度整体低于人工智能、脑机接口等热门前沿科技,存在明显的技术热度高、公众认知低的错位现象。当前,国内量子计算科普资源分散于高校、科研院所与企业等创新主体,部分商业宣传存在概念泛化与技术夸大的风险,影响公众对量子计算实际发展水平的判断。
在科学传播内容层面,量子计算概念高度抽象,涉及量子叠加、量子纠缠等反直觉的物理概念,公众理解门槛远高于经典信息技术,但当前大多数科普内容停留在概念介绍层面,难以有效激发社会公众的兴趣。在科学教育体系层面,中小学科学课程中量子计算基础知识几乎缺位,青少年对量子科技的认知启蒙滞后;高校非物理专业的量子素养通识课程开设不足,跨学科后备人才储备的“蓄水池”尚未形成。在数字化协同层面,缺乏面向公众的开放共享量子计算科普资源库与线上教育平台,公众难以获得免费、可持续更新的学习资源,制约了量子计算长远发展的社会土壤培育。
当前,培育未来产业、加快形成新质生产力,已成为我国实现高质量发展与抢占全球科技竞争制高点的重要战略。量子计算作为未来信息领域的颠覆性技术,正处于从实验室探索向产业化初期跨越的拐点,其发展逻辑已由单纯追求技术指标突破,转向构建具备商业价值的完整产业生态。面向未来产业培育的新要求,需要从基础研究、产业生态、人才培养、科学传播等维度出发,推动量子计算发展模式实现从技术驱动向场景牵引转变,构建适配未来产业成长的系统性支撑体系,真正将量子计算的前沿技术优势转化为未来产业竞争优势。
应构建目标导向与自由探索相结合的基础研究支持体系。在国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等框架下,设立量子计算基础理论专项,长期稳定支持探索性、颠覆性研究,鼓励在量子纠错新方案、新型量子算法、量子复杂性理论等前沿方向进行深耕,推动学科交叉。
聚焦“卡脖子”环节,实施关键技术攻关工程。组织实施“量子计算关键核心技术攻关工程”,以“揭榜挂帅”“赛马制”等方式,集中优势力量突破量子芯片规模化制备、高性能控制电子学、高效量子纠错演示等核心技术,并建立“沿途下蛋”机制,推动阶段性成果快速转化。
强化自主创新与开放合作的双轮驱动。在加大国产替代研发力度的同时,主动布局量子计算新型技术路线,开辟新赛道。积极参与国际学术交流与标准制定,立足国际标准化组织(ISO)、国际电工委员会(IEC)等多边平台,积极输出我国技术方案,推动构建公平开放的国际标准体系,有效应对国外技术与标准壁垒。支持国内机构与国际顶尖研究团队建立实质性的联合实验室或合作项目,在全球范围内吸收创新养分,同时注重培育自主可控的技术生态链。
培育具有生态主导力的产业链领军企业。支持领军企业通过资源整合、战略投资等方式,打通从硬件研制、软件开发到应用服务的全链条,构建自主可控的产业体系。鼓励中小企业深耕特定细分领域,走专精特新发展道路,形成龙头引领、链条完整、生态活跃的产业集群格局[38]。由政府引导、领军企业牵头,联合上下游企业、高校和科研院所共同制定接口规范、数据格式、性能测试等国家与行业标准,促进软硬件互联互通,降低开发者门槛。
充分发挥新型举国体制的制度优势,统筹布局国家级量子计算基础设施网络。依托合肥、北京、上海、深圳等量子科技富集地区,建设辐射全国、开放共享的量子计算云平台集群,避免低水平重复建设。探索建立“国家量子计算中心”体系,集中配置极低温制冷、精密测量等大型公共设施,为科研机构和企业提供标准化、低成本的基础实验环境与算力服务。推动“量子−经典”混合计算架构的标准化,促进量子算力无缝融入现有超算中心与智算中心,构建多元协同的全国一体化算力网络。
创新跨学科人才培养模式。鼓励有资源和积累的高校设立“量子科学与工程”一级学科或交叉学科博士点、硕士点,设计涵盖物理、计算机、材料、工程学的课程模块。推广“双导师制”,由高校教授与企业一线工程师共同指导研究生。针对产业融入不够的问题,支持高校与科研院所、龙头企业共建“量子计算卓越工程师学院”或联合研究院[39],开展订单式培养和定向输送,保障学生在学术研究与工程实现之间获得连续性的训练,缩短人才从学术训练到工程产出的转化周期。
构建有利于跨学科协作的评价与激励制度。在项目评审、奖项评定、职称晋升中,建立认可团队贡献与交叉学科成果的评价标准。设立跨学科交叉研究基金,鼓励不同背景的科研人员组成团队联合申请。推动科研人员双向流动,支持联合招聘、轮岗制与双导师制等人才流动与培养机制创新,降低跨界研发的合作成本,形成灵活的人才交互机制。
将科学教育与科学传播纳入量子科技发展战略,提升社会认知水平与后备人才储备。依托具备科研与教学条件的高校、国家实验室和地方科技资源,联合科技馆、图书馆等公共文化机构,建设面向公众开放的量子计算科普教育基地和专题展厅。
在内容供给与知识权威性层面,应建立稳定的量子计算科普专家队伍与学术支持机制,通过制度化方式引导科研人员参与科学传播,组织权威科学家编写系列科普读物,开发虚拟量子计算实验等互动科普项目,降低公众认知门槛。在教育体系中提前布局,在中小学科学课程中适度引入量子信息基础知识与科学思维训练,并设立若干中学量子科技创新实验室试点,激发青少年兴趣。
在数字化与社会协同层面,有必要整合高校、科研院所与企业等多元创新主体,联合建设开放共享的量子计算科普资源库与线上教育平台,通过大型开放式网络课程(MOOC)、虚拟实验、云端算力体验等形式,为公众提供免费、可持续更新的学习资源,为量子计算长远发展培育沃土。
我国量子计算技术已经完成了从早期的跟跑并跑向部分领域领跑的阶段性跨越,形成了国家战略引领、区域集群协同、产学研深度融合的立体化发展格局,在光量子、超导等部分技术路线上实现了全球领先,整体技术水平跻身全球第一方阵。但仍需清醒认识到我国当前在原创理论、核心器件、产业生态与人才储备等方面存在的瓶颈,面对日益激烈的国际竞争与科技封锁,必须坚持问题导向,通过强化基础研究、完善产业生态、构建人才高地和培育科学文化等多措并举,将量子计算从科研强项转化为未来产业优势,将量子计算的颠覆性潜力转化为驱动国家高水平科技自立自强、经济社会高质量发展的现实生产力。
  • 中国科协2024年度“科技智库青年人才计划”(XMSB20240712009)
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2026年第5卷第3期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250062
  • 接收时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-20
  • 发布时间:2026-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24
  • 修回日期:2026-07-31
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中国科协2024年度“科技智库青年人才计划”(XMSB20240712009)
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    1安徽第二医学院马克思主义学院, 合肥 230601
    2中国科学技术大学科学传播研究与发展中心, 合肥 230026

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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