Article(id=1251475908834570722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1251475905764340193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250050, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763308800000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-17, revisedDate=1765036800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776304707964, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776304707964, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776304707964, creator=system, updateTime=1779263191432, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1251475905764340193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2026', volume='5', issue='1', pageStart='4', pageEnd='147', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1776304707232, creator=system, updateTime=1776331829497, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251589664889586471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1251475905764340193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251589664889586472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1251475905764340193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=主动健康与智能康复专刊, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=132, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251475911833498097, articleId=1251475908834570722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Development Strategy of New Energy Agricultural Machinery Equipment Industry under the Background of Agricultural Powerhouse Construction, columnId=1218251591044481432, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Technological Insight, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an essential material basis for modern agricultural production, agricultural machinery is undergoing a critical transformation from traditional fuel power to new energy power. This paper systematically analyzes the significance of developing new energy agricultural machinery from the three perspectives of breaking technical barriers of traditional agricultural machinery, improving the intelligence level of agricultural machinery, and promoting green sustainable development of agriculture. Meanwhile, the development status of new energy agricultural machinery is elaborated from the following technological paths: pure electric, diesel-electric hybrid, clean fuel, and solar energy. Four key problems of the complex and diverse application scenarios, multi-variety and low-volume production, inadequate supporting infrastructure, and imperfect policy system are identified. Four application scenarios and models for new energy are proposed, including plain areas, hilly areas, protected horticulture, and animal husbandry and aquaculture. Four technological innovation paths are further designed, including developing low-speed and high-torque motor technology for agricultural use, developing an economical, safe, and applicable dedicated power supply system, breaking through intelligent energy management technology for agricultural machinery, and innovating the overall design technology of new energy agricultural machinery. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward from the following five aspects: building a chain-based innovation system covering conceptual design, pilot verification and maturation application, cultivating an industrial chain ecosystem with coordinated development of overall equipment and parts, establishing a networked and shared application system for green agricultural machinery equipment, improving the standard and inspection systems for new energy agricultural machinery products and operation quality, and creating a multi-channel investment and financing mechanism supported by fiscal finance and social capital.

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农机装备作为现代农业生产的重要物质基础,面临着从传统燃油动力驱动向新能源动力驱动的重要转折。文章从突破传统农机技术壁垒、提升农机装备智能化水平、促进农业绿色可持续发展3方面,系统分析了发展新能源农机装备的重要意义,从纯电动、油电混合动力、清洁燃料动力3条技术路径阐述了新能源农机装备的发展现状,梳理出应用场景复杂多样、产品多品种小批量、基础设施不配套、政策体系不完善4个关键问题,提出了平原地区、丘陵山区、设施园艺、畜牧水产养殖4种新能源应用场景与模式,进而设计了突破农用低转速高扭矩电机技术、研发经济安全适用的专用电源系统、突破农机能源智能管理技术、创新新能源农机整机设计技术4条技术创新路径,从构建概念设计−中试验证−熟化应用的链式产业创新体系、培育整机装备与零部件协同配套的产业链生态体系、打造网联化共享型绿色智能农机装备应用体系、完善新能源农机产品与作业质量标准检测体系、建立财政金融和社会资本等多渠道投融资体系5方面提出政策建议。

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曹光乔,研究员,博士研究生导师。农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所副所长。农业农村部林果业全程机械化专家组长,中国农业机械化协会副会长,中国农业工程学会新能源农机装备专业委员会主任委员。主要从事农机化战略与装备技术研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家软科学研究计划、农业部软科学计划等40余项。参与编制“十三五”“十四五”全国农业科技和农业机械化发展规划。获省部级科技成果奖一等奖2项。发表学术论文60余篇,出版学术专著3部。电子信箱:

陈聪,博士,副研究员。中国农科院农机化发展与系统优化团队首席助理,农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所青年英才培养对象。主要从事农机化发展与系统优化研究。主持国家重点研发计划子课题、国家农业重大科技专项子课题等11项。发表学术论文40余篇,授权发明专利10件,编制行业标准5项,撰写的3份关于电动农机产业咨政报告获省部级领导肯定性批示。电子信箱:

, authorsList=曹光乔, 陈聪, 刘浩鲁, 郑建), CHT=ArticleExt(id=1263884688125509879, articleId=1251475908834570722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CHT, title=null, columnId=null, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1251475915407045178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=caoguangqiao@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1251475915574817343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, authorId=1251475915407045178, language=EN, stringName=Guangqiao CAO, firstName=Guangqiao, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251475915667092036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, authorId=1251475915407045178, language=CN, stringName=曹光乔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京210014, bio={"img":"0AzBiIrISyJFZbwXEX5kDw==","content":"

曹光乔,研究员,博士研究生导师。农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所副所长。农业农村部林果业全程机械化专家组长,中国农业机械化协会副会长,中国农业工程学会新能源农机装备专业委员会主任委员。主要从事农机化战略与装备技术研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家软科学研究计划、农业部软科学计划等40余项。参与编制“十三五”“十四五”全国农业科技和农业机械化发展规划。获省部级科技成果奖一等奖2项。发表学术论文60余篇,出版学术专著3部。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=0AzBiIrISyJFZbwXEX5kDw==, bioContent=

曹光乔,研究员,博士研究生导师。农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所副所长。农业农村部林果业全程机械化专家组长,中国农业机械化协会副会长,中国农业工程学会新能源农机装备专业委员会主任委员。主要从事农机化战略与装备技术研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家软科学研究计划、农业部软科学计划等40余项。参与编制“十三五”“十四五”全国农业科技和农业机械化发展规划。获省部级科技成果奖一等奖2项。发表学术论文60余篇,出版学术专著3部。电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1251475915763561037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenchong520206@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1251475915881001553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, authorId=1251475915763561037, language=EN, stringName=Cong CHEN, firstName=Cong, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1251475915985859157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, authorId=1251475915763561037, language=CN, stringName=陈聪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京210014, bio={"img":"b6cE0puSRConF2r7Rt0PfA==","content":"

陈聪,博士,副研究员。中国农科院农机化发展与系统优化团队首席助理,农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所青年英才培养对象。主要从事农机化发展与系统优化研究。主持国家重点研发计划子课题、国家农业重大科技专项子课题等11项。发表学术论文40余篇,授权发明专利10件,编制行业标准5项,撰写的3份关于电动农机产业咨政报告获省部级领导肯定性批示。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=b6cE0puSRConF2r7Rt0PfA==, bioContent=

陈聪,博士,副研究员。中国农科院农机化发展与系统优化团队首席助理,农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所青年英才培养对象。主要从事农机化发展与系统优化研究。主持国家重点研发计划子课题、国家农业重大科技专项子课题等11项。发表学术论文40余篇,授权发明专利10件,编制行业标准5项,撰写的3份关于电动农机产业咨政报告获省部级领导肯定性批示。电子信箱:

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Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2021(7): 47-56. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1251475921060967111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, awardId=CAAS-BRC-SAE-2025-02, language=CN, fundingSource=中国农业科学院基础科学研究中心科学任务(CAAS-BRC-SAE-2025-02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1251475921136464586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, awardId=22AZD123, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金(22AZD123), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251475915268633135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251475915289604656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, companyId=1251475915268633135, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251475915297993265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, companyId=1251475915268633135, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京210014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251475919773315740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=fig.1, caption=Development stages of new energy agricultural machinery technology, figureFileSmall=AWhk9gN91zvGaqren4RtMQ==, figureFileBig=iaKXmAQ10k74fixiLXJ30w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475919836230302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新能源农机装备技术发展阶段, figureFileSmall=AWhk9gN91zvGaqren4RtMQ==, figureFileBig=iaKXmAQ10k74fixiLXJ30w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920058528422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=fig.2, caption=Small and medium-power electric agricultural machinery equipment, figureFileSmall=GxAXgme+C60iC+gdxI1Kdw==, figureFileBig=aSjUOehgTkUnLrDn1YF0PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920171774632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中小功率电动农机装备, figureFileSmall=GxAXgme+C60iC+gdxI1Kdw==, figureFileBig=aSjUOehgTkUnLrDn1YF0PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920276632235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=fig.3, caption=High-power diesel-electric hybrid agricultural machinery equipment, figureFileSmall=31sVv+0XY2sU/bqOXxxXdw==, figureFileBig=8ivR9/tw7Sw9TGEzC0mPIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920394072750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大功率油电混合动力农机装备, figureFileSmall=31sVv+0XY2sU/bqOXxxXdw==, figureFileBig=8ivR9/tw7Sw9TGEzC0mPIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920465375922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=fig.4, caption=Clean fuel-powered agricultural machinery equipment, figureFileSmall=M1f6kFfJT8S5zRWpruQ/qA==, figureFileBig=WPZoOQE5nNR7ykNraD47oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920549262006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=图4, caption=清洁燃料动力农机装备, figureFileSmall=M1f6kFfJT8S5zRWpruQ/qA==, figureFileBig=WPZoOQE5nNR7ykNraD47oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251475920662508217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Representative new energy equipment products of globally significant construction machinery enterprises

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业国家产品型号新能源路径
卡特彼勒公司美国挖掘机Cat 301.9纯电动
株式会社小松制作所日本挖掘机PC30E-5纯电动
挖掘机HB365LC-3油电混合动力
沃尔沃建筑设备公司瑞典挖掘机ECR25纯电动
迪尔公司美国装载机310 X-tier纯电动
三一重工股份有限公司中国挖掘机SY16E纯电动
装载机SW956E纯电动
起重机STG250E5纯电动
徐州工程机械集团有限公司中国挖掘机XE17U-E纯电动
水平定向钻机XZ4055纯电动
装载机XC968-FCEV氢燃料电池
中联重科股份有限公司中国挖掘机ZE75G-E纯电动
起重机ZTC250N-EV纯电动
广西柳工集团有限公司中国装载机856H-EMAX纯电动
挖掘机922F-E纯电动
株式会社日立制作所日本挖掘机ZX55U-5EB纯电动
矿用挖掘机EX2600E-7线缆供电
利勃海尔国际股份公司德国矿用挖掘机R976-E纯电动
), ArticleFig(id=1251475920779948734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全球重要工程机械企业的代表性新能源装备产品

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业国家产品型号新能源路径
卡特彼勒公司美国挖掘机Cat 301.9纯电动
株式会社小松制作所日本挖掘机PC30E-5纯电动
挖掘机HB365LC-3油电混合动力
沃尔沃建筑设备公司瑞典挖掘机ECR25纯电动
迪尔公司美国装载机310 X-tier纯电动
三一重工股份有限公司中国挖掘机SY16E纯电动
装载机SW956E纯电动
起重机STG250E5纯电动
徐州工程机械集团有限公司中国挖掘机XE17U-E纯电动
水平定向钻机XZ4055纯电动
装载机XC968-FCEV氢燃料电池
中联重科股份有限公司中国挖掘机ZE75G-E纯电动
起重机ZTC250N-EV纯电动
广西柳工集团有限公司中国装载机856H-EMAX纯电动
挖掘机922F-E纯电动
株式会社日立制作所日本挖掘机ZX55U-5EB纯电动
矿用挖掘机EX2600E-7线缆供电
利勃海尔国际股份公司德国矿用挖掘机R976-E纯电动
), ArticleFig(id=1251475920893194944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance of 100 horsepower (73.55 kW) tractors with three power systems

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动力方式纯电动
(潍柴雷沃eTX1004)
油电混合动力
(中联重科RS1004H-HEV)
燃油
(中国一拖东方红ME1004)
质量/kg5 2604 8204 200
环境适应性/℃−15~45−25~50−35~5
噪声/dB6874(纯电动)/87(油电混合动力)91
振动加速度/(m·s−2)0.320.55(纯电动)/1.25(油电混合动力)1.65
智能化北斗三代+无人集群作业+
农艺大数据管理
智能动力分配+作业模式自学习可选装北斗导航
续航能力/h59.511
购置成本/万元986843.8
作业成本/(元·hm−2240360570
), ArticleFig(id=1251475920968692419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1251475908834570722, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3种动力方式的100马力(73.55 kW)拖拉机性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力方式纯电动
(潍柴雷沃eTX1004)
油电混合动力
(中联重科RS1004H-HEV)
燃油
(中国一拖东方红ME1004)
质量/kg5 2604 8204 200
环境适应性/℃−15~45−25~50−35~5
噪声/dB6874(纯电动)/87(油电混合动力)91
振动加速度/(m·s−2)0.320.55(纯电动)/1.25(油电混合动力)1.65
智能化北斗三代+无人集群作业+
农艺大数据管理
智能动力分配+作业模式自学习可选装北斗导航
续航能力/h59.511
购置成本/万元986843.8
作业成本/(元·hm−2240360570
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农业强国建设背景下新能源农机装备产业发展战略
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曹光乔 , 陈聪 , 刘浩鲁 1 , 郑建 1
前瞻科技 | 科技洞察 2026,5(1): 132-144
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前瞻科技 | 科技洞察 2026, 5(1): 132-144
农业强国建设背景下新能源农机装备产业发展战略
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曹光乔 , 陈聪 , 刘浩鲁1, 郑建1
作者信息
  • 1农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京210014
  • 曹光乔,研究员,博士研究生导师。农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所副所长。农业农村部林果业全程机械化专家组长,中国农业机械化协会副会长,中国农业工程学会新能源农机装备专业委员会主任委员。主要从事农机化战略与装备技术研究。主持国家重点研发计划、国家软科学研究计划、农业部软科学计划等40余项。参与编制“十三五”“十四五”全国农业科技和农业机械化发展规划。获省部级科技成果奖一等奖2项。发表学术论文60余篇,出版学术专著3部。电子信箱:

    陈聪,博士,副研究员。中国农科院农机化发展与系统优化团队首席助理,农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所青年英才培养对象。主要从事农机化发展与系统优化研究。主持国家重点研发计划子课题、国家农业重大科技专项子课题等11项。发表学术论文40余篇,授权发明专利10件,编制行业标准5项,撰写的3份关于电动农机产业咨政报告获省部级领导肯定性批示。电子信箱:

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Development Strategy of New Energy Agricultural Machinery Equipment Industry under the Background of Agricultural Powerhouse Construction
Guangqiao CAO , Cong CHEN , Haolu LIU1, Jian ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250050
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农机装备作为现代农业生产的重要物质基础,面临着从传统燃油动力驱动向新能源动力驱动的重要转折。文章从突破传统农机技术壁垒、提升农机装备智能化水平、促进农业绿色可持续发展3方面,系统分析了发展新能源农机装备的重要意义,从纯电动、油电混合动力、清洁燃料动力3条技术路径阐述了新能源农机装备的发展现状,梳理出应用场景复杂多样、产品多品种小批量、基础设施不配套、政策体系不完善4个关键问题,提出了平原地区、丘陵山区、设施园艺、畜牧水产养殖4种新能源应用场景与模式,进而设计了突破农用低转速高扭矩电机技术、研发经济安全适用的专用电源系统、突破农机能源智能管理技术、创新新能源农机整机设计技术4条技术创新路径,从构建概念设计−中试验证−熟化应用的链式产业创新体系、培育整机装备与零部件协同配套的产业链生态体系、打造网联化共享型绿色智能农机装备应用体系、完善新能源农机产品与作业质量标准检测体系、建立财政金融和社会资本等多渠道投融资体系5方面提出政策建议。

新能源农机装备  /  技术路径  /  应用场景  /  技术创新  /  产业链  /  政策建议

As an essential material basis for modern agricultural production, agricultural machinery is undergoing a critical transformation from traditional fuel power to new energy power. This paper systematically analyzes the significance of developing new energy agricultural machinery from the three perspectives of breaking technical barriers of traditional agricultural machinery, improving the intelligence level of agricultural machinery, and promoting green sustainable development of agriculture. Meanwhile, the development status of new energy agricultural machinery is elaborated from the following technological paths: pure electric, diesel-electric hybrid, clean fuel, and solar energy. Four key problems of the complex and diverse application scenarios, multi-variety and low-volume production, inadequate supporting infrastructure, and imperfect policy system are identified. Four application scenarios and models for new energy are proposed, including plain areas, hilly areas, protected horticulture, and animal husbandry and aquaculture. Four technological innovation paths are further designed, including developing low-speed and high-torque motor technology for agricultural use, developing an economical, safe, and applicable dedicated power supply system, breaking through intelligent energy management technology for agricultural machinery, and innovating the overall design technology of new energy agricultural machinery. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward from the following five aspects: building a chain-based innovation system covering conceptual design, pilot verification and maturation application, cultivating an industrial chain ecosystem with coordinated development of overall equipment and parts, establishing a networked and shared application system for green agricultural machinery equipment, improving the standard and inspection systems for new energy agricultural machinery products and operation quality, and creating a multi-channel investment and financing mechanism supported by fiscal finance and social capital.

new energy agricultural machinery and equipment  /  technological paths  /  application scenarios  /  technological innovation  /  industrial chain  /  policy suggestion
曹光乔, 陈聪, 刘浩鲁, 郑建. 农业强国建设背景下新能源农机装备产业发展战略. 前瞻科技, 2026 , 5 (1) : 132 -144 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250050
Guangqiao CAO, Cong CHEN, Haolu LIU, Jian ZHENG. Development Strategy of New Energy Agricultural Machinery Equipment Industry under the Background of Agricultural Powerhouse Construction[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2026 , 5 (1) : 132 -144 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250050
农为邦本,器利农桑。2018年习近平总书记在黑龙江考察时强调,要大力推进农业机械化、智能化,为农业现代化插上科技的翅膀[1]。人类农业生产历经原始农业刀耕火种、传统农业牛耕铁犁、现代农业燃油内燃机驱动,每一次生产工具动力方式的变革,都大幅提升了劳动生产率,降低了劳动强度。当前,全球气候变化加剧,“双碳”目标成为国际共识,农业绿色和可持续发展转型势在必行[2]。随着风能、太阳能和氢能等绿色清洁能源技术的成熟应用,以传统燃油内燃机为代表的农机装备,正在迎来新一轮农业绿色能源动力技术的替代升级。与此同时,近年来物联网、大数据、人工智能等新技术日新月异,推动农机装备智能化和农业生产智慧化进程加速,逐步实现驱动方式绿色化、作业决策自主化和参数控制精准化,正在引领我国农业科技和生产方式的全方位体系化深刻变革[3]
新能源农机装备主要以电能、太阳能、氢能等新能源作为动力来源,在田间完成耕整地、播种、施肥、植保、收获、运输等重要农事任务[4]。发展新能源农机装备,是加快突破传统燃油农机技术壁垒,全面提升农机作业智能化水平,实现农业绿色可持续发展的必然要求,具有重大战略和现实意义。
长期以来,全球大马力高端农机装备领域的无级变速系统(Continuously Variable Transmission, CVT)、动力换挡变速箱、高压共轨燃油发动机等关键技术,被德国罗伯特·博世有限公司、美国迪尔公司、日本久保田株式会社(简称久保田)等跨国农机企业垄断。据统计,我国300马力(220.65 kW)以上拖拉机关键部件进口依赖度超80%,整机70%需从欧美进口[5]。近年来,我国以电动汽车为代表的新能源产业实现了从“跟跑”到“领跑”的跨越发展,2024年中国新能源汽车产销量超过1 000万台,市场渗透率达到45%[6]。三一重工股份有限公司(简称三一重工)[7]、徐州工程机械集团有限公司(简称徐工集团)[8]等全球主要工程机械企业推出了SY16E微型电动挖掘机、XC968-FCEV氢动力装载机等新能源装备,以纯电动为主要技术路径,详见表1。续航要求较低的环卫车[9]、固定路线物流车等新能源专用车辆已经实现规模化应用。上述相关产业积累的技术与产业优势,为新能源农机装备提供了重要借鉴,有助于突破大马力农机动力系统技术瓶颈,实现“换道超车”,推动科技自立自强和产业自主可控。
电动化线控技术利用电驱动,取代传统机械部件、液压机或气动式等机械能传动,更容易实现农机部件整机智能控制,以及种、肥、水、药的变量精准作业。电动拖拉机采用电控液压,通过高精度伺服阀实现ms级响应,旋耕作业深度误差控制在±5 mm以内,大幅提升了土地平整度和播种出苗率[10]。电驱播种机高精度伺服电机可实现单粒精播,取代地轮或链条驱动,高速播种作业的播深误差控制在±2 cm以内,漏播与重播率低于1%,较传统机械式播种机节省种子30%[11]。电动无人植保飞机可精准调控旋翼旋转参数,结合搭载的卫星导航与惯性导航技术,实现施药量和飞行位姿精准控制,防治效率、效果和舒适性远优于地面植保机械,成为农作物暴发性病虫害防治的主导机型。
新能源农机装备可实现零排放作业,有效防止尾气污染,减少温室气体排放,提升农产品品质。据测算,我国农业碳排放量约占碳排放总量的8%,其中农机排放量占50%左右[12]。农机氮氧化物排放量是符合国家第六阶段机动车污染物排放标准的载货汽车的3倍,柴油燃烧不充分产生的粉尘、重金属等污染物,易附着在水果、蔬菜等农产品表面,影响农产品质量安全,在设施园艺等密闭条件下的影响尤为突出。传统燃油农机振动加速度达5 m/s2[13],电动农机通过取消内燃机与传动轴,并以多功能电控手柄取代复杂机械操纵杆,可使驾驶室振动加速度降至1 m/s2以内[14],驾驶舒适性大幅提升。在养殖业领域,传统燃油动力装备在饲草转运或拌料作业中,噪声普遍达到70~100 dB[15],对奶牛、蛋鸡等形成应激反应,影响动物健康与产出效率。新能源农机噪声可降低至40~70 dB[16],为畜禽集约化养殖创造安静清洁的空间环境。
经过多年发展,全球农机装备新能源技术路径有纯电动、油电混合动力、清洁燃料动力3条技术路径,呈现出匹配功率差异化发展特征,并在不同作业场景发挥关键作用(图1)。
电动农机装备以电能为动力源,通过电动机将电能转化为机械能,驱动工作部件完成农事田间作业,具有能源清洁、智能舒适、噪声振动小等显著优势,常见的电动农机装备包括电动拖拉机、植保无人机、谷物收获机和园林割草机等[17-18],主要应用于小规模、精细化作业场景,如设施农业温室大棚内的低扰动耕整、植保和收获,梯田的轻简化作业,果园茶园的精准管理(图2)。2017年,美国拖拉机制造商Solectrac公司成功研发出第一款25马力(18.39 kW)紧凑型电动拖拉机,随后开发出40马力(29.42 kW)和70马力(51.48 kW)的纯电动拖拉机。2018年,中国一拖集团有限公司(简称中国一拖)等单位联合生产下线“超级拖拉机1号”,该拖拉机成为国内首款无驾驶室纯电动拖拉机。2022年美国凯斯纽荷兰工业集团(简称凯斯纽荷兰)推出120马力(88.26 kW)全电动轻型T4无人驾驶拖拉机。2023年,久保田在欧洲市场推出25马力(18.39 kW)电动拖拉机。电动割草机已实现广泛应用,2024年其全球市场规模超过190亿美元。2025年,以深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司(简称大疆创新)、广州极飞科技股份有限公司(简称极飞科技)等科技型企业为代表的电动植保无人飞机[19],在我国保有量超过20万台。设施园艺种植电动化趋势显著[20],南通省力机电科技有限责任公司(简称省力科技)、无锡悦田农业机械科技有限公司(简称悦田农机)等企业的电动蔬菜播种机、移栽机和叶菜收割机等已经实现产业化应用。
油电混合动力农机装备以内燃机和电动机为动力源,驱动农机具作业,包含串联式和混联式两种。油电混合动力农机根据作业工况和负荷需求,通过能量管理系统,智能切换或协同分配动力,提高能源利用效率,主要应用于对动力、续航和作业效率要求较高的大规模农业生产场景,如大型农场与垦区的连片耕整、播种和收获作业(图3)。2022年,中国一拖推出220马力(161.81 kW)油电混合动力东方红HB2204拖拉机。2023年,广西玉柴机器集团有限公司(简称玉柴机器)研发了农机作业油电混合动力总成系统IE-POWER,可配套50~400马力(36.77~294.2 kW)农机装备,目前已在江苏常发农业装备股份有限公司(简称常发农装)、临工农业装备有限公司(简称临工农机)等生产的多款大中马力拖拉机和谷物联合收割机使用。英轩重工有限公司(简称英轩重工)推出的YX3004-8HEV油电混合动力拖拉机,搭载自主研发的双动力耦合系统,将燃油效率提升40%[21]。中联重科股份有限公司(简称中联重科)TE100-DH小麦收割机采用电机直驱简化传动路径,油耗降低10%,可配装物联网智能终端,具有作业监控、智能诊断、整机定位等功能。中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司(简称铁建重工)研发的4MZD-4E采用油电混合动力引擎的大型采棉机,较燃油采棉机的油耗降低20%,成为新疆建设兵团棉花采收的主推机型[22]
清洁燃料动力农机装备以氢气、甲烷等为动力源,将化学能转化为电能,驱动农机具完成田间作业[23]图4)。早在2009年凯斯纽荷兰推出了第一代NH2氢燃料电池拖拉机,2012年推出第二代NH2氢燃料电池拖拉机,在意大利农场投入使用。2020年,国家农机装备创新中心联合清华大学,以超级拖拉机1号为原型,研发的东方红ET504-H氢燃料电池拖拉机,加氢3 min,可实现4 h长续航作业[24]。2021年,荷兰H2Trac公司推出了首款EOX175氢燃料电池拖拉机。2023年,德国芬特公司基于芬特700系列拖拉机架构,开发了第一代氢燃料电池拖拉机。该拖拉机采用氢燃料电池和25 kW·h电池组合,为100 kW(135.96马力)电动机提供动力,可支持拖拉机5 h左右的中等强度作业。而太阳能农机装备适宜轻负荷作业[25],如大田虫情监测与诱捕、灌溉闸门系统、设施卷帘设备驱动等,未来有望在田间播种、除草、施药等集群式机器人作业领域得到广泛应用。
以市场上主流100马力(73.55 kW)拖拉机为例,对比分析纯电动、油电混合动力、燃油3种机型的关键性能(表2)。综合来看,纯电动农机装备结构紧凑、转向灵活、环保低噪声、智能化程度高、作业成本低,但整机质量更大、续航短、价格高,在电池能量密度无重大突破的情况下,尚不适宜发展大型装备,但在丘陵山区小田块、设施园艺及畜禽水产养殖等小型农机领域应用前景广泛;油电混合动力农机装备开辟了电子控制无级变速箱(Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission, ECVT)/电子控制磁链式无级变速箱(Electronically Controlled Magnetic Continuously Variable Transmission, EMCVT)在大马力动力系统中的应用新路径,适宜大马力拖拉机、大喂入量谷物收割机,以及青储饲料、薯类等大型收获装备等,环境适应性强,但整机成本仍较高。
农机装备作业环境多为高滑转率松软土壤,深耕深翻等需要超高负荷输出,丘陵山区小地块需频繁切换“作业−停止−作业”状态[26],农作物耕播复式作业需同步控制前进、耕、播、覆土、镇压等多道工序,复杂工况对农用电池、电机、油电混合动力及能量管控系统的动态载荷适应性提出了严苛要求。农机装备作业还需满足泥水、高粉尘、农药化肥侵蚀等极端条件,对电池和电机密闭性标准要求高。农业生产“农时短、农闲长”[27],例如,我国两熟制地区单季作物播栽和收获期不足10 d,农机在农忙期间不间歇作业,遇到极端天气甚至通宵抢种抢收,但在长达10个多月的农闲期,机具则处于闲置状态,这对电池能量密度、热管理和续航时间提出了更高要求。
我国农机制造企业超过8 000家,规模以上企业2 200余家,“大国小农”的国情农情决定了农机装备市场多品种、小批量和非标准化的特征[28],这与新能源装备产业的标准化集约化的供应链体系不相适应。新能源农机装备市场发展刚刚起步,总体规模小,市场总体规模不及新能源汽车的1%,年销量超过千台的单类农机产品不足0.1%,定制农机专用电池包和低转速高扭矩电机,边际成本远高于新能源汽车。
新能源农机装备普及应用离不开农村电网、充电桩和换电站等基础设施支撑。电动农机快充需要高压电网支持,当前我国多数农村地区电网容量不足,普遍仅能承载20~50 kW负荷[29]。农机季节性使用特征明显,利用率不高,充电/换电设施投资回报周期长,制约农村充电和换电基础设施建设。
标准体系建设滞后,农机“三电”(电池、电机、电子控制)系统、安全规范等标准尚未出台,企业自建标准互认率低。产品和作业质量检测鉴定能力缺失,尚未建立电池极端环境性能、氢燃料系统可靠性、油电混合动力能量管理效率等专项性能检测条件。新能源农机装备价格普遍高于传统农机装备,财政金融支持补贴机制不健全。
为加速新能源农机装备技术熟化应用和产业化,亟需面向不同区域(平原和丘陵山区等)、不同产业(大宗粮油作物、设施园艺、畜禽水产养殖等)、不同生产环节(耕种管收等),因地制宜打造适配应用场景和关键农机装备。
1)平原地区重点推广大马力高效智能油电混合动力农机装备
东北平原、黄淮海平原和西北地区是我国粮棉油糖饲草作物主产基地,农田地块大、集中连片,农机作业动力和效率要求高。该区域应重点推广100马力(73.55 kW)以上的油电混合动力拖拉机,搭载柴油−电并联驱动系统,在耕整地、牵引式收获等重负荷作业时启用柴油动力;播种、覆膜、撒肥等中低负荷作业转向电机驱动。收获环节重点推广油电混合动力型8 kg以上的大喂入量的谷物联合收割机、大型采棉机、青储饲料收获机等。植保作业重点推广电动无人植保飞机。加快突破新能源农机装备的智能控制关键技术,全面集成卫星导航、5G通信、智能传感等核心技术模块,实现作业质量监控、故障智能诊断、路径自动规划跟踪和变量作业等功能。
2)丘陵山区重点推广纯电动农机装备和低空载运作业装备
针对丘陵山区梯田、坡耕地和林地等作业场景,根据农机小田块灵活调头转移、农资及农产品转运等需求,重点开发50~100马力(36.77~73.55 kW)油电混合动力拖拉机、纯电动拖拉机、谷物联合收割机。着力推进小型电动农机具与模块化电池背包系统的组合应用,构建适用于梯田、坡地的轻型电动装备作业模式。微耕机、插秧机和播种机以纯电动技术路线为主,采用可拆卸电池设计,适配水稻插秧、中耕除草等轻负荷作业。丘陵山区面临化肥、农药等农业生产资料上山及农产品下山运输难题,应大力推广大载荷长航时的多旋翼运载无人机。
3)设施园艺重点加强生产全过程电动化装备技术集成应用
在设施蔬菜作业装备方面,构建耕种管收纯电化作业装备解决方案,探索纯电、增程、拖电等多能源系统,吊轨式、履带式、轮式等多行走系统协同,重点集成应用新能源拖拉机和耕整作畦、精细播种、高效移栽、施肥植保、高质收获、田间运输等电动化作业装备,打造更多零排放智能化设施果蔬温室。充分利用设施温室空间条件,在连栋温室顶部铺设透光率70%的柔性光伏膜,搭配磷酸铁锂储能系统,为电动卷帘机、水肥一体机等设备提供绿色动力。在林果业生产装备方面,重点推广油电混合动力拖拉机、电动除草机、电动修剪机、智能采摘机、可升降式电动作业平台和电动运输车等作业装备。
4)畜禽水产养殖重点推广低噪声纯电化智能农机装备
畜禽养殖场景需重点解决养殖动物噪声耐受问题,减少粪污处理过程中的碳排放。可集成应用纯电动饲草料运输、翻堆、加工装备,配备高防护电池,在场区完成饲草料的运输、加工、推料、投喂等作业,较柴油车噪声可降低20 dB,减少对牛羊鸡等养殖动物的噪声污染。建设粪污厌氧发酵+沼气发电一体化系统,实现电能驱动固液分离机和翻抛机等设备。水产养殖场景重点开发池塘用轻量化电动渔船、电动水草梳割机、鱼虾蟹电动捕捞设备,结合固定式的投饵机、增氧机、水质监测设备、尾水处理系统等电动装备,探索池塘养殖全程机械化电动化生产模式。试点引入“风光储充”离网系统,依托风机和光伏板供电,实现水质调控、饲喂环节完全脱网运行。
根据农业生产场景需求和新能源农机“三电”系统要求,重点在以下4方面开展技术创新,加快突破关键核心技术,全面提升装备的安全性、可靠性、适应性和先进性。
1)突破农用低转速高扭矩电机技术
开发耐冲击永磁同步电机,采用钕铁硼稀土永磁体与H级绝缘材料,设计研发高扭矩直驱电机。突破液冷−风冷双模散热技术,实现高温作业环境下,通过智能温控系统切换散热模式,确保电机持续输出功率不衰减。针对农田恶劣环境侵蚀问题,重点突破电机全封闭防护技术,采用多层密封结构与纳米涂层,防止粉尘、农药腐蚀侵入。针对农机田间作业颠簸振动问题,重点突破振动抑制技术,开发基于磁流变材料的自适应减振支座,确保田间作业电机振动幅度控制在安全范围内。
2)研发经济安全适用的专用电源系统
针对农机作业“农时短、农闲长”与冲击载荷大的特点,研发农机专用电池能量管理系统。根据作业续航要求,确定电源设计方案,合理选择纯电动或油电混合动力技术,设计超级电容+动力电池的复合电源系统应对冲击载荷。根据作业环境条件选择补能方式,设计快充快换模式,实现快速补能。针对农机开放环境,研发多层级热失控防护技术,确保电池包在外部高温炙烤下的性能安全。优化电池布局,同时兼顾配重与防碰撞安全需求。
3)突破农机能源智能管理技术
针对农机作业负载突变、能源需求波动大的特点,构建“感知−决策−执行”全链路智能能量控制网络。基于农机田间作业阻力实时预测模型,开发多源油电混合动力系统功率分配决策算法,实现油电混合动力农机在作业环境变化时柴油机与电机输出功率动态调整。针对农机制动能量损失,开发能量回收系统,在联合收割机下坡、拖拉机转向时回收动能,提升农机综合能效。研发与新能源农机装备匹配的智能作业控制系统,包括耕层耕深自主调整,种子播量、播深和行株距自主控制,收获机前行速度、喂入量和工况智能控制等。
4)创新新能源农机整机设计技术
研发设计分布式电驱动系统,开发轮毂电机、轮边电机与中央电机等多模式组合架构。针对农田松软作业环境,采用四轮独立驱动电机,实现扭矩精准分配与防沉陷功能。在标准化接口上,重点研制通用化动力输出、快速换接与悬挂系统,研发与新能源动力系统适配的电驱作业农机具,满足多场景作业需求。在人机工程与舒适性提升方面,研发符合人体工学的悬浮式座椅、多向可调方向盘、集成化触控/语音交互界面、驾驶室密封技术等,改善驾驶操作环境,降低长时间作业疲劳。
加快新能源农机装备产业发展,需加快构建场景驱动的链式产业创新体系,培育协同配套的产业链生态体系,打造绿色智能农机装备应用体系,完善装备与作业质量标准检测体系,建立多渠道投融资体系,全面破解技术、产业、市场与资金瓶颈约束。
1)构建概念设计−中试验证−熟化应用的链式产业创新体系
设立专项研发产业化基金,加快突破共性关键技术,实施“揭榜挂帅”技术攻关计划,给予企业部分研发费用补贴或实行研发后补助。支持科教单位或科企联合体设立“新能源农机装备概念设计中心”,提供早期技术可行性评估和原型技术研发服务。行业龙头企业牵头成立中试验证中心,对原型技术和关键零部件系统进行小批量试制生产,为整机企业提供免费试验场地与检测认证。农机化技术推广部门按平原、山地、高原及设施种植养殖业等场景类型,牵头建设若干熟化应用场景基地,开展耕种管收机械化作业规模化试验验证,缩短装备技术研发周期,确保农机装备经得住市场考验。
2)培育整机装备与零部件协同配套的产业链生态体系
培育纯电动拖拉机、大马力油电混合动力拖拉机、大喂入量油电混合动力谷物收获机等整机链主企业,推进零部件企业与整机企业协同配套,引导整机企业“发榜”“发单”“发包”,零部件企业“揭榜”“接单”“接包”等方式,实现供需高效对接。支持整机企业与零部件企业建立战略合作关系,实现标准互认、信息联通、订单共享、产能对接。鼓励跨界渗透融合,支持新能源汽车和工程机械企业拓展农机装备业务,开放其充换电网络共享,构建“乘用车(或工程车)−农机装备”产业链协同生态。建立退役电池梯次利用中心,将剩余容量比例较高的车用电池重组为农村或园区农机储能站,降低电池全生命周期成本。推动农村面广量大的电动运输车等与农机装备电池互通互用,提升电池利用率。
3)打造网联化共享型绿色智能农机装备应用体系
在设施种植养殖业实施“零碳温室(牧场、渔场)”示范应用工程,力争用5年左右时间,使设施农业全部实现电动化清洁能源替代和生产零排放。依托国营农场、农业龙头企业和农机合作社等,在粮棉油种植业加快打造规模化绿色智慧示范农场,配置耕种管收新能源智能农机装备和风光储充能源设施,探索能源闭环增值模式。适应农村电网容量限制,构建“本地优先、多元互补、智能高效”的光储充换供能体系。充分利用夜间谷电发展智能慢充,推广集中式与移动式电池换电服务,实现补能接口标准化,兼容快充、慢充和换电。大力发展光伏发电、小型风电等本地分布式能源,配套智能储能系统,形成“新能源发电−储能缓冲−农机用能”微电网系统。试点“电池银行”“农机共享合作社”等商业模式,提高设备利用率。
4)完善新能源农机产品与作业质量标准检测体系
立足工业和信息化部发布的《制造业中试标准体系建设指南(2025版)》中“系统布局、急用先行、创新驱动、应用牵引、工作协同、开放合作”原则,构建“质量标准−仪器设备−检测平台”标准支撑体系,加速新能源农机装备质量认证和技术落地。在标准体系方面,国家标准化管理委员会牵头制定专用电池防爆、电磁兼容等强制性安全标准,行业部门或协会制定分机型产品性能和作业质量标准。在专用仪器设备方面,重点研发田间作业工况下的关键部件整机检测仪器设备,开发农田温振复合测试台、高压泥浆防尘密封舱、扭矩−功耗耦合测试平台等专用设备,解决非结构环境适应性与农艺效能量化评价难题。在鉴定检测平台方面,打造国家−区域−企业三级联动检测网络平台,国家级平台重点负责安全合规与基础性能检测,区域级验证基地重点负责区域环境作业安全性、可靠性和适应性评价,企业级自检平台负责产品原型机的检测评价。
5)建立财政金融和社会资本等多渠道投融资体系
建立“购机补贴+作业补贴”双重支持政策,对购置新能源农机给予40%~50%的购置与应用补贴,同时按照新能源农机作业面积给予额外补贴。完善农机报废更新补贴政策,对农户淘汰报废小马力拖拉机、旋耕机、渔船等高耗能老旧农机,优先支持购置新能源农机装备。试点“新能源农机保险”,开发电池衰减险、作业中断险等定制产品,保费由财政补贴承担。设立新能源农机产业基金,通过股权投资等形式,支持关键技术企业。在粮食主产区试点“电费分期”模式,农户可凭作业订单向电网公司申请电费延后结算,缓解现金流压力。推动新能源农机碳核算与交易体系建设,制定碳减排核算标准,精准量化柴油替代、绿电使用及化肥减施的减排效益,将新能源农机装备纳入全国碳市场(China Certified Emission Reduction, CCER)交易体系,加速碳资产流动交易和变现。
在加快建设农业强国的时代新征程中,新能源农机装备的发展已不仅仅是一项技术变革,更是推动农业生产方式绿色转型、保障国家粮食安全与生态安全的重要战略支撑。我国农机装备产业经历了从引进消化到自主创新的持续积累,正处在从“机械替代”向“智能绿色”升级的关键跃迁期。新能源农机装备产业在迎来历史性机遇的同时,也面临应用场景复杂多样、产业链条尚不健全、产业生态亟待培育等多重挑战,需要政府、高校、科研院所、企业和农业生产主体协同发力,完善从技术研发、产品制造到推广应用的全链条支持体系,健全标准检测和基础设施网络,营造有利于产业孵化和市场开拓的政策环境,从而推动我国新能源农机装备产业实现更高水平的自主可控和高质量发展,为全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国筑牢坚实的装备根基。
  • 中国农业科学院基础科学研究中心科学任务(CAAS-BRC-SAE-2025-02)
  • 国家社会科学基金(22AZD123)
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2026年第5卷第1期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.20250050
  • 接收时间:2025-11-17
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
  • 发布时间:2026-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17
  • 修回日期:2025-12-07
基金
中国农业科学院基础科学研究中心科学任务(CAAS-BRC-SAE-2025-02)
国家社会科学基金(22AZD123)
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    1农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京210014

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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