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前瞻科技
| 前瞻
2023, 2(4): 5-6
加强高速磁浮交通基础理论和关键技术研究,保持中国高速轨道交通科技领先水平
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加强高速磁浮交通基础理论和关键技术研究,保持中国高速轨道交通科技领先水平.
前瞻科技,
2023
, 2
(4)
: 5
-6
.
.
Science and Technology Foresight,
2023
, 2
(4)
: 5
-6
.
交通工具速度不断提升和突破的历史,就是交通技术发展的历史,也是人类社会不断进步和生活水平不断提高的历史。磁浮交通是传统铁路交通发展100年后诞生的新技术,以无接触的方式重构列车与线路的相互关系,突破传统地面交通工具的速度极限,将对综合交通运输系统产生革命性的影响。
中国在高速磁浮交通的研发和应用经验方面处于世界领先行列。习近平总书记在中国科学院第二十次院士大会、中国工程院第十五次院士大会和中国科学技术协会第十次全国代表大会上,将“时速600公里高速磁浮试验样车成功试跑”作为中国高端产业取得的一项新突破。同时,习近平总书记强调科技攻关要从国家急迫需要和长远需求出发,前瞻部署一批战略性、储备性技术研发项目,瞄准未来科技和产业发展的制高点。高速磁浮交通是可预见的未来陆地运行速度最快的交通工具,在一定程度上反映出一个国家交通科技、先进制造、信息与控制等领域的技术水准,是全球交通科技领先国家竞相研发的热点。
中国工程院十分重视高速及超高速磁浮交通的发展态势。自“十三五”以来,钱清泉院士、何华武和孙永福院士牵头,先后设立了多个与高速磁浮及低真空管道(隧)超高速磁浮交通相关的战略研究课题,动员了全国从事磁浮交通研究的高校、院所和企业的众多专家参与,对常导电磁悬浮、低温超导电动悬浮和高温超导永磁钉扎型悬浮3种制式的技术特征、关键技术、主要优缺点、技术经济性、技术就绪度进行了较为深入研究和讨论,对3种制式主要技术特征和发展状况取得了基本共识,并提出了尽快选择一段试验线,验证中国自主研制的600 km/h速度级常导磁浮交通系统的建议。同时还建议继续对超导悬浮和低真空管(隧)道超高速磁浮交通基础理论和关键技术进行研究。
2023年9月14—15日,国家自然科学基金委员会以国家战略需求为导向,在全球唯一拥有高速磁浮列车示范运营线的上海召开题为“高速磁浮交通前沿技术及关键基础科学问题”第346期双清论坛。论坛基于世界高速磁浮交通的发展现状、前沿科学问题和发展趋势,并结合中国在该领域的研究现状和研究基础,对未来的重点发展方向、关键基础科学问题和资助布局达成以下共识。
(1)发展路线问题:作为目前地面最高速度的运载工具,高速磁浮交通系统设计的基本目标是在所有运行场景和工况下实现系统的稳定性、列车运行平稳性和环境相容性。立足于中国已有技术基础、产业配套条件和运维经验,优先选定“常导电磁悬浮+长定子直线同步电机”为中国高速磁浮交通系统的制式,并基于现实条件开展系统集成试验和优化迭代。
(2)关键科学问题:面向600 km/h速度级的运行速度,高速磁浮交通系统车辆和轨道之间的可控电磁力系统的稳定域潜力是系统承受外部载荷、适应轨道刚度及平顺性控制的决定性因素。国内已经按照600 km/h速度级的运行要求,设计并研制了车辆、牵引供电及运行控制系统设备,但对于复杂环境及工况的系统优化理论、方法和检验体系尚需进一步发展完善。
(3)资助布局建议:围绕核心科学问题,需要在创造条件进行自主设备高速运行集成试验验证的同时,开展面向系统运行稳定性、平稳性、环境相容性和经济适用性的设计理论、方法等研究。从本期论坛的讨论中,梳理出以下3个重点研究方向,并建议优化其基础理论和关键技术,研究资助布局。① 高速磁浮车辆与轨道之间可控电磁力作用机理与失稳机制。② 保障车辆平稳运行的悬浮导向控制、高能效牵引供电系统配置与控制。③ 大气、周边设施及地质环境作用机理与控制、试验验证方案。
需要说明的是,目前中国高铁技术处于世界领先水平,要保持这一地位,没有新的技术、新的发明是不可能的。本期论坛展现了中国高速磁浮交通领域研究的最新风貌,较深入全面地探讨了目前所存在的关键科学问题和技术瓶颈,重点是面向系统运行稳定性、平稳性、环境相容性和经济适用性的设计理论、方法研究,特别是悬浮、导向与牵引电磁力系统可适应的列车气动设计、轨道刚度、平顺性、直线牵引系统优化配置等正向设计的理论、方法和检验体系研究。论坛还提出了政府主导和支持,加强产学研用协同创新和促进应用转化,加快国家交通强国战略实施的建议。
第346期双清论坛共同主席
中国工程院院士 卢春房
中国铁道学会理事长
2023年第2卷第4期
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- 出版时间:2023-12-20
- 发布时间:2024-01-07
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/1241742321088262600
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| | | | | 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 |
| | | | | 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 |
| | | | | 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 |
| | | | | 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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