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前瞻科技
| 前瞻
2023, 2(3): 21-23
推动道路交通工程技术发展,助力交通运输现代化建设
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出版时间: 2023-09-20
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推动道路交通工程技术发展,助力交通运输现代化建设.
前瞻科技,
2023
, 2
(3)
: 21
-23
.
.
Science and Technology Foresight,
2023
, 2
(3)
: 21
-23
.
交通是经济的脉络和文明的纽带,成为中国现代化的开路先锋。党中央、国务院先后印发了《交通强国建设纲要》《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》,擘画了中国交通运输中长期发展的战略蓝图和美好愿景,这是新时代党和国家赋予中国交通运输业的崇高使命,为中国交通运输事业的发展提供了根本遵循。
道路交通作为最基础、最广泛的运输方式,在综合交通运输体系中具有不可替代的作用。加快构建安全、便捷、高效、绿色、经济的现代化道路交通运输体系,是落实交通强国战略的客观要求,是满足人民美好生活需要的重要支撑,更是建设社会主义现代化国家的重要组成部分。
改革开放以来,中国道路交通运输事业实现了历史性大发展。路网规模迅速扩大,道路交通安全和服务水平显著提升,治理体系不断改善,国际影响力明显增强。总体上看,道路交通实现了从改革开放之初的被动满足人民群众的出行需求到现阶段引领社会经济发展的转变,为不断满足人民群众日益增长的出行需求和促进经济社会发展作出了重大贡献。
与此同时,中国道路交通领域科技创新也不断取得突破,在道路交通系统规划设计、运行管控、安全保障等方面取得了一批标志性的重大科技成果。这些成果为大城市道路交通的常态化管理提供了有力保障,也有效支撑了以雄安新区、北京城市副中心等为代表的重大交通工程建设和以北京冬季奥林匹克运动会、北京夏季奥林匹克运动会、北京世界园艺博览会、上海世界博览会等重大活动为代表的城市交通系统运行管控,实现了中国现代化道路交通系统的效能提升。
近年来,信息革命的浪潮不断推动着道路交通系统的全面变革,这也为解决道路交通安全、拥堵、能源效率等问题提供了新的技术路径。在科学技术部、交通运输部、工业和信息化部、国家自然科学基金委员会等大力支持下,中国审时度势、精心谋划、超前布局一系列重大科技攻关项目,尤其在交通大数据应用、交通运行态势分析研判、交通执法和出行服务等方面已经走在世界前列。中国道路交通事故总量和死亡人数大幅下降,应急救援水平显著提升,极大地促进了道路交通向更加安全和可持续的方向发展。自动驾驶、车路协同、共享出行等新技术、新业态、新产业和新模式不断涌现,也促进了道路交通运输系统组织形式、运行方式和运营模式的重大变革。
“十四五”规划开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,道路交通进入了加快建设交通强国、率先实现现代化和高质量发展的新阶段。作为国民经济和社会发展的重要组成部分,道路交通既要抓住机遇,也要迎接挑战,强化工程技术创新引领,推动交通强国建设。
道路交通工程技术发展受到不同时期社会需求演变的影响。从早期重视交通安全逐步演变为注重系统效能和韧性提升,从道路交通系统孤立运行到多网融合,从一般货物运输到如今的超大件运输等多样化需求等,这些需求的演变为道路交通工程技术发展提供了新的挑战和机遇。近年来,在新兴技术的推动下,道路交通工程技术的发展总体上呈现出三大趋势:一是运载工具智能化快速发展;二是信息技术与交通深度融合;三是交通系统呈协同运行趋势。道路交通工程技术正面临一场关乎生产方式和发展模式的深刻变革,未来主要面临五个方面的挑战:一是支持多种运输方式协调运行和控制; 二是移动互联打破交通管理、服务、交易和信息的层级界限;三是大数据技术给交通全局协同优化和智能服务带来革命性的变化;四是无人驾驶交通系统、共享出行系统等新型交通系统概念不断涌现;五是以安全和高效为目标的运载工具信息交互与控制技术开始走向实用。
交通运输部、科学技术部2021年联合发布了《关于科技创新驱动加快建设交通强国的意见》,2022年联合印发了《交通领域科技创新中长期发展规划纲要 (2021— 2035年)》和《“十四五”交通领域科技创新规划》。在国家战略指引下,中国道路交通工程技术发展要始终坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康,重点关注道路交通工程未来发展趋势以及交通强国建设面临的重大瓶颈问题,进一步加强顶层设计。
一是道路交通系统规划设计。道路交通不仅是综合立体交通网中一个关键组成部分,更是作为重要纽带为不同交通运输方式之间的衔接提供关键支撑。面向交通强国战略下综合立体交通“多网融合”“一体化发展”等发展需求,支撑构建现代化高质量国家综合立体交通网的发展目标,重点围绕综合立体交通多网融合规划理论与设计方法、综合客运枢纽集群协同发展等方面开展研究,实现道路交通系统的协调、安全发展。
二是道路交通系统运行管控。道路交通系统管控是缓解交通拥堵等城市交通问题的重要手段,其核心在于智能化、精细化的管理和服务。面向推动道路交通系统管控智能化升级的发展需求,支撑道路交通运行精准管控的发展目标,重点围绕道路交通控制系统、道路交通系统韧性提升技术和本质安全提升技术等方面开展研究,实现道路交通系统的高效、可靠运行。
三是道路交通出行服务。面向信息环境下高质量交通出行服务的客观需求,提高交通系统整体服务效能,支撑道路交通系统“一体化出行”的发展目标,重点围绕大规模个体出行规律、预约式交通出行服务、多模式公交协同运行等方面开展研究,实现道路交通系统的供需适配发展。
四是道路交通系统重构。道路交通系统重构有助于促进道路交通系统的现代化升级,以适应当前交通运输和新兴技术融合发展的新要求。面向运载工具智能化和交通新基建的融合发展需求,支撑道路交通系统车路协同的发展目标,重点围绕无人运输系统、交通时空资源动态适配、交通智能化、协同化发展。
交通运输是兴国之要、强国之基。以加快建设交通强国为统领,推动交通运输的质量变革、效率变革、动力变革,不断依靠科技创新培育发展新动力,着力增强行业科技创新能力建设,瞄准世界前沿领域,围绕“卡脖子”关键技术,统筹重大科技研发,加快技术突破,实现“人享其行,物优其流”,为全面建设社会主义现代化强国和实现中华民族伟大复兴提供强有力的支撑。
《前瞻科技》2023年第3期出版道路交通工程专刊,从道路交通系统规划设计、运行管控、出行服务、系统重构等方面阐述国内外进展、关键技术发展方向及对策建议等,期望能够为相关学者的研究和相关部门的科学决策提供借鉴,为加快交通运输现代化进程发挥积极作用。
2023年第2卷第3期
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- 出版时间:2023-09-20
- 发布时间:2023-10-10
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/1241742064442995666
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| | | | | 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 |
| | | | | 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 |
| | | | | 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 |
| | | | | 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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