Article(id=1241717234473685954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1241716739256406826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653148800000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-22, revisedDate=1654099200000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1660752000000, onlineDateStr=2022-08-18, pubDate=1655654400000, pubDateStr=2022-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1660752000000, onlineIssueDateStr=2022-08-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773978058685, creator=sys-migrate, updateTime=1773978058685, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1241716739256406826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2022', volume='1', issue='2', pageStart='103', pageEnd='214', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1655654400000', pubDateStr='2022-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=null, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1773977940615, creator='sys-migrate', updateTime=1773977940615, updator='sys-migrate', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241716740053332394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1241716739256406826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=null, specialIssueAbout=null), CN=IssueExt(id=1241716739961057705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1241716739256406826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=深潜科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=null, specialIssueAbout=null)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=198, endPage=211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241717249124389837, articleId=1241717234473685954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Application and Prospect of Soft Robots for Extreme Environments: From Preliminary Mariana Trench Exploration to Some Thoughts on Jupiter II (Europa), columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the dream of “clasping the moon in the Ninth Heaven and seizing turtles deep in the Five Sea” gradually turns into the real footprint of China’s science and technology development, the new tasks and visions of deep sea and deep space exploration become increasingly challenging, calling for the support of innovative principles and technologies. This paper reviews the general development of operating equipment and soft robots for extreme environments and outlines the system principle and design method of the deep-diving experiments the robot with a soft-rigid fused structure conducted over 10 km deep down the Mariana Trench. Finally, the idea of exploration of Europa’s deep sea based on this principle is proposed to provide a reference for the development of deep sea and deep space exploration technologies.

, authors=null, authorsList=Tiefeng LI, Yaoting XUE, Dongrui RUAN, Fanghao ZHOU, Xunuo CAO, Pei ZHAO, Haofei ZHOU, Yang GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiefeng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241717249002755019, articleId=1241717234473685954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=极端环境软体机器人应用与展望——从马里亚纳海沟初探到木卫二畅想, columnId=1148708266483446458, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=综述与述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

当“上九天揽月,下五洋捉鳖”的梦想逐步成为中国科学技术发展的现实足迹,深海、深空探索的新任务和设想也变得更具挑战,需要创新原理和技术的支撑。文章综述了极端环境作业装备以及软体机器人的发展概况,介绍了软硬融合结构机器人在马里亚纳海沟万米深海开展的深潜实验的系统原理与设计方法,并提出基于该原理的木卫二深海探索概念,为深海深空探测技术发展提供参考。

, authors=

李铁风,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事软物质与智能机器人系统研究。国家杰出青年科学基金、浙江省杰出青年科学基金获得者。获中国青年五四奖章、中国科协青年人才托举工程、科学探索奖(前沿交叉领域)、麻省理工科技评论科技创新35人(MIT TR35-China)等荣誉。研究成果“自供电软机器人成功挑战马里亚纳海沟”入选“2021年度中国科学十大进展”。发表Nature封面论文,Science Advances等研究论文60余篇。电子信箱:

, authorsList=李铁风, 薛耀庭, 阮东瑞, 周方浩, 曹许诺, 赵沛, 周昊飞, 高扬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李铁风, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ytwHuiNkFNRNq4e2RwvEEA==, magXml=Ji4CityKRzZT9KMYK6PHaQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=NNNFWHO2HMtz8vvWMrQncQ==, pdfFileSize=12620151, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ivB/cQRvUOmG7naXrbOpAg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zC7+aHqQWHXKWrgFNHlW2A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1241717418628805469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=litiefeng@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717418750440286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717418628805469, language=EN, stringName=Tiefeng LI, firstName=Tiefeng, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717418821743455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717418628805469, language=CN, stringName=李铁风, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=, address=null, bio={"img":"fgq7yWHclBLuvhGZ4jdTFA==","content":"

李铁风,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事软物质与智能机器人系统研究。国家杰出青年科学基金、浙江省杰出青年科学基金获得者。获中国青年五四奖章、中国科协青年人才托举工程、科学探索奖(前沿交叉领域)、麻省理工科技评论科技创新35人(MIT TR35-China)等荣誉。研究成果“自供电软机器人成功挑战马里亚纳海沟”入选“2021年度中国科学十大进展”。发表Nature封面论文,Science Advances等研究论文60余篇。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=fgq7yWHclBLuvhGZ4jdTFA==, bioContent=

李铁风,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事软物质与智能机器人系统研究。国家杰出青年科学基金、浙江省杰出青年科学基金获得者。获中国青年五四奖章、中国科协青年人才托举工程、科学探索奖(前沿交叉领域)、麻省理工科技评论科技创新35人(MIT TR35-China)等荣誉。研究成果“自供电软机器人成功挑战马里亚纳海沟”入选“2021年度中国科学十大进展”。发表Nature封面论文,Science Advances等研究论文60余篇。电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717418918212449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717420402996066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717418918212449, language=EN, stringName=Yaoting XUE, firstName=Yaoting, middleName=null, lastName=XUE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717420520436579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717418918212449, language=CN, stringName=薛耀庭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717420608516965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717420725957478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717420608516965, language=EN, stringName=Dongrui RUAN, firstName=Dongrui, middleName=null, lastName=RUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717420793066343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717420608516965, language=CN, stringName=阮东瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717420868563817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717420931478378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717420868563817, language=EN, stringName=Fanghao ZHOU, firstName=Fanghao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421015364459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717420868563817, language=CN, stringName=周方浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717421082473325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421153776494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421082473325, language=EN, stringName=Xunuo CAO, firstName=Xunuo, middleName=null, lastName=CAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421216691055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421082473325, language=CN, stringName=曹许诺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717421304771441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421359297394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421304771441, language=EN, stringName=Pei ZHAO, firstName=Pei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421422211955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421304771441, language=CN, stringName=赵沛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717421489320821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421569012598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421489320821, language=EN, stringName=Haofei ZHOU, firstName=Haofei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421636121463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421489320821, language=CN, stringName=周昊飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1241717421715813241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421782922106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421715813241, language=EN, stringName=Yang GAO, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241717421850030971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, authorId=1241717421715813241, language=CN, stringName=高扬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241717421950694268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=10-km deep diving), Keyword(id=1241717422021997437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Europa exploration), Keyword(id=1241717422105883518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=robots adaptive to extreme environments), Keyword(id=1241717422181380991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=stress control of fused body), Keyword(id=1241717422244295552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=万米深潜), Keyword(id=1241717422315598721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=木卫二探测), Keyword(id=1241717422391096194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=极端环境自适应机器人), Keyword(id=1241717422500148100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=融合体应力调控)], refs=[Reference(id=1241717425859785626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1126/science.aaa7378, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=348, issue=6237, pageStart=865, pageEnd=867, url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa7378, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Armbrust E, Palumbi S, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Armbrust E, Palumbi S. Uncovering hidden worlds of ocean biodiversity[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6237): 865-867., articleTitle=Uncovering hidden worlds of ocean biodiversity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717425935283099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.06.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=163, issue=1, pageStart=431, pageEnd=450, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0029801818310308, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Satja S, Joseph C, Edin O, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Satja S, Joseph C, Edin O, et al. Underwater manipulators: A review[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2018, 163(1): 431-450., articleTitle=Underwater manipulators: A review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426069500828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=1, issue=1, pageStart=77, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=胡庆玉, 舒国平, 冯朝, journalName=数字海洋与水下攻防, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡庆玉, 舒国平, 冯朝. 深海AUV发展趋势研究[J]. 数字海洋与水下攻防, 2018, 1(1): 77-80., articleTitle=深海AUV发展趋势研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426178552733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=352, issue=null, pageStart=451, pageEnd=468, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322714000747, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Wynn R B, Huvenne V, Bas T, journalName=Marine Geology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wynn R B, Huvenne V, Bas T, et al. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Their past, present and future contributions to the advancement of marine geoscience[J]. Marine Geology, 2014, 352: 451-468., articleTitle=Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Their past, present and future contributions to the advancement of marine geoscience, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426300187550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2746, pageEnd=2756, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=封锡盛, 李一平, 徐会希, journalName=中国有色金属学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=封锡盛, 李一平, 徐会希, 等. 深海自主水下机器人发展及其在资源调查中的应用[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2021, 31(10): 2746-2756., articleTitle=深海自主水下机器人发展及其在资源调查中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426379879327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=126, pageEnd=136, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=崔维成, 姜哲, 王芳, journalName=科技导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔维成, 姜哲, 王芳, 等. 2020年深海潜水器热点回眸[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(1): 126-136., articleTitle=2020年深海潜水器热点回眸, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426442793889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=56, issue=4, pageStart=188, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=姜哲, 崔维成, journalName=中国造船, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜哲, 崔维成. 全海深潜水器水动力学研究最新进展[J]. 中国造船, 2015, 56(4): 188-199., articleTitle=全海深潜水器水动力学研究最新进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426572817314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1242/jeb.202.6.661, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=202, issue=6, pageStart=661, pageEnd=674, url=https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/6/661/8001/Kinematic-scaling-of-locomotion-by-hydrostatic, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Quillin K J, journalName=Journal of Experimental Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Quillin K J. Kinematic scaling of locomotion by hydrostatic animals: Ontogeny of peristaltic crawling by the earthworm lumbricus terrestris[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999, 202(6): 661-674., articleTitle=Kinematic scaling of locomotion by hydrostatic animals: Ontogeny of peristaltic crawling by the earthworm lumbricus terrestris, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426652509091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=55, pageEnd=59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=王雅琳, 刘都群, 杨依然, journalName=无人系统技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雅琳, 刘都群, 杨依然. 2019年水下无人系统发展综述[J]. 无人系统技术, 2020, 3(1): 55-59., articleTitle=2019年水下无人系统发展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426719617956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=27625917, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Galloway K, Becker P, Phillips B, journalName=Soft Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Galloway K, Becker P, Phillips B, et al. Soft robotic grippers for biological sampling on deep reefs[J]. Soft Robotics, 2016, 3(1): 23-33., articleTitle=Soft robotic grippers for biological sampling on deep reefs, refAbstract=This article presents the development of an underwater gripper that utilizes soft robotics technology to delicately manipulate and sample fragile species on the deep reef. Existing solutions for deep sea robotic manipulation have historically been driven by the oil industry, resulting in destructive interactions with undersea life. Soft material robotics relies on compliant materials that are inherently impedance matched to natural environments and to soft or fragile organisms. We demonstrate design principles for soft robot end effectors, bench-top characterization of their grasping performance, and conclude by describing testing at mesophotic depths. The result is the first use of soft robotics in the deep sea for the nondestructive sampling of benthic fauna.), Reference(id=1241717426782532517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1089/soro.2017.0097, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=399, pageEnd=409, url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/soro.2017.0097, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Kurumaya S, Phillips B T, Becker K P, journalName=Soft Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kurumaya S, Phillips B T, Becker K P, et al. A modular soft robotic wrist for underwater manipulation[J]. Soft Robotics, 2018, 5(4): 399-409., articleTitle=A modular soft robotic wrist for underwater manipulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717426912555942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0200386, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Vogt D M, Becker K P, Phillips B T, journalName=PLOS One, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vogt D M, Becker K P, Phillips B T, et al. Shipboard design and fabrication of custom 3D-printed soft robotic manipulators for the investigation of delicate deep-sea organisms[J]. PLOS One, 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200386., articleTitle=Shipboard design and fabrication of custom 3D-printed soft robotic manipulators for the investigation of delicate deep-sea organisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427004830631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.procs.2011.09.046, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=7, issue=null, pageStart=294, pageEnd=296, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877050911006065, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Kuppuswamy N, Carbajal J, journalName=Procedia Computer Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kuppuswamy N, Carbajal J. Learning a curvature dynamic model of an octopus-inspired soft rRobot arm using flexure sensors[J]. Procedia Computer Science, 2011, 7: 294-296., articleTitle=Learning a curvature dynamic model of an octopus-inspired soft rRobot arm using flexure sensors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427080328104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1089/soro.2017.0028, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=305, pageEnd=316, url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/soro.2017.0028, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Licht S, Collins E, Mendes M L, journalName=Soft Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Licht S, Collins E, Mendes M L, et al. Stronger at depth: Jamming grippers as deep sea sampling tools[J]. Soft Robotics, 2017, 4(4): 305-316., articleTitle=Stronger at depth: Jamming grippers as deep sea sampling tools, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427160019881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.3390/jmse10040537, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Chen L, Bi S, Cai Y, journalName=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen L, Bi S, Cai Y, et al. Design and experimental research on a bionic robot fish with tri-dimensional soft pectoral fins inspired by Cownose Ray[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022, doi: 10.3390/jmse10040537., articleTitle=Design and experimental research on a bionic robot fish with tri-dimensional soft pectoral fins inspired by Cownose Ray, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427235517354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1038/s41586-020-03153-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=591, issue=7848, pageStart=66, pageEnd=71, url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03153-z, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Li G, Chen X, Zhou F, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G, Chen X, Zhou F, et al. Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench[J]. Nature, 2021, 591(7848): 66-71., articleTitle=Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427340374955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1126/scirobotics.aan8072, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Wang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, et al. A biorobotic adhesive disc for underwater hitchhiking inspired by the remora suckerfish[J]. Science Robotics, 2017, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.aan8072., articleTitle=A biorobotic adhesive disc for underwater hitchhiking inspired by the remora suckerfish, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427482981292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abm6695, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li L, Wang S, Zhang Y, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li L, Wang S, Zhang Y, et al. Aerial-aquatic robots capable of crossing the air-water boundary and hitchhiking on surfaces[J]. Science Robotics, 2022, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.abm6695., articleTitle=Aerial-aquatic robots capable of crossing the air-water boundary and hitchhiking on surfaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427587838893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abe0637, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Byun J, Park M, Baek S, journalName=Science Robotics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Byun J, Park M, Baek S, et al. Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter[J]. Science Robotics, 2021, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.abe0637., articleTitle=Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427650753454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=3, issue=5, pageStart=823, pageEnd=833, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wang K, Shen Y, Yang Y, journalName=Nature Ecology & Evolution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang K, Shen Y, Yang Y, et al. Morphology and genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench provide insights into deep-sea adaptation[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019, 3(5): 823-833., articleTitle=Morphology and genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench provide insights into deep-sea adaptation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427726250927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.ihb.cas.cn/sq90/Photostory/202007/t20200706_5619392.html, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=中国科学院水生生物研究所, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国科学院水生生物研究所. 狮子鱼为您揭开深海7000米的生命奥秘[EB/OL]. [2020-07-06]. http://www.ihb.cas.cn/sq90/Photostory/202007/t20200706_5619392.html, articleTitle=狮子鱼为您揭开深海7000米的生命奥秘, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427793359792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1103/PhysRev.71.809, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1947, volume=71, issue=null, pageStart=809, pageEnd=824, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.71.809, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Birch F, journalName=Physical Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Birch F. Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals[J]. Physical Review, 1947, 71: 809-824., articleTitle=Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427847885745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=81, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Holzapfel W, journalName=High Pressure Research: An International Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Holzapfel W. Equations of state for solids under strong compression[J]. High Pressure Research: An International Journal, 1998, 16: 81-126., articleTitle=Equations of state for solids under strong compression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717427906606002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1038/s41565-017-0023-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=133, pageEnd=138, url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-017-0023-9, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Gao Y, Cao T, Cellini F, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Y, Cao T, Cellini F, et al. Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13(2): 133-138., articleTitle=Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429391389619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.jmps.2016.01.016, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=92, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=27, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022509616000181, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Vattrén A, Denoual C, journalName=Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vattrén A, Denoual C. Polymorphism of iron at high pressure: A 3D phase-field model for displacive transitions with finite elastoplastic deformations[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2016, 92: 1-27., articleTitle=Polymorphism of iron at high pressure: A 3D phase-field model for displacive transitions with finite elastoplastic deformations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429475275700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=10, pageStart=650, pageEnd=661, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=黄艳萍, 黄晓丽, 崔田, journalName=物理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄艳萍, 黄晓丽, 崔田. 原位高压测试技术在高压结构及性质研究中的应用[J]. 物理, 2019, 48(10): 650-661., articleTitle=原位高压测试技术在高压结构及性质研究中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429538190261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2036-z, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=579, issue=null, pageStart=67, pageEnd=72, url=https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2036-z, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Zhou X, Feng Z, Zhu L, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou X, Feng Z, Zhu L, et al. High pressure strengthening in ultra-fine-grained metals[J]. Nature, 2020, 579: 67-72., articleTitle=High pressure strengthening in ultra-fine-grained metals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429609493430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=562, pageEnd=575, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Klimczak M, Cecot W, journalName=21st International Conference on Computational Science(ICCS). Cham:Springer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klimczak M, Cecot W. MsFEM upscaling for the coupled thermo-mechanical problem[C]// 21st International Conference on Computational Science(ICCS). Cham:Springer, 2021: 562-575., articleTitle=MsFEM upscaling for the coupled thermo-mechanical problem, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429689185207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Özgün Ö, journalName=Finite element modeling of electromagnetic radiation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Özgün Ö. Finite element modeling of electromagnetic radiation[D]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429798237112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.179, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=192, issue=null, pageStart=310, pageEnd=318, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0013468616301785, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Yin L, Jin Y, Leygraf C, journalName=Electrochimica Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin L, Jin Y, Leygraf C, et al. A FEM model for investigation of micro-galvanic corrosion of Al alloys and effects of deposition of corrosion products[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 192: 310-318., articleTitle=A FEM model for investigation of micro-galvanic corrosion of Al alloys and effects of deposition of corrosion products, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717429861151673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/Lactamat.2019.09.014, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=180, issue=null, pageStart=189, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Ren X, Shi P, Zhang W, journalName=Acta Materialia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren X, Shi P, Zhang W, et al. Swamps of hydrogen in equiatomic FeCuCrMnMo alloys: First-principles calculations[J]. Acta Materialia, 2019, 180: 189-198., articleTitle=Swamps of hydrogen in equiatomic FeCuCrMnMo alloys: First-principles calculations, refAbstract=High-entropy alloys (HEAs) merit promising applications in nuclear reactors. A FeCuCrMnMo HEA with low activation under neutron irradiation was studied, which was first focused on the search of an equilibrium state by a hybrid method combining the Metropolis Monte Carlo method and density functional theory (DFT). As a transmutation byproduct in fission reactions or fuel for fusion reactions, the evolution of hydrogen, in the HEA was then investigated through a systematic analysis of H solution and diffusion using DFT and molecular dynamics simulations. Rooted in the unique distortion of HEA lattices, i.e., the destroyed translational symmetry of the energy landscape, tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial positions have no significant difference in the priority of H residing. Diffusion of H, as a guest atom, also presents a sluggish effect. The dramatic increases and decreases in potential energy generate a great number of insurmountable barriers pervading the matrix and largely suppressing the mobility of H. However, this effect originates not only from the difference between the potential energies of interstitial positions as observed with host atoms, which increases the fluctuation of migration barriers and decreases the effective atomic jump frequency, but also from the destabilization of interstitial positions for H residing. This blocks the diffusion channels of H and further decreases the atomic jump probability in Einstein's equation. The present investigation provides fundamental insight into H behavior in HEAs and clues for the application of HEAs as materials of tritium permeation barriers or resistance to hydrogen irradiation. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.), Reference(id=1241717429961814970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.06.027, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=524, issue=null, pageStart=9, pageEnd=20, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022311519304416, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Fu J, Chen Y, Fang J, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu J, Chen Y, Fang J, et al. Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in W and W-Re alloys[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2018, 524: 9-20., articleTitle=Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in W and W-Re alloys, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717430175724475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.013, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=500, issue=null, pageStart=42, pageEnd=49, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022311517308991, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Li H, Qin Y, Yang Y, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li H, Qin Y, Yang Y, et al. The evolution of interaction between grain boundary and irradiation-induced point defects: Symmetric tilt GB in tungsten[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2018, 500: 42-49., articleTitle=The evolution of interaction between grain boundary and irradiation-induced point defects: Symmetric tilt GB in tungsten, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717430326719420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.04.026, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=121, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=34, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927025616301859, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Chakraborty S, Zhang J, Ghosh S, journalName=Computational Materials Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chakraborty S, Zhang J, Ghosh S. Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations for characterizing plastic deformation in crystalline materials with cracks[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2016, 121: 23-34., articleTitle=Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations for characterizing plastic deformation in crystalline materials with cracks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717430578377661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.jmps.2017.02.010, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=102, issue=null, pageStart=209, pageEnd=223, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022509616307128, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Gao S, Fivel M, Ma A, journalName=Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao S, Fivel M, Ma A, et al. 3D discrete dislocation dynamics study of creep behavior in Ni-base single crystal superalloys by a combined dislocation climb and vacancy diffusion model[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2017, 102: 209-223., articleTitle=3D discrete dislocation dynamics study of creep behavior in Ni-base single crystal superalloys by a combined dislocation climb and vacancy diffusion model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717430779704254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.actamat.2013.05.021, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=61, issue=14, pageStart=5300, pageEnd=5310, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359645413003893, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Prasad Reddy G V, Robertson C, Déprés C, journalName=Acta Materialia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Prasad Reddy G V, Robertson C, Déprés C, et al. Effect of grain disorientation on early fatigue crack propagation in face-centred-cubic polycrystals: A three-dimensional dislocation dynamics investigation[J]. Acta Materialia, 2013, 61(14): 5300-5310., articleTitle=Effect of grain disorientation on early fatigue crack propagation in face-centred-cubic polycrystals: A three-dimensional dislocation dynamics investigation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717430897144767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1038/s41467-020-17263-9, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Weng B, Song Z, Zhu R, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Weng B, Song Z, Zhu R, et al. Simple descriptor derived from symbolic regression accelerating the discovery of new perovskite catalysts[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17263-9., articleTitle=Simple descriptor derived from symbolic regression accelerating the discovery of new perovskite catalysts, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431132025792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108509, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Yang C, Kim Y, Ryu S, journalName=Materials and Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang C, Kim Y, Ryu S, et al. Prediction of composite microstructure stress-strain curves using convolutional neural networks[J]. Materials and Design, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108509., articleTitle=Prediction of composite microstructure stress-strain curves using convolutional neural networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431312380865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=64, issue=7, pageStart=635, pageEnd=648, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=李想, 严子铭, 柳占立, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李想, 严子铭, 柳占立. 机器学习与计算力学的结合及应用初探[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(7): 635-648., articleTitle=机器学习与计算力学的结合及应用初探, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431454987202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=82, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=李想, 严子铭, 柳占立, journalName=力学进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李想, 严子铭, 柳占立, 等. 基于仿真和数据驱动的先进结构材料设计[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(1): 82-105., articleTitle=基于仿真和数据驱动的先进结构材料设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431559844803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaz4169, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Mao Y, He Q, Zhao X, journalName=Science Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao Y, He Q, Zhao X. Designing complex architectured materials with generative adversarial networks[J]. Science Advances, 2020, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4169., articleTitle=Designing complex architectured materials with generative adversarial networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431777948612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1038/s41467-022-29458-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Culberg R, Schroeder D M, Gregor Steinbrügge, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Culberg R, Schroeder D M, Gregor Steinbrügge. Double ridge formation over shallow water sills on Jupiter,s moon Europa[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29458-3., articleTitle=Double ridge formation over shallow water sills on Jupiter,s moon Europa, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717431966692293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.pss.2019.06.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Hofstadter M, Simon A, Atreya S, journalName=Planetary and Space Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hofstadter M, Simon A, Atreya S, et al. Uranus and Neptune missions: A study in advance of the next Planetary Science Decadal Survey[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2019.06.004., articleTitle=Uranus and Neptune missions: A study in advance of the next Planetary Science Decadal Survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717432092521414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.pss.2020.104960, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Blanc M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Andr N, journalName=Planetary and Space Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blanc M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Andr N, et al. Joint Europa Mission (JEM): A multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2020.104960., articleTitle=Joint Europa Mission (JEM): A multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717432151241671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=107, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=高博宇, 陈忠贵, 周文艳, journalName=航天器工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高博宇, 陈忠贵, 周文艳. 国外木星探测任务进展与分析[J]. 航天器工程, 2021, 30(5): 107-114., articleTitle=国外木星探测任务进展与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717432222544840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.032, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=123, issue=null, pageStart=330, pageEnd=339, url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0094576515303040, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Atchison J A, Ozimek M T, Kantsiper B L, journalName=Acta Astronautica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Atchison J A, Ozimek M T, Kantsiper B L, et al. Trajectory options for the DART mission[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2016, 123: 330-339., articleTitle=Trajectory options for the DART mission, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241717432306430921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, doi=10.3901/JME.2021.13.083, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=57, issue=13, pageStart=83, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=姚智晓, 晁超越, 郭浩语, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚智晓, 晁超越, 郭浩语, 等. 火星壤采样探测技术研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(13): 83-101., articleTitle=火星壤采样探测技术研究进展与发展趋势, refAbstract=在火星探测任务中,火星壤探测的有效性和重要性突显了对火星壤采样探测技术的迫切需求。对人类至今为止的45次火星探测任务进行了集中化和图形化综合,阐述了四种火星探测方式:飞掠探测、环绕探测、着陆原位探测和着陆巡视探测。在阐述了各国/机构的火星壤采样探测技术及设备的工作机理、参数性能和发展现状,以及各国未来的火星探测计划的基础上,对目前已采用的火星壤采样探测方法进行了对比、分析及评价,并阐述了六种火星壤采样探测方法:铲挖式、钻取式、穿透式、鼹鼠式、研磨式和爪簧式。进一步对火星壤采样探测面临的地球资源约束、火星环境约束、火星地质约束和通讯时延约束四类关键技术难点和挑战做出了分析。最后,对火星壤采样探测技术的范围扩大化、需求多样化、策略长远化和实现智能化四类发展趋势做出了展望。)], funds=[Fund(id=1241717425759122329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, awardId=T2125009, language=CN, fundingSource=国家杰出青年科学基金(T2125009), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241717418490393433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241717418515559258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, companyId=1241717418490393433, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Center for X-Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241717418536530779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, companyId=1241717418490393433, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江大学航空航天学院交叉力学中心,杭州 310027)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241717422642754437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CsaWe45dSiRFyaUNSDZR7Q==, figureFileBig=ivB/cQRvUOmG7naXrbOpAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717422709863302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图1, caption=国产深海装备, figureFileSmall=CsaWe45dSiRFyaUNSDZR7Q==, figureFileBig=ivB/cQRvUOmG7naXrbOpAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717422873441159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yG+5XQHtXSpPvIAN6yNL6Q==, figureFileBig=sNFadhhX2AVDdAb4zEBzyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717422940550024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2020年11月13日“沧海”号着陆器为“奋斗者”号万米深潜高清直播

(来源:中央广播电视总台)

, figureFileSmall=yG+5XQHtXSpPvIAN6yNL6Q==, figureFileBig=sNFadhhX2AVDdAb4zEBzyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423020241801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VfTx4zvzE3qEji2dducuVQ==, figureFileBig=7n7gA5CikuB9mo4lLneUlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423087350666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图3, caption=“勇士-D”号潜水器

(来源:Kirill Borisenko提供)

, figureFileSmall=VfTx4zvzE3qEji2dducuVQ==, figureFileBig=7n7gA5CikuB9mo4lLneUlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423146070923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q4WY7IpsHl9GL40FAm3q3Q==, figureFileBig=kwVFxzLmF4XUgVG1dVIDwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423213179788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图4, caption=国外深海探测设备, figureFileSmall=Q4WY7IpsHl9GL40FAm3q3Q==, figureFileBig=kwVFxzLmF4XUgVG1dVIDwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423280288653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qccXpxfhZyV2F1a7WjJU1g==, figureFileBig=nhFMP3e0N/LPUX3SIcsz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423364174734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图5, caption=马里亚纳海沟万米深海实验中软体机器人扑翼驱动测试, figureFileSmall=qccXpxfhZyV2F1a7WjJU1g==, figureFileBig=nhFMP3e0N/LPUX3SIcsz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717423418700687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sDpgNEeJ8N8KlM+RxZ9sng==, figureFileBig=GznSWXEGVTWjqRhS5DJcEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717424869929872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图6, caption=软体机器鱼南海自由航行测试, figureFileSmall=sDpgNEeJ8N8KlM+RxZ9sng==, figureFileBig=GznSWXEGVTWjqRhS5DJcEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717424953815953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dHEk5MtvVIScaVEnycw82Q==, figureFileBig=wQuMmGEk1XKq4CT/mG1I1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425025119122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图7, caption=深海狮子鱼及其CT扫描, figureFileSmall=dHEk5MtvVIScaVEnycw82Q==, figureFileBig=wQuMmGEk1XKq4CT/mG1I1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425079645075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OkBlB0+6y0NuKe4FKS1I0g==, figureFileBig=bCjPgSShFAwJ7AiSsROzDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425159336852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图8, caption=仿生深海软体机器鱼, figureFileSmall=OkBlB0+6y0NuKe4FKS1I0g==, figureFileBig=bCjPgSShFAwJ7AiSsROzDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425243222933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ydHIUUiWV1g7fGdX6VwGAQ==, figureFileBig=hoO426UkcK78TKNazh29ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425314526102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图9, caption=探测器利用喷泉区缝隙航行、融冰钻入等方式穿透冰层, figureFileSmall=ydHIUUiWV1g7fGdX6VwGAQ==, figureFileBig=hoO426UkcK78TKNazh29ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425511658391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2H5/N9dlbb4cxTDswDl0tA==, figureFileBig=8Y28Tk8aGNhug0/MNYfr/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241717425675236248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1241717234473685954, language=CN, label=图10, caption=进入木卫二深海后融合型机器人集群探测想象图, figureFileSmall=2H5/N9dlbb4cxTDswDl0tA==, figureFileBig=8Y28Tk8aGNhug0/MNYfr/w==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1129340393107079197, delFlag=0, nameCn=前瞻科技, nameEn=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0781, eissn=, cn=10-1786/N, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Fore, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1788948782472, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Q, firstLetterEn=Q, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, picEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509001228641229, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=科技导报社, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=包为民, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《前瞻科技》是由中国科学技术协会主管,科技导报社主办、出版的科技智库型自然科学综合类学术期刊,于2022年创刊。办刊宗旨:紧扣国家科技创新需求,联合全国学会和科技智库机构,汇聚战略科学家、主流智库学者,通过提供战略性、前瞻性、权威性的思想观点和政策建议,为科技管理者和科研管理者供给高质量决策参考。, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782498, updatedTime=1788948782498, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001270584270, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=China Association for Science and Technology, sponsoredBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, publishedBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=BAO Weimin, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=Science and Technology Foresight is a comprehensive academic journal in natural sciences with a focus on technology think tanks. It is dedicated to publishing reviews and commentaries on research findings related to major national strategic tasks, important areas at the forefront of technology, and key core technologies and aims to promote academic exchange, advance technological progress, and support the high-quality development of China’s economy and society. The regular sections include “Foresight”, “Review and Commentary”, “Focus”, “Forum”, “Culture”, and “Book Review”. Specifically, “Foresight” and “Review and Commentary” are fixed sections, while the others are variable., submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782508, updatedTime=1788948782508, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146032081894723586, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202353652128, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/CN, language=CHT, createTime=1751692112768, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048748052, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618977242275853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781704483, updateTime=1751781704483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977217110026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781704477, updateTime=1751781704477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977204527113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1751781704474, updateTime=1751781704474, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977233887244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781704481, updateTime=1751781704481, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977225498635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781704479, updateTime=1751781704479, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155894377965830154, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/EN, language=CHT, createTime=1753516295187, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048768686, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155894740970233959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516381733, updateTime=1753516381733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740953456740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516381729, updateTime=1753516381729, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740945068131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1753516381727, updateTime=1753516381727, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740966039654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516381732, updateTime=1753516381732, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740961845349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516381731, updateTime=1753516381731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246151820205146149, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1775035346323, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776149900371, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点最新, tplId=1246420490248675410, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420037846848371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099294387, updateTime=1775099294387, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037825876848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099294382, updateTime=1775099294382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037863625590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294391, updateTime=1775099294391, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037817488239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099294380, updateTime=1775099294380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037876208504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294394, updateTime=1775099294394, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037838459762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099294385, updateTime=1775099294385, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037872014199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294393, updateTime=1775099294393, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037834265457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099294384, updateTime=1775099294384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037851042676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099294388, updateTime=1775099294388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037859431285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099294390, updateTime=1775099294390, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246404284338716725, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1775095538466, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776333732508, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点最新, tplId=1246420682825945997, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420311713931340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099359682, updateTime=1775099359682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311692959817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099359677, updateTime=1775099359677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311734902863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359687, updateTime=1775099359687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311680376904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099359674, updateTime=1775099359674, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311747485777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359690, updateTime=1775099359690, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311705542731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099359680, updateTime=1775099359680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311739097168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359688, updateTime=1775099359688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311697154122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099359678, updateTime=1775099359678, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311718125645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099359683, updateTime=1775099359683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311726514254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099359685, updateTime=1775099359685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=前瞻科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology Foresight, journalPhotoCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPhotoEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, journalFirstLetter=Q, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1655654400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
极端环境软体机器人应用与展望——从马里亚纳海沟初探到木卫二畅想
收藏切换
PDF下载
李铁风 , 薛耀庭 , 阮东瑞 , 周方浩 , 曹许诺 , 赵沛 , 周昊飞 , 高扬
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2022,1(2): 198-211
收起
收藏切换
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2022, 1(2): 198-211
极端环境软体机器人应用与展望——从马里亚纳海沟初探到木卫二畅想
全屏
李铁风 , 薛耀庭, 阮东瑞, 周方浩, 曹许诺, 赵沛, 周昊飞, 高扬
作者信息
  • 浙江大学航空航天学院交叉力学中心,杭州 310027
  • 李铁风,教授,博士研究生导师。主要从事软物质与智能机器人系统研究。国家杰出青年科学基金、浙江省杰出青年科学基金获得者。获中国青年五四奖章、中国科协青年人才托举工程、科学探索奖(前沿交叉领域)、麻省理工科技评论科技创新35人(MIT TR35-China)等荣誉。研究成果“自供电软机器人成功挑战马里亚纳海沟”入选“2021年度中国科学十大进展”。发表Nature封面论文,Science Advances等研究论文60余篇。电子信箱:

通信作者:

Application and Prospect of Soft Robots for Extreme Environments: From Preliminary Mariana Trench Exploration to Some Thoughts on Jupiter II (Europa)
Tiefeng LI , Yaoting XUE, Dongrui RUAN, Fanghao ZHOU, Xunuo CAO, Pei ZHAO, Haofei ZHOU, Yang GAO
Affiliations
  • Center for X-Mechanics, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
出版时间: 2022-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015
文章导航
收藏切换

当“上九天揽月,下五洋捉鳖”的梦想逐步成为中国科学技术发展的现实足迹,深海、深空探索的新任务和设想也变得更具挑战,需要创新原理和技术的支撑。文章综述了极端环境作业装备以及软体机器人的发展概况,介绍了软硬融合结构机器人在马里亚纳海沟万米深海开展的深潜实验的系统原理与设计方法,并提出基于该原理的木卫二深海探索概念,为深海深空探测技术发展提供参考。

万米深潜  /  木卫二探测  /  极端环境自适应机器人  /  融合体应力调控

As the dream of “clasping the moon in the Ninth Heaven and seizing turtles deep in the Five Sea” gradually turns into the real footprint of China’s science and technology development, the new tasks and visions of deep sea and deep space exploration become increasingly challenging, calling for the support of innovative principles and technologies. This paper reviews the general development of operating equipment and soft robots for extreme environments and outlines the system principle and design method of the deep-diving experiments the robot with a soft-rigid fused structure conducted over 10 km deep down the Mariana Trench. Finally, the idea of exploration of Europa’s deep sea based on this principle is proposed to provide a reference for the development of deep sea and deep space exploration technologies.

10-km deep diving  /  Europa exploration  /  robots adaptive to extreme environments  /  stress control of fused body
李铁风, 薛耀庭, 阮东瑞, 周方浩, 曹许诺, 赵沛, 周昊飞, 高扬. 极端环境软体机器人应用与展望——从马里亚纳海沟初探到木卫二畅想. 前瞻科技, 2022 , 1 (2) : 198 -211 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015
Tiefeng LI, Yaoting XUE, Dongrui RUAN, Fanghao ZHOU, Xunuo CAO, Pei ZHAO, Haofei ZHOU, Yang GAO. Application and Prospect of Soft Robots for Extreme Environments: From Preliminary Mariana Trench Exploration to Some Thoughts on Jupiter II (Europa)[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2022 , 1 (2) : 198 -211 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015
从望洋兴叹到万米深潜,从仰望星空到探火登月,人类对未知世界的好奇、对星辰大海的探索激发着高新技术的发展与应用,激励着人类文明延拓不息。从1960年人类第一次深潜马里亚纳海沟,到2020年中国“奋斗者”号载人潜水器成功实现万米探测,深海极高水压对各类装备的设计应用带来挑战。在当今机器人与智能技术飞跃发展的背景下,机器人系统若能像深海生物适应极端环境一样,突破耐压外壳限制,在实现紧凑、轻质、智能化的同时自适应极高水压,则有望助力地球深海乃至深空液态星球的探索。
全球大部分海洋深度都超过1000 m。深海中富含着油气、矿物以及生物资源,但因其高压环境,对于人类而言仍充满神秘和未知[1]。各类深海装备及机器人系统在现代化的海洋探索中发挥着关键作用,对认识海洋、利用海洋和保护海洋具有重要意义[2]。无人深海装备因其大潜深、易布放、长续航等特点,成为世界各国关注的热点。美国远程环境监测单元(Remote Environmental Monitoring Units, REMUS)系列中的REMUS 6000在2011年搜获失事客机AF447黑匣子、在2017年查明第二次世界大战时期“印第安纳波利斯”号重型巡洋舰(UUS Indianapolis)残骸,中国“潜龙三号”在南大西洋、西南印度洋调查海底热液活动及生态环境,均体现了深海机器人的应用能力[3]
地球上目前探明的最深处是马里亚纳海沟,其万米深渊的探索充满挑战,近年来各类万米级深潜机器人不断涌现[4]
中国万米深海装备近年来也取得了多项成就。在2020年“奋斗者”号载人潜水器成功下潜到万米深海的同时,各类无人装备与机器人系统也蓬勃发展。由中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所研制的“海斗”号机器人(图1(a)),于2017年多次下潜到万米深海探索作业;由天津大学与青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室研制的“海燕-X”水下滑翔机(图1(b))多次下潜到万米深海;由中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所与中央广播电视总台新闻中心研制设计的“沧海”号着陆器,具备全海深4K超高清视频拍摄采集、传输处理能力[5],为“奋斗者”号万米深潜拍摄(图2)。
俄罗斯红宝石海洋机械中央设计局是俄罗斯各类潜艇和重型海洋装备的设计单位,其研制的“勇士-D”号(Vityaz-D)潜水器(图3),在2020年首次下潜超过11000 m深度,并装备了高效的声链路通信装置,可长程双向连续传输视频信号[6]
美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(Woods Hole Ocean-ographic Institution, WHOI)研发并在2009年投入使用了“深渊”号(Hadal)着陆器(图4(a)),其开放式的结构简单易改造,布放便捷,曾在马里亚纳海沟下潜至9800 m深海。其配置了高分辨率相机与温度深度传感器,同时在着陆腿上布置有可捕获食腐类生物的小型诱捕装置。该研究所研制的另一款潜水器“海神”号(Nereus)(图4(b))可自主探索扫描大片区域,也可带缆实时传输数据并手动精密操作,于2009年潜至11000 m深马里亚纳海沟[5]
然而,作为当时美国最先进的潜水器,“海神”号在2014年5月10日探索位于新西兰的世界第二深海沟——克马德克海沟时,在水下约9990 m处失踪。操作“海神”号的船上工作人员发现了海面漂浮着潜水器的碎片,表明“海神”号可能是在深海高压下壳体结构压溃而损毁。该事故说明,深海无人装备仍面临深海高压的挑战,其耐压壳体结构可能破坏失效。因此,面向无人装备的新型高可靠的耐压或压力适应技术亟待发展[7]
文章将从软硬融合结构应力调控原理出发,阐述无需耐压外壳即可适应极端环境高压的软体机器人系统设计思路,介绍该类机器人在马里亚纳海沟万米深海开展的深潜与驱动试验;进一步提出基于该技术原理对于木卫二深海的探索畅想,对未来的探测任务和需要重点突破的关键技术提出展望,为深海深空探测发展提供参考。
随着应用水域越来越深,深海装备耐压外壳的厚度和尺寸也需要相应提升,设备体积也会越来越大,因此传统的深海机器人和载人潜水器都有厚重的外壳。人类第1艘到达马里亚纳海沟的潜水器“的里雅斯特”号长度超过15 m,载人舱室重达14 t。然而,近年来的深海生物科考进展为深海装备研究提供了崭新的思路。刚性机器人输出速度快、负载能力强、执行精度高,已广泛应用于深海探测、采样和科学调查等作业任务。刚性机器人为了保护控制系统等电子单元,通常采用金属压力外壳或压力补偿承受极端静水压力,这使得深海刚性机器人的适应性降低,成本和故障风险增加。深海生物没有坚硬的耐压壳,能够利用身体的软组织在极端深度处表现出惊人的生存能力。研究表明,即使是在海平面6000 m以下超深渊带的恶劣环境中,仍有数百物种生存。而在这些类群中,尤其以深海狮子鱼的分布深度最深,垂直分布深度跨度最大。受深海生物软体组织和结构特征启发,设计新型深海仿生机器人及其软体结构装备,有望为深海探索提供新的解决方案[8,9]。深海软体机器人主要由柔性材料或可伸展结构组成,采用仿生技术模仿深海生物的柔软特性,在灵巧性、抗冲击性和环境适应性等方面具有很好的优势,这为该类机器人系统在深海应用提供了很好发展前景。
近年来,作为特种机器人研究的重要突破口,利用智能材料以及柔软结构实现驱动与传感,适应极端环境,完成复杂作业任务的研究已引起世界机器人与智能装备强国的高度关注。欧盟Horizon 2020计划中包含多个水下机器人项目,如DexROV、EUMarineRobots、PANDORA等,旨在促进水下机器人的感知、探测、作业等各方面能力。其中,DexROV项目依靠遥控潜水器(Remotely Operated Vehicle, ROV)的感知与建模能力,完成作业环境的三维模型在线实时构建,并可通过拟人手臂和手部力反馈外骨骼操作深海机械手,将动态环境与潜水器本体三维场景实时再现,结合人机作业环境的深入交互,提高深海作业效率和灵活性,解放海上作业人员[10]。美国自然科学基金的生物基础结构部(Division of Biological Infrastructure)资助美国哈佛大学、美国纽约城市大学等高校,开展用于对软体脆弱生物进行精细深海操纵的设备开发。美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)2019年提出“垂钓者”(Angler)计划,旨在将陆地和空间机器人的自主作业技术应用到海洋作业领域,尤其是长航程海底作业任务,重点开展水下机器人操作与控制系统、水下感知与定位等的研究。
在深海软体机器人研究领域,美国哈佛大学团队开展了大量研究[10-13],其将气动软体结构驱动器集成在水下刚性机械臂上,用于珊瑚采集,并进一步设计使用液压驱动结构成功在2224 m的深海中实现了海洋生物抓取。美国康奈尔大学团队将基于颗粒阻塞原理的软体抓持器应用于水下环境,并利用液压的驱动方式成功在1200 m海深处完成驱动实验,实现35 N的最大抓取力[14]。西北工业大学团队研发了一种仿蝠鲼柔性潜水器,其胸鳍扑翼机构采用仿肌肉软材料,具备滑扑一体混合推进能力,它既能在水中高效长距离“滑翔”,也能机动“扑动”,并可下潜至千米水深[15]。浙江大学团队研发的电驱动自带能源软体机器鱼自适应万米水深[16],在马里亚纳海沟约10900 m成功开展驱动试验,并在南海3224 m与深海ROV协同完成自由航行实验。此外,多类具备特异材料性能或系统功能的水下仿生机器人也成为研究热点。虽然它们还处于实验室或浅水试验阶段,但为今后的深海探索提供了可能思路。例如,北京航空航天大学研发水下仿生䲟鱼软体吸盘机器人,其吸附力可达自重340倍[17],进一步开发出跨水空无缆仿生吸附机器人,利用冗余吸附机理提高了吸附复杂表面的能力[18]。韩国首尔大学开发了具有柔软皮肤的机器人,可调节扑动与局部浮力分布,并由此操纵水下机器人运动[19]
研究团队对2017年在马里亚纳海沟约7300 m深处发现并捕获的一种深海狮子鱼进行了CT扫描,解析发现其凝胶状身体与细碎分散骨骼的生物特征[20];受此启发提出了将硬质电子器件融入软基体中,通过内应力调控实现对万米深海压力自适应的系统设计原理。所研制的软体机器鱼系统(图5)自带控制芯片和电池,利用人工肌肉驱动,无需耐压外壳即可适应110 MPa水压;在国际上首次实现软体机器人在马里亚纳海沟10900 m深处驱动,以及在南海3224 m航行[16]
在马里亚纳海沟万米深海驱动实验中,软体机器人由深海着陆器搭载于全开放段,下潜并着陆在约10900 m深的海底后,驱动系统开始启动工作,测试其推进结构在无保护外壳下的万米深海驱动性能。
在南海深海实验中,5台软体机器人密集排列于专门设计的开放式收纳坞中,采取“子—母”配合方式,由“海马”号深海作业ROV搭载下潜到约3224 m深的海底。深海机械臂启动辅助软体机器人逐台出坞,绕ROV开始自由航行试验(图6)。
该研究有望提升深海机器人与装备的智能化、集成化水平,并大幅降低深海探测作业成本;其融合适应的设计原理还有望为机器人与智能系统在极端环境探测作业提供新思路。该研究的关键技术包括以下3个方面。
一是利用深海动物耐压机理实现软体机器人万米深潜。马里亚纳海沟底部,水深10900 m,静水压高约110 MPa,相当于1100个大气压,是典型的极端环境。自人类于1960年第1次下潜到2020年“奋斗者”号成功实验,各类载人与探测设备大多由钛合金等传统“硬”壳保护。本研究解析了深海狮子鱼的力学构造特征,并由此启发设计软体机器系统。形态学研究表明,深海狮子鱼体内存在大量的胶状物质,头部骨骼呈细碎状,分布在软组织中;绝大多数骨骼皆为软骨,这种特征有利于其在高静水压下的应力分布(图7[20,21])。
二是采用“以柔克刚,适应极端”的设计策略,提出了机电系统软—硬共融的压力适应原理,研制出了一种全新的软体机器人(图8[16]),其系统结构参考了深海狮子鱼的2个特征。第一,不用硬质金属外壳保护电路与电池,而采用胶状软材料作为躯干基质,将控制电路、电池等硬质电子部件均匀分散到胶状机体中,并优化其在高压环境下体内的应力分布情况,从而使整个系统无需外壳保护即可适应高静水压力。第二,不用电机—螺旋桨式推进方式,而采用电驱动人工肌肉与柔性的鱼鳍状融合构造的仿生推进翼,通过节律扑动让机器人航行并控制。
三是在具体的技术实现上,在第1个“骨骼分布”特征中,研究人员将机器人原印刷电路板尽可能分散成几块较小的电路板和元件,彼此间再用细软导线连接;同一块电路板上的元件之间的距离也适当增大,尽可能减少元件的界面应力;研究人员进行了一系列的力学仿真模拟以及压力实验仓测试,验证了这类方法的有效性。在第2个软体驱动特征中,鱼鳍状推进翼的运动则是用介电高弹聚合物的“人工肌肉”实现的。这种材料能将电能转化为机械能,加上电压即可产生大变形。研究人员通过结构设计将“人工肌肉”材料制作成鱼鳍推进翼,并巧妙地利用了围绕在“人工肌肉”外的海水作为离子导电负极,由软体机器人自带能源在“人工肌肉”内外侧周期性地产生电势差,让聚合物发生舒张与收缩形变,这样一来,鱼鳍推进翼即可节律性地拍动,实现软体机器人水中游动。此外,研究人员还针对深海的低温高压工况对“人工肌肉”进行了材料改性,解决了其电驱动能力衰减的问题,即便在马里亚纳海沟的低温(0~4℃)、高压环境(110 MPa)下依旧能正常工作。
该项研究中的无耐压壳压力自适应技术可以进一步拓展和应用到深海机器人和深海平台上。结合深海软体生物耐压机理,开展深海仿生软体机器人及智能系统研究,摒弃金属耐压壳保护,既能为深海装备的小型化和经济化提供新手段,又可将软体机器人从创新概念推向深海应用。
1)极端温度载荷服役材料力学性能的预测模型
背景:复杂多变的极端温度环境是深空探测器面对的共同问题。以月球为例,其在阳光直射时表面温度达127℃,而最低温度仅-183℃。深空环境中的温度变化比之更甚,材料不仅需要在温差变化200~500℃下的环境温度中保持可靠的力学性能,还要满足瞬时高温环境(如发射、降落、再入等过程中可能面临1000℃的高温环境)。上述极端复杂温度环境超出了现有复合材料的主要应用温度范围,如碳纤维复合材料仅能在-253~350℃可靠应用。
关键问题:①上述4类深空环境极端温度场景对材料力学性能(强度、韧性、疲劳等)和使用寿命的预测模型;②极端温度环境对材料损伤多尺度机制的实验和模拟方法;③利用单材料或多种材料协同实现极端温度环境下可靠力学性能。
问题描述:发展面向深空场景极端温度环境,包括高温与低温环境、高/低温交变环境、瞬时极高温环境4类温度场景下,航天用金属材料与复合材料的力学性能的预测模型,预测温度载荷对材料力学性能、疲劳性能、服役寿命、失效形式的影响。进一步发展实验和模拟手段,多尺度探究复杂温度载荷对材料跨尺度变形力学行为和机制的影响,对于预防航天器损伤、提高航天器寿命、降低航天器使用成本等方面均具有重要意义。
2)宇宙射线对材料力学性能的影响
背景:深空探测航天器通常需要长时间在太空中工作,高能量宇宙射线对材料力学性能的影响不容忽视。宇宙射线由质子、氦原子与少量重原子核组成,另有高能射线与物质相互作用产生的中子,低地球轨道大气中的原子氧和氮气等都能导致材料的损伤,进而引发航天器材料破坏。
关键问题:①不同宇宙射线对材料力学性能的影响,特别是长时间暴露对力学性能影响的预测模型;②不同射线粒子对材料腐蚀损伤的微观机制表征与模拟;③在宇宙辐射环境下具有稳定力学性能材料的成分与结构设计。
问题描述:定量研究宇宙射线中不同种类粒子对材料力学性能损伤的累计效应,明确各种粒子对材料力学性能损伤的权重,提出材料在多种辐照环境下力学性能的损失模型,进一步提出损伤模型与微观破坏机制。结合分子动力学、位错动力学等模拟方法,阐明辐照对材料微纳尺度结构的破坏和力学行为的影响。
3)空天极端环境服役材料与结构的智能设计
背景:在满足使用性能的基础上,尽可能减轻结构重量是航空工业的基本要求。上述耐极端温度载荷、抗辐照等极端力学性能通常难以在一种材料中全部实现,因此如何组合应用具有不同功能特点的材料,使之形成功能稳定、易于制造和结构轻巧的整体构件,对材料和结构的设计方法都有极高的要求。
关键问题:①满足深空极端服役环境的多材料多结构综合设计;②多种功能材料结构的性能耦合与界面匹配设计;③整体结构的轻量化设计。
问题描述:几乎无法在一种材料中实现全部的抗极端温度、抗辐照等性能,因此如何合理设计结构,使之在航空器的不同使用阶段侧重不同的性能,对结构设计的方法提出了很高的要求。
在探索深海和太空等极端环境的过程中,勘探装备势必要经受各种静态和动态的极端高压的考验,而材料在极端高压下可能发生的弹塑性变形、相变、蠕变等力学响应将直接影响勘探设备的运行,这就要求对材料在高压下的力学行为有深入的认识。
1)理论研究现状
状态方程是高压下材料力学行为理论研究的基础,也是建立高压下材料的宏观热动力学描述与微观量子力学模型的桥梁。科学家发展了一系列状态方程以描述压力、温度与体积变化之间的关系,从而求解高压下材料的热膨胀系数、体弹性模量、比热等关键物性参数。基于有限应变理论的三级Birch-Murnaghan方程是目前高压力学理论研究中应用最广泛的状态方程[22,23]。科学家也采用原子尺度方法,包括第一性原理和大规模分子动力学方法来研究高压下材料与结构的弹塑性变形、结构相变、强韧化等力学行为[24]。有限元、相场等传统宏观连续介质理论方法也被用于研究高压下材料的相变和变形行为[25]
2)理论研究挑战
首先,经典力学理论在高压极端条件下并不完全适用。高压作用下材料内部将会形成位错、孪晶、层错、非晶界面等缺陷,这些缺陷的存在使材料的压力和体积之间的变化规律偏离经典的状态方程。因此,有必要发展考虑缺陷影响的修正的状态方程来更精确地描述高压下材料的弹塑性变形行为。其次,高压下材料,尤其是超细晶金属表现出独特的强韧化行为,而常压下描述材料强韧特性的理论并不适用于高压极端条件下的强韧化行为。因此,发展描述高压极端条件下材料强韧化变形机理和力学行为的理论模型亦是高压下物理力学理论研究的一个重要挑战。
3)实验研究现状
高压极端条件下材料力学行为的实验研究手段包括金刚石对顶砧等静态加压装置,以及冲击波等动态冲击压缩方式。科学家一般结合原位X-射线衍射、拉曼等光谱学方法表征得到固体的晶格常数,并用红宝石的光致发光谱定量标定压强,得到压强与体积的变化规律,再结合状态方程间接求解体弹模量等力学参数[26]。动高压技术通过测量冲击波的速度和自由表面速度并利用冲击波的基本方程确定压力和体积的变化规律,并基于材料的状态方程获取材料的力学性能。人们还通过透射电镜等非原位微结构表征技术分析高压卸载之后固体材料微结构的永久性变化,研究高压对材料的相变、强化和塑性等行为的影响[27]
4)实验研究挑战
将现有力学测试装置直接移植到深海或太空的难度和成本极高,因此现阶段科学家们常用金刚石对顶砧等装置来模拟高压极端环境。但是现有的高压装置在力学测试手段和研究对象上依然有很大局限。首先,高压装置的腔体一般是密封的,传统的机械应力加载手段无法移植到高压装置内,因此无法在高压腔体中实现非各向同性的应力加载,如单轴拉伸/压缩。力学加载手段的缺失使人们无法直观地研究高压下材料和结构的塑性、疲劳和断裂等力学行为,只能利用状态方程进行间接求解,难以验证其准确性。此外,现阶段能够产生1 GPa以上压强的高压装置容积极小,而大容积高压装置的压强范围又太低,因此无法对宏观尺寸器件的高压力学行为进行研究。动态高压技术可对宏观尺寸的研究对象施加GPa级别的压强,但是动态高压(例如冲击、爆炸)往往会对研究对象产生严重的破坏,也无法对研究对象进行原位力学表征。
综上,发展全新的物理力学理论和数值模拟方法将为高压极端环境下材料力学行为的研究提供理论指导。另一方面,开发能够模拟深海压力、温度、化学环境多场耦合条件的实验装置将为深海极端条件下材料的弹塑性变形、蠕变和腐蚀等力学行为的研究提供可靠的平台。
深海深空等极端环境下,材料需面临复杂温度载荷、压力载荷、辐照损伤和化学腐蚀等多种物理场的耦合作用。因此,发展多场耦合环境下的多尺度模拟方法对于理解材料在极端环境下的力学行为尤为重要。
(1)宏观—微观尺度模拟方法,如有限元法,已经能够较好地开展温度、压力等多场耦合计算[28]。但是注意到有限元计算通常依赖于材料本构模型,而随着在极端环境下服役时间的变化,材料的力学性能可能已经发生较大变化,致使原有本构模型误差增大甚至不再适用。特别是辐照损伤、化学腐蚀等效应会显著影响材料的基本力学性能[29,30],因此需建立随服役时间动态变化的本构模型,或对现有本构模型进行修正和推广,加入与上述效应相关的近似参数,保证长时间尺度下计算模拟的准确性。
(2)微观—纳观尺度模拟方法,如第一性原理计算、分子动力学模拟,能够比较准确地描述材料的微观力学行为,在材料的辐照损伤模拟等方面具有优势[31-33]。但是上述方法能够模拟的体系在空间和时间尺度上均受到极大限制,很难模拟长时间尺度下多物理场(如温度交变载荷、低温长时蠕变等)对材料力学行为和微观结构的影响。发展分子动力学加速算法、位错动力学等模拟方法[34-36],有望模拟材料的长时蠕变、疲劳损伤等力学行为以及微观变形机制,加深对极端环境下材料长时服役特性的理解。
深海深空极端环境复杂多变,建立极端环境下材料损伤预测模型需考虑数量巨大、变量繁多的多物理场参数,多场耦合作用难以有效解耦和精准描述,给理论建模和多尺度模拟带来了困难。
以机器学习为代表的数据驱动方法无需经验公式等先验知识,只需提供大量不同环境、不同时间下的力学性能,即可训练极端环境服役材料物性预测模型,建立复杂多物理场、服役时间与力学性能的关联。除直接利用数据驱动模型预测力学性质外,利用符号学习等方法可以在多种参数、多种运算的组合中筛选出兼具良好预测精度与明确物理意义的公式,为材料物性理论预测模型的发展提供指导[37]。数据驱动方法也能为多尺度模拟提供有益帮助:基于大量数据训练的机器学习预测模型能够部分代替有限元等数值模拟,实现数十万倍的计算加速效果[38-40],适用于材料性质的快速预测;结合对抗生成网络等逆向生成技术,有望实现材料的逆向设计[41],为极端环境服役材料的成分和结构设计提供指导。
在逐梦星辰大海的道路上,深海、深空探索的需求引领着相关科学原理与关键技术发展,激励着人类创造一个又一个奇迹,向更深更远处不断前进。航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高技术领域之一,是国家综合实力和大国地位的重要体现,也支撑着国家权益保护,推动着科技进步,并助力国民经济发展。近年来,太空资源开发与利用、载人月球探测和大规模深空探测等已成为国际热点。人类进入太空的规模不断增长,探索太空的距离越来越远。深空探测将极大丰富人类认知,带动高新技术的发展应用。
在浩瀚太空中,存在着许多液态星球和“深海”星球,其极高压力环境,要求深空探测器将极高外压力防护与真空负压力防护整合为一体的同时,还需尽可能紧凑、轻质,为相关系统的设计带来了巨大挑战,而这种挑战也让深海探测与深空探测技术产生了交汇。
在太阳系内,就有充满液态水的“深海”星球——木卫二,让人类梦寐以求。
木星作为太阳系八大行星中的“老大哥”,自身巨大的质量吸引了大量(19颗)卫星围绕其旋转,其中4颗被称为“伽利略卫星”,被认为是在1610年左右由意大利物理学家伽利略和德国天文学家马里乌斯各自独立发现的。据考证,早在公元前4世纪,中国天文学家甘德在对木星进行肉眼观察时就发现了木星的卫星:“岁星在子,……其状甚大有光,若有小赤星附于其侧,是谓同盟”(《甘石星经·岁星经》),而这颗浅红色的卫星据现在的天文资料推测应该是木卫三。
木卫二是伽利略卫星中最小的一颗,早期的地面观测认为它是一个被冰所包裹的星球,与外太阳系区域的其他卫星并无差异,因而并没有得到特别关注。1979年7月8日,“旅行者2”号探测器拍摄了木卫二的清晰照片,表明木卫二表面虽然被冰层覆盖,但是浅色的冰层中遍布着深色的条状地带。1995—2003年,“伽利略”号探测器对木卫二进行了更详细探测,发现它表面冰壳厚度超过20 km,而巨大的冰壳之下很可能存在一个深度达80 km的海洋,其深度是地球上已知最深的马里亚纳海沟(最深处约11 km)的7倍以上[42]
2011年,美国国家研究委员会发布了《行星科学十年调研报告》(Planetary Science Decadal Survey),提出木卫二海洋探测将带来重要的科学回报,其战略重要程度仅次于火星取样返回。2013年,美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA)宣布在木卫二表面首次发现了黏土型矿物,随后利用“哈勃”太空望远镜确认了木卫二表面存在羽状喷流,水蒸气喷射高度达200 km。液态水和能量,再加上可能在木卫二40亿年历史中早已包括的一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮气、硫化氢和氨等小分子,使得近年来木卫二在太阳系探索中的优先级越来越高。因为根据地球生命起源的假说,水和上述物质在能量的作用下产生了地球上最早一批有机物。2013年3月,NASA的“木卫二快帆”(Europa Clipper)项目正式立项,其主要目标是确定木卫二冰壳的厚度、液态水存在与否及其溶解物成分、木卫二表面地质活动特征。2021年NASA宣布将在2024年10月使用SpaceX公司的“重型猎鹰”运载火箭发射“木卫二快帆”,预计于2030年4月抵达木卫二[43]。此外,欧洲航天局(European Space Agency, ESA)也计划于2022年发射“木星冰月探测器”(JUICE),研究木星及它的2颗卫星木卫二和木卫三[44]
世界上有多家研究机构对木卫二深潜探测器以及相关任务计划开展了概念设计与技术原理验证。其中包括美国佐治亚理工大学团队在NASA的“SIMPLE”项目支持下,开展了冰下海洋探测机器人的研究,其研制的“ARTEMIS”机器人原型机在南极的麦克默多冰架(McMurdo Ice Shelf)开展厚冰水下探测的相关试验;美国康奈尔大学、美国Stone Aerospace公司等也分别针对NASA的相关任务开展了面向木卫二探测的探测器系统设计研究[45]
近年来,美国多项关于潜水器的研究也表现出与NASA合作进行深空探测的意愿,相关研究机构包括WHOI与OceanGate,前者作为HADEX Program(Hadal Exploration Program)主导机构开发验证了“Nereus”号潜水器并与NASA合作开发新一代“Orpheus”号潜水器,后者则希望开发一款碳纤维复合材料潜水器。NASA与OceanGate联合研制的下一代碳纤维复合材料潜水器则将深海压力防护与真空负压力防护整合为一体,更加贴合真空环境运输—深海高压环境探测为一体的木卫二海洋探索任务[46]
2021年中国国家航天局宣布中国计划于2030年前后实施火星取样返回,还将实施木星系的环绕探测和行星穿越探测任务[47]。本文基于极端环境机器人系统的技术原理对于木卫二深海的探索提出畅想概念,希望为深海深空探测概念研究与技术发展提供参考。
从任务环境而言,木卫二深潜探测器可能面临三大挑战:远距、厚冰、深海。
远距:木卫二距地球超过6亿km,探测器需要经历漫长的航行抵达目的地。从地面发射运载到深空航行角度,木卫二探索对于探测器轻量化、紧凑化以及可靠性的要求将大幅提高。
厚冰:木卫二表面的厚冰层可能达20~100 km,并在引力潮汐作用下还可能发生着运动和挤压。如何让探测器钻透冰层抵达深海,并在钻透过程承受极端力学环境,对于探测器是极具挑战的问题。
深海:木卫二半径约1560 km,其地表重力加速度约为1.3 m/s2,若按其海洋最深处80 km深度计算,其压力约为104 MPa。这与地球上马里亚纳海沟万米深海压力相当。因此,探测器需要在具备紧凑、轻质特征的同时,承受高水压。
地球与木卫二轨道卫星通信延迟极高。由于木卫二最可能存在生命的地方是其海洋,因此,如何有效地检测到冰层之下海洋的信息,是相关探索计划成功的关键。利用融合型压力设计原理构建探测器,将控制电路、电池等硬质电子部件均匀分散到高韧性、高强度基体中,并优化其在高压环境下体内的应力分布情况,从而使整个系统无需外壳保护即可适应高静水压力;尽可能减少传动、密封等连接机构,例如不用电机—螺旋桨等传统推进方式,而采用连续体整体融合的仿生推进方式,通过节律扑动让机器人航行并控制;构建全固态的实体,在钻冰时高度收纳集成,进入海洋后伸展,以应对在钻冰过程以及深潜探索时的极端力学环境。
设想“渐绕、多钻、智潜”探测概念:装备有动力和若干检测仪器的木卫二轨道器,在合适的探木窗口期发射具有不同功能的探测器。
渐绕:探测器(包括轨道舱和着陆器)在木卫二上空环绕飞行,采用高度渐进、重点区域逐片方式进行木卫二全貌探测。寻找羽流喷射区域,利用光谱学等技术进行远程水蒸气数据采集,一定可行性条件下可穿越羽流区域进行样品检测(美国NASA“木卫二快帆”探测器计划在穿越喷射区时进行采样);分析选择最佳着陆区域,为着陆探测器做准备。
多钻:木卫二冰层在引力潮汐作用下可能发生着运动和挤压,这给长时融冰钻入式探测器带来极大风险,探测器应考虑多模式探冰、钻冰方法。一种模式是利用极端环境自适应机器人系统小体积、强抗冲击特性,由轨道舱向喷泉口直接投射多枚子探测器。该类探测器直接接触喷射水体,若能进入到缝隙或冰层内液态水区域则自主航行探测。由于羽流喷射高度可达200 km,该通道中内压极大,此类探测器需要具有极高抗冲击能力和一定初始动能。另一种模式则是着陆器降落在羽流区附近,检测刚喷射出地表液态水的具体数据并进行分析。由于木卫二信号传回地球需要35 min左右,而羽流喷射区域的卫星表面通常地质条件极为恶劣且瞬态活动概率较大,因此着陆器需要对非结构化环境下的着陆姿态具备一定的自主控制能力。在着陆器降落到木卫二表面后,释放出可垂直钻入冰层下部的一体器,穿过冰层直接进入海洋中进行样品和数据检测。该类探测器需具有长时间供能以对冰层进行区域融化,并具备一定结构强度以抵御冰层运动挤压(图9)。
智潜:子探测器在穿过冰层后,释放具备自主巡航探测功能的探测机器人开始水下航行,并向深海区域探测。探测机器人应具备“智潜”能力:整体结构系统在智能适应极端环境的同时,航行轨迹、任务协同与探测分析也应智能自主(图10)。探测机器人(无壳体、软硬融合型)应以紧凑系统适应低温、高压、撞击挑战,在保持较长自持能力的同时,应对复杂的非结构化环境与任务,完成对环境状态与探测目标的探测感知。
近年来,中国研究团队基于在极端环境作业装备(尤其是深海装备)方面较好的基础,开展了其与软体机器人前沿技术的深度交叉创新,取得了一定成果,尤其在深海仿生游动方面,处于国际先进水平(如万米深潜软体机器鱼),而在深海抓取任务作业方面还有待加强。国外在仿生原理、驱动机理和系统创新应用方面极具研究特色,并多次在实际深海抓取作业任务中开展软体机器人应用测试(美国哈佛大学、美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所)。国内相关研究应关注系统性原理与原创性技术,尤其应加强在深海生物仿生特性发现解析、智能材料研制应用、系统应用范式创新方面的研究工作,并以深海作业为典型场景,有效检验软体机器人在极端环境作业条件下的行为与任务特性。
结合极端环境软体机器人未来发展,提出以下建议。
1)完善基础理论体系,探索前沿技术
极端环境软体机器人系统涉及结构力学、材料合成、机械设计、制造工艺、感知控制等多领域多专业,其技术发展源于相关基础理论研究的深入。建议制定长期的发展规划,牵引组织相关研究。
2)升级改进,面向实际任务验证能力
以深海极端环境软体机器人为例,面向热液口探测、生物抵近观测、大平台状态检测等实际任务场景,开展相关研究。针对机器人系统在洋流干扰、受限通信与导航条件下的挑战发展相关技术,逐步实现其任务能力。
3)拓展装备功能,创新应用场景
在国家建设航天强国、海洋强国的新历史节点下,面向深空、深海探测任务的需求发展,面对探测装备在紧凑、可靠、强韧、智能等方面的系统综合挑战,可发挥系统自适应极端环境、结构功能一体化等特点拓展装备功能,在空间环境作业软体机器装备、深空深海探测器等方面开展创新研究。
对深海、深空未知世界的探索,寄托着人类星辰大海的梦想,是人类加深对宇宙认知、拓展活动空间、揭示宇宙奥秘与生命起源的重要实践。面向未知环境的探索任务,需要坚实可靠的探测装备系统作为支撑,从基础原理出发,在材料、器件、系统逐层级融合创新;面向新型极端环境探测机器人与装备需求,需要突破核心技术,打造卓越能力。系统技术的发展与探测装备的涌现,将助力中国开启深海、深空探测新征程,为人类认知、利用深海、深空贡献力量。
  • 国家杰出青年科学基金(T2125009)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Armbrust E, Palumbi S. Uncovering hidden worlds of ocean biodiversity[J]. Science, 2015, 348(6237): 865-867.
[2]
Satja S, Joseph C, Edin O, et al. Underwater manipulators: A review[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2018, 163(1): 431-450.
[3]
胡庆玉, 舒国平, 冯朝. 深海AUV发展趋势研究[J]. 数字海洋与水下攻防, 2018, 1(1): 77-80.
[4]
Wynn R B, Huvenne V, Bas T, et al. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Their past, present and future contributions to the advancement of marine geoscience[J]. Marine Geology, 2014, 352: 451-468.
[5]
封锡盛, 李一平, 徐会希, 等. 深海自主水下机器人发展及其在资源调查中的应用[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2021, 31(10): 2746-2756.
[6]
崔维成, 姜哲, 王芳, 等. 2020年深海潜水器热点回眸[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(1): 126-136.
[7]
姜哲, 崔维成. 全海深潜水器水动力学研究最新进展[J]. 中国造船, 2015, 56(4): 188-199.
[8]
Quillin K J. Kinematic scaling of locomotion by hydrostatic animals: Ontogeny of peristaltic crawling by the earthworm lumbricus terrestris[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999, 202(6): 661-674.
[9]
王雅琳, 刘都群, 杨依然. 2019年水下无人系统发展综述[J]. 无人系统技术, 2020, 3(1): 55-59.
[10]
Galloway K, Becker P, Phillips B, et al. Soft robotic grippers for biological sampling on deep reefs[J]. Soft Robotics, 2016, 3(1): 23-33.
[11]
Kurumaya S, Phillips B T, Becker K P, et al. A modular soft robotic wrist for underwater manipulation[J]. Soft Robotics, 2018, 5(4): 399-409.
[12]
Vogt D M, Becker K P, Phillips B T, et al. Shipboard design and fabrication of custom 3D-printed soft robotic manipulators for the investigation of delicate deep-sea organisms[J]. PLOS One, 2018, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200386.
[13]
Kuppuswamy N, Carbajal J. Learning a curvature dynamic model of an octopus-inspired soft rRobot arm using flexure sensors[J]. Procedia Computer Science, 2011, 7: 294-296.
[14]
Licht S, Collins E, Mendes M L, et al. Stronger at depth: Jamming grippers as deep sea sampling tools[J]. Soft Robotics, 2017, 4(4): 305-316.
[15]
Chen L, Bi S, Cai Y, et al. Design and experimental research on a bionic robot fish with tri-dimensional soft pectoral fins inspired by Cownose Ray[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022, doi: 10.3390/jmse10040537.
[16]
Li G, Chen X, Zhou F, et al. Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench[J]. Nature, 2021, 591(7848): 66-71.
[17]
Wang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, et al. A biorobotic adhesive disc for underwater hitchhiking inspired by the remora suckerfish[J]. Science Robotics, 2017, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.aan8072.
[18]
Li L, Wang S, Zhang Y, et al. Aerial-aquatic robots capable of crossing the air-water boundary and hitchhiking on surfaces[J]. Science Robotics, 2022, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.abm6695.
[19]
Byun J, Park M, Baek S, et al. Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter[J]. Science Robotics, 2021, doi: 10.1126/scirobotics.abe0637.
[20]
Wang K, Shen Y, Yang Y, et al. Morphology and genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench provide insights into deep-sea adaptation[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019, 3(5): 823-833.
[21]
中国科学院水生生物研究所. 狮子鱼为您揭开深海7000米的生命奥秘[EB/OL]. [2020-07-06]. http://www.ihb.cas.cn/sq90/Photostory/202007/t20200706_5619392.html
[22]
Birch F. Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals[J]. Physical Review, 1947, 71: 809-824.
[23]
Holzapfel W. Equations of state for solids under strong compression[J]. High Pressure Research: An International Journal, 1998, 16: 81-126.
[24]
Gao Y, Cao T, Cellini F, et al. Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13(2): 133-138.
[25]
Vattrén A, Denoual C. Polymorphism of iron at high pressure: A 3D phase-field model for displacive transitions with finite elastoplastic deformations[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2016, 92: 1-27.
[26]
黄艳萍, 黄晓丽, 崔田. 原位高压测试技术在高压结构及性质研究中的应用[J]. 物理, 2019, 48(10): 650-661.
[27]
Zhou X, Feng Z, Zhu L, et al. High pressure strengthening in ultra-fine-grained metals[J]. Nature, 2020, 579: 67-72.
[28]
Klimczak M, Cecot W. MsFEM upscaling for the coupled thermo-mechanical problem[C]// 21st International Conference on Computational Science(ICCS). Cham:Springer, 2021: 562-575.
[29]
Özgün Ö. Finite element modeling of electromagnetic radiation[D]. Ankara: Middle East Technical University, 2007.
[30]
Yin L, Jin Y, Leygraf C, et al. A FEM model for investigation of micro-galvanic corrosion of Al alloys and effects of deposition of corrosion products[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 192: 310-318.
[31]
Ren X, Shi P, Zhang W, et al. Swamps of hydrogen in equiatomic FeCuCrMnMo alloys: First-principles calculations[J]. Acta Materialia, 2019, 180: 189-198.
[32]
Fu J, Chen Y, Fang J, et al. Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in W and W-Re alloys[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2018, 524: 9-20.
[33]
Li H, Qin Y, Yang Y, et al. The evolution of interaction between grain boundary and irradiation-induced point defects: Symmetric tilt GB in tungsten[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2018, 500: 42-49.
[34]
Chakraborty S, Zhang J, Ghosh S. Accelerated molecular dynamics simulations for characterizing plastic deformation in crystalline materials with cracks[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2016, 121: 23-34.
[35]
Gao S, Fivel M, Ma A, et al. 3D discrete dislocation dynamics study of creep behavior in Ni-base single crystal superalloys by a combined dislocation climb and vacancy diffusion model[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2017, 102: 209-223.
[36]
Prasad Reddy G V, Robertson C, Déprés C, et al. Effect of grain disorientation on early fatigue crack propagation in face-centred-cubic polycrystals: A three-dimensional dislocation dynamics investigation[J]. Acta Materialia, 2013, 61(14): 5300-5310.
[37]
Weng B, Song Z, Zhu R, et al. Simple descriptor derived from symbolic regression accelerating the discovery of new perovskite catalysts[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17263-9.
[38]
Yang C, Kim Y, Ryu S, et al. Prediction of composite microstructure stress-strain curves using convolutional neural networks[J]. Materials and Design, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108509.
[39]
李想, 严子铭, 柳占立. 机器学习与计算力学的结合及应用初探[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64(7): 635-648.
[40]
李想, 严子铭, 柳占立, 等. 基于仿真和数据驱动的先进结构材料设计[J]. 力学进展, 2021, 51(1): 82-105.
[41]
Mao Y, He Q, Zhao X. Designing complex architectured materials with generative adversarial networks[J]. Science Advances, 2020, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4169.
[42]
Culberg R, Schroeder D M, Gregor Steinbrügge. Double ridge formation over shallow water sills on Jupiter,s moon Europa[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29458-3.
[43]
Hofstadter M, Simon A, Atreya S, et al. Uranus and Neptune missions: A study in advance of the next Planetary Science Decadal Survey[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2019.06.004.
[44]
Blanc M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Andr N, et al. Joint Europa Mission (JEM): A multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life[J]. Planetary and Space Science, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2020.104960.
[45]
高博宇, 陈忠贵, 周文艳. 国外木星探测任务进展与分析[J]. 航天器工程, 2021, 30(5): 107-114.
[46]
Atchison J A, Ozimek M T, Kantsiper B L, et al. Trajectory options for the DART mission[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2016, 123: 330-339.
[47]
姚智晓, 晁超越, 郭浩语, 等. 火星壤采样探测技术研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(13): 83-101.
2022年第1卷第2期
PDF下载
2921
1368
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015
  • 接收时间:2022-05-22
  • 出版时间:2022-06-20
  • 发布时间:2022-08-18
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-22
  • 修回日期:2022-06-02
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金(T2125009)
作者信息
    浙江大学航空航天学院交叉力学中心,杭州 310027

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2022.02.015
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏