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Sensing technology is a technique for measuring various physical quantities and is relevant to all fields concerning national economy and people’s livelihood. Quantum sensing technology is the earliest quantum technology to realize practical applications, which has always received key attention from countries around the world and has achieved rapid development in recent years. This paper introduces the development strategies and support provided by various countries in the field of quantum sensing technology, and also presents the current development status of quantum sensing technology, including its covered fields, main application scenarios, and important achievements made in recent years. Additionally, it sorts out the existing key technical challenges, and puts forward suggestions for the development of quantum sensing technology in China.
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传感技术是对各种物理量进行测量的技术,关系到国计民生的各个领域。量子传感技术是量子技术中最早实现实际应用的技术,一直受到各国的重点关注,近年来更是得到了突飞猛进的发展。文章介绍了世界各国在量子传感技术方面的发展战略及支持,概述了量子传感技术的发展现状,包括其所涵盖的领域、主要的应用场景及取得的重要成果,梳理了存在的关键技术挑战,并对我国的量子传感技术发展提出了建议。
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 |
魏小刚,研究员,博士生导师。从事原子系综的量子相干特性研究,包括冷原子的制备与操控,热原子量子相干特性调控,激光频率稳定与位相锁定等。发表学术论文29篇。授权专利13件。电子信箱:weixg@baqis.ac.cn。 |
 |
杨仁福,研究员,博士生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。长期致力于原子钟及量子精密测量技术研究,研制成果应用于天宫空间站、北斗导航系统等重大工程。获中国专利金奖、国防科技进步奖一等奖、中国航天贡献奖等。主持科研课题20余项,发表论文60余篇。授权专利58件。电子信箱:yangrf@baqis.ac.cn。 |
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魏小刚,研究员,博士生导师。从事原子系综的量子相干特性研究,包括冷原子的制备与操控,热原子量子相干特性调控,激光频率稳定与位相锁定等。发表学术论文29篇。授权专利13件。电子信箱:weixg@baqis.ac.cn。
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魏小刚,研究员,博士生导师。从事原子系综的量子相干特性研究,包括冷原子的制备与操控,热原子量子相干特性调控,激光频率稳定与位相锁定等。发表学术论文29篇。授权专利13件。电子信箱:weixg@baqis.ac.cn。
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1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142125683646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142108906428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242115142192792511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142201181120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142192792511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142209569729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142192792511, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242115142268289986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142276678595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142268289986, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142289261508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142268289986, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)])]), Author(id=1242115143618855913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yangrf@baqis.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242115143690159083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, authorId=1242115143618855913, language=EN, stringName=Renfu YANG, firstName=Renfu, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, †, address=
1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242115143753073644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, authorId=1242115143618855913, language=CN, stringName=杨仁福, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, †, address=
1 北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193, bio={"img":"xnypDij6OHk1Bn1Lv9nWHA==","content":"
杨仁福,研究员,博士生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。长期致力于原子钟及量子精密测量技术研究,研制成果应用于天宫空间站、北斗导航系统等重大工程。获中国专利金奖、国防科技进步奖一等奖、中国航天贡献奖等。主持科研课题20余项,发表论文60余篇。授权专利58件。电子信箱:yangrf@baqis.ac.cn。
"}, bioImg=xnypDij6OHk1Bn1Lv9nWHA==, bioContent=
杨仁福,研究员,博士生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。长期致力于原子钟及量子精密测量技术研究,研制成果应用于天宫空间站、北斗导航系统等重大工程。获中国专利金奖、国防科技进步奖一等奖、中国航天贡献奖等。主持科研课题20余项,发表论文60余篇。授权专利58件。电子信箱:yangrf@baqis.ac.cn。
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242115142108906428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142117295037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142108906428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142125683646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142108906428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242115143870514157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=quantum sensing), Keyword(id=1242115143925040110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=quantum precision measurement), Keyword(id=1242115143987954671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=development status), Keyword(id=1242115144063452144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=global development strategies), Keyword(id=1242115144117978097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=量子传感技术), Keyword(id=1242115144172504050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=量子精密测量), Keyword(id=1242115144235418611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=研究现状), Keyword(id=1242115144289944564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=国际发展战备)], refs=[Reference(id=1242115146605200383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=61, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Li J, Cui X Y, Jia Z P, journalName=Metrologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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Physical Review Letters,
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133(2): 023401, doi:
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Tkalya E V,
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229mTh(3/2
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Physica Scripta,
1996,
53(3): 296, doi:
10.1088/0031-8949/53/3/003., articleTitle=Processes of the nuclear isomer
229mTh(3/2
+, 3.5±1.0 eV) resonant excitation by optical photons, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115146798137345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=132, issue=null, pageStart=182501, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.182501, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Tiedau J, Okhapkin M V, Zhang K, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Tiedau J,
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Zhang K,
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Physical Review Letters,
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132: 182501, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.182501., articleTitle=Laser excitation of the Th-229 nucleus, refAbstract=The 8.4 eV nuclear isomer state in Th-229 is resonantly excited in Th-doped CaF2 crystals using a tabletop tunable laser system. A resonance fluorescence signal is observed in two crystals with different Th-229 dopant concentrations, while it is absent in a control experiment using Th-232. The nuclear resonance for the Th4+ ions in Th:CaF2 is measured at the wavelength 148.3821(5) nm, frequency 2020.409(7) THz, and the fluorescence lifetime in the crystal is 630(15) s, corresponding to an isomer half-life of 1740(50) s for a nucleus isolated in vacuum. These results pave the way toward Th-229 nuclear laser spectroscopy and realizing optical nuclear clocks.), Reference(id=1242115146865246210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=133, issue=null, pageStart=013201, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.013201, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Elwell R, Schneider C, Jeet J, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Elwell R,
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Jeet J,
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Physical Review Letters,
2024,
133: 013201, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.013201., articleTitle=Laser excitation of the Th229 nuclear isomeric transition in a solid-state host, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115146928160771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07839-6, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=633, issue=8028, pageStart=63, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Zhang C K, Ooi T, Higgins J S, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Zhang C K,
Ooi T,
Higgins J S,
et al. Frequency ratio of the
229mTh nuclear isomeric transition and the 87Sr atomic clock[J].
Nature,
2024,
633(8028): 63-70., articleTitle=Frequency ratio of the
229mTh nuclear isomeric transition and the 87Sr atomic clock, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115146991075332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-024-08256-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=636, issue=8043, pageStart=603, pageEnd=608, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zhang C K, Vondewr W L, Doyle J F, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Zhang C K,
Vondewr W L,
Doyle J F,
et al.
229ThF
4 thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks[J].
Nature,
2024,
636(8043): 603-608., articleTitle=
229ThF
4 thin films for solid-state nuclear clocks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147053989893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=32273502, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=1752, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Qu W Z, Jin S C, Sun J, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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et al. Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement[J].
Nature Communications,
2020,
11: 1752, doi:
10.1038/s41467-020-15557-6., articleTitle=Sub-Hertz resonance by weak measurement, refAbstract=Weak measurement (WM) with state pre- and post-selection can amplify otherwise undetectable small signals and thus has potential in precision measurement applications. Although frequency measurements offer the hitherto highest precision due to the stable narrow atomic transitions, it remains a long-standing interest to develop new schemes to further escalate their performance. Here, we demonstrate a WM-enhanced correlation spectroscopy technique capable of narrowing the resonance linewidth down to 0.1 Hz in a room-temperature atomic vapour cell. The potential of this technique for precision measurement is demonstrated through weak magnetic-field sensing. By judiciously pre- and post-selecting frequency-modulated input and output optical states in a nearly orthogonal manner, a sensitivity of 7 fT Hz at a low frequency near DC is achieved using only one laser beam with 15 µW of power. Additionally, our results extend the WM framework to a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and shed new light on metrology and bio-magnetic field sensing.), Reference(id=1242115147121098758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=房建成, 魏凯, 江雷, journalName=航空学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=房建成, 魏凯, 江雷,
等. 超高灵敏极弱磁场与惯性测量科学装置与零磁科学展望[J].
航空学报,
2022,
43(10): 527752, doi:
10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27752., articleTitle=超高灵敏极弱磁场与惯性测量科学装置与零磁科学展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147196596231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Fang J C, Wei K, Jiang L, journalName=Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Fang J C,
Wei K,
Jiang L,
et al. Scientific facilities for ultrasensitive measurement of magnetic field and inertial rotation and prospects of zero-magnetism science[J].
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2022,
43(10): 527752, doi:
10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27752. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Scientific facilities for ultrasensitive measurement of magnetic field and inertial rotation and prospects of zero-magnetism science, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147297259528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=6, issue=24, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhang R, Xiao W, Ding Y D, journalName=Science Advances, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Zhang R,
Xiao W,
Ding Y D,
et al. Recording brain activities in unshielded Earth’s field with optically pumped atomic magnetometers[J].
Science Advances,
2020,
6(24): eaba8792, doi:
10.1126/sciadv.aba8792., articleTitle=Recording brain activities in unshielded Earth’s field with optically pumped atomic magnetometers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147351785482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=014053, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.014053, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Meyer D H, Kunz P D, Cox K C, journalName=Physical Review Applied, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Meyer D H,
Kunz P D,
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Physical Review Applied,
2021,
15: 014053, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.014053., articleTitle=Waveguide-coupled Rydberg spectrum analyzer from 0 to 20 GHz, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147439865868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41567-020-0918-5, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=911, pageEnd=915, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Jing M Y, Hu Y, Ma J, journalName=Nature Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Jing M Y,
Hu Y,
Ma J,
et al. Atomic superheterodyne receiver based on microwave-dressed Rydberg spectroscopy[J].
Nature Physics,
2020,
16(9): 911-915., articleTitle=Atomic superheterodyne receiver based on microwave-dressed Rydberg spectroscopy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147498586125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=68, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Wang Q X, Liang Y K, Wang Z H, journalName=Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Wang Q X,
Liang Y K,
Wang Z H,
et al. High-precision measurement of microwave electric field by cavity-enhanced critical behavior in a many-body Rydberg atomic system[J].
Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy,
2025,
68(6): 264211, doi:
10.1007/s11433-024-2622-x., articleTitle=High-precision measurement of microwave electric field by cavity-enhanced critical behavior in a many-body Rydberg atomic system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147565694990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=97, issue=null, pageStart=240801, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.240801, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Durfee D S, Shaham Y K, Kasevich M A, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Durfee D S,
Shaham Y K,
Kasevich M A. Long-term stability of an area-reversible atom-interferometer Sagnac gyroscope[J].
Physical Review Letters,
2006,
97: 240801, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.240801., articleTitle=Long-term stability of an area-reversible atom-interferometer Sagnac gyroscope, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147628609551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04315-3, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=602, issue=7898, pageStart=590, pageEnd=594, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Stray B, Lamb A, Kaushik A, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Stray B,
Lamb A,
Kaushik A,
et al. Quantum sensing for gravity cartography[J].
Nature,
2022,
602(7898): 590-594., articleTitle=Quantum sensing for gravity cartography, refAbstract=\n The sensing of gravity has emerged as a tool in geophysics applications such as engineering and climate research\n 1–3\n, including the monitoring of temporal variations in aquifers\n 4\n and geodesy\n 5\n. However, it is impractical to use gravity cartography to resolve metre-scale underground features because of the long measurement times needed for the removal of vibrational noise\n 6\n. Here we overcome this limitation by realizing a practical quantum gravity gradient sensor. Our design suppresses the effects of micro-seismic and laser noise, thermal and magnetic field variations, and instrument tilt. The instrument achieves a statistical uncertainty of 20 E (1 E = 10\n −9\n s\n −2\n ) and is used to perform a 0.5-metre-spatial-resolution survey across an 8.5-metre-long line, detecting a 2-metre tunnel with a signal-to-noise ratio of 8. Using a Bayesian inference method, we determine the centre to ±0.19 metres horizontally and the centre depth as (1.89 −0.59/+2.3) metres. The removal of vibrational noise enables improvements in instrument performance to directly translate into reduced measurement time in mapping. The sensor parameters are compatible with applications in mapping aquifers and evaluating impacts on the water table\n 7\n, archaeology\n 8–11\n, determination of soil properties\n 12\n and water content\n 13\n, and reducing the risk of unforeseen ground conditions in the construction of critical energy, transport and utilities infrastructure\n 14\n, providing a new window into the underground.\n), Reference(id=1242115147695718416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=011029, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011029, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Cassens C, Meyer-Hoppe B, Rasel E, journalName=Physical Review X, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Cassens C,
Meyer-Hoppe B,
Rasel E,
et al. Entanglement-enhanced atomic gravimeter[J].
Physical Review X,
2025,
15: 011029, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011029., articleTitle=Entanglement-enhanced atomic gravimeter, refAbstract=Interferometers based on ultracold atoms enable an absolute measurement of inertial forces with unprecedented precision. However, their resolution is fundamentally restricted by quantum fluctuations. Improved resolutions with entangled or squeezed atoms were demonstrated in internal-state measurements for thermal and quantum-degenerate atoms and, recently, for momentum-state interferometers with laser-cooled atoms. Here, we present a gravimeter based on Bose-Einstein condensates with a sensitivity of −1.7−0.5+0.4 dB beyond the standard quantum limit. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates combined with delta-kick collimation minimizes atom loss in and improves scalability of the interferometer to very-long-baseline atom interferometers.), Reference(id=1242115147758632977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1080/00107514.2023.2182950, pmid=38463461, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=63, issue=3, pageStart=161, pageEnd=179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Schofield H, Boto E, Shah V, journalName=Contemporary Physics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Schofield H,
Boto E,
Shah V,
et al. Quantum enabled functional neuroimaging: The why and how of magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers[J].
Contemporary Physics,
2022,
63(3): 161-179., articleTitle=Quantum enabled functional neuroimaging: The why and how of magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers, refAbstract=Non-invasive imaging has transformed neuroscientific discovery and clinical practice, providing a non-invasive window into the human brain. However, whilst techniques like MRI generate ever more precise images of brain structure, in many cases, it's the within neural networks that underlies disease. Here, we review the potential for quantum-enabled magnetic field sensors to shed light on such activity. Specifically, we describe how optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) enable magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings with higher accuracy and improved practicality compared to the current state-of-the-art. The paper is split into two parts: first, we describe the work to date on OPM-MEG, detailing this novel biomagnetic imaging technique is proving disruptive. Second, we explain fundamental physics, including quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, underpins this developing technology. We conclude with a look to the future, outlining the potential for OPM-MEG to initiate a step change in the understanding and management of brain health.), Reference(id=1242115147842519058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2917-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=587, issue=7835, pageStart=588, pageEnd=593, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Miller B S, Bezinge L, Gliddon H D, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Miller B S,
Bezinge L,
Gliddon H D,
et al. Spin-enhanced nanodiamond biosensing for ultrasensitive diagnostics[J].
Nature,
2020,
587(7835): 588-593., articleTitle=Spin-enhanced nanodiamond biosensing for ultrasensitive diagnostics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115147897045011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1021/jacs.3c07720, pmid=38469853, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=146, issue=11, pageStart=7222, pageEnd=7232, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Lu Q, Vosberg B, Wang Z Y, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Lu Q,
Vosberg B,
Wang Z Y,
et al. Unraveling eumelanin radical formation by nanodiamond optical relaxometry in a living cell[J].
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
2024,
146(11): 7222-7232., articleTitle=Unraveling eumelanin radical formation by nanodiamond optical relaxometry in a living cell, refAbstract=Defect centers in a nanodiamond (ND) allow the detection of tiny magnetic fields in their direct surroundings, rendering them as an emerging tool for nanoscale sensing applications. Eumelanin, an abundant pigment, plays an important role in biology and material science. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the comproportionation reaction in eumelanin by detecting and quantifying semiquinone radicals through the nitrogen-vacancy color center. A thin layer of eumelanin is polymerized on the surface of nanodiamonds (NDs), and depending on the environmental conditions, such as the local pH value, near-infrared, and ultraviolet light irradiation, the radicals form and react in situ. By combining experiments and theoretical simulations, we quantify the local number and kinetics of free radicals in the eumelanin layer. Next, the ND sensor enters the cells via endosomal vesicles. We quantify the number of radicals formed within the eumelanin layer in these acidic compartments by applying optical relaxometry measurements. In the future, we believe that the ND quantum sensor could provide valuable insights into the chemistry of eumelanin, which could contribute to the understanding and treatment of eumelanin- and melanin-related diseases.), Reference(id=1242115147964153876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=116, issue=null, pageStart=061102, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Abbott B P, Abbott R, Abbott T D, journalName=Physical Review Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Abbott B P,
Abbott R,
Abbott T D,
et al. Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger[J].
Physical Review Letters,
2016,
116: 061102, doi:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102., articleTitle=Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger, refAbstract=On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10−21. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410−180+160 Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09−0.04+0.03. In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mrow><i:mn>3</i:mn><i:msubsup><i:mrow><i:mn>6</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mn>4</i:mn></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>+</i:mo><i:mn>5</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msubsup><i:msub><i:mrow><i:mi>M</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo stretchy=\"false\">⊙</i:mo></i:mrow></i:msub></i:mrow></i:math> and 29−4+4M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62−4+4M⊙, with 3.0−0.5+0.5M⊙c2 radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.), Reference(id=1242115148043845653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-020-3006-1, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=588, issue=7838, pageStart=414, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Pedrozo-PEÑAFIEL E, Colombo S, Shu C, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Pedrozo-PEÑAFIEL E,
Colombo S,
Shu C,
et al. Entanglement on an optical atomic-clock transition[J].
Nature,
2020,
588(7838): 414-418., articleTitle=Entanglement on an optical atomic-clock transition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115148106760214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07026-7, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=627, issue=8002, pageStart=73, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Bhattacharyya P, Chen W, Huang X, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Bhattacharyya P,
Chen W,
Huang X,
et al. Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors[J].
Nature,
2024,
627(8002): 73-79., articleTitle=Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242115148182257687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, doi=null, pmid=38637491, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=3331, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Jiang M, Hong T Z, Hu D D, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Jiang M,
Hong T Z,
Hu D D,
et al. Long-baseline quantum sensor network as dark matter haloscope[J].
Nature Communications,
2024,
15: 3331, doi:
10.1038/s41467-024-47566-0., articleTitle=Long-baseline quantum sensor network as dark matter haloscope, refAbstract=Ultralight dark photons constitute a well-motivated candidate for dark matter. A coherent electromagnetic wave is expected to be induced by dark photons when coupled with Standard-Model photons through kinetic mixing mechanism, and should be spatially correlated within the de Broglie wavelength of dark photons. Here we report the first search for correlated dark-photon signals using a long-baseline network of 15 atomic magnetometers, which are situated in two separated meter-scale shield rooms with a distance of about 1700 km. Both the network's multiple sensors and the shields large size significantly enhance the expected dark-photon electromagnetic signals, and long-baseline measurements confidently reduce many local noise sources. Using this network, we constrain the kinetic mixing coefficient of dark photon dark matter over the mass range 4.1 feV-2.1 peV, which represents the most stringent constraints derived from any terrestrial experiments operating over the aforementioned mass range. Our prospect indicates that future data releases may go beyond the astrophysical constraints from the cosmic microwave background and the plasma heating.© 2024. The Author(s).)], funds=[Fund(id=1242115146412262397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, awardId=Z240006, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金(Z240006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242115146475176958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, awardId=2024ZD0803300, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2024ZD0803300), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242115142108906428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142117295037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142108906428, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142125683646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142108906428, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1 北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242115142192792511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142201181120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142192792511, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室, 北京 100190)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242115142268289986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142276678595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142268289986, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242115142289261508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, companyId=1242115142268289986, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242115145829254133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Chip-scale atomic clock developed by Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences (BAQIS), figureFileSmall=7zLnvY/tUE3CKpo4nrM79g==, figureFileBig=RRNe4F2tkxb9xqzhKRjujQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115145896362998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
北京量子信息科学研究院研制的芯片原子钟, figureFileSmall=7zLnvY/tUE3CKpo4nrM79g==, figureFileBig=RRNe4F2tkxb9xqzhKRjujQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115145984443383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Integrated Rydberg electromagnetic detection system developed by BAQIS, figureFileSmall=mJ/cRdJiXXVpR6uBfz4PPg==, figureFileBig=K5o9VqVkmhbkNAW04iDuEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115146043163640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
北京量子信息科学研究院的集成化里德堡电磁探测系统, figureFileSmall=mJ/cRdJiXXVpR6uBfz4PPg==, figureFileBig=K5o9VqVkmhbkNAW04iDuEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115146101883897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Quantum gravimeter developed by the University of Birmingham (UK) for subsurface information sensing[15], figureFileSmall=9AsTJ+7EuEpnoCfS8fdnGw==, figureFileBig=fvFF0SN0PXVprp/V4VrKgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115146156409850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
英国伯明翰大学量子重力梯度仪用于地下信息感知[15], figureFileSmall=9AsTJ+7EuEpnoCfS8fdnGw==, figureFileBig=fvFF0SN0PXVprp/V4VrKgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242115146223518715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251592718012623, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
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基于磁力仪长基线网络探测暗光子暗物质[23], figureFileSmall=CqnrXKzyEZpnILm1MLq++w==, figureFileBig=bL9JPEu7/u7bwnsFZDRpeg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1129340393107079197, delFlag=0, nameCn=前瞻科技, nameEn=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0781, eissn=, cn=10-1786/N, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Fore, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1757931223825, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural 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