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Quantum computing, a pivotal frontier steering the new wave of technological and industrial transformation, necessitates a clear assessment of China’s technological posture and precise strategic planning to secure global scientific and technological competitiveness. This paper examined the international quantum computing technology development landscape and evaluated China’s advancements in this field. Findings indicate that after a decade of rapid development, China has joined the global forefront, leading in photon approaches. Nevertheless, it still trails the U.S. in most fields and requires improvement at the level of fundamental principles and original innovation. The study further underscores external dependencies for China in core materials and equipment, coupled with a shortage of high-level talent. On this basis, the paper proposed a series of measures aimed at strengthening independent innovation and optimizing the talent strategy, providing decision-making references for China to seize the commanding heights in the quantum field in the future.
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量子计算是引领新一轮科技革命与产业变革的战略性前沿领域,厘清我国在该领域的技术态势并制定精准发展路径,对赢得全球科技竞争主动权至关重要。文章通过对国际量子计算技术发展格局的深度剖析,系统评估了我国量子计算技术的发展情况。研究表明,我国经过近10年的快速发展,量子计算整体技术水平跻身全球第一方阵,在光量子等技术路线上领先,但在多数细分方向上与美国仍有差距,在基础原理与原始创新层面有待提高。研究进一步揭示了我国在核心材料、关键设备领域面临的外部制约,以及高端人才储备短缺的严峻挑战。基于此,提出了一系列旨在强化自主创新、优化人才战略的对策,为我国在量子领域抢占未来制高点提供决策参考。
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任维娟,北京量子信息科学研究院科研管理主管。主要从事科技管理及情报研究工作研究。曾参与科学技术部、中国工程院、北京市科学技术委员会等的战略咨询课题,围绕国内外量子计算、量子通信、量子精密测量等技术方向和产业发展形势进行深入的研究,多份研判报告得到领导批示。电子信箱:renwj@baqis.ac.cn。 |
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李爱仙,博士,助理研究员。主要从事耦合量子点的输运特性、纳米体系的非线性光学、量子精密测量及量子科技战略研究。电子信箱:liax@baqis.ac.cn。
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李爱仙,博士,助理研究员。主要从事耦合量子点的输运特性、纳米体系的非线性光学、量子精密测量及量子科技战略研究。电子信箱:liax@baqis.ac.cn。
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†, address=北京量子信息科学研究院, 北京 100193, bio={"img":"f5ZoElQHomAKsNC0wGHKFQ==","content":"
任维娟,北京量子信息科学研究院科研管理主管。主要从事科技管理及情报研究工作研究。曾参与科学技术部、中国工程院、北京市科学技术委员会等的战略咨询课题,围绕国内外量子计算、量子通信、量子精密测量等技术方向和产业发展形势进行深入的研究,多份研判报告得到领导批示。电子信箱:renwj@baqis.ac.cn。
"}, bioImg=f5ZoElQHomAKsNC0wGHKFQ==, bioContent=
任维娟,北京量子信息科学研究院科研管理主管。主要从事科技管理及情报研究工作研究。曾参与科学技术部、中国工程院、北京市科学技术委员会等的战略咨询课题,围绕国内外量子计算、量子通信、量子精密测量等技术方向和产业发展形势进行深入的研究,多份研判报告得到领导批示。电子信箱:renwj@baqis.ac.cn。
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Publications in quantum computing field
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 论文数量/篇 | 占比/% |
| 1 | 中国 | 19 489 | 26.74 |
| 2 | 美国 | 16 803 | 22.86 |
| 3 | 德国 | 8 146 | 11.08 |
| 4 | 日本 | 6 734 | 9.16 |
| 5 | 英国 | 4 093 | 5.57 |
| 6 | 韩国 | 3 903 | 5.31 |
| 7 | 印度 | 3 746 | 5.10 |
| 8 | 法国 | 3 566 | 4.85 |
| 9 | 加拿大 | 2 978 | 4.05 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242114949229642150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251589836521860, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
量子计算领域论文发表情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 论文数量/篇 | 占比/% |
| 1 | 中国 | 19 489 | 26.74 |
| 2 | 美国 | 16 803 | 22.86 |
| 3 | 德国 | 8 146 | 11.08 |
| 4 | 日本 | 6 734 | 9.16 |
| 5 | 英国 | 4 093 | 5.57 |
| 6 | 韩国 | 3 903 | 5.31 |
| 7 | 印度 | 3 746 | 5.10 |
| 8 | 法国 | 3 566 | 4.85 |
| 9 | 加拿大 | 2 978 | 4.05 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242114949292556711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251589836521860, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Patent applications and grants in quantum computing field
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 专利申请数量/件 | 专利授权数量/件 |
| 1 | 中国 | 23 667 | 4 948 |
| 2 | 美国 | 18 263 | 10 716 |
| 3 | 日本 | 11 861 | 7 597 |
| 4 | 法国 | 7 513 | 6 379 |
| 5 | 德国 | 5 111 | 6 792 |
| 6 | 英国 | 1 960 | 1 208 |
| 7 | 加拿大 | 1 723 | 866 |
| 8 | 韩国 | 1 860 | 1 342 |
), ArticleFig(id=1242114949355471272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1218251589836521860, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
量子计算领域专利申请及授权情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 序号 | 国家 | 专利申请数量/件 | 专利授权数量/件 |
| 1 | 中国 | 23 667 | 4 948 |
| 2 | 美国 | 18 263 | 10 716 |
| 3 | 日本 | 11 861 | 7 597 |
| 4 | 法国 | 7 513 | 6 379 |
| 5 | 德国 | 5 111 | 6 792 |
| 6 | 英国 | 1 960 | 1 208 |
| 7 | 加拿大 | 1 723 | 866 |
| 8 | 韩国 | 1 860 | 1 342 |
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