Article(id=1200407090054418740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=1750608000000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764128952753, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1758297600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1760630400000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764128952753, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072879505, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1200407088884216687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2025', volume='4', issue='3', pageStart='4', pageEnd='131', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1764128952475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776074940856, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512195805725193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512195805725194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1200407088884216687, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=现代运河工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200407090960388406, articleId=1200407090054418740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Fundamental Scientific Issues of Green Construction and Operation for Modern Canal Engineering, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Modern canals integrate multi-functional needs such as shipping, flood control, water supply, irrigation, ecology, and tourism. There are many challenges in construction and operation, such as out-of-balance water and sediment transport, regional water security, ecological environment protection, long-life safety of structures, and low carbon. The need for China’s modern canal construction is increasingly urgent. However, the relevant fundamental research is relatively weak. The key theories and technologies of green construction and operation have yet to be broken through, and there is an urgent need to build systematic theories for synergistic regulation of safety and low carbon during the whole life of the canal project. Based on the discussion on the 362nd Shuangqing Forum of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), this paper reviews the development history of artificial canals and the research status of modern canal engineering, puts forward the core connotation of modern canal engineering, summarizes the key technical problems faced by the green construction and operation for modern canal engineering in China, condenses the major scientific issues that need to be paid attention to and solved in the next 5-10 years for green construction and operation of modern canal engineering, and discusses the frontier research direction and the strategy of science funding in the related fields, which have important guiding significance for enabling the construction of large-scale cross-water canal projects in China.

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现代运河集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能需求于一体,其工程建造与运维面临水沙输移失衡、区域水安全、生态环境保护、结构长寿命安全与低碳等诸多挑战。中国现代运河工程建设需求日趋迫切,但相关基础研究较为薄弱,绿色建造与运维关键理论与技术有待突破,全寿命期安全与低碳协同调控理论体系亟待探索。基于第362期双清论坛的研讨基础,文章梳理了人工运河的发展历程,提出了现代运河工程的基本内涵,分析了现代运河工程的研究现状,总结了中国现代运河工程绿色建造与运维所面临的关键难题,凝炼了现代运河工程绿色建造与运维未来5~10年亟须关注和解决的重大科学问题,探讨了相关领域的前沿研究方向,对科技赋能中国现代运河工程建设具有重要的指导意义。

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*文根据第362期双清论坛讨论的内容整理。

Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:

胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:

刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:

肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:

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Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:

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Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:

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胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=lHVglGEpCoeVWiTiaMdxKA==, bioContent=

胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:

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刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:

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刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:

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肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:

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肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Development path of waterway transport in China under construction of new development pattern of domestic and international circulations during 14th Five-Year Plan period, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114980464627935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=刘宁, journalName=水运工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘宁. 平陆运河工程建设关键问题研究与思考[J]. 水运工程, 2024(6): 1-11., articleTitle=平陆运河工程建设关键问题研究与思考, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114980531736800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Liu N, journalName=Port Waterway Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu N. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research and contemplation on key issues in construction of Pinglu Canal Project, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114980607234273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.04.020, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=210, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=肖建庄, 俞才华, 夏冰, journalName=中国工程科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖建庄, 俞才华, 夏冰, . 运河工程低碳建造基本技术问题及对策[J]. 中国工程科学, 2024, 26(4): 210-221., articleTitle=运河工程低碳建造基本技术问题及对策, refAbstract=探讨运河工程低碳建造面临的基本技术问题并提出技术发展应对策略,有助于完善我国运河工程低碳建造的理论与技术,为未来的国际国内运河工程建设提供参考。本文概要梳理了我国古代运河工程和现代运河的建设情况,从重大基础设施低碳发展共性、运河工程低碳建造个性的角度明确了运河工程低碳建造的必要性。新时期运河工程建造的难点是在保障运河工程可靠性的基础上提升建造低碳性,因而运河工程低碳建造的基本技术问题集中在低碳性保障方面;依托平陆运河这一世纪工程的低碳技术攻关实践,着重凝练了运河建筑材料高效运用、运河新旧构件高效利用、运河多维固废循环再生、运河耐久性保障及沿线生物多样保护、运河施工与运维低能耗等基本技术问题。提出了由减量化、再利用、循环再生、韧性化、可再生能源构成的5R低碳建造技术框架,精准应对运河工程低碳建造的基本技术问题。运河工程低碳建造处于起步阶段,建议学术界和工程界持续保持对这一新兴领域的关注、思考与研究。), Reference(id=1242114980674343138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.04.020, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=210, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Xiao J Z, Yu C H, Xia B, journalName=Strategic Study of CAE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao J Z, Yu C H, Xia B, et al. Fundamental technical problems and countermeasures in the low-carbon construction of canal engineering[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2024, 26(4): 210-221. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Fundamental technical problems and countermeasures in the low-carbon construction of canal engineering, refAbstract=

Exploring the fundamental technical problems and countermeasures will help improve the theories and technologies regarding the low-carbon construction of canal engineering (LCCCE) and provide references for future canal construction. This study reviews the history of canal engineering in China and clarifies the necessity of LCCCE from the perspectives of engineering commonality and canal individuality. The difficulty of canal engineering in the new situation is to improve low-carbon construction on the basis of ensuring reliability. Therefore, the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE focus on low-carbon security. Based on the practice of low-carbon technology research in the century-long project of the Pinglu Canal, this study focuses on the following fundamental technical problems: (1) efficient application of canal building materials, (2) efficient utilization of old and new structures, (3) multi-dimensional recycling of solid wastes, (4) durability guarantee and biodiversity protection of canals, and (5) low-energy consumption in canal construction, operation, and maintenance. A low-carbon construction technology framework consisting of “reduce, reuse, recycle, resilience, and renewable energy” (5R) is proposed to accurately address the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE. The LCCCE is still in its infancy, and it is recommended that the academic and engineering communities continue to focus on this emerging field.

), Reference(id=1242114980737257699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=66, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=华华, 胡娟, 周云鹏, journalName=中国水运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=华华, 胡娟, 周云鹏. 京杭运河绿色现代航运综合整治工程江南段总体建设方案[J]. 中国水运, 2023(10): 66-68., articleTitle=京杭运河绿色现代航运综合整治工程江南段总体建设方案, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114980808560868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=66, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Hua H, Hu J, Zhou Y P, journalName=China Water Transport, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hua H, Hu J, Zhou Y P. Overall construction plan for the Jiangnan section of the green modern shipping comprehensive improvement project of the Jing Hang Grand Canal[J]. China Water Transport, 2023(10): 66-68. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Overall construction plan for the Jiangnan section of the green modern shipping comprehensive improvement project of the Jing Hang Grand Canal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114980867281125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.06.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=108, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=钮新强, 吴永妍, 王磊, journalName=中国工程科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钮新强, 吴永妍, 王磊, . 高质量建设国家水网工程的思考与建议[J]. 中国工程科学, 2024, 26(6): 108-119., articleTitle=高质量建设国家水网工程的思考与建议, refAbstract=实施国家水网重大工程,加快构建国家水网,对全面提升我国水安全保障水平,支撑经济社会高质量发展具有重大战略意义。本文从我国水安全形势出发,论述了高质量建设国家水网工程的重大意义,以南水北调中线一期工程、引江补汉工程和渝西水资源配置工程为例,从规划、建造、运行3个方面总结了国家水网重大工程的技术成果和实践经验;探讨了高质量建设国家水网工程面临的关键挑战,提出了未来高质量建设国家水网工程的重点技术攻关方向,包括国家水网工程体系构建与功效评价、国家水网工程安全智能建造与运营维护、国家水网工程智能调控等。研究建议,加快推进南水北调后续工程建设,完善国家水网主骨架和大动脉;加快完善区域水网工程布局,支撑国家重大区域发展战略建设;推进多网融合示范工程建设,提升工程综合效益;推进重大水网工程全过程数字化建设,提升水网服务社会经济发展能力,助力高质量建设国家水网工程,为保障我国未来水安全奠定基础。), Reference(id=1242114980930195686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.06.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=108, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Niu X Q, Wu Y Y, Wang L, journalName=Strategic Study of CAE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niu X Q, Wu Y Y, Wang L, et al. Thoughts and suggestions on high-quality construction of national water network project[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2024, 26(6): 108-119. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Thoughts and suggestions on high-quality construction of national water network project, refAbstract=

Developing major projects concerning the national water network and shoring up the construction of the national water network has strategic significance in comprehensively improving China's capacity to guarantee its water security and supporting its high-quality economic and social development. This study first discusses the necessity and urgency of constructing national water network projects based on China's water security situation. Consequently, it summarizes the technical achievements and practical experience regarding the construction from the aspects of planning, construction, and operation, drawing from the examples of the first stage of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, the water diversion project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River, and the water resource allocation project in the west region of Chongqing. Moreover, it explores the challenges in the high-quality construction of national water network projects and proposes several key technological research directions, including the construction principles and effectiveness evaluation systems, intelligent construction and performance maintenance, and intelligent regulation of the national water network projects. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed to promote high-quality construction of national water network projects and to guarantee future water security: (1) accelerating the construction of the follow-up projects of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to complete the main framework of the national water network, (2) optimizing the regional layout of the water network project to support China's major regional development strategies, (3) promoting the demonstration projects that integrate the development of water network with other networks so as to enhance comprehensive benefits, and (4) promoting the application of digital technologies throughout the entire process of the construction and enhancing the water network's ability to serve social and economic development.

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research developments in the field of major ship lift in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114982100406521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=47, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=刘加平, 汤金辉, 韩方玉, journalName=土木工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘加平, 汤金辉, 韩方玉. 现代混凝土增韧防裂原理及应用[J]. 土木工程学报, 2021, 54(10): 47-54, 63., articleTitle=现代混凝土增韧防裂原理及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114982163321082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=47, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Liu J P, Tang J H, Han F Y, journalName=China Civil Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J P, Tang J H, Han F Y. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Toughening and crack prevention of modern concrete: Mechanisms and applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983627133179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=6, pageStart=1161, pageEnd=1176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=詹良通, 陆均尧, 程耀飞, journalName=广西大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹良通, 陆均尧, 程耀飞, . 运河土石方堆存场安全保障与再利用技术[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 49(6): 1161-1176., articleTitle=运河土石方堆存场安全保障与再利用技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983681659132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=6, pageStart=1161, pageEnd=1176, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhan L T, Lu J Y, Cheng Y F, journalName=Journal of Guangxi University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan L T, Lu J Y, Cheng Y F, et al. Safety assurance and reutilization technologies for containments of soil and rock excavated from a canal[J]. Journal of Guangxi University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 49(6): 1161-1176. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Safety assurance and reutilization technologies for containments of soil and rock excavated from a canal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983740379389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Zhang C, Xie Y, Yang J, journalName=Construction and Building Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C, Xie Y, Yang J, et al. The novel vegetation concrete blocks for embankment protection incorporating the light aggregates recycled by lake-dredged sediments[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 381, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131282., articleTitle=The novel vegetation concrete blocks for embankment protection incorporating the light aggregates recycled by lake-dredged sediments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983799099646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=33, issue=7, pageStart=1275, pageEnd=1288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=连进禄, 罗立津, 傅志森, journalName=中国生态农业学报(中英文), refType=null, unstructuredReference=连进禄, 罗立津, 傅志森, . 基于微生物矿化的生态修复措施下边坡土壤理化特性与微生物群落的协同演变研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2025, 33(7): 1275-1288., articleTitle=基于微生物矿化的生态修复措施下边坡土壤理化特性与微生物群落的协同演变研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983853625599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=33, issue=7, pageStart=1275, pageEnd=1288, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Lian J L, Luo L J, Fu Z S, journalName=Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lian J L, Luo L J, Fu Z S, et al. The synergistic evolution of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in slope soils with the ecological restoration measures based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2025, 33(7): 1275-1288. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The synergistic evolution of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities in slope soils with the ecological restoration measures based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983916540160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Yan J, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, journalName=Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan J, Zheng Z, Zhou Y, et al. Recent research progress in intelligent construction: A comparison between China and developed countries[J]. Buildings, 2023, 13(5), doi: 10.3390/buildings13051329., articleTitle=Recent research progress in intelligent construction: A comparison between China and developed countries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114983983649025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Fei Y, Liao W, Zhang S, journalName=Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fei Y, Liao W, Zhang S, et al. Integrated schematic design method for shear wall structures: A practical application of generative adversarial networks[J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(9), doi: 10.3390/buildings12091295., articleTitle=Integrated schematic design method for shear wall structures: A practical application of generative adversarial networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984059146498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Chiachío M, Megía M, Chiachío J, journalName=Automation in Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chiachío M, Megía M, Chiachío J, et al. Structural digital twin framework: Formulation and technology integration[J]. Automation in Construction, 2022, 140, doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104333., articleTitle=Structural digital twin framework: Formulation and technology integration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984126255363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Doukari O, Seck B, Greenwood D, journalName=Buildings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Doukari O, Seck B, Greenwood D. The creation of construction schedules in 4D BIM: A comparison of conventional and automated approaches[J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(8), doi: 10.3390/buildings12081145., articleTitle=The creation of construction schedules in 4D BIM: A comparison of conventional and automated approaches, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984193364228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=13, issue=12, pageStart=33, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=张宗亮, 于玉贞, 张丙印, journalName=中国工程科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张宗亮, 于玉贞, 张丙印. 高土石坝工程安全评价与预警信息管理系统[J]. 中国工程科学, 2011, 13(12): 33-37., articleTitle=高土石坝工程安全评价与预警信息管理系统, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984260473093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=13, issue=12, pageStart=33, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Zhang Z L, Yu Y Z, Zhang B Y, journalName=Strategic Study of CAE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Z L, Yu Y Z, Zhang B Y. An information management system of safety assessment and warning for high earth-rockfill dam[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2011, 13(12): 33-37. (in Chinese), articleTitle=An information management system of safety assessment and warning for high earth-rockfill dam, refAbstract=

Based on the monitoring data, a practical information management system of safety assessment and warning for Nuozhadu earth-rockfill dam is developed. The system includes system management module, safety criteria module, monitoring data and engineering information module, numerical calculation module, back-analysis module, safety warning and contingency plan module, and data base and management module. The numerical calculation and back-analysis modules are the key parts, which perform analysis of seepage, stress and deformation of dam, crack of dam, dynamic response and slope stability. The parameters of constitutive model are back-analyzed by using the monitoring data and the behaviors of the dam at some important time are predicted.

), Reference(id=1242114984335970566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=钟登华, 张天鸿, 余红玲, journalName=水利学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟登华, 张天鸿, 余红玲, . 智能时代与大坝工程建设智能化研究进展[J]. 水利学报, 2025, 56(1): 1-19., articleTitle=智能时代与大坝工程建设智能化研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984403079431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=56, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=48, authorNames=Zhong D H, Zhang T H, Yu H L, journalName=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhong D H, Zhang T H, Yu H L, et al. Advancements in intelligent dam engineering construction in the intelligence era[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2025, 56(1): 1-19. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Advancements in intelligent dam engineering construction in the intelligence era, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984474382600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=7, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=49, authorNames=周创兵, 姚池, 杨建华, journalName=中国水利, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周创兵, 姚池, 杨建华, . 数智技术赋能库坝系统安全管控探讨[J]. 中国水利, 2025(1): 7-14., articleTitle=数智技术赋能库坝系统安全管控探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984545685769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=7, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Zhou C B, Yao C, Yang J H, journalName=China Water Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou C B, Yao C, Yang J H, et al. Safety control of reservoir dam system with digital intelligence technology[J]. China Water Resources, 2025(1): 7-14. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Safety control of reservoir dam system with digital intelligence technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984600211722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=961, pageEnd=975, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=邓铭江, journalName=干旱区地理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邓铭江. 三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(5): 961-975., articleTitle=三层级多目标水循环调控理论与工程技术体系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984658931979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=961, pageEnd=975, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=52, authorNames=Deng M J, journalName=Arid Land Geography, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng M J. System of three-scale multi-objective water cycle regulation theory and engineering technology[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(5): 961-975. (in Chinese), articleTitle=System of three-scale multi-objective water cycle regulation theory and engineering technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984721846540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=29, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=53, authorNames=肖绪文, journalName=施工企业管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖绪文. 智能建造:是什么、为什么、做什么、怎么做[J]. 施工企业管理, 2022(12): 29-31., articleTitle=智能建造:是什么、为什么、做什么、怎么做, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114984776372493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=29, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=Xiao X W, journalName=Construction Enterprise Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao X W. Intelligent construction: What is it, why, what to do, and how to do it[J]. Construction Enterprise Management, 2022(12): 29-31. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Intelligent construction: What is it, why, what to do, and how to do it, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114971870498872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971878887481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971870498872, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971883081786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971870498872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114971962773564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971971162173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971962773564, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China State Construction Technical Center, China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114971979550782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114971962773564, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国建筑集团有限公司中国建筑技术中心,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972029882434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972034076739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972029882434, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Key Laboratory of Navigation Structures, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972042465348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972029882434, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,南京 210029)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972126351430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972134740039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972126351430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972143128648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972126351430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京 211189)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972185071689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972193460298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972185071689, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972197654603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972185071689, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972256374861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972264763470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972256374861, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6. School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972268957776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972256374861, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6.清华大学土木水利学院,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114972327678032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114972336066642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, companyId=1242114972327678032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=7. 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Cost and pollution emission ratio of the three main modes of transportation: highway, railway, and water transportation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 公路∶铁路∶水运
单位货运量能耗 11.4∶1.2∶1.0
运输成本 12.0∶5.0∶1.0
二氧化碳排量 13.1∶1.7∶1.0
氮氧化物排量 6.4∶1.4∶1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1242114979634155732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

公路、铁路、水运3种主要运输方式的成本及污染排放量比值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 公路∶铁路∶水运
单位货运量能耗 11.4∶1.2∶1.0
运输成本 12.0∶5.0∶1.0
二氧化碳排量 13.1∶1.7∶1.0
氮氧化物排量 6.4∶1.4∶1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1242114979701264597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The changes in canal engineering construction during different development periods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发展时期 代表性运河 主要功能 建造材料 建造方式 运维管养
古代运河
(18世纪以前)
灵渠
京杭大运河
巴比伦运河
漕运,饮水,灌溉 木材,石材,夯土 人力工具 人工疏浚
近代运河
(18—20世纪)
伊利运河
苏伊士运河
巴拿马运河
航运,灌溉,军事 铸铁,砖块,钢筋混凝土 蒸汽动力设备,燃油动力设备 人工巡检,定期维护
现代运河
(21世纪)
平陆运河 集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能于一体 低水化热混凝土,高性能混凝土,合金材料,高分子材料,生态低碳材料 燃油动力装备,电气动力装备,大型自动化机械,信息化平台 智能巡检,智慧管养
), ArticleFig(id=1242114979780956374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1200407090054418740, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同发展时期运河工程建设的变迁

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
发展时期 代表性运河 主要功能 建造材料 建造方式 运维管养
古代运河
(18世纪以前)
灵渠
京杭大运河
巴比伦运河
漕运,饮水,灌溉 木材,石材,夯土 人力工具 人工疏浚
近代运河
(18—20世纪)
伊利运河
苏伊士运河
巴拿马运河
航运,灌溉,军事 铸铁,砖块,钢筋混凝土 蒸汽动力设备,燃油动力设备 人工巡检,定期维护
现代运河
(21世纪)
平陆运河 集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能于一体 低水化热混凝土,高性能混凝土,合金材料,高分子材料,生态低碳材料 燃油动力装备,电气动力装备,大型自动化机械,信息化平台 智能巡检,智慧管养
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现代运河工程绿色建造与运维基础科学问题*
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肖绪文 1, 2 , 胡亚安 3 , 刘加平 4 , 肖建庄 1, 5, , 方红卫 6 , 霍守亮 7 , 陈立华 5 , 关铁生 3 , 王新 3 , 王雨春 8 , 金鸣 4 , 王睿 6 , 闫强 9 , 朱彤 2
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025,4(3): 9-22
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025, 4(3): 9-22
现代运河工程绿色建造与运维基础科学问题*
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肖绪文1, 2 , 胡亚安3 , 刘加平4 , 肖建庄1, 5, , 方红卫6, 霍守亮7, 陈立华5, 关铁生3, 王新3, 王雨春8, 金鸣4, 王睿6, 闫强9, 朱彤2
作者信息
  • 1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
  • 2.中国建筑集团有限公司中国建筑技术中心,北京 100084
  • 3.南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,南京 210029
  • 4.东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京 211189
  • 5.广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004
  • 6.清华大学土木水利学院,北京 100084
  • 7.中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012
  • 8.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
  • 9.广西现代运河实验室,南宁 530022
  • Long biography: 肖绪文,教授,中国工程院院士,绿色建造技术专家。中国建筑股份有限公司首席专家。住房和城乡建设部绿色建造专家委员会主任,中国建筑业协会绿色建造与智能建筑分会会长,中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会名誉理事长。主要从事建筑工程设计与施工工作。获国家科技进步奖二等奖4项,省部级科技一等奖8项。出版著作10余部。主持或参与编制国家/行业标准10余项。电子信箱:

    胡亚安(共同第一作者),正高级工程师,中国工程院院士,港口、水道、海岸及近海工程专家。南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室主任,国际航运协会(PIANC)升船机工作组主席,广西现代运河实验室主任。主要从事内河水运通航建筑物前沿技术攻关、核心装备研发和重大工程实践研究。入选新世纪“百千万人才工程”国家级人选、水利部首批5151人才工程部级人选、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。先后主持和完成国家科技攻关、“863”计划、国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、省部级重点专项及国家重大工程科研项目100余项。获国家科技进步奖二等奖3项,国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,省部级特等奖7项、一等奖13项。授权发明专利46项,主编行业标准10项。电子信箱:

    刘加平(共同第一作者),东南大学首席教授,中国工程院院士,现代土木工程材料专家。重大基础设施工程材料全国重点实验室主任,中国工程建设标准化协会副理事长,中国混凝土与水泥制品协会副会长,美国混凝土学会(ACI)中国分会副会长,全国混凝土标准化技术委员会副主任委员等。突破了收缩裂缝控制的国际难题,引领了超高性能混凝土的工程化应用,为土木工程建设做出了重要贡献。获国家技术发明奖二等奖1项,国家科技进步奖二等奖4项。获首届国家卓越工程师团队奖、全国创新争先奖、全国五一劳动奖章等荣誉。发表论文200余篇。主/参编标准或规程22项。授权中国发明专利90余件、国际专利14件。电子信箱:

    肖建庄,教授,博士研究生导师。广西大学副校长,同济大学特聘教授和长聘教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,德国洪堡学者,教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划入选者。中国土木工程学会绿色建造与运维分会副理事长兼秘书长,中国城市科学研究会可持续土木工程研究专业委员会副主任委员兼秘书长,平陆运河优质工程专家组成员。主要从事再生混凝土材料、结构与3D打印以及混凝土结构减碳设计等基础理论研究、关键技术研发和产业化应用创新。获德国洪堡研究奖、中国产学研合作创新人物奖。获国家科技进步奖二等奖1项、省部级(含社会力量奖)一等奖5项。发表论文400余篇,连续11年入选Elsevier中国高被引学者榜单,连续6年入选World’s Top 2% Scientists榜单。出版专著7部。授权发明专利66件,登记国家软件著作47件。主/参编技术标准40余项。电子信箱:

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Fundamental Scientific Issues of Green Construction and Operation for Modern Canal Engineering
Xuwen XIAO1, 2 , Yaan HU3 , Jiaping LIU4 , Jianzhuang XIAO1, 5, , Hongwei FANG6, Shouliang HUO7, Lihua CHEN5, Tiesheng GUAN3, Xin WANG3, Yuchun WANG8, Ming JIN4, Rui WANG6, Qiang YAN9, Tong ZHU2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 2. China State Construction Technical Center, China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Navigation Structures, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
  • 4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
  • 5. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 6. School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 7. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
  • 8. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
  • 9. Guangxi Laboratory of Modern Canal, Nanning 530022, China
出版时间: 2025-09-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001
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现代运河集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能需求于一体,其工程建造与运维面临水沙输移失衡、区域水安全、生态环境保护、结构长寿命安全与低碳等诸多挑战。中国现代运河工程建设需求日趋迫切,但相关基础研究较为薄弱,绿色建造与运维关键理论与技术有待突破,全寿命期安全与低碳协同调控理论体系亟待探索。基于第362期双清论坛的研讨基础,文章梳理了人工运河的发展历程,提出了现代运河工程的基本内涵,分析了现代运河工程的研究现状,总结了中国现代运河工程绿色建造与运维所面临的关键难题,凝炼了现代运河工程绿色建造与运维未来5~10年亟须关注和解决的重大科学问题,探讨了相关领域的前沿研究方向,对科技赋能中国现代运河工程建设具有重要的指导意义。

现代运河工程  /  水沙输移  /  生态低碳  /  绿色建造  /  智慧运维  /  全寿命安全

Modern canals integrate multi-functional needs such as shipping, flood control, water supply, irrigation, ecology, and tourism. There are many challenges in construction and operation, such as out-of-balance water and sediment transport, regional water security, ecological environment protection, long-life safety of structures, and low carbon. The need for China’s modern canal construction is increasingly urgent. However, the relevant fundamental research is relatively weak. The key theories and technologies of green construction and operation have yet to be broken through, and there is an urgent need to build systematic theories for synergistic regulation of safety and low carbon during the whole life of the canal project. Based on the discussion on the 362nd Shuangqing Forum of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), this paper reviews the development history of artificial canals and the research status of modern canal engineering, puts forward the core connotation of modern canal engineering, summarizes the key technical problems faced by the green construction and operation for modern canal engineering in China, condenses the major scientific issues that need to be paid attention to and solved in the next 5-10 years for green construction and operation of modern canal engineering, and discusses the frontier research direction and the strategy of science funding in the related fields, which have important guiding significance for enabling the construction of large-scale cross-water canal projects in China.

modern canal engineering  /  water and sediment transport  /  ecological and low-carbon  /  green construction  /  intelligent operation  /  whole life safety
肖绪文, 胡亚安, 刘加平, 肖建庄, 方红卫, 霍守亮, 陈立华, 关铁生, 王新, 王雨春, 金鸣, 王睿, 闫强, 朱彤. 现代运河工程绿色建造与运维基础科学问题*. 前瞻科技, 2025 , 4 (3) : 9 -22 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001
Xuwen XIAO, Yaan HU, Jiaping LIU, Jianzhuang XIAO, Hongwei FANG, Shouliang HUO, Lihua CHEN, Tiesheng GUAN, Xin WANG, Yuchun WANG, Ming JIN, Rui WANG, Qiang YAN, Tong ZHU. Fundamental Scientific Issues of Green Construction and Operation for Modern Canal Engineering[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025 , 4 (3) : 9 -22 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001
内河水运具有运量大、能耗小、运价低、碳排放低等独特优势,是国家综合运输体系和水资源综合利用的重要组成部分。大力发展内河水运是国家战略重大需求。近年来中国水运事业发展迅速,建成了由长江和西江黄金水道及京杭大运河构成的“两横一纵”高等级航道主动脉,内河航道里程居世界之最,但仍存在高等级航道占比少、航道畅通性不足、互联互通程度低等突出问题,内河水运的先天优势尚未得到充分发挥。运河作为水运的重大基础设施,在沟通水系畅通成网、缩短航程降低成本、改善环境配置资源等方面发挥着重要作用,内河水运高质量发展迫切需要加快运河工程建设。在新时期提出的“四纵四横两网”国家高等级航道网建设目标中[1-3],作为“四纵”的京杭运河、江淮运河、浙赣粤运河和汉湘桂运河(图1),将构筑南北向跨流域水运大通道,承载着水运干支成网、通江达海的重要使命。高质量建设运河工程对国家战略腹地建设、区域经济均衡发展、国内国际双循环具有重要意义[4]
中国跨水系现代化运河工程建设难度巨大,涉及运河建设规划发展基础理论、跨分水岭节水通航技术、低碳绿色建造技术、智慧运维管理等多领域系统性问题,诸多关键技术仍处于探索阶段,尚缺乏对重大科学技术问题的凝练和研究。在当前“碳达峰与碳中和”(简称“双碳”)目标驱动下,如何高水平建设跨水系高等级绿色运河是学术界和工程界共同关心的重要命题。以平陆运河建设为契机,开展现代运河工程绿色建造与运维领域前瞻性研究,有利于推动运河工程领域的基础科学研究,补齐现代化立体交通基础设施建设技术短板[5-8]。为此,国家自然科学基金委员会举办了第362期双清论坛,邀请了水利水运、工程材料、绿色建造等多领域专家,针对现代运河工程绿色建造与运维这一核心议题展开研讨。文章基于论坛研讨成果,对现代运河工程的研究现状和挑战进行总结,提出现代运河工程绿色建造与运维领域亟须关注和解决的前沿研究方向和关键科学问题,以期为中国运河工程建设领域的科技战略规划、基础科学研究和关键技术创新提供支撑。
与公路、铁路相比,内河水运具有运输成本最低、能耗比优异、碳排放强度低等优势(表1),使其成为大宗货物中短途运输的重要选择。此外,内河水运是综合运输体系的一个重要组成部分,是内陆腹地和沿海地区的纽带,也是边疆地区与邻国边境河流的连接线,在国家综合立体交通网中占据重要地位。截至2023年底,中国内河航道通航里程达到12.82万km,内河港口生产用码头泊位16 433个,万t级及以上泊位469个,全年完成货运量47.91亿t,货物周转量20 773亿t·km,充分表明中国内河水运在规模和效率上均处于世界领先水平。然而,与水运发达国家相比,中国内河水运潜力和运输优势尚未充分发挥,中国kt级以上航道占比仅为12%,远低于美国的61%和德国的68%(图2),且存在以下问题。
(1)航道等级与运输需求不匹配。随着货运量的不断增大,干线通道如长江干线、西江干线、京杭运河等存在局部船闸拥堵、干支航道衔接不畅等问题,对航道等级提升的要求十分迫切。但受各种制约因素的影响,等级提升难度极大。
(2)互联互通程度低。长江和珠江是中国的两大“黄金水道”,货物运输需借助公路、铁路转运以延伸服务腹地。然而,公路、铁路、水路互联互通程度低,物流数据存在“孤岛”现象,信息交互不足,导致运输成本和时间上的浪费。
(3)成本和效率问题。尽管水运成本较低,但由于运输速度慢、可及性有限、航道质量差、水系不联通、受自然条件(台风、洪水、干旱、水流等)影响大等原因,许多企业仍选择成本较高的陆路运输,导致水运的潜在优势未能充分发挥。
在加快建设交通强国的背景下,补齐内河水运短板、聚焦基础设施“硬联通”成为新时代推动内河水运高质量发展的重要方向。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出,高等级航道将由目前的1.6万km增至2.5万km,每年新增航道里程800 km以上。规划建设的“四纵四横两网”高等级航道网中,京杭大运河、江淮运河、浙赣粤运河、汉湘桂运河4条纵向水运主通道均为大型跨水系运河,中国运河工程建设将迎来前所未有的发展机遇。
运河工程通过连接不同水系或地理区域,打破原有水系的孤立性,促进内河水网的形成,为内河水运高质量发展提供重要支撑。运河工程作为内河水运的物理载体、水系联通的关键纽带,其建造方式的提档升级直接影响内河水运的转型升级。
目前,世界运河的总里程超过8 000 km,运河的建设选线、设计方案、功能需求、建造工艺及材料使用随着时代的变迁不断发展[9]。古代运河的开挖主要依靠天然河道进行简单改造和利用,引导水源至定居点,以满足饮用和灌溉需要。世界上最早的运河可追溯到公元前4000年,西亚美索不达米亚地区为了引入淡水而开挖。中国最著名的运河为京杭大运河,始建于公元前486年,目前仍发挥着通航、灌溉等作用[10]
第一次工业革命之后,社会生产力的提升和人类社会的多层次需求促进了近代运河的功能扩展和建造方式升级(表2)。例如,苏伊士运河连接地中海与红海(欧亚航线),前期建造以人工开挖为主,后期建造引入蒸汽挖掘船、蒸汽起重机等设备[11];巴拿马运河沟通大西洋与太平洋(美洲航线),采用大规模炸药爆破、蒸汽铲车和铁路运输系统等建造方法,减轻了工人的体力劳动负担,提升了运河的建设效率[12]
总体而言,传统运河建造耗费大量劳动力,建造方式与建造材料较为落后,很少考虑对周边生态环境的负面影响,且由于后期运营成本高、修缮管理水平不足等原因,部分运河面临因功能缺失而遭废弃的风险,难以满足经济社会的可持续发展需要[13-15]。进入21世纪后,以平陆运河为代表的现代运河,其建设的功能性目标更为多元化,建设质量与可持续发展要求更高,建造和运维过程面对的问题更为复杂,科技创新在运河工程建设中发挥的基础性保障作用也更为凸显。
随着现代社会的高速发展与科学技术的突飞猛进,运河工程建设亟待汇集多个学科领域的科技成果,统筹规划、设计、建造、维护的安全与低碳协同,确保其建设过程绿色低碳和长期可靠性,以实现打造安全耐久、绿色低碳和优质高效的新一代运河工程。
1)现代运河概念
现代运河是指以现代经济社会发展为驱动,以现代科学技术为支撑,以现代工程材料为基础,以现代工艺与装备作为实施手段,并辅以数字化与智能化技术进行系统建造和运营管理的通航水道。
2)现代运河工程基本内涵
现代运河工程是集航运、防洪、供水、灌溉、生态、旅游等多功能于一体的综合性水运工程;工程建设以保障质量与安全为前提,兼顾资源环境与自然生态,力争实现近零碳运河、无固废运河、数智运河、绿色运河、生态运河、科技运河等新一代运河建设理念;也是构建国家水网、建设交通强国、发展新质生产力的基础性工程,旨在服务现代化交通发展战略和满足现代经济社会发展需要。
3)现代运河工程建设存在的难题
(1)水资源调配矛盾。中国水资源时空分布极不均衡,跨流域运河建设将加剧北方缺水地区与南方丰水区的水资源争夺,现有流域管理机制难以满足跨区域协作需求。
(2)生物多样性破坏风险。运河连通不同流域引发物种入侵、区域生境萎缩、原有生态廊道割裂,跨水系生态连通技术尚处探索阶段,需长期监测评估;陆海连接运河则面临盐水上溯情况,造成生产、生活用水安全等生态环境问题。
(3)分水岭高落差问题。跨流域运河需穿越分水岭,面临数十米甚至200 m级的水位落差。超高水头船闸设计(单级水头60 m)、大提升重量升船机(提升高度200 m级)对输水系统稳定性、结构耐久性要求极高。
(4)疏浚土处置与土地占用。运河工程线路长,土石方开挖量大,大规模陆地开挖面临耕地占用、疏浚土污染防控、土石方资源化利用及堆存场边坡稳定安全等难题。
(5)枢纽施工难度大。航运枢纽施工面临枢纽主体结构体量大,面临船闸施工空间小、输水廊道结构形式多样且复杂及大体积混凝土防裂要求高等难题。
(6)安全、高效、绿色、智慧与人文统筹协调难。运河工程建设存在水资源高效利用、水生态环境保护、洪旱灾害防御、大型省水船闸安全高效运行、绿色低碳建造与数智赋能等方面的重大科技需求,全方位统筹协调难。
4)现代运河工程建设总体要求
现代运河工程建设应基于运河多元功能需求,按照绿色发展要求,着眼于运河工程立项、设计、施工、运维的全寿命期,综合探究复杂地质、水文、环境、生态、气候等多重因素的制约,通过基础理论创新和关键技术突破,采用有利于节约资源、保护环境、减少排放、提高效率、保障品质的建造和运维方式,切实解决工程建设中遇到的难题,以满足工程高标准、高质量和不同航运规模的要求,实现工程绿色建造与运维。
现代运河工程因河道长、涵盖地域范围广,涉及闸控段、湖区段、天然河段、交汇段、海河联通段等复杂地形和水域,工程建设面临严峻的科学技术难题。学者们围绕现代运河工程相关的水沙输移与河道演变规律、跨流域水资源分配、通航建筑物耐久性、生态环境保护与恢复、资源集约化与建造智能化等基础问题开展研究,取得以下主要研究进展。
面对流域水环境污染、水旱灾害、水资源调配等水安全问题,夏军等[16]率先提出了长江流域模拟器的构想、理论与方法,并在水资源高效利用与调度、流域水循环过程模拟、长江极端干旱预警预测、长江岸线面源污染拦截治理等方面取得众多成果,为流域管理与决策服务提供了科技支撑。针对水沙输移与水动力调控关键问题,唐洪武等[17]开展了植物水流、沙波床面水沙运动、潜流交换、河网交汇流、墩柱防冲和闸下防淤等平原河流水沙动力学基础问题研究,已初步形成一套较完整的平原河流水沙运动理论。方红卫等[18]以水沙运动力学和河流演变学为基础,拓展了水沙输移与水生植物、床面有机质与生物膜、床面变形与底栖动物、营养盐与浮游动植物等多个关键过程,构建了水沙-水质-水生态多相和复杂尺度的本构关系和基本方程。
通航建筑物是枢纽实现防洪、发电、航运效益的三大主体工程之一,近20年来,全国共建成大型现代化通航建筑物200余座,三峡双线连续五级船闸、大藤峡船闸、三峡升船机、景洪升船机和构皮滩升船机等均代表了不同型式通航建筑物的世界最高水平,中国已成为世界具有重要影响力的水运大国[19-20]。然而,在水资源短缺条件下通航,对注重节水和低能耗的通航建筑物提出了迫切需求,用水量较小的省水船闸和低能耗大型升船机是未来解决运河船舶快速过坝的主要途径。省水船闸作为航运枢纽的核心组成,其材料与结构设计直接影响船闸的效率和安全性。针对复杂环境下混凝土韧性提升与收缩裂缝控制,刘加平等[21]将材料与结构和环境相结合,从分子、微观和细观3个层次调控浆体、基体和界面区的结构,从纤维-基体界面作用力、裂缝形成和非稳态扩展抑制等方面研究纤维种类和特性对混凝土增韧防裂的作用规律,从本源上提高混凝土宏观性能,解决了高强混凝土黏度大、韧性差,大体积混凝土易开裂等难题。
运河的开挖必然产生巨量土石方,土石方安全堆存与资源化利用、堆存场边坡生态修复等已成为运河建设需重点考虑的问题。詹良通等[22]以在建平陆运河为例,提出了土石方堆存场工程系统化建设思路,总结了土石方堆存场安全保障与再利用4项关键技术,包括:基于天、空、地多源信息的选址与场址适宜性评价技术,基于土石方分类利用的拦挡结构建造技术,堆存体填料时空变异性航测与原位测试技术,以及高填方堆存场旱地垦造技术。此外,推荐了2种适用于平陆运河的新技术,包括土石方快速检测与分类技术和堆存场生态护坡技术。Zhang等[23]提出了将湖泊疏浚沉积物回收利用为轻质骨料,以生产生态友好型多孔植被混凝土砌块的指导框架,该方案已应用于洞庭湖沿岸的实际堤防工程,大大降低了护坡原材料的采购成本,降低了疏浚沉积物的运输和处理成本,实现了基础设施的可持续发展和清洁施工。连进禄等[24]基于微生物矿化的生态修复方法,揭示了边坡土壤理化特性与微生物群落的协同演变规律,阐明了关键微生物类群与环境因子的相互作用机制,实现了边坡生态系统的良性演替,为边坡生态修复工程提供了理论依据和实践经验。
近年来,水利工程智能建造与智慧运维领域相关研究及探索蓬勃发展,学者们在建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)、数据融合、深度学习、三维重建等诸多子领域开展了大量探索[25-28],研究经历了“建设项目信息化管理与集成”“结构运维”“信息化与智能化”等阶段,目前正在探索物联网、区块链等多数据源融合与决策。张宗亮等[29]提出HydroBIM技术,通过平台级数据联动整合,贯穿了设计、施工、运维的水电工程生命周期,使工程数据环环相扣形成有机整体,打造水利水电行业的设计建造工业化、BIM产业化的系列解决方案。钟登华等[30]提出大坝智能建设基本概念,将大坝工程建设与新一代人工智能技术进行交叉融合,构建大坝建设通用人工智能,并对大坝设计、建造与运维等任务进行持续决策与优化。周创兵等[31]基于库坝系统安全管控问题,通过融合多源异构监测信息,系统地揭示了高边坡变形的全过程特性及多变量之间的相互影响,实现了对高边坡变形过程的动态、精确、多目标的反演分析。
与传统运河工程建设相比,现代运河工程功能需求多样,协调难度大,技术革新难,质量与安全保障要求高,同时面临更加复杂的环境、资源和生态约束。现代运河工程建设主要面临以下3方面挑战。
(1)水沙输移与区域水安全调控难。现代运河工程跨越不同地形,由于水流速度、泥沙运动、水位差等不确定因素,易引起河道淤积、冲刷或水流不稳定的问题。同时,运河可能切割自然水系,阻断鱼类洄游路径,或导致外来物种入侵,致使水生态环境遭受破坏。此外,水资源是关系国家环境与发展的战略性经济资源,也是保障运河航运安全的关键要素,而运河的建设将导致周边水系重构,面临区域水资源空间失衡、水资源供给能力下降等问题[32]。如何实现水沙输移精准预测、航运用水保障、水生态环境保护及水资源高效利用的多目标调控是现代运河工程建设的重大挑战之一。
(2)工程建造周期短,全寿命期安全与低碳难兼顾。以全长134.2 km的平陆运河为例,其建设周期约为52个月,土石方开挖约为3.21亿m3,混凝土浇筑量约为1 199.01万m3,最大人员投入量2.4万人,最大设备投入量7 200台(套),存在建造周期短、工程量大、混凝土质量控制难和生态环境保护要求高等难题[5]。运河航道与通航建筑物面临建设环境复杂、上下游水位变幅大、布置空间受限、水资源时空分布不均、盐咸侵蚀和水流冲刷等问题,对航道岸坡长期稳定性、省水船闸机电系统安全可靠性、航运枢纽材料-结构耐久性等提出较高要求。同时,运河建造过程中会产生大量固体废弃物,包括:航道开挖产生的工程渣土,沿线建筑、桥梁、道路、原有水工建筑物等拆除产生的固废,运河施工产生固废,以及沿线地区相关的其他工业固废,对生态环境存在威胁,但资源化利用潜力巨大[6]。如何在较短的建造周期内,实现现代运河工程安全、低碳和高效协同建造是一个重要挑战。
(3)智能建造与智慧运维管理水平低。现代运河工程的建造与运维面临施工条件复杂、工程量大、安全管理要求高、信息体量大和数据传递难等问题,在运河工程智能勘察与大规模工程场地重构、土石方开挖智慧化规划、混凝土工程智能化施工方法及技术装备无人化系统、智能监测装备与灾变精准预测预警系统等方面研究仍存在不足,而数字化智能化技术将是提升运河工程建设整体水平的重要保障[33]。如何构建现代运河工程信息-模型联合驱动的数字孪生系统,实现全寿命期数据共享与信息管控,是现代运河工程高效数字化管理的一个关键挑战。
当前中国正迈向一批重大现代运河工程建设时期,亟须构建现代运河工程绿色建造与运维理论体系和标准体系,支撑现代运河优质工程和绿色工程高质量建设。基于现代运河工程建设面临的挑战,需围绕以下前沿研究方向开展研究:① 水系重构下的水沙输移机制、航运用水保障及其生态环境效应;② 航道、通航建筑物及护岸结构全寿命期韧性提升;③ 低碳长寿命水泥基材料规模化应用与渣土固废资源化;④ 面向智慧运维的时空大数据感知与数字孪生方法。未来主要发展趋势在于融合多学科知识,提升运河工程全寿命期安全保障与综合性能,涉及以下方面:水资源高效利用与多目标控制、区域水生态环境保护、高性能材料与结构一体化设计、航道及通航建筑物结构损伤智能诊断、可持续性与绿色低碳设计、高精度智慧化感知与评价等。
基于第362期双清论坛的深入讨论,针对以水沙输移、水资源配置、航道、通航建筑物、生态护坡等现代运河工程建设具有代表性的难题以及未来发展战略,建议未来5~10年应重点研究如下4个方向的16个关键科学问题。
1)跨流域运河区域水资源适配机制及多目标协同调控
围绕航运、供水、灌溉等水资源高效利用与洪旱灾害防御的综合需求,研究水系重构下流域水文要素演化特征,探索水系重构前后支汇流变化机制,揭示运河建成后新水系的灾害萌生与演化机理。针对水系重构后来水不确定性,建立跨流域运河区域水资源利用竞争与适配调控机制,阐明变化环境下运河水资源多功能互馈关系及多目标协同调度机理,形成极端条件下运河洪旱灾害风险辨识与防控新方法,为运河规模与梯级布置提供系统科学基础。
2 )运河水系连通的水沙输移变异规律与水动力调控
针对运河水系地质地貌条件复杂、来水来沙条件时空差异显著等特性,厘清水系连通下的运河水沙运动与河床冲淤演变规律,明晰水沙协同调控机制。以水沙运动力学和河流演变学为基础,开展运河水-沙-床多尺度耦合机理及模拟分析研究,揭示跨流域运河水沙变异规律与河床演变响应特征,阐明跨流域运河干支流/河海交汇区复杂水动力特性及泥沙输移规律,提出兼顾不同流域及关键区域的水沙协同调控新模式,实现航运用水保障与运河河道稳定。
3)跨流域运河水网水生态系统演变及完整性机制
针对跨流域运河面临跨流域物种互侵、区域生境萎缩、生态承载力降低等生态环境问题,将运河水网的水文泥沙过程、水化学过程、生源要素循环过程和生物群落演替过程有机结合,探索工程扰动、闸坝阻隔和径流调节对河流水沙动力学特性和栖息地条件的影响,以及径流-水沙动力-生境-生态耦合规律,阐明中长期运行过程中运河水系理化过程、生态系统演变及其互馈特征,建立跨流域运河水网生态系统影响评估方法,厘清区域水生生物多样性和生态系统完整性维持机制,提出区域生态环境优化调控和保护修复方法。
4)陆海连通运河河口生态环境效应与风险防控
针对陆海连通运河河口面临生物与盐水入侵带来的水质、生态和环境风险,重点研究运河咸淡水交汇段盐度及淡水生物种群分布、入海河口段河岸土壤盐度富集和微生物群落变化、滨海带生物种群变化,明晰运河入海河口段饮用水安全、土壤盐碱化及外来生物入侵等水生态安全风险,解析高密度船舶运动-盐水入侵多物理过程耦合机制,提炼入海河口段高效防咸及生态安全保障技术。
1)省水船闸快速输水能量时空演变及阀门空化振动机制
围绕省水船闸安全高效输水关键技术开展研究,厘清“省水池-闸室”正反向交替输水的能量时空演变及消能机理,构建受限空间和大水位变幅下大型省水船闸水力设计与输水系统创新布置方法;研发多阀门联动运行高效输水技术,解析梯级航运枢纽区间强非恒定流与船行波等复杂水动力作用及调控机理,破解双向输水阀门与超宽人字门的安全保障与技术难题,明晰多级联动快速输水与大型船舶停泊安全协同保障机制。
2)超大型升船机多系统耦合作用与稳定机制
重点开展超大提升重量升船机“水-机-厢-船”耦合作用机制与稳定控制技术、大型水力式升船机多竖井水力同步机制及大口径工业阀门防蚀减振等方向的研究,揭示大长宽比船厢失稳机理,构建竖井群水位均衡控制方法,明晰工业阀门强紊流结构特征和空化振动演变机制,解析大尺度船厢出入水动力荷载变化规律,攻克大型水力式升船机多元耦合系统稳定控制技术难题。
3)航运枢纽材料-结构劣化及长寿命韧性提升机制
围绕复杂侵蚀环境作用下航运枢纽材料-结构多尺度劣化机理与韧性主动提升机制关键科学问题,揭示服役环境多种侵蚀因素协同作用模式,以及环境与航运枢纽材料-结构间的交互作用机理,阐明航运枢纽材料-结构宏-微观性能跨尺度映射关系,建立航运枢纽材料-结构抗侵蚀性能与组成-微结构之间的构效关系,形成长寿命韧性的主动提升机制与精准调控方法。
4)运河航道复杂水动力耦合机理与通航安全保障机制
针对区间航道强非恒定流与大尺度船行波叠加形成的波-流耦合运动、支流入汇口的航道流态紊乱特征、区间航道强非恒定流预测预警技术开展研究,揭示两船闸间强非恒定流的传播衰减特性及强非恒定流与运河大尺度船行波的耦合机理,阐明支流入汇扰动下复杂流态的形成机理,解析波-流耦合运动对大型船舶的作用机制、支流入汇口航道通航水流条件的保障机制,研发多线梯级船闸联合调控影响下区间航道波流影响预测预警技术,为运河通航安全提供保障。
1)航运枢纽大体积混凝土开裂驱动力-抗力调控原理
航运枢纽结构复杂、混凝土收缩和水化温升大,且面临高温、高湿、盐侵等严苛环境,混凝土开裂问题突出,影响服役耐久性能。围绕航运枢纽大体积混凝土开裂驱动力与抗力的共生机制,以及抗防协同调控原理关键科学问题,揭示航运枢纽工程材料-结构-环境耦联机制;阐明严苛施工环境下混凝土驱动力和抗力协同调控机制;建立荷载与收缩耦合作用下混凝土裂缝产生与扩展评估方法,提出抗防一体化的航运枢纽钢筋混凝土裂缝控制新技术。
2)运河工程结构安全与绿色低碳协同机制
明晰复杂荷载与环境作用下运河航道、通航建筑物、护岸护坡等运河工程组成单体的长期性能退化与时变可靠性规律;揭示运河工程安全可靠性与全寿命期碳排放的协同演化规律,建立运河工程结构安全与绿色低碳协同设计理论方法;研发基于固废资源化的超低碳混凝土材料及其组合形成的超低碳混凝土结构形式,提升多灾害作用下的超低碳混凝土结构的抗灾性能;开辟材料-结构一体化的超低碳混凝土结构生命周期减碳优化路径。
3)工程渣土大规模堆存场稳定性影响机制与生态修复原理
针对堆存场边坡稳定安全控制、土地复垦及生态修复难题,研究堆存场坡顶毛细阻滞覆盖及旱地垦造方法,厘清覆盖层毛细阻滞作用机理,揭示覆盖层储水和防渗能力对堆体内水位和稳定性的影响机制,探究覆盖层上旱地作物生长效果;研发堆存场边坡坡面生物诱导矿化固土与植被护坡技术,揭示坡面矿化作用、灌木根系加筋与吸水作用对堆体稳定性的影响,提出堆存场边坡长期稳定安全监控、生态修复及土地利用方式。
4)运河边坡大气-植被-土体耦合作用机理与能量、水分和碳氮转化机制
针对运河开挖边坡坡面土体储水能力不足且易被雨水冲刷的问题,研发坡面生物诱导矿化-种植草本植物固土技术,探究不同矿化处理方法与条件下的土体储水与防冲刷特性、微生物丰度与多样性及植被生长效果;揭示土体矿化对固氮和固碳微生物,以及植被光合、呼吸与蒸腾作用的影响,获得不同气候条件下的植被-矿化土体能量、水分与碳氮转化机制,提出运河开挖边坡稳定与低碳生态长期维护方法。
1)运河工程多源异构数据融合分析及决策理论
研发运河工程水陆一体多源异构数据提取与转换技术,支持实现运河生命周期数据的一体化集成;建立基于分布式架构及瓦片化渲染算法的三维可视化渲染平台,实现水陆一体全要素底座信息承载与可视化展示;研究专业分析模型和可视化模型算法,形成智慧决策的三维模型构建与模拟基础;构建数字底座、分析模型、知识一体化的决策支撑体系,实现运河全过程多场景业务推演决策应用。
2)运河工程系统全寿命期信息共享及管控
基于分布式存储技术、生命周期数据治理与定制化分析挖掘技术,建立运河数字孪生数据共享云平台架构;基于深度学习的空间数据分析模型,形成多源监测数据快速检索与联机查询的索引技术,突破水运数字资产化大数据云平台共建共享技术;建立数字底座与业务流程管理的技术性耦联方法,打通多维度的业务关联关系,实现运河建造与运维业务的一体化管控。
3)运河工程智能化施工机器人与多装备人机协同机制
基于智能化施工机器人、BIM技术、人工智能技术的多机施工系统,构建智能设备集成调度体系,实现多机协同施工。开展大体积混凝土智能入仓拌合、智能布料、智能振捣、智能温控养护等设备装备及监测一体化研究;研发低环境影响、高效率的疏浚设备和协同自动化防污帘装置;提出基于精准定位的高边坡精益化开挖设施设备和监测技术;建立长线路多类型大数量施工设备的综合监管机制和一体化人机协同管理平台。
4)运河工程航道-枢纽-边坡安全运行智慧感知与风险识别
建立航道-枢纽-边坡协同体系多源智慧感知系统,融合生命周期建养一体化无损检测方法,实现运河工程基础设施运行的智慧监测;提出物理-数据-经验多驱动的协同体系风险识别与评估方法,实现安全运行、合理决策;构建一套融合物联网传感、卫星定位、无线通信、智能算法、先进检测技术、理论分析模型的航道-枢纽-边坡智慧感知与风险识别一体化平台。
围绕国家现代化高质量水运基础设施建设与基础研究发展需求,亟待加强现代运河工程绿色建造与运维基础性科学研究,挖掘水系重构、航运用水保障和生境演变下的水沙输移与区域水安全基础理论,探究高安全、长寿命、强韧性的航道与通航建筑物建造技术,强化水系空间、岸线空间、城市空间协同的建造与管理方法,探索低碳化、数字化、智慧化的运维模式,以解决现代运河工程建设中跨流域、大开挖、岸线再造、跨河建筑物改拆建、长距离多点协同建造与运维带来的安全风险与可持续发展等重大问题。
基于现代运河工程高质量发展要求,应进一步通过水沙动力学、水工结构学、材料学、生态学和人工智能等学科深度交叉与融合,创建现代运河工程全寿命期安全与低碳协同调控理论体系,形成水利工程学科在现代运河工程绿色建造与运维领域的理论研究新方向,提出适应于现代运河工程高质量发展的标准体系,引领现代运河工程安全、绿色、低碳、韧性、智能国际学术前沿与创新,为打造优质工程、绿色工程、生态工程,以及构建中国可持续水运交通提供理论依据及技术支撑,助推国家绿色化高质量跨越发展。
【致谢】感谢钮新强院士、夏军院士、陈云敏院士、唐洪武院士以及李大鹏、李铭禄、熊巨华、吴刚、李丹、卫望汝、韦德鉴、吴澎、薛强、詹良通、杨胜发、谢立全、赖成光、陈正、安永辉、马少坤、骆晓伟、王长海和韦庭丛等专家对本文提出的宝贵意见和修改建议。
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.03.001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 出版时间:2025-09-20
  • 发布时间:2025-10-17
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
  • 修回日期:2025-06-23
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    1.同济大学土木工程学院,上海 200092
    2.中国建筑集团有限公司中国建筑技术中心,北京 100084
    3.南京水利科学研究院通航建筑物建设技术交通行业重点实验室,南京 210029
    4.东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京 211189
    5.广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁 530004
    6.清华大学土木水利学院,北京 100084
    7.中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012
    8.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
    9.广西现代运河实验室,南宁 530022

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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