Article(id=1157393071303479466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, articleNumber=null, orderNo=1, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753873611507, onlineDateStr=2025-07-30, pubDate=1710864000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1711468800000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753873611507, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072504514, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1157393070754025641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='1', pageStart='100', pageEnd='147', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1710864000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753873611366, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776075110816, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512908678017028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512908682211333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157393070754025641, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=月球及火星等地外行星科考基地建设探索专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157393072045871279, articleId=1157393071303479466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=null, columnId=1149664175573611037, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Prospect, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, authors=null, authorsList=null, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1157393076886098116, articleId=1157393071303479466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=建设地外星球生存基地,逐梦星辰大海新征途, columnId=1148708269222327001, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=前瞻, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, authors=null, authorsList=null, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mUKtCGQh7dC3ocLcsukZHw==, magXml=OiCs0Z6ce5A7/WBW/5N+qQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mGEPd+yyjudkUTfPtmwM/w==, pdfFileSize=15443571, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=m+GX/6eoCDiYO72TDWoGvg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242113379180020546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393071303479466, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113379234546499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157393071303479466, authorId=1242113379180020546, language=CN, stringName=, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)], keywords=null, refs=null, funds=null, companyList=null, figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1129340393107079197, delFlag=0, nameCn=前瞻科技, nameEn=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0781, eissn=, cn=10-1786/N, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Fore, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1788948782472, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Q, firstLetterEn=Q, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, picEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509001228641229, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=科技导报社, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=包为民, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《前瞻科技》是由中国科学技术协会主管,科技导报社主办、出版的科技智库型自然科学综合类学术期刊,于2022年创刊。办刊宗旨:紧扣国家科技创新需求,联合全国学会和科技智库机构,汇聚战略科学家、主流智库学者,通过提供战略性、前瞻性、权威性的思想观点和政策建议,为科技管理者和科研管理者供给高质量决策参考。, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782498, updatedTime=1788948782498, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001270584270, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=China Association for Science and Technology, sponsoredBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, publishedBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=BAO Weimin, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=Science and Technology Foresight is a comprehensive academic journal in natural sciences with a focus on technology think tanks. It is dedicated to publishing reviews and commentaries on research findings related to major national strategic tasks, important areas at the forefront of technology, and key core technologies and aims to promote academic exchange, advance technological progress, and support the high-quality development of China’s economy and society. The regular sections include “Foresight”, “Review and Commentary”, “Focus”, “Forum”, “Culture”, and “Book Review”. Specifically, “Foresight” and “Review and Commentary” are fixed sections, while the others are variable., submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782508, updatedTime=1788948782508, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001228641229, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=科技导报社, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=包为民, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《前瞻科技》是由中国科学技术协会主管,科技导报社主办、出版的科技智库型自然科学综合类学术期刊,于2022年创刊。办刊宗旨:紧扣国家科技创新需求,联合全国学会和科技智库机构,汇聚战略科学家、主流智库学者,通过提供战略性、前瞻性、权威性的思想观点和政策建议,为科技管理者和科研管理者供给高质量决策参考。, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782498, updatedTime=1788948782498, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001270584270, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=China Association for Science and Technology, sponsoredBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, publishedBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=BAO Weimin, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=Science and Technology Foresight is a comprehensive academic journal in natural sciences with a focus on technology think tanks. It is dedicated to publishing reviews and commentaries on research findings related to major national strategic tasks, important areas at the forefront of technology, and key core technologies and aims to promote academic exchange, advance technological progress, and support the high-quality development of China’s economy and society. The regular sections include “Foresight”, “Review and Commentary”, “Focus”, “Forum”, “Culture”, and “Book Review”. Specifically, “Foresight” and “Review and Commentary” are fixed sections, while the others are variable., submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782508, updatedTime=1788948782508, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146032081894723586, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202353652128, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/CN, language=CHT, createTime=1751692112768, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048748052, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618977242275853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781704483, updateTime=1751781704483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977217110026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781704477, updateTime=1751781704477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977204527113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1751781704474, updateTime=1751781704474, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977233887244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781704481, updateTime=1751781704481, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977225498635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781704479, updateTime=1751781704479, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155894377965830154, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/EN, language=CHT, createTime=1753516295187, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048768686, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155894740970233959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516381733, updateTime=1753516381733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740953456740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516381729, updateTime=1753516381729, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740945068131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1753516381727, updateTime=1753516381727, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740966039654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516381732, updateTime=1753516381732, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740961845349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516381731, updateTime=1753516381731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246151820205146149, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1775035346323, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776149900371, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点最新, tplId=1246420490248675410, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420037846848371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099294387, updateTime=1775099294387, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037825876848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099294382, updateTime=1775099294382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037863625590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294391, updateTime=1775099294391, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037817488239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099294380, updateTime=1775099294380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037876208504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294394, updateTime=1775099294394, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037838459762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099294385, updateTime=1775099294385, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037872014199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294393, updateTime=1775099294393, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037834265457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099294384, updateTime=1775099294384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037851042676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099294388, updateTime=1775099294388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037859431285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099294390, updateTime=1775099294390, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246404284338716725, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1775095538466, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776333732508, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点最新, tplId=1246420682825945997, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420311713931340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099359682, updateTime=1775099359682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311692959817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099359677, updateTime=1775099359677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311734902863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359687, updateTime=1775099359687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311680376904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099359674, updateTime=1775099359674, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311747485777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359690, updateTime=1775099359690, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311705542731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099359680, updateTime=1775099359680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311739097168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359688, updateTime=1775099359688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311697154122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099359678, updateTime=1775099359678, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311718125645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099359683, updateTime=1775099359683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311726514254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099359685, updateTime=1775099359685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=前瞻科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology Foresight, journalPhotoCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPhotoEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, journalFirstLetter=Q, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/Y2024/V3/I1/5, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/Y2024/V3/I1/5, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/PDF/Y2024/V3/I1/5, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/PDF/Y2024/V3/I1/5, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1710864000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
前瞻科技
| 前瞻
2024, 3(1) : 5-8
建设地外星球生存基地,逐梦星辰大海新征途
全屏
作者信息
Affiliations
出版时间: 2024-03-20
文章导航
.
建设地外星球生存基地,逐梦星辰大海新征途.
前瞻科技,
2024
, 3
(1)
: 5
-8
.
.
Science and Technology Foresight ,
2024
, 3
(1)
: 5
-8
.
随着深空探测技术的持续发展,未来必然会将人类生存和发展的空间拓展至地外星球乃至更遥远的宇宙,而建设地外星球生存基地是人类探索太空、拓展生存空间的必要环节。当前,月球和火星是人类开展深空探测、太空移居、行星演变等研究的主要目标。月球作为距离地球最近的天体,其高真空、无磁场和弱引力场等环境特性有助于开展航天科学研究和天文观测,丰富的氦-3、矿产和太阳能资源将为人类发展提供战略保障,而且月球还是地球门户和深空探测的跳板,战略地位日益凸显。火星作为太阳系中与地球最为相似的类地星球,不仅能用于研究行星演化历程、探索宇宙生命起源,还能作为人类生存的移民场所。
20世纪中期人类登陆月球后,世界各国就陆续提出了月球基地的建设计划。近些年来,随着航天技术的进一步发展,围绕地外星球生存基地建立这一大国必争的战略制高点,世界各航天强国展开了激烈竞争,纷纷将月球基地建设提上议程。2020年,美国联合英国、日本、加拿大等航天强国签署了“阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)计划”,目的是实现2028年长期驻留月面。2021年,中国和俄罗斯两国正式启动国际月球科研站(International Lunar Research Station, ILRS)项目的合作,计划在2030-2035年建设国际月球科研站。此外,还有俄罗斯的“Luna-25”、欧盟的“Moonlight”、日本的“月亮女神”(SELENE/Kaguya)等相关计划。各方积极筹备,准备依托月球建立长期运行并永久存在的地外星球生存基地,争夺地月空间探索和开发的战略制高点,实现对地外星球原位资源、能源的开发,同时进行深空探测相关技术的探索与验证,确保深空探测领域话语权。
中国迈向宇宙星空的脚步从未停止。随着中国探月工程一期、二期、三期“绕、落、回”的圆满完成,探月工程四期稳步开展,计划2030年在月球南极原位探测的基础上建设月球科研站基本型;同时,中国载人月球探测任务也在持续推进,计划2030年前实现中国人首次登月,为月球科研试验站建造做准备;在月球科研站基本型的基础上,后续将加强国际合作,由基本型过渡到完善型,再逐渐升级成人类长期生存驻留的综合型月球基地。月球基地将是人类21世纪宏伟的工程之一,需要整合集聚创新理论、技术和装备,形成跨领域、大协作、高强度的创新体系。月球基地的成功建设,将成为人类进入外层空间的重大突破口,提高人类对地球、太阳系及宇宙的认识;有望加快空间探测、人工智能、智能建造、原位资源利用和人造生物圈等新技术的创新突破,促进空间资源的开发和空间产业的发展,推动经济高质量转变,并开启太空经济时代;将引领人类文明走向浩瀚宇宙,成为中华民族伟大复兴的显著标志和实现“中国梦”的重要里程碑。2021年2月22日,习近平总书记在北京人民大会堂会见探月工程“嫦娥五号”任务参研参试人员代表并参观月球样品和探月工程成果展览时强调,“要弘扬探月精神,发挥新型举国体制优势,勇攀科技高峰,服务国家发展大局,一步一个脚印开启星际探测新征程,不断推进中国航天事业创新发展,为人类和平利用太空作出新的更大贡献”。《2021中国的航天》白皮书以建设航天强国为主线,描述了国际月球科研站的建设途径,为未来开展地外星球生存基地建设提供了方向指引和实践指南。
21世纪以来,中国在地外星球生存基地建设关键技术上取得多项世界级成果,不断刷新中国深空探测发展新高度。地外星球环境探测迈入新起点,实现行星际着陆和巡视探测。探月工程三期任务圆满完成,“嫦娥三号”设计并验证了月面无线通信系统,在巡视器和着陆器之间实现月面通信;“玉兔二号”月球车完成月球背面软着陆和月面巡视勘察;“嫦娥五号”任务完成月球采样返回。首次火星探测任务圆满成功,“天问一号”探测器完成火星环绕探测,“祝融号”火星车完成火星着陆和巡视探测,实现中国首次地外行星着陆。地外环境智能建造技术不断进步,有力保障空间站建设。围绕月球基地设计,各科研机构提出了“三叶草”“中国星”“月壶尊”和熔洞穴基地等构想。围绕月球原位矿产资源开采冶炼和原位建造等技术开展了研究,开发了月壤烧结月球砖、月壤袋、地质聚合物、月壤混凝土等原位建筑材料,形成了一套数字化、网络化和智能化的人机联合工程建造模式。受控系统生命保障研究迈入世界前列,地外星球生存基地运行具备初步的研究基础。“月宫365”实验和“绿航星际”4人180天受控生态生命保障系统集成试验顺利开展,在受控密闭系统构建、人因工程、废物高效循环利用、生命健康保障等方面积累了坚实的技术基础。天宫空间站长期稳定安全运行,极大地促进了地外环境下智能机械控制、能源高效利用、物理化学再生生命保障等研究发展。
地外星球生存基地建设的周期、规模、能力,与地外星球环境、太空运输系统、基地装备、能源及原位资源等息息相关。由于地外星球表面恶劣环境及遥远空间距离的影响,基地建设将面临很多挑战。在地外星球环境探测过程中,尤其是深入熔岩管洞进行探测,其未知复杂的内部环境和结构会给探测任务带来严峻的挑战,如大坡度崎岖地形、天窗、塌陷特征、多层结构等。此外,熔岩管洞内部暗弱、复杂的环境也易造成无线通信信道多径衰落。在地外星球上进行基地建设时,首先面临的是地外星球高真空、强辐射、宽温变、星尘、陨石撞击等恶劣空间环境条件对施工机械、建筑材料及建造过程的不利影响,还要解决如何远程智能建造独立封闭的控压环境,另外需要在地外星球上建立高效率和成熟可靠的原位资源和能源综合利用体系。在地外星球生存基地生命保障方面,现如今生物再生生命保障系统(Bioregenerative Life Support System, BLSS)的复杂性和完整度越来越高,但BLSS的环境控制系统方案仍不成熟,存在效率低、耗能高、自动化程度低等问题。此外,适用于地外星球环境特点的中大型BLSS研究尚未展开,尤其是低重力环境下BLSS内部物质循环理论模型建立以及物质流调控。
除了上述技术难题以外,月球基地的建设和运营还涉及到诸多法律、政策、伦理等方面的问题。目前普遍适用的国际法律制度主要有《外空条约》《营救协定》《责任公约》《登记公约》《月球协定》5项规范。随着未来载人登月和月球基地建设的进一步开展,相关的法律问题必定会随之而来。目前缺乏强制执行机构和监督机制,使得相关法律规定在国际层面难以有效执行。此外,现有相关法律体系偏重原则性规定,缺乏具体可操作性,没有明确的规范和解决方案,难以应对新兴空间活动带来的挑战和问题,如月球资源开发、月球环境污染等。
面对这些挑战,2021年中国和俄罗斯联合发布了《国际月球科研站路线图(V1.0)》和《国际月球科研站合作伙伴指南(V1.0)》,2022年中国发布《2021中国的航天》白皮书。在国家战略指引下,未来地外星球生存基地建设需要与国际机构紧密合作,集聚全球科学资源和人才,共同开展大规模的科学探索实验,共享研究成果和技术经验,促进太空事业的共同发展。
地外星球环境探测领域,未来探测任务将继续推动探测器研发和探测技术创新。除了利用轨道器进行遥测,还将更多使用着陆器和探测机器人对地外星球岩土特性、地质结构、地下空间和资源分布等进行就位探测,从而获取详细勘察资料。针对地外星球高度复杂的探测环境,探测器不仅需要具备危险与障碍识别、自身姿态与位置确定、目标位置确定、路径规划等自主探测能力,在地外星球自然地形环境中行驶并安全到达预定工作点,还需要解决通信时效性问题,探测器的自主导航、智能化探测等技术将得到更广泛的应用。
地外环境智能建造领域,原位资源开发利用和人机联合建造是关键手段。要充分利用地外星球可获取的各类原位资源(水冰、矿产和风化层等),能源(太阳能和核能)和熔岩管洞等,建立适应地外星球恶劣环境的原位资源综合利用体系,以及可靠的大规模能源供给和储存系统,主要包括星壤建材化、星壤金属冶炼、水冰分离提纯、太阳能高效获取及温差发电等。结合适应地外星球复杂、恶劣环境条件的精细轻量化、可重构的建造装备,包括智能机器人、机械臂和无人机等机械化设备,通过无人自控、远程遥控或人机协同等方式,基于数据驱动的建造过程闭环控制机制,进行基地相关基础设施设备的智能建造,完成包括基地场地平整、基地构件制造和基地建筑搭建等。
地外星球生存基地生命保障领域,其核心是物资充分供给和BLSS持续运行。地外星球生存基地要逐步实现自给自足,结合传感器监测、大数据分析和人工智能等技术对植物生长环境的精确监测和调控,通过多层架构的垂直种植系统进行高密度种植,同时分阶段控制光照强度和波长来促进植物生长和提高产量,最终实现全过程自动化生产、智能化调控,保证氧气、水和食物充足供给和减少人力资源浪费。要建立BLSS物质循环模型,对系统中的大气、水、生物量等物质流进行精准调控,实现废物再生循环和能源高效利用。另外,要建立地外星球生存基地驻守人员模拟仿真系统,完善人员身心健康测评技术、方法、流程和规范,保障地外星球生存基地的宜居性和驻留人员的生命健康。
同时,积极布局智能导航与通信、人因工程、太空农业等前沿技术,加快其在深空探测领域的应用,努力实现地外星球生存基地的顺利建成,开启人类文明走出地球、迈向星空的新征程。
《前瞻科技》2024年第1期以“月球及火星等地外行星科考基地建设探索”为主题出版专刊,围绕该主题的重要领域,聚焦前沿技术方向,阐述地外星球环境探测、地外环境智能建造、地外星球生存基地生命保障等领域内的国内外现状和关键技术,提出未来发展方向建议,期待得到各方面更多的关注、研究和支持,共同推动地外星球生存基地的建设。
2024年第3卷第1期
PDF下载
1653
944
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
出版时间:2024-03-20
发布时间:2024-03-27
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/1157393071303479466
复制链接
引用本文
BibTeX
表1 2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family 属数 Number of genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 属 Genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT