Article(id=1157002947855999776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157002942403404561, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728921600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-15, revisedDate=1730217600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753780598844, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1734624000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1734969600000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753780598844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072622527, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1157002942403404561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='4', pageStart='4', pageEnd='152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753780597544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072620698, updator=sys-migrate, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157003380037079397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157002942403404561, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157003380037079398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1157002942403404561, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=氢能技术与发展战略专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157002949089125159, articleId=1157002947855999776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Status and Prospects of Talent Cultivation in Hydrogen Energy Disciplines in China, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Talents in hydrogen energy disciplines serve as the key power in breaking through the technical bottleneck, building the industrial chain, realizing the rise of hydrogen energy in the global energy pattern, and promoting green and sustainable development. With hydrogen energy being officially incorporated into the Energy Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft), universities and colleges, are launching a series of emerging hydrogen energy-related majors. These initiatives open new development paths for young people and inject strong momentum into the development of the national hydrogen energy industry. This paper reviewed the current development status of hydrogen energy disciplines in China, deeply analyzed the talent demand and cultivation in the hydrogen energy sector, clarified challenges faced by talent cultivation in hydrogen energy disciplines, and proposed corresponding suggestions.

, correspAuthors=Hualing GAO, Zhonghua XIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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氢能人才是突破技术瓶颈、构建产业链条、实现氢能在全球能源格局中崛起并推动绿色可持续发展的关键力量。随着氢能被正式纳入《中华人民共和国能源法(草案)》,高校设立了一系列新兴氢能相关专业,为青年人才开辟新的发展路径,为国家氢能产业的发展注入强劲动力。文章在阐述当前中国氢能学科的发展现状的基础上,深入分析了氢能领域的人才需求与培养状况,指出了氢能学科人才培养存在的问题,并提出建议。

, correspAuthors=高华玲, 向中华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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鲍春竹,博士。主要从事能源材料的功能化设计及电催化应用研究。电子信箱:

向中华,教授,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年科学基金获得者,北京市杰出青年科学基金获得者。中国可再生能源学会青年工作委员会副主任,中国可再生能源学会氢能专业委员会委员,中国化工学会国际学术交流工作委员会委员等。主要从事氢能应用的共价有机聚合物(COP)能源材料的分子设计与工程制备研究。主持多项国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目。获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、中国可再生能源学会优秀青年科技人才奖、中国化工学会第九届侯德榜化工科学技术奖。发表论文110余篇,授权发明专利19件。电子信箱:

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鲍春竹,博士。主要从事能源材料的功能化设计及电催化应用研究。电子信箱:

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鲍春竹,博士。主要从事能源材料的功能化设计及电催化应用研究。电子信箱:

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向中华,教授,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年科学基金获得者,北京市杰出青年科学基金获得者。中国可再生能源学会青年工作委员会副主任,中国可再生能源学会氢能专业委员会委员,中国化工学会国际学术交流工作委员会委员等。主要从事氢能应用的共价有机聚合物(COP)能源材料的分子设计与工程制备研究。主持多项国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目。获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、中国可再生能源学会优秀青年科技人才奖、中国化工学会第九届侯德榜化工科学技术奖。发表论文110余篇,授权发明专利19件。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=dNuNZpUXwW3cZjTq77/QZQ==, bioContent=

向中华,教授,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年科学基金获得者,北京市杰出青年科学基金获得者。中国可再生能源学会青年工作委员会副主任,中国可再生能源学会氢能专业委员会委员,中国化工学会国际学术交流工作委员会委员等。主要从事氢能应用的共价有机聚合物(COP)能源材料的分子设计与工程制备研究。主持多项国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目。获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、中国可再生能源学会优秀青年科技人才奖、中国化工学会第九届侯德榜化工科学技术奖。发表论文110余篇,授权发明专利19件。电子信箱:

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China’s hydrogen energy industry will enter the fast lane[J]. Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, 2022(7): 24-25. (in Chinese), articleTitle=China’s hydrogen energy industry will enter the fast lane, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113886216851990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=130, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=胡仁, 王利, 赵昊彤, journalName=中国商论, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡仁, 王利, 赵昊彤, . 江苏省新能源产业创新发展机制及优化对策研究[J]. 中国商论, 2024(10): 130-135., articleTitle=江苏省新能源产业创新发展机制及优化对策研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113886267183639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=130, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Hu R, Wang L, Zhao H T, journalName=China Journal of Commerce, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu R, Wang L, Zhao H T, et al. 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Energy storage is pivotal in promoting the development of clean and renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. The establishment and personnel training of the energy storage science and engineering major provide solid support for the rapid development of the energy storage industry. This is crucial in achieving the "dual carbon" goals. Since Xi'an Jiaotong University launched the first undergraduate major in energy storage science and engineering in 2020, more than 60 universities have since followed suit. This rapid development trend clearly indicates that the establishment and personnel training of this major are experiencing a vigorous development stage. However, the energy storage science and engineering major encompasses knowledge systems from multiple disciplines such as power engineering, engineering thermophysics, electrical engineering, and materials science and engineering. This diversity brings certain difficulties to the major's establishment and personnel training. Despite several years of development, the professional establishment and personnel training model for this major are still under continuous exploration and improvement. Moreover, different universities have distinct curriculum systems and personnel training directions, each presenting its own characteristics. This article provides an overview of the curriculum system construction, personnel training direction setting, and energy storage teaching resources and platform construction in various universities offering the energy storage science and engineering major. It also consolidates experiences and ideas from different universities regarding personnel training in energy storage, providing a reference for others looking to establish and train personnel in this major.

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Development of hydrogen energy industry in Jiaxing from the perspective of green low carbon circular city construction[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2023, 13(6): 42-46. 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Discussion on the construction of hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technology courses[J]. The Theory and Practice of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2024, 7(9): 34-38. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Multi disciplinary cultivation mode of engineering educational disciplines: Various scenes platform for applied science and education, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242113885763867152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, awardId=2022YFB3807500, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3807500), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113885822587409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, awardId=22220102003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(22220102003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113885885501970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, awardId=XK180301, language=CN, fundingSource=双一流学科建设项目(XK180301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113885952610835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, awardId=XK1804-02, language=CN, fundingSource=双一流学科建设项目(XK1804-02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113882303566309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113882311954918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, companyId=1242113882303566309, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Some representative professional books recently published in hydrogen energy sector

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 图书名称 作者
《中国氢能产业政策研究》 中国国际经济交流中心课题组
《氢能产业:未来能源大战略》 张长令,雷宪章
《氢能百问》 李连荣
《中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书(2020)》 中国氢能源及燃料电池产业创新战略联盟
《氢与氢能》 李星国
《电解水制氢》 饶洪宇,薛青,黄宇涵,译
氢能燃料电池动力系统系列 《氢能及质子交换膜燃料电池动力系统》 魏学哲,王学远,王超
《质子交换膜燃料电池堆》 明平文,李冰
《质子交换膜燃料电池系统及其控制》 戴海峰,余卓平,袁浩
《氢燃料电池多物理过程建模与仿真》 屈治国,王宁,张国宾
《固体氧化物燃料电池动力系统技术》 王雨晴,史翊翔,史继鑫
氢能利用关键技术系列 《液氢技术与装备》 魏蔚
《制氢工艺与技术》 毛宗强,毛志明,余皓
《氢安全》 毛宗强
《氢燃料电池》 衣宝廉,俞红梅,侯中军
《氢气储存和运输》 邹建新
《氢能产业发展研究》 易杏花,倪琳
《氢能产业概论》 黄晔
《氢经济》 刘强,张真,王恰
), ArticleFig(id=1242113885638038031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1157002947855999776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

近期氢能领域出版的部分代表性专业图书

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 图书名称 作者
《中国氢能产业政策研究》 中国国际经济交流中心课题组
《氢能产业:未来能源大战略》 张长令,雷宪章
《氢能百问》 李连荣
《中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书(2020)》 中国氢能源及燃料电池产业创新战略联盟
《氢与氢能》 李星国
《电解水制氢》 饶洪宇,薛青,黄宇涵,译
氢能燃料电池动力系统系列 《氢能及质子交换膜燃料电池动力系统》 魏学哲,王学远,王超
《质子交换膜燃料电池堆》 明平文,李冰
《质子交换膜燃料电池系统及其控制》 戴海峰,余卓平,袁浩
《氢燃料电池多物理过程建模与仿真》 屈治国,王宁,张国宾
《固体氧化物燃料电池动力系统技术》 王雨晴,史翊翔,史继鑫
氢能利用关键技术系列 《液氢技术与装备》 魏蔚
《制氢工艺与技术》 毛宗强,毛志明,余皓
《氢安全》 毛宗强
《氢燃料电池》 衣宝廉,俞红梅,侯中军
《氢气储存和运输》 邹建新
《氢能产业发展研究》 易杏花,倪琳
《氢能产业概论》 黄晔
《氢经济》 刘强,张真,王恰
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中国氢能学科人才培养现状与展望
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鲍春竹 1, 2 , 于海峰 1 , 高华玲 1, , 向中华 1,
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024,3(4): 111-120
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024, 3(4): 111-120
中国氢能学科人才培养现状与展望
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鲍春竹1, 2 , 于海峰1, 高华玲1, , 向中华1,
作者信息
  • 1.北京化工大学有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室,北京 100029
  • 2.龙源(北京)新能源工程设计研究院,北京 100034
  • 鲍春竹,博士。主要从事能源材料的功能化设计及电催化应用研究。电子信箱:

    向中华,教授,博士研究生导师。国家优秀青年科学基金获得者,北京市杰出青年科学基金获得者。中国可再生能源学会青年工作委员会副主任,中国可再生能源学会氢能专业委员会委员,中国化工学会国际学术交流工作委员会委员等。主要从事氢能应用的共价有机聚合物(COP)能源材料的分子设计与工程制备研究。主持多项国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金等项目。获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、中国可再生能源学会优秀青年科技人才奖、中国化工学会第九届侯德榜化工科学技术奖。发表论文110余篇,授权发明专利19件。电子信箱:

通信作者:

Status and Prospects of Talent Cultivation in Hydrogen Energy Disciplines in China
Chunzhu BAO1, 2 , Haifeng YU1, Hualing GAO1, , Zhonghua XIANG1,
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
  • 2. Longyuan (Beijing) New Energy Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100034, China
出版时间: 2024-12-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.010
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氢能人才是突破技术瓶颈、构建产业链条、实现氢能在全球能源格局中崛起并推动绿色可持续发展的关键力量。随着氢能被正式纳入《中华人民共和国能源法(草案)》,高校设立了一系列新兴氢能相关专业,为青年人才开辟新的发展路径,为国家氢能产业的发展注入强劲动力。文章在阐述当前中国氢能学科的发展现状的基础上,深入分析了氢能领域的人才需求与培养状况,指出了氢能学科人才培养存在的问题,并提出建议。

氢能  /  氢能科学与工程  /  氢能行业人才培养

Talents in hydrogen energy disciplines serve as the key power in breaking through the technical bottleneck, building the industrial chain, realizing the rise of hydrogen energy in the global energy pattern, and promoting green and sustainable development. With hydrogen energy being officially incorporated into the Energy Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft), universities and colleges, are launching a series of emerging hydrogen energy-related majors. These initiatives open new development paths for young people and inject strong momentum into the development of the national hydrogen energy industry. This paper reviewed the current development status of hydrogen energy disciplines in China, deeply analyzed the talent demand and cultivation in the hydrogen energy sector, clarified challenges faced by talent cultivation in hydrogen energy disciplines, and proposed corresponding suggestions.

hydrogen energy  /  hydrogen energy science and engineering  /  talent cultivation in hydrogen energy industry
鲍春竹, 于海峰, 高华玲, 向中华. 中国氢能学科人才培养现状与展望. 前瞻科技, 2024 , 3 (4) : 111 -120 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.010
Chunzhu BAO, Haifeng YU, Hualing GAO, Zhonghua XIANG. Status and Prospects of Talent Cultivation in Hydrogen Energy Disciplines in China[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024 , 3 (4) : 111 -120 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.010
2024年,《中华人民共和国能源法(草案)》(简称《能源法》),正式将氢能作为能源管理而非危化品处理,这一举措标志着氢能从政策规划阶段进入法律保障阶段,氢能将驶入“快车道”。近些年,中国氢能产业布局加速,目前已有逾20个省市部署了氢能和氢燃料电池汽车的发展规划,如今珠三角、长三角、京津冀等地氢能产业集群已初具规模,并逐渐辐射到周边地区[1-4]。据《中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书》披露,中国是全球第一产氢大国。据统计,中国氢气产量逐年递增,2022年氢气产量达到4 004万t,2023年达到约4 575万t[5]。中国制定和实施氢能发展战略,旨在通过氢能技术的突破与应用,优化能源结构,提升能源安全,促进经济可持续发展。
从全球视角来看,各国在氢能领域的竞争与合作日益激烈。日本、德国等国家在氢能技术研发和商业化应用方面处于领先地位,而中国凭借其强大的制造能力和政策支持,迅速崛起为全球氢能市场的重要参与者。但是,与发达国家相比,中国在氢能自主技术研发、装备制造、基础设施建设等方面仍较为薄弱,与国际先进水平相比尚有差距。氢能产业是否快速发展还得看人才发展情况,《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》提出,要建立健全人才培养培训机制,加快推进氢能相关学科专业建设,培育氢能技术及装备专业人才,壮大氢能创新研发人才群体。伴随氢能产业进入快车道,氢能产品的升级与技术迭代加快,氢能行业用人需求量巨大,需要更多氢能专业化、多元化且具备前瞻性思维的复合型人才。氢能产业人才的培养是当务之急。氢能学科的发展对于实现全球能源转型和“碳达峰与碳中和”(简称“双碳”)目标具有重大意义。通过加强氢能学科的建设,培养和储备高素质专业人才,将为氢能技术的广泛应用和能源体系的可持续发展提供坚实的智力支持和技术保障[6]
氢能,即氢在化学反应过程中所释放的化学能。与传统的化石燃料不同,氢在转化为电能和热能的过程中仅产生水且不排放温室气体或微粒污染物,被视为绿色低碳能源[7-8]。氢能学科涵盖了从氢气的生产、储存与运输到实际应用的完整链条。通过深入研究氢能的基本概念与分类,探索不同类型氢能的生产技术,并优化储存与运输方法,氢能有望在未来能源体系中发挥重要作用。氢能的广泛应用不仅能有效减少碳排放,助力实现“双碳”目标,还将推动能源结构的深刻变革,促进全球可持续发展[9-12]。然而,氢能技术的普及仍面临诸多挑战,包括生产成本高、储运技术复杂、安全性要求高等问题。为此,需进一步加强基础研究和技术创新,推进产业链各环节的协同发展,形成完备的氢能产业生态系统。
氢能学科人才培养的目标是培养具备全面理论知识和实践能力的复合型人才,以推动氢能技术的研发和应用,为实现可持续发展目标提供坚实的人才保障。这一培养目标意味着不仅要关注初级人才的理论知识教学与实践能力培养,还要着重于中级人才的理论知识深化与跨学科知识融合培养,更要注重高级人才的前沿理论研究与实践引领创新培养,形成多层次、全方位的人才培养格局。
(1)从基础理论、前沿技术与工程实践三个方面开展初级人才培养。专业建设涵盖基础理论、前沿技术和工程实践3个层面,旨在全面提升学生的科学素养和创新能力。基础理论包括氢气制备、储存、运输与应用的化学和物理原理,为学生打下坚实的理论基础。前沿技术则涉及新材料、新工艺和系统集成,引导学生紧跟技术前沿,掌握最新的科研成果。工程实践侧重于氢能设备设计、系统运行与维护等实际操作能力,通过实践锻炼,提升学生的动手能力和解决实际问题的能力。
(2)着力构建氢能中高级人才培养方案。针对氢能中级人才的培养,各高校和科研机构应设立专门的研究生项目和进修课程,以满足行业对高层次人才的需求。这些项目应涵盖氢能技术的深入研究、系统集成与优化、政策与法规分析等内容,旨在培养具备独立科研能力、系统思维能力和政策解读能力的氢能领域专家。同时,鼓励中高级人才参与国际合作项目,通过跨国合作与交流,提升其国际视野和跨文化沟通能力。
(3)氢能职业教育是构筑产业人才的基石。氢能职业教育是连接理论与实践、教育与产业的重要桥梁。各高校和培训机构应开设氢能技术相关的职业教育课程,如氢能设备操作与维护、氢能安全与环保等,以满足行业对技术工人的需求。这些课程应注重实践操作和案例分析,通过模拟真实工作环境,提升学生的职业技能和职业素养。同时,与氢能企业合作,建立实训基地和校企合作项目,为学生提供实习和就业机会,促进教育与产业的深度融合。
国家政策的强力支持是氢能学科快速发展的重要驱动力。中国高度重视氢能技术与产业发展[13]。如图1所示,国家《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》(简称《十四五规划》)明确提出构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系,推进能源生产和消费革命,构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系。国务院发布的《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)》将氢能发展与燃料电池技术创新提升至国家战略高度,明确推动氢燃料电池车的发展。2022年,国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局联合发布《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》,明确指出氢能是未来国家能源体系的重要组成部分,强调要加强氢能基础研究,促进产学研结合,加快技术突破和产业化进程。2024年,中国《能源法》正式将氢能纳入其中。这一关键转变,不仅象征着氢能已经跨越政策规划层面,步入法律保障的新阶段,更为氢能产业蓬勃发展提供全方位政策支撑和法律依托,有力推动氢能产业稳健前行。
在利好政策的推动和产业需求的驱动下,高校以氢能源需求为导向,响应国家氢能产业高质量发展战略,开设了相关氢能学科专业。目前与氢能相关的普通高校本科专业已有15个。2019年,“氢能技术应用”专业入选《普通高等学校高等职业教育(专科)专业目录》,成为专科专业。2022年3月,“氢能科学与工程”专业正式列入普通高校本科专业目录。“氢能科学与工程”专业面向国家重大能源战略,在北京化工大学大电力学科体系支撑下,以动力工程及工程热物理、化学工程等学科为牵引,有机融合制氢模块(电化学、化工、材料)、氢储运模块(能动、物理、材料、机械)、氢安全模块(化工、控制、材料)、氢动力模块(能动、物理、电气)等多个氢能模块课程,开展全方位跨学科基础及应用基础研究,推进相关学科和交叉学科的发展,增强创新能力,实现中国能源结构安全转型,为中国氢能行业和能源事业的发展提供必要的人才支撑,如图2所示。氢能科学与工程专业2024年按照能源动力类(氢能)招生。截至目前,华北电力大学、北京化工大学、安徽工业大学、郑州轻工业大学、临沂大学、盐城师范学院等6所高校已开设该专业。此外,根据教育部《普通高等学校本科专业目录(2024年)》,包括清华大学、北京大学、浙江大学、华北电力大学、上海交通大学、北京理工大学、武汉理工大学在内的多所高校均已成立了氢能研究中心或实验室,开展多学科交叉研究。其中,北京化工大学以中国氢能源需求为导向,结合自身在大化工领域的独特优势,联合氢能研究院交叉研究中心开展了氢能科学与工程专业建设[14]。该专业以培养氢能专业化、多元化且具备前瞻性思维的复合型人才为目标,主要解决上游制氢、中游储氢和下游用氢3大环节中的重大基础科学难题及技术问题,聚焦氢能制备、储存、输运、应用全链条发展,着力实现氢能相关基础材料、关键零部件、核心工艺和高端装备等的突破,促进产业链、创新链深度融合发展,引领全国氢能技术创新和产业发展,力争在全球氢能领域起到示范带动作用。
氢能人才的发展依托于明确的人才培养目标、国家政策的强力支持,以及高校科研项目的积极推进。在国家利好政策和雄厚资金支持下,高校通过多学科交叉研究和产学研合作,取得了显著的科研成果和技术突破。例如,北京化工大学联合氢能领域诸多优秀企业组建了多个氢能产学研用联合体,重点突破新型燃料电池关键材料、高效-低成本燃料电池、燃料电池高效利用、能源器件智能组装,掌握低成本燃料电池电催化剂可控与宏量制备技术、高效-长寿命离子交换膜可控制备技术、精细化燃料电池器件高效组装技术、燃料电池清洁能源高效安全利用等行业共性关键技术,为2022年北京冬季奥运会清洁能源提供技术服务与方案。未来,需要进一步加强基础研究和技术创新,推动氢能产业链的协同发展,形成完备的氢能产业生态系统,助力实现全球可持续发展目标。
氢能领域的先驱者深知,人才的培养是推动氢能技术发展的关键。他们通过设立专项基金、创办研究机构、开展学术交流等方式,为氢能人才的培养倾注了大量心血。他们不仅传授专业知识,更注重培养后辈的创新思维和实践能力,鼓励他们勇于探索未知领域。正是这些前辈们的无私奉献和不懈努力,为氢能领域培养了一批批优秀的专业人才,为氢能技术的快速发展奠定了坚实的基础。
现任国际氢能协会副主席、清华大学教授毛宗强是中国氢能产业的发展带头人之一。毛宗强曾担任中国第一个国家“973”计划氢能项目的首席科学家,并积极参与氢能教育与培训,推动氢能领域的人才培养。2006年,毛宗强出版了《氢能:21世纪的绿色能源》,其中诸多技术和观点至今仍为氢能领域的发展提供着宝贵的参考。随着中国氢能的快速产业化,毛宗强深知氢安全重要性。针对国内氢安全资料不足、零散,他主动联合国内氢能领域专家、学者,于2020年联合编写、出版《氢安全》一书,该书系统地介绍了氢能全产业链的安全问题,为氢能领域人才提供了指导方向。毛宗强始终秉持着对氢能重要性的坚定信念,不断呼吁加强氢能教育与培训,以培养更多专业人才来推动氢能产业的发展。中国科学院院士、南开大学教授申泮文认为,氢能在未来能源构成中必将占有重要地位。他用共沉淀还原法合成了镍基和铁基储氢合金[15],用置换扩散法合成了镁基储氢合金[16],所得产品比冶金法得到的更均匀、更易活化或活性更高,为中国第一批镍氢电池的研制成功作出了贡献。申泮文的教学和研究成果不仅推动了氢能技术的发展,也为培养氢能领域的专业人才奠定了坚实基础。1978年,浙江大学教授王启东将氢能作为功能材料研究的突破口,带领团队开展固态储氢材料的研究,成功填补了中国在该领域研究的空白[17-19]。王启东团队开展了多项氢能利用试验,对推动中国的氢能技术应用起到了显著促进作用。另外,王启东还发起了中国国际氢能研讨会,建立氢能研究协会,并以大会主席的身份主办1998年国际金属-氢系统学术讨论会。同时,他始终坚守教学岗位,致力于培养材料科学和工程技术人才。王启东还筹资设立了王启东教育基金,以鼓励和支持青年学者和学生的发展。
氢能领域研讨会的频繁召开,不仅聚焦氢能技术的最新进展,还高度重视氢能人才的培养与发展。例如,在“2024年中国氢能产业大会”上,来自国内外的顶尖专家和行业代表齐聚一堂,通过院士专题报告会、绿色金融与绿色氢能专题研讨会等形式,深入探讨了氢能产业的未来发展趋势和技术创新方向。这些活动不仅为参会者提供了宝贵的学习和交流机会,也为氢能人才的培养搭建了重要平台。此外,研讨会还通过举办“一带一路”氢能国际合作研讨会等活动,加强了国内外氢能领域的交流与合作,为氢能人才提供了更广阔的视野和更多的发展机会。这些活动不仅有助于提升氢能人才的国际竞争力,还有助于推动氢能产业的全球化发展。此外,氢能领域专业图书的陆续出版,对氢能人才的培养产生了深远影响,见表1。这些图书不仅涵盖了氢能技术的基本原理、关键技术和应用前景,还深入探讨了氢能产业的发展趋势和政策环境,为氢能人才的培养提供了系统的理论支撑和实践指导。此外,氢能图书的出版还促进了学术界与产业界的交流与合作。图书的作者多为氢能领域的知名专家和学者,他们通过图书的撰写和出版,与读者分享了自己的研究成果和心得体会,也为氢能产业的发展提供了宝贵的建议和指导。这种交流与合作,有助于氢能人才的培养更加贴近产业需求,提高他们的实践能力和创新能力。
人才是行业高质量发展的不竭动力。国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局联合印发的《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》提出要推动建设氢能专业人才队伍,以氢能技术创新需求为导向,支持引进和培育高端人才,提升氢能基础前沿技术研发能力。目前,氢能领域的人才培养面临多重挑战和不足[20-21]。为解决国内氢能产业所面临的高素质、高技术、综合型技能人才匮乏困境,政府、高校和企业需进一步加强合作,优化人才培养政策和体系设计,确保培养出符合市场需求的高质量氢能专业人才,为氢能技术的持续创新和产业发展注入新动力[22]
人才培养体系主要包含以下3个方面:①人才培养的定位[7]。面向国家能源战略重大需求和资源可持续利用要求,培养具有家国情怀、人文素养、国际视野和创新精神,能够在氢能、环保、化工、教育等领域从事氢气制备、氢气存储、氢气安全研究、氢气动力研究、产业支持、项目与企业综合管理、科学研究与教书育人等工作,且德智体美劳全面发展的高素质氢能行业专门人才,助力中国实现“双碳”目标。②复合型人才培养[23-25]。氢能学科涵盖化学、物理、材料科学、工程学及环境科学等诸多领域。跨学科融合能为氢能技术的突破提供广阔的视野和多样化的方法。在制定人才培养体系时,通过设立跨学科研究中心或实验室,集聚化学、材料科学、工程学等诸多学科的优势,通过系统化、专业化和梯度化的人才培养,形成多层次、全方位的氢能人才梯队。③形成产学研用创新联合体[26-27]。产学研用融合是促进人才培养和产业发展的重要途径。人才培养应该贯彻“产学研用”四位一体的科技发展方针,紧紧围绕氢能领域的重大科学与技术问题,开展协同创新研究,加强学校、企业与科研机构之间的合作和交流,积极促进科技成果转化,建立产业创新联盟、产学研合作基地和成果转化人才培养示范基地,支撑行业发展,显著提升行业和领域的核心竞争力,解决氢能行业实际需求。
当前,氢能作为清洁能源的重要组成部分,正逐步成为全球能源转型的关键力量。然而,氢能技术的快速发展与广泛应用却面临着一个核心难题:氢能人才的培养无法充分满足行业需求[28-29]。这一问题不仅关乎氢能技术的持续创新,更直接影响到氢能产业的健康与可持续发展。多维度深入探讨氢能人才培养存在以下五大问题。
(1)教育体系与氢能技术前沿的脱节是当前氢能人才培养的首要问题。随着氢能技术的不断革新,从质子交换膜燃料电池到固态储氢技术,从氢能汽车到氢能发电站,新技术、新应用层出不穷。然而,现有的教育体系往往滞后于技术发展的步伐,课程设置和教学内容未能及时纳入最新的科研成果与技术进展。这导致学生所接受的知识体系与行业需求存在显著差距,难以快速适应氢能产业的实际需求。
(2)跨学科融合教育的不足限制了氢能人才综合创新能力的提升。氢能技术涉及化学、材料科学、能源工程、机械工程、电气工程等多个学科领域,是一个高度交叉融合的领域。然而,当前的教育体系往往过于强调单一学科的学习,缺乏促进学生跨学科学习与研究的机制。这导致学生难以掌握跨学科的知识和技能,限制了其在氢能技术研发、应用推广等方面的综合创新能力[30]
(3)实践平台的匮乏成为制约氢能人才培养的重要因素。氢能技术的研发与应用需要大量的实验和实践经验,然而,能够提供高质量实习实训机会的企业和科研机构却相对较少。这导致学生难以将理论知识转化为实际操作技能,影响了其就业竞争力。同时,实践平台的不足也限制了氢能技术的研发与应用,使得氢能产业的发展受到制约。
(4)师资力量薄弱。氢能技术作为一个新兴领域,具有丰富产业经验和深厚学术造诣的教师资源相对稀缺。这导致在教学过程中,教师难以将最新的科研成果和技术进展融入教学内容,难以提供高质量的教学和指导。同时,师资力量的不足也限制了氢能人才培养的规模和质量,使得氢能产业的发展受到人才短缺的制约。
(5)国际化程度不高也是一个不容忽视的问题。随着全球能源转型的加速推进,氢能技术的研发与应用已经成为全球性的议题。然而,当前氢能人才培养往往局限于国内,缺乏与国际顶尖研究机构和企业的深度合作。这导致学生难以了解掌握国际前沿的科研成果和技术进展,限制了其国际视野和全球竞争力的提升。同时,国际化程度不高也限制了氢能技术的国际合作与交流,使得氢能产业的发展受到国际市场的制约。
针对氢能人才培养领域存在的核心问题,需采取一系列具体而深入的解决策略。加强教育体系与氢能技术前沿的对接,推动跨学科融合教育的发展,加强实践平台的建设和师资力量的培养,提高氢能人才培养的国际化程度,以确保氢能产业的人才需求得到满足,推动氢能技术的持续创新与产业的健康发展。以下将从教育体系革新、跨学科融合教育、实践平台建设、师资力量强化以及国际化合作5个维度,提出具体的解决方案。
(1)通过更新课程体系,优化教学方法进行教育体系革新。定制化课程开发:与氢能领域领先企业合作,共同开发定制化课程,确保课程内容与行业需求高度契合。产学研深度融合:建立产学研联盟,推动高校、科研机构与企业之间的深度合作,实现知识、技术与人才的共享。线上与线下结合:利用在线学习平台,结合线下实践基地,形成线上线下互补的教育模式,提升学习效率与实践能力。
(2)设计跨学科课程及跨学科项目进行跨学科融合教育。交叉学科项目制:设立交叉学科研究项目,鼓励学生跨学科组队,共同解决氢能领域复杂问题。跨学科导师团队:组建由不同学科背景的导师组成的团队,为学生提供全方位的学术指导与实践支持。跨学科交流平台:定期举办跨学科研讨会、讲座与工作坊,促进不同学科之间的交流与融合。
(3)校内外通力合作助力实践平台建设。企业实习实训基地:与氢能领域企业合作,建立长期稳定的实习实训基地,为学生提供真实的实践环境。创新创业孵化平台:建立氢能领域创新创业孵化平台,鼓励学生将创新想法转化为实际项目,提升创业能力。国际合作实践项目:与国际氢能领域领先企业合作,开展国际合作实践项目,拓宽学生国际视野。
(4)培养引进并重,共同强化师资力量。高端人才引进计划:制定更具吸引力的政策,吸引国内外氢能领域顶尖人才加入教学团队。教师能力提升计划:定期举办教师培训与研讨会,提升教师的专业知识与教学能力,鼓励教师参与氢能领域前沿研究。教师激励机制:建立科学的教师评价与激励机制,对在教学与科研方面取得突出成果的教师给予表彰与奖励。
(5)拓展国际交流通路,强化国际合作。国际学术交流与合作:与国际氢能领域知名高校、科研机构建立合作关系,共同开展学术研究、人才培养与技术创新。国际氢能竞赛与论坛:参与或举办国际氢能竞赛与论坛,提升学生的国际竞争力与影响力。
上述策略的实施,将能够培养出更多具有创新精神、实践能力和国际视野的氢能人才,为氢能产业的健康与可持续发展提供坚实的人才支撑。同时,这些策略的实施也将推动氢能领域的技术创新、产业升级和国际化发展。
在当前全球能源转型的背景下,氢能学科的发展不仅关系到中国自身的能源转型和产业升级,更对全球实现碳中和目标具有重大意义。唯有健全政策支持体系,全面推动技术创新,深化跨学科融合,形成产学研创新联合体,加强氢能学科建设,培养和储备一批掌握核心技术、具备国际视野的专业人才,氢能学科与人才发展方能迎接未来挑战,才能在未来的能源革命中占据有利地位,实现可持续发展目标,为全球能源转型贡献中国智慧和力量。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3807500)
  • 国家自然科学基金(22220102003)
  • 双一流学科建设项目(XK180301)
  • 双一流学科建设项目(XK1804-02)
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2024年第3卷第4期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.04.010
  • 接收时间:2024-10-15
  • 出版时间:2024-12-20
  • 发布时间:2024-12-24
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15
  • 修回日期:2024-10-30
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3807500)
国家自然科学基金(22220102003)
双一流学科建设项目(XK180301)
双一流学科建设项目(XK1804-02)
作者信息
    1.北京化工大学有机无机复合材料国家重点实验室,北京 100029
    2.龙源(北京)新能源工程设计研究院,北京 100034

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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