Article(id=1156999964569194953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705075200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-13, revisedDate=1711555200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753779887573, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1719331200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753779887573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072552138, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1156999961176003006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='2', pageStart='4', pageEnd='135', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1718812800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753779886763, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776075083414, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Special Issue on Pipeline Transportation Engineering Science and Technology, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=管道运输工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=19, endPage=29, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156999965110260170, articleId=1156999964569194953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Key Role of Pipeline Transportation in Resilience and Security of Energy Supply Chain, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The stable operation of the energy supply chain is the foundation to ensure the normal operation of society and economic development, and it is an important component of national security. Therefore, improving the resilience and security of the energy supply chain is an important task facing the global energy market. As the core link of the energy supply chain, pipeline transportation plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing the resilience and security of the energy supply chain. This article introduced the construction scale of China’s oil and gas pipeline facilities, discussed the influence of pipeline transportation in the fossil energy supply chain, and explored the competitive relationship between pipeline transportation and other transportation modes. At the same time, it explained how pipeline transportation could improve the resilience and security of the energy supply chain, as well as its importance and application in supply chain management. Subsequently, it discussed the technical requirements and challenges faced by traditional oil and gas pipeline transportation. It was suggested to enhance the resilience and security of the energy supply chain by coordinating the layout planning of the energy supply chain, strengthening the construction of energy supply chain hub stations, promoting the construction of a national energy supply chain transportation platform, and improving the scientific system of the energy supply chain. By strengthening the role of pipeline transportation in the planning and construction of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and the collaborative support of the integrated energy network system, the flexibility, service resilience, security, and reliability of China’s energy system can be effectively improved, and the stability and security of overall energy supply can be guaranteed.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jing GONG, Shangfei SONG, Shengyuan WEI, Bohui SHI, Yindi ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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能源供应链的稳定运行是确保社会正常运转和经济发展的基础,同时也是国家安全的重要组成部分。因此,提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性是当前全球能源市场面临的重要任务。而管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,在提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性方面具有不可替代的作用。文章介绍了中国油气管道设施的建设规模,论述了管道运输在化石能源供应链中的影响,探讨了管道运输与其他运输方式的竞争和合作关系;同时,阐述了管道运输如何提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性,以及其在供应链管理方面的重要性和应用;随后探讨了传统油气管道运输面临的技术需求与挑战。建议通过统筹能源供应链布局规划、强化能源供应链枢纽站建设、推进国家级能源供应链调运平台建设和完善能源供应链系统科学体系建设方面来强化能源供应链的韧性和安全性。通过强化管道运输在综合立体交通网络的规划和建设以及综合能源网络系统的协同保障中的作用,可以有效提高中国能源系统的灵活性、服务韧性和安全可靠性,实现全局性的能源安全稳定供应。

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宫敬,教授,博士研究生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。2011年全国百篇优秀博士学位论文指导教师,2010年全国优秀博士学位论文提名指导教师。主要从事油气储运系统管道仿真技术、油气长距离管道输送理论与技术研究。主持国家重大专项课题和子课题6项,国家自然科学基金重点项目1项,国家自然科学基金面上项目4项。获省部级科技进步奖一等奖6项、二等奖6项、三等奖4项。发表论文400余篇。电子信箱:。

, authorsList=宫敬, 宋尚飞, 魏生远, 史博会, 张引弟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=宫敬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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宫敬,教授,博士研究生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。2011年全国百篇优秀博士学位论文指导教师,2010年全国优秀博士学位论文提名指导教师。主要从事油气储运系统管道仿真技术、油气长距离管道输送理论与技术研究。主持国家重大专项课题和子课题6项,国家自然科学基金重点项目1项,国家自然科学基金面上项目4项。获省部级科技进步奖一等奖6项、二等奖6项、三等奖4项。发表论文400余篇。电子信箱:。

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宫敬,教授,博士研究生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。2011年全国百篇优秀博士学位论文指导教师,2010年全国优秀博士学位论文提名指导教师。主要从事油气储运系统管道仿真技术、油气长距离管道输送理论与技术研究。主持国家重大专项课题和子课题6项,国家自然科学基金重点项目1项,国家自然科学基金面上项目4项。获省部级科技进步奖一等奖6项、二等奖6项、三等奖4项。发表论文400余篇。电子信箱:。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=China’s CO2 pipeline development strategy under the strategy of carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113588161217224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=607, pageEnd=613, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=黄维和, 宫敬, 王军, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄维和, 宫敬, 王军. 碳中和愿景下油气储运学科的任务[J]. 油气储运, 2022, 41(6): 607-613., articleTitle=碳中和愿景下油气储运学科的任务, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113588249297611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=607, pageEnd=613, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Huang W H, Gong J, Wang J, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang W H, Gong J, Wang J. Tasks of oil & gas storage and transportation discipline under the vision of carbon neutrality[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2022, 41(6): 607-613. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Tasks of oil & gas storage and transportation discipline under the vision of carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113588303823566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=152, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=张强, 杨玉锋, 张学鹏, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张强, 杨玉锋, 张学鹏, 等. 超临界二氧化碳管道完整性管理技术发展现状与挑战[J]. 油气储运, 2023, 42(2): 152-160., articleTitle=超临界二氧化碳管道完整性管理技术发展现状与挑战, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113588366738129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=152, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Zhang Q, Yang Y F, Zhang X P, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Yang Y F, Zhang X P, et al. Technology status and challenge of integrity management of supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2023, 42(2): 152-160. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Technology status and challenge of integrity management of supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113589855716052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.TE.20240305.1207.002.html, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=闫冰, 史博会, 陈俊文, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=闫冰, 史博会, 陈俊文, 等. 地形起伏超临界CO2管道两端阀室放空动态模拟[J/OL]. 油气储运, 2024[2024-03-07]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.TE.20240305.1207.002.html., articleTitle=地形起伏超临界CO2管道两端阀室放空动态模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590040265432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.TE.20240305.1207.002.html, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Yan B, Shi B H, Chen J W, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan B, Shi B H, Chen J W, et al. Dynamic simulation of valve chamber venting at both ends of supercritical CO2 pipeline with undulating terrain[J/OL]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2024[2024-03-07]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.TE.20240305.1207.002.html. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Dynamic simulation of valve chamber venting at both ends of supercritical CO2 pipeline with undulating terrain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590111568603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=胡艳芳, journalName=炼油技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡艳芳. 齐鲁石化-胜利油田CCUS项目二氧化碳输送管道全线贯通[J]. 炼油技术与工程, 2023, 53(6): 64., articleTitle=齐鲁石化-胜利油田CCUS项目二氧化碳输送管道全线贯通, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590187066078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Hu Y F, journalName=Petroleum Refinery Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Y F. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Qilu Etrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS project carbon dioxide transportation pipeline fully completed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590254174945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.02.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=王玮, 苏怀, 孙文苑, journalName=前瞻科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玮, 苏怀, 孙文苑, 等. 油气管道技术发展现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2023, 2(2): 161-167., articleTitle=油气管道技术发展现状与展望, refAbstract=文章在对比国内外油气管道建设现状的基础上,综述了中国油气管道关键技术发展现状及取得的主要成就,并结合“碳达峰、碳中和”战略与能源保供要求,展望了今后中国油气管道技术发展趋势,以期为后续油气管道相关技术发展提供借鉴。), Reference(id=1242113590333866723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.02.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Wang W, Su H, Sun W Y, journalName=Science and Technology Foresight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W, Su H, Sun W Y, et al. 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On the basis of comparing the current situation of oil and gas pipeline construction in China and abroad, this paper summarizes the development status and main achievements of key technologies for oil and gas pipelines in China and puts forward the development trend and prospects of oil and gas pipeline technologies in China in the future based on the 30·60 goals and energy supply protection requirements, so as to provide a reference for the subsequent development of related oil and gas pipeline technologies.

), Reference(id=1242113590392586981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=8, pageStart=12, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=李更丰, 黄玉雄, 别朝红, journalName=电力自动化设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李更丰, 黄玉雄, 别朝红, 等. 综合能源系统运行可靠性评估综述及展望[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(8): 12-21., articleTitle=综合能源系统运行可靠性评估综述及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590497444584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=8, pageStart=12, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Li G F, Huang Y X, Bie Z H, journalName=Electric Power Automation Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li G F, Huang Y X, Bie Z H, et al. Review and prospect of operational reliability evaluation of integrated energy system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2019, 39(8): 12-21. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Review and prospect of operational reliability evaluation of integrated energy system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590564553451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1209, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=5695, pageEnd=5708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=黄晟, 王静宇, 郭沛, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄晟, 王静宇, 郭沛, 等. 碳中和目标下能源结构优化的近期策略与远期展望[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5695-5708., articleTitle=碳中和目标下能源结构优化的近期策略与远期展望, refAbstract=碳达峰、碳中和目标已经正式上升为中国国家战略,相关的时间表、路线图及政策措施正在制订并落地实施。中国作为世界最大的能源消费国及二氧化碳排放国,碳中和战略的提出将引发能源领域广泛而深刻的系统性变革,亟须探索以“双碳”目标为导向的我国能源安全和结构优化的新路径。本文在对美国、欧盟和中国的二氧化碳排放情况和能源科技发展情况进行横向比较以及对中国近年来的碳排放特征和能源消费特征进行纵向分析的前提下,提出了中国能源结构优化的近期策略和远期展望。文中指出,我国需要在借鉴发达国家先进能源科技政策的基础上,立足本国国情,综合考虑自身的能源资源禀赋和能源的本质属性,清洁低碳利用煤炭、高效资源化利用石油、多元供给天然气、稳健发展清洁能源以及持续推动高耗能行业节能减排。能源领域碳中和的前提是完善相关的政策机制,并以此为引领构建清洁低碳、多元共生的能源体系,持续推进“三碳”技术与能源数字化技术协同创新,建设综合智慧能源系统。由于国际局势复杂演变,中国要统筹兼顾“双碳”目标实现、能源结构优化和能源安全三大目标,建立动态多元的能源战略储备体系和能源合作机制,确保开放条件下的能源安全。), Reference(id=1242113590635856622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1209, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=5695, pageEnd=5708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Huang S, Wang J Y, Guo P, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang S, Wang J Y, Guo P, et al. Short-term strategy and long-term prospect of energy structure optimization under carbon neutrality target[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 5695-5708. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Short-term strategy and long-term prospect of energy structure optimization under carbon neutrality target, refAbstract=

The carbon peak and carbon neutral target has been elevated to a national strategy, and relevant timetables, road maps and policy measures are being formulated and put into practice. As the world's largest energy consumer and carbon dioxide emitter, the proposal of the carbon neutrality target will trigger extensive and profound systemic changes in the energy field. It is urgent to explore new approaches for China's energy security and structural optimization oriented by the "double carbon" goal. Based on a horizontal comparison of carbon dioxide emissions and the development of energy technology in the United States, the European Union and China, as well as a vertical analysis of the characteristics of carbon emissions and energy consumption in China in recent years, the short-term strategy and long-term outlook for China's energy structure optimization were presented in this paper. On the basis of learning from the advanced energy science and technology policies of developed countries, it was suggested that China needed to base itself on its own national conditions, comprehensively consider its own energy resource endowment and the essential attributes of energy, use coal in a clean and low-carbon manner, utilize oil efficiently as a resource, supply natural gas in a diversified manner, and develop cleanly energy and continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in high energy-consuming industries. The prerequisite for carbon neutrality in the energy sector was to improve relevant policies and mechanisms, and took this as a guide to build a clean, low carbon, diversified and symbiotic energy system, continue to promote the collaborative innovation of "three-carbon" technology and energy digital technology, and construct an integrated intelligent energy system. Due to the complex evolution of the international situation, China's energy development should take into account the three goals of achieving the "dual carbon" goal, optimizing the energy structure and energy security. It was necessary for China to establish a dynamic and diversified energy strategic reserve system and energy cooperation mechanism to ensure energy security under open conditions.

), Reference(id=1242113590715548401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=24, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=刘攀, 杨敏, journalName=前瞻科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘攀, 杨敏. 综合立体交通多网融合研究现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2023, 2(3): 24-33., articleTitle=综合立体交通多网融合研究现状与展望, refAbstract=交通运输系统由各种交通方式相对独立向更加注重一体化融合发展,是构建现代化高质量国家综合立体交通网的必由之路。文章在对综合立体交通多网融合要素构成与系统特征进行深入分析的基础上,结合交通强国和国家综合立体交通网建设的总目标,对综合立体交通多网融合的研究现状、发展需求和挑战进行系统梳理,提出了构建中国特色综合立体交通多网融合理论、建设国家综合立体交通决策支持平台、推进各种运输方式加快向“多网融合”演进、聚焦国家区域协同重大发展战略场景4个方向的重点任务,支撑构建便捷顺畅、经济高效、绿色集约、智能先进、安全可靠的综合交通运输系统。), Reference(id=1242113590782657268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=24, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Liu P, Yang M, journalName=Science and Technology Foresight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu P, Yang M. Progress and prospect of research on multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2023, 2(3): 24-33. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Progress and prospect of research on multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems, refAbstract=

Transportation system has evolved from relatively independent to integrated, which is a necessary path for constructing a modern and high-quality national comprehensive transportation network. Initially, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the constituent elements and system characteristics of the multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems. Targeting the goal of establishing national strength in transportation and constructing a national comprehensive transportation system, the study subsequently provides a thorough review of the current research progress, development needs, and potential challenges of multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems. Finally, it proposes four primary tasks: Constructing a basic theory of multi-network integration with Chinese characteristics; building a national comprehensive transportation decision support platform; promoting the acceleration of the evolution of different transportation modes towards ‘multi-network integration’; and focusing on national and regional collaborative developments within major strategic scenarios. These initiatives support the construction of a convenient, smooth, economically efficient, green, intensive, advanced, safe, and reliable comprehensive transportation system.

), Reference(id=1242113590858154743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://doi.org/10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2023.0104, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=张赟宁, 王江鹏, 张磊, journalName=现代电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张赟宁, 王江鹏, 张磊. 考虑电转气和气网注氢技术的综合能源系统优化调度[J/OL]. 现代电力, 2023[2024-03-07]. https://doi.org/10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2023.0104., articleTitle=考虑电转气和气网注氢技术的综合能源系统优化调度, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113590942040825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://doi.org/10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2023.0104, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=44, authorNames=Zhang Y N, Wang J P, Zhang L, journalName=Modern Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y N, Wang J P, Zhang L. Optimal dispatch of inte‐grated energy system considering power-to-gas coupled gas grid hydrogen injection technology[J/OL]. Modern Electric Power, 2023[2024-03-07]. https://doi.org/10.19725/j.cnki.1007-2322.2023.0104. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Optimal dispatch of inte‐grated energy system considering power-to-gas coupled gas grid hydrogen injection technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113591009149690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=16, pageStart=73, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=何正友, 向悦萍, 廖凯, journalName=电力系统自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何正友, 向悦萍, 廖凯, 等. 能源-交通-信息三网融合发展的需求、形态及关键技术[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(16): 73-86., articleTitle=能源-交通-信息三网融合发展的需求、形态及关键技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113591080452859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=16, pageStart=73, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=46, authorNames=He Z Y, Xiang Y P, Liao K, journalName=Automation of Electric Power Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Z Y, Xiang Y P, Liao K, et al. Demand, form and key technologies of integrated development of energy-transport-information networks[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(16): 73-86. 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Main tasks of modes of transportation in fossil energy supply chain

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运输介质 管道运输 水路运输 轨道运输 道路运输
原油 国内运输的主要方式及资源进口的辅助方式 资源进口的主要方式 国内运输的辅助方式 —
成品油 国内运输的主要方式 — 国内运输的辅助方式 国内运输的辅助方式
天然气 普通天然气 国内运输的主要方式及资源进口的主要方式 — — —
LNG — 资源进口的主要方式 — 国内运输的主要方式
CNG — — — 国内运输的主要方式
煤炭 在中短途运输、点对点运输方面可以替代传统的道路运输 辅助方式 主要运输方式 主要承担中短途运输及“道路运输转轨道运输”“道路运输转水路运输”等转运任务
), ArticleFig(id=1242113585602691677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964569194953, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

化石能源供应链中各运输方式的主要任务

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运输介质 管道运输 水路运输 轨道运输 道路运输
原油 国内运输的主要方式及资源进口的辅助方式 资源进口的主要方式 国内运输的辅助方式 —
成品油 国内运输的主要方式 — 国内运输的辅助方式 国内运输的辅助方式
天然气 普通天然气 国内运输的主要方式及资源进口的主要方式 — — —
LNG — 资源进口的主要方式 — 国内运输的主要方式
CNG — — — 国内运输的主要方式
煤炭 在中短途运输、点对点运输方面可以替代传统的道路运输 辅助方式 主要运输方式 主要承担中短途运输及“道路运输转轨道运输”“道路运输转水路运输”等转运任务
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管道运输对能源供应链韧性和安全性的关键作用
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宫敬 1, † , 宋尚飞 1 , 魏生远 1 , 史博会 1 , 张引弟 2
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024,3(2): 19-29
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024, 3(2): 19-29
管道运输对能源供应链韧性和安全性的关键作用
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宫敬1, † , 宋尚飞1, 魏生远1, 史博会1, 张引弟2
作者信息
  • 1.中国石油大学(北京)油气管道输送安全国家工程研究中心,城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室,石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京 102249
  • 2.长江大学石油工程学院,武汉 430100
  • 宫敬,教授,博士研究生导师。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。2011年全国百篇优秀博士学位论文指导教师,2010年全国优秀博士学位论文提名指导教师。主要从事油气储运系统管道仿真技术、油气长距离管道输送理论与技术研究。主持国家重大专项课题和子课题6项,国家自然科学基金重点项目1项,国家自然科学基金面上项目4项。获省部级科技进步奖一等奖6项、二等奖6项、三等奖4项。发表论文400余篇。电子信箱:。

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†
Key Role of Pipeline Transportation in Resilience and Security of Energy Supply Chain
Jing GONG1, † , Shangfei SONG1, Shengyuan WEI1, Bohui SHI1, Yindi ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1. MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Pipeline Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2. School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.002
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能源供应链的稳定运行是确保社会正常运转和经济发展的基础,同时也是国家安全的重要组成部分。因此,提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性是当前全球能源市场面临的重要任务。而管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,在提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性方面具有不可替代的作用。文章介绍了中国油气管道设施的建设规模,论述了管道运输在化石能源供应链中的影响,探讨了管道运输与其他运输方式的竞争和合作关系;同时,阐述了管道运输如何提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性,以及其在供应链管理方面的重要性和应用;随后探讨了传统油气管道运输面临的技术需求与挑战。建议通过统筹能源供应链布局规划、强化能源供应链枢纽站建设、推进国家级能源供应链调运平台建设和完善能源供应链系统科学体系建设方面来强化能源供应链的韧性和安全性。通过强化管道运输在综合立体交通网络的规划和建设以及综合能源网络系统的协同保障中的作用,可以有效提高中国能源系统的灵活性、服务韧性和安全可靠性,实现全局性的能源安全稳定供应。

管道运输  /  能源供应链  /  韧性  /  安全性  /  综合立体交通网络

The stable operation of the energy supply chain is the foundation to ensure the normal operation of society and economic development, and it is an important component of national security. Therefore, improving the resilience and security of the energy supply chain is an important task facing the global energy market. As the core link of the energy supply chain, pipeline transportation plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing the resilience and security of the energy supply chain. This article introduced the construction scale of China’s oil and gas pipeline facilities, discussed the influence of pipeline transportation in the fossil energy supply chain, and explored the competitive relationship between pipeline transportation and other transportation modes. At the same time, it explained how pipeline transportation could improve the resilience and security of the energy supply chain, as well as its importance and application in supply chain management. Subsequently, it discussed the technical requirements and challenges faced by traditional oil and gas pipeline transportation. It was suggested to enhance the resilience and security of the energy supply chain by coordinating the layout planning of the energy supply chain, strengthening the construction of energy supply chain hub stations, promoting the construction of a national energy supply chain transportation platform, and improving the scientific system of the energy supply chain. By strengthening the role of pipeline transportation in the planning and construction of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network and the collaborative support of the integrated energy network system, the flexibility, service resilience, security, and reliability of China’s energy system can be effectively improved, and the stability and security of overall energy supply can be guaranteed.

pipeline transportation  /  energy supply chain  /  resilience  /  security  /  comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network
宫敬, 宋尚飞, 魏生远, 史博会, 张引弟. 管道运输对能源供应链韧性和安全性的关键作用. 前瞻科技, 2024 , 3 (2) : 19 -29 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.002
Jing GONG, Shangfei SONG, Shengyuan WEI, Bohui SHI, Yindi ZHANG. Key Role of Pipeline Transportation in Resilience and Security of Energy Supply Chain[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024 , 3 (2) : 19 -29 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.002
能源供应链是全球经济的脉搏,确保了从能源原产地到终端消费者的一切流程的高效运转。能源供应链的重要性不仅体现在提供各类能源以驱动社会经济活动上,还关系到能源安全,是影响各国的战略布局和社会稳定的重要因素。近年来,全球发生的一系列重大“黑天鹅”事件,特别是新冠疫情、俄乌冲突和巴以冲突,对全球能源市场造成了严重冲击[1]。因此,能源供应链韧性和安全性显得尤为重要。能源供应韧性是指在面对各种破坏或突发事件时,能够快速恢复并维持正常运转的能力,这对于确保能源安全供应至关重要[2]。而安全性则侧重于降低能源供应链在运输、储存等过程中出现事故的风险,以减少可能的能源损失,确保能源供应的稳定,同时避免对环境和社会造成严重影响[3]。因此,提升能源供应链韧性和安全性是当前全球能源市场面临的重要任务。
管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,具有低能耗、大容量、持续运输、密闭运输的特点,是一种环保高效安全的能源运输方式,在提升能源供应链韧性和安全性方面具有不可替代的重要性。一方面,管道运输可以避免大量的中转环节,最大程度地减少能源损耗,从而增强了能源供应链韧性,使得在出现突发事件时,能源供应链可以快速恢复正常运行;另一方面,管道运输相比其他运输方式具有更高的安全性,它避免了在运输过程中的潜在风险,如交通事故、极端天气等,极大地降低了能源运输的安全风险,保证了能源供应的稳定。因此,强调管道运输在提升能源供应链韧性和安全性方面的重要性,对于进一步优化能源供应结构,提升全球能源市场的稳定性与安全性具有重大意义。
在油气管道建设方面,截至2023年底,中国已建成国家干线管网约18.5万km,基本形成连通海外、覆盖全国、横跨东西、纵贯南北、区域管网紧密跟进的油气骨干管网布局。其中,天然气管道里程12.2万km,原油管道里程3.1万km,成品油管道里程3.2万km。
在液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)接收方面,中国已投产液化天然气接收站28座,总接收能力合计1.23亿t/年,接收站基本辐射沿海各省。在储气设施建设方面,中国已建成储气库群18座,库容规模达563亿m3,工作气量约216亿m3,约占2023年全年天然气消费量的6%。截至2022年底,在原油港口建设方面,中国已建成原油港口15座,总接卸能力53 964万t/年;在油库建设方面,中国商业油库总容量达到了25 017万m3。
“十四五”时期,随着中国油气管网全面进入物理互联互通、服务公平开放的“全国一张网”发展新阶段,预计未来10~20年中国管道运输规模还将处于稳定增长期。
化石能源主要包含煤炭、石油及天然气等,是中国能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分。管道、道路、水路和轨道是4种常见的化石能源运输方式,它们在化石能源供应链中存在竞争和合作关系。竞争关系主要包括以下两方面。① 运输成本竞争:道路运输通常适用于短距离和小规模货物运输;水路运输通常适用于大宗货物长距离的国际或国内运输;轨道运输适用于大规模长途货物运输,而管道运输在长距离、大规模液体和气体货物运输方面具有明显经济优势。② 时间效率竞争:对于需要快速交付的货物,道路和轨道运输通常更快,而管道运输和水路运输尽管速度较慢,但可以容纳更大体积的货物,并且管道运输能够提供连续且可靠的输送服务。
合作关系主要包括以下两方面。① 互补运输:不同的运输方式可以相互补充,形成运输链条。② 多式联运:通过多式联运,货物可以在不同运输方式之间灵活转换,选择最优的运输组合,以实现货物的高效、快速运输。在完成不同类型能源物资的运输任务时,管道运输与道路运输、水路运输、轨道运输之间存在不同的竞争合作关系。在化石能源供应链中,各运输方式的主要任务见表1。
在油气资源供应方面,国内油气资源供应依赖于中国区域间、城市群间、省际间,以及与国际油气资源运输通道相连的管道、水路、轨道和道路等网络间的协调配合。其中,管道运输和水路运输由于具有输量大、成本低等优势而成为目前油气运输的主要方式;轨道主要承担原油和成品油的运输任务;道路运输主要运输成品油、LNG和压缩天然气(Compressed Natural Gas, CNG),但该方式存在输量小、运价高、不环保等缺点,仅负责解决其他运输方式的“最后一公里”问题[4],通常在小输量短距离情况下作为其他运输方式的补充。
管道运输承担着中国陆上约85%原油、30%成品油和99%天然气的运输任务。此外,LNG远洋运输和LNG液体运输都离不开管道。中国石油运输链整体呈“海上接卸、西油东送、北油南运”的格局[5-6]。石油进口以水路为主,管道为辅;中国国内运输则以管道为主,轨道和水路为辅。天然气运输链整体呈“海气登陆、西气东输、北气南下”的格局。天然气进口主要依靠LNG船和管道,中国国内运输则以管道为主,以道路运输为辅。此外,将来采用LNG长距离低温管网运输技术可将大规模远洋贸易到港LNG运输至地理分布广泛的城市冷能与天然气需求站,实现LNG长距离低温运输系统与城市冷能、天然气需求系统的耦合,对于实现大规模天然气输运及冷能灵活利用、推进综合能源运输效率具有重要意义,能够全面发挥LNG冷能在“双碳”目标中的作用[7]。
在煤炭资源供应方面,中国煤炭行业运输系统呈现以轨道为主,道路和水路为辅的运输结构[8]。水路运输受地理因素限制,发展潜力相对较小;道路运输考虑成本等因素,主要承担中短途运输及“道路运输转轨道运输”“道路运输转水路运输”等转运任务,因此,轨道运输一直以来肩负着煤炭行业的主要运输任务。但随着“碳排放权”市场建立,粗放落后的运输方式将会被淘汰,煤炭行业运输系统将面临更严重的危机:道路运输能力逐渐削弱,轨道运输依赖性更强,运输结构稳定性进一步降低。煤制气管道运输与传统的运输模式相比具有绿色环保、安全可靠、经济高效等优势,在煤炭资源及煤基固废运输方面应用前景广阔,特别是在中短途运输、点对点运输方面可以替代传统的道路运输,能够缓解地面交通系统运输压力,降低运输系统碳排放,优化煤炭行业运输结构,提高运输系统的稳定性,对于煤炭行业运输系统绿色改革具有积极的促进作用。同时,煤制气管道运输是煤炭资源运输的重要补充,促进了煤炭资源的清洁利用和能源结构的优化[9]。此外,管道运输也在煤浆管道运输、气液副产品管道运输等方面具有一定的应用场景和优势[10]。
中国的能源供应链面临着多种风险与挑战[11-12],主要包括以下7方面。① 地缘政治风险。由于中国大量依赖进口石油和天然气,所以当地缘政治紧张局势出现时可能导致能源供应的不稳定。② 市场波动风险。国际能源价格波动可能影响能源成本,进而影响中国经济的整体稳定。③ 运输和物流挑战。长距离的能源运输路线可能面临自然灾害(地震、冰冻、洪水)、海盗活动、运输瓶颈等问题。④ 环境和可持续性问题。中国在推进能源转型和减少碳排放方面面临着挑战,同时需要保证能源供应的稳定。⑤ 技术和创新挑战。随着能源结构的转变,中国需要在新能源技术、能源储存和智能电网等方面进行创新和投资。⑥ 国内能源供应安全。国内能源生产的不确定性、天然资源的枯竭及能源基础设施的老化都是重要的内部风险。⑦ 网络安全风险。随着能源行业数字化程度的提高,网络攻击和数据安全问题对能源供应链构成威胁。这些风险和挑战要求国家在能源政策、技术创新、国际合作和供应链管理等方面采取积极措施,以提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性,确保能源供应链的稳定和可持续发展。
供应链韧性是指供应链在面对各种潜在的干扰(如自然灾害、局部战争、经济波动、技术故障或市场需求的急剧变化等)时,能够有效地抵抗、适应和恢复正常运作的能力[2]。具体来说,供应链韧性包括4个关键方面。① 抵抗力:供应链能够抵御外部冲击和干扰的能力。② 适应性:在面对变化和挑战时,供应链能够灵活调整和适应的能力。③ 恢复力:在受到干扰或中断后,供应链能够迅速恢复到正常运作状态的能力。④ 持续改进:供应链能够从经验中学习,不断改进和加强其韧性的能力[13]。
管道运输在提升能源供应链韧性和安全性方面有很多应用场景。① 正常条件下,管道运输发挥能源安全保供的作用。② 灾害条件下,管道的良好韧性使管道容易迅速恢复,保障紧缺物资供给。例如,在大地震后,管道的韧性使其在地震后仍然保持完好,并且能够快速修复任何可能的损伤,从而确保了紧缺的油、气、水资源能够稳定、安全地运输到灾区。③ 战争条件下,管道也可以作为生命线来保障紧缺物资的供给。例如,石油和天然气的管道运输可以继续为战区的能源供应提供保障,而预先设计的应急管道运输系统可以快速地运送救援物资。总之,管道运输能够在各种复杂环境和条件下保障能源供应链的灵活性和韧性。
在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下,管道运输发挥着重要作用,不仅有助于优化能源结构,提高能源利用效率,更能显著降低碳排放。
通过管道可以将天然气、氢气等清洁能源安全、高效地运输到各个地区,满足人们的日常生活和工业生产的能源需求[14]。这种运输方式不仅有助于减少对煤炭等化石燃料的依赖,还可有效降低碳排放,为能源结构的绿色低碳转型提供有力支持。此外,煤炭资源及煤基固废的管道运输也显示出其独特的优势,通过降低运输系统的碳排放、优化运输结构,极大地促进煤炭行业运输系统的绿色改革。同时,煤制气管道运输方式也促进了煤炭资源的清洁利用和能源结构的优化。
在提高能源利用效率方面,管道运输也发挥重要作用。相比于其他运输方式,管道运输可以连续、稳定地运输能源物资,减少能源在运输过程中的浪费,从而提升整体能源利用效率。并且管道运输设计的优化也有助于提高能源利用效率。通过合理的管道布局、材料选择及涂层技术,能够降低能源在管道内的摩擦阻力,减少能源在运输过程中的损耗。
此外,管道运输在碳捕集、利用与封存(Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, CCUS)技术中也扮演着关键角色,是大规模CO2运输的最优选择[15-16]。根据运输介质状态的不同,管道运输可分为气态运输、低温液态运输、密相运输和超临界运输,其中密相运输和超临界运输具有较高的运输效率和经济优势[17-18]。目前,国外已有长距离、大规模的CO2运输管道投运,中国正处于示范阶段。例如,2023年国内首条大规模CO2运输管道——齐鲁石化—胜利油田CCUS示范项目CO2运输管道全线贯通。未来CO2运输管道将在中国逐步实现规模化应用[19]。
能源资源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。因此,系统提升保障能源资源、重要产业链供应链安全性对于更好保障经济社会发展所需的能源资源持续、可靠和有效供给具有重要意义。
如图1所示,油气能源运输系统是国家工业血液的运输工具[20],需要满足以下条件。① 高可靠性:研究确立在设计和建设过程中的管网整体系统高可靠性技术,同时,设施应具备在故障情况下的应急处理能力。② 高适应性:完善理论、开发新技术,确保油气能源设施具备适应各种复杂环境的能力以及系统灵活应对资源和市场变化的能力。③ 高环保性:研究适应系统的环保技术和设备,减少设施失效对环境的影响。④ 高智能化:充分应用第四次工业革命的技术,建立生产运行数字孪生体,预测资源市场匹配度,基于可靠和效益目标,自动给出运行控制参数和方法,达到系统整体最优,推动行业新质生产力发展。
军事油料后勤保障运输是国防活动和国家安全保障的重要支撑。与轨道、道路、水路相比,地方成品油管道运输具有输油量大、隐蔽性好、易于修复、战场生存能力强、战时不会与其他军事运输任务争抢运输通道等优点。因此,在特殊时期,可以利用成品油管网实施军事油料运输,与野战输油管线优势互补,快速建立以商用管道为主干、野战管线为支线的战场油料运输网络。在这方面,美国、俄罗斯等国家军队油料运输任务中有70%以上依靠民用输油管网运输。因此,统筹军地油料运输资源,构建综合管道、道路、轨道、水路的大交通运输网,加快应急投送与现代物流的有机融合,实现军民共享油气管网,建立有效的一体化油料保障运行管理机制,全面提升交通系统综合保障能力,是未来亟须开展的工作。
然而,在军事油料保障的立体运输系统的建设中,仍面临一系列需要解决的科学问题。首先,需要深入研究油料的储存与运输技术。军事油料在储存和运输过程中,需要确保油料的质量、需求量以及快速供给的需求,这就涉及如何优化油料的储存结构、提高运输管道快速衔接、安全调控水平等科学问题。其次,智能化油料管理与监控技术也是需要关注的重点。通过引入物联网、大数据等先进技术,可以实现对油料运输全过程的实时监控和智能管理,提高油料运输的准确性和效率。最后,如何确保这些技术在复杂战场环境下的稳定性和可靠性,以及如何实现与其他军事系统、民用系统的无缝对接,都是需要解决的难题。
在面临自然灾害突发和地缘政治紧张等极端环境下,为保障油气资源供给[21],应实现包括陆地管道、轨道、道路和水路等各种交通方式之间的无缝衔接和协同发展。基于中国国内油气能源供应链现状,可以考虑从风险评估与应急策略、战略储备设施及其配套设施建设、多元化能源准备3方面进行管理。
1)风险评估与应急策略
应构建综合联动的多场景下的油气供应风险情景。例如,极端事件使得能源供应中断;能源基础设施受到破坏;能源价格波动,使能源成本上升。要测试和评价这些场景下油气储备运输系统的运行韧性,系统梳理中国油气供给的薄弱环节。同时,针对供应链的薄弱环节开展韧性提升战略与布局优化研究,统筹提出中国油气安全保供战略与对策建议:在陆地管道方面,应在中国国内建设多个管道网络,实现全国范围内的能源供应;加快布局LNG接收站外运输天然气管道的建设。此外,需要研究这些场景下的应急策略,在国家层面建立统一高效的应急指挥体系,确保在极端情况下能够迅速启动,保障供给。
2)战略储备设施及其配套设施建设
需要对极端条件下,中国能源消耗量进行精确评估,提前做好战略储备设施建设。与常规储备设施相比,战略储备设施建设要全面考虑地形地貌、水文气象条件、运输条件等因素。同时要考虑与现有能源系统的连接便利性,要做到设施自动化、信息化、智能化,并与应急指挥系统连接,保证石油和天然气的战略储备可以在紧急情况下提供一定期限的供应,以在外部供应链突然中断的情况下提供缓冲。
3)多元化能源准备
考虑多元化的能源来源,调整能源结构,增加清洁低碳能源在国家能源结构中的比重,降低对传统能源的依赖,进而提高能源供应的韧性。同时,应加强不同能源供应方式之间的转换能力和互补性,以确保在单一能源供应中断时,能够通过其他供应方式来弥补缺口。此外,还需要加强国际能源合作,建立多个石油和天然气进口来源,减少对单一供应商或地区的依赖。加快国内页岩气、煤层气等非常规天然气资源的开采利用,以及近海和远海油气田开发,以提高国内能源供给能力[22]。
然而,应对极端条件下的油气供应链韧性提升涉及多个需要深入研究和解决的科学问题。在风险评估方面,需要研究先进的科学方法和技术手段,对油气供应链中的各类风险进行量化分析和预测。这包括评估极端事件发生的概率、影响范围及可能造成的损失等。同时,还需要研究风险传播机制和风险之间的相互作用关系,以揭示供应链中潜在的风险链和风险网络。此外,还需要研究供应链薄弱点的评价及韧性提升方法。在应急策略方面,需要根据风险评估结果,综合考虑资源调配、运输能力、储备规模等多个因素,进行多目标优化和决策分析,最终制定科学合理的应急预案。
“综合立体”强调的是统筹、融合和协调[23]。如图2所示,中国油气运输供应交通体系割裂性比较强,管道、轨道、道路、水路等不同的交通系统,各自具备一套体系,这种割裂性显然无法满足新的发展理念。综合考虑物流运输与能源运输保障,不同的能源形式可以根据其物理属性和运输需求,选择最合适的运输方式。当某一种运输方式出现瓶颈时,其他运输方式可以作为补充,以确保能源供应的稳定性。管道运输与其他运输方式联运是实现综合立体交通多网融合的重要途径,但这需要面临如协调困难、枢纽站点规划不足、衔接工艺复杂等问题。
为了克服这些问题,首先要强化各主体间的合作与协调;其次应优化枢纽站点的统筹规划,以降低中转时间和成本;最后要研发全流程协同调度的方法,优化不同运输模式的衔接工艺,促进联运的效率。
此外,面对多样化的运输方式深度融合需求,应当开展管道联运网络的规划与运行优化研究,探索多运输网络融合下的多联运主体动态博弈规律,以及产运储销全链条协同的管道联运网络规划设计、评价与运价体系等关键技术。这些举措有望实现管道与水路、轨道、道路等多种交通网络的协同运输,提高供应链、产业链的降本增效能力,并推动节能减排和降碳。总体来说,通过建立并优化多式联运模式下的管道联运网络,可以更好地协调各类交通资源,提高综合交通的效率和可持续发展能力。
“物优其流”这一理念强调在能源从一种形态转换为另一种形态,以及从生产地到消费地的转运过程中,应追求最优化、最高效的流动,确保能源的高效利用和环境友好性。
随着科技的进步,已经可以实现化石能源到清洁能源的多种形态转换,如煤制气、煤制氢等。这些技术不仅提高了能源的利用效率,还减少了环境污染。同时,风能、太阳能、水能等可再生能源的发电技术也在不断发展,使得清洁能源在能源结构中的比重逐渐增加。此外,考虑风电不确定性与波动性,在综合能源系统中引入电转气(Power to Gas, P2G)技术,将电能转换为氢气或甲烷,使电网与天然气网之间的能量流动由单向变为双向,提高了系统的新能源消纳能力,同时提升了系统的经济性[24]。
在“物优其流”的理念下,能源转运不再是孤立的环节,而是与能源生产、消费等环节紧密相连。通过构建协同化的能源转运网络、枢纽站建设,可以实现能源的高效调配和优化利用,提高整个能源系统的运行效率。一方面,通过建立有效的信息共享和协调机制,使协同化的能源转运网络能够实现能源生产、转运和消费之间的无缝对接,避免了能源浪费和供需失衡的问题;另一方面,在能源转运过程中,网络可以基于实时需求和供应情况,通过优化转运路径、减少转运损耗、提高转运速度等方式降低能源在转运过程中的成本和时间消耗,提高能源系统的整体运行效率。这不仅有助于降低能源成本,还能够减少能源消耗和环境污染,推动能源行业的可持续发展。
综合立体大交通在保障能源供应链韧性与安全性方面的发展趋势是向着更加高效、协同、绿色和智能的方向发展。管道运输作为其中的重要组成部分,需要在众多方面发挥积极作用,推动能源供应链的优化和升级,提升能源供应链韧性与安全性,为经济社会发展提供坚实可靠的能源保障。
在能源设施建设方面,应推进交通基础设施与能源设施统筹布局规划建设优化,充分考虑煤炭、油气、电力等各种能源运输特点,强化交通与能源基础设施共建共享,提高设施利用效率,减少能源资源消耗[25]。
在保障能源供应方面,应充分考虑能源需求的波动性和不确定性,研究制定具有前瞻性和韧性的能源供应链规划方案,确保在各种情况下都能保障能源的稳定供应。同时,应规划多元化能源供应渠道,降低对单一能源来源的依赖,提高能源供应链的抗风险能力。此外,在规划过程中,也应注重绿色与可持续发展,推动清洁能源的利用,减少环境污染。
在规划阶段,管道运输部门主要负责确定能源运输的线路和布局,确保与其他交通方式的顺畅衔接,形成高效、稳定的能源运输网络。并能够根据规划要求,优化管道运输系统,提高其运行效率和可靠性,以应对可能的能源需求波动和极端状态下能源供给。同时,基于技术的发展,研究快速反应和联动的管网运行控制模式。
为了提升能源供应链的韧性与安全性水平,应该加强各类能源供应链枢纽站的功能建设及分类,完善安全监测和预警机制,提高其能源储存、转运和调度能力,确保能源在枢纽站的安全、高效流动及转运。同时,应利用先进的信息和智能技术,实现枢纽站的智能化运行管理,保证枢纽站的高效和可靠运行。此外,还要优化枢纽站的层次和布局,加强不同枢纽站之间的协同合作,实现能源在更大范围内的优化配置和高效利用,提高其对突发事件的应对能力和恢复能力,确保在紧急情况下能够迅速、有效地调整能源供应链。在能源供应链枢纽站中,管道运输应与轨道、道路、水路等交通方式实现无缝衔接,形成高效、协同的能源运输体系。
国家级能源供应链调运平台作为能源供应链的核心环节,应主要负责对能源供应链的实时监控和调度,确保能源在全国范围内的平衡供应和高效利用。随着信息技术的飞速发展,国家级能源供应链调运平台将向数字化与智能化方向发展。通过建立完善的数据收集、传输和处理系统,实现能源供应链的实时监控和动态调整。同时,利用大数据、云计算、人工智能等技术手段,对能源供应链进行深度分析和预测,提高决策的科学性和准确性。此外,国家级能源供应链调运平台需要实现与各地区、各交通方式之间的协同化与一体化发展。通过建立统一的调度指挥平台和协调机制,并加强与政府、企业等各方之间的合作与沟通,实现全国范围内的能源资源优化配置和高效利用,共同应对能源供应链中的挑战和风险。
管道运输部门在国家级能源供应链调运平台的指导下,负责具体的能源管道运输和调度执行工作。根据国家级调运平台的调度指令和能源需求情况,合理安排管道运输计划,确保能源按时、按量、保质地运输到目的地。同时,实时监测管道的运行状态和能源流动情况,及时调整运输策略,保障能源运输供应链的稳定运行。
随着系统科学的不断发展,综合立体大交通将更加注重系统优化与协同。这意味着各种交通方式将不再是孤立的个体,而是形成一个紧密联系、相互协作的整体。通过系统优化,可以找到最佳的交通路径和最有效的能源配送方式,从而提升能源供应链的韧性和安全性。另外,通过系统分析和建模,可以找出交通系统中的潜在风险点,提出相应的预防措施和应急预案,提高交通系统的抗风险能力和恢复能力。为此,需要加强能源供应链系统科学研究,建立跨部门的协作机制,打破信息壁垒,实现资源共享和优势互补。
能源供应链的安全稳定对国家经济社会发展至关重要。近年来,全球能源供应链所受到的严重冲击使得增强能源供应链的韧性与安全性成为当前全球能源市场的首要任务。管道运输作为能源供应链的核心环节,具有高效、安全、环保等优点。因此,强调管道运输在提升能源供应链韧性和安全性方面的重要性,对于进一步优化能源供应结构,提升全球能源市场的稳定性与安全性具有重大意义。同时,在应对能源供应链风险时,还需要加强管道运输网络的建设和管理,探索保障军事油料供应的立体运输系统的建设,解决极端条件下的油气供应链韧性提升问题,以提高其韧性和安全性。未来需要进一步加大技术创新的力度,深入研究综合立体交通系统保障油气供应以及“物优其流”的能源形态转换及转运技术,统筹能源供应链布局规划,强化能源供应链枢纽站建设,推进国家级能源供应链调运平台建设,完善能源供应链系统科学体系建设,进而推动管道运输技术的不断发展和进步,以便更好地服务于能源物资运输的需求,提高能源供应链的整体韧性和安全性。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52104069)
  • 北京市自然科学基金(3232030)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2806200)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2022M713460)
  • 中国石油大学(北京)科学基金(2462023BJRC018)
  • 中国石油大学(北京)科学基金(2462020YXZZ045)
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.002
  • 接收时间:2024-01-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
  • 发布时间:2024-06-26
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-13
  • 修回日期:2024-03-28
基金
国家自然科学基金(52104069)
北京市自然科学基金(3232030)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2806200)
中国博士后科学基金(2022M713460)
中国石油大学(北京)科学基金(2462023BJRC018)
中国石油大学(北京)科学基金(2462020YXZZ045)
作者信息
    1.中国石油大学(北京)油气管道输送安全国家工程研究中心,城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室,石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.长江大学石油工程学院,武汉 430100

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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