Article(id=1156999964409815230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705075200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-13, revisedDate=1711641600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753779887534, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1719331200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753779887534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072570028, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1156999961176003006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='2', pageStart='4', pageEnd='135', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1718812800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753779886763, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776075083414, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Special Issue on Pipeline Transportation Engineering Science and Technology, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=管道运输工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=59, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156999964908937409, articleId=1156999964409815230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The vast expanse of the ocean floor holds abundant and crucial mineral resources vital for the advancement of human civilization. Thoughtful exploitation presents a significant opportunity to bolster the growth of China’s strategic emerging sectors. Long-distance pipeline style is the primary technical method for delivering these deep-sea mineral resources from the ocean floor to the surface. The extreme conditions of the deep sea, coupled with the complex requirements for medium transport, result in significant shortcomings in the efficiency and reliability of the existing mineral pipeline systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in deep-sea mineral resource transportation technology, both domestically and internationally. It examines the technical challenges of deep-sea long-distance mineral resources transportation in three main aspects: The marine pipelines, slurry pumps, and overall transport system. The article anticipates future progress in the design theories and technologies of the slurry system, the development of anti-clogging, wear-resistant and adjustable slurry pumps and valves, and the establishment of an environmentally friendly and cost-effective intelligent regulation model. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for strengthening basic research on complex multiphase medium transport, promoting full-depth engineering testing and application of the marine pipelines, advancing fluid dynamics design and transportation standards for deep-sea slurry transport, and continuously fostering the localization of fluid simulation analysis software.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zuchao ZHU, Xianghui SU, Jianxin XIA, Hao JIA, Kexin WU, Jianxin HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zuchao ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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深海蕴藏着人类社会发展所需的大量重要矿产资源,合理地开发利用可为中国战略性新兴产业发展提供有力支持。长距离管道是实现深海矿产资源从海底向水面输运的主要技术途径,深海极端环境和复杂的介质输运要求导致现有矿产资源管道系统在输运效率和可靠性方面存在明显不足。文章主要回顾了国内外深海矿产资源输运研究进展;从输运管道、混输泵和混输系统总体技术3个方面剖析了深海长距离矿产资源输运面临的技术挑战;展望了基于矿物-海水多相流输运系统设计理论与技术、防堵塞抗磨损可调节的混输泵阀等装备研制、建立环保和经济性的智能输运调节模式;在强化复杂多相介质输运基础研究、推动输运管道全水深工程试验和应用、推动深海采矿多相输运流体动力学设计和输运标准体系建设、持续推进多相流体动力学仿真分析软件平台研发方面提出了对策建议。

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朱祖超,教授,博士研究生导师。浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室主任。教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者,享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划杰出人才。主要从事特种离心泵的基础研究和技术开发应用。主持国家自然科学基金项目13项(其中重点项目4项)。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、省部级奖励一等奖5项和二等奖4项。出版专著10部。电子信箱:。

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朱祖超,教授,博士研究生导师。浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室主任。教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者,享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划杰出人才。主要从事特种离心泵的基础研究和技术开发应用。主持国家自然科学基金项目13项(其中重点项目4项)。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、省部级奖励一等奖5项和二等奖4项。出版专著10部。电子信箱:。

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朱祖超,教授,博士研究生导师。浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室主任。教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者,享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划杰出人才。主要从事特种离心泵的基础研究和技术开发应用。主持国家自然科学基金项目13项(其中重点项目4项)。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、省部级奖励一等奖5项和二等奖4项。出版专著10部。电子信箱:。

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There are abundant mineral resources beneath and on the seafloor. The rational development and utilization of deep-sea minerals is in line with the needs of economic development in China and is an important measure to ensure the security of China's strategic resources and the development of a high-quality marine economy. This paper reviews the progress of deep-sea mining technology at home and abroad and analyzes the key technical challenges and environmental challenges. It is suggested that the development of deep-sea mining should follow the principles of “green and environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, intelligent and efficient”. Efforts should be made to strengthen the top-level design of deep-sea mining systems, break through the bottlenecks in R&D of key technology and manufacturing of equipment, and improve the awareness for protection and the monitoring and repairing of deep-sea environment.Finally, this paper proposes to take advantage of China’s superior high-tech to strengthen independent innovation, create new opportunities for technology R&D and equipment manufacturing, and strengthen international cooperation to promote the sustainable use of deep-sea mineral resources, so as to cultivate the development of strategic new industries in deep-sea mining and build China into a strong maritime country.

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Marine Structures, 1992, 5(5): 399-429., articleTitle=A theoretical approach to prediction of service life of unbonded flexible pipes under dynamic loading conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673666302398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=122, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=26, authorNames=董磊磊, 张崎, 黄一, journalName=华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=董磊磊, 张崎, 黄一. 基于能量法的非黏合柔性立管轴对称响应分析[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 41(5): 122-126., articleTitle=基于能量法的非黏合柔性立管轴对称响应分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673720828351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=122, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Dong L L, Zhang Q, Huang Y, journalName=Huazhong University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong L L, Zhang Q, Huang Y. Energy approaches based axisymmetric analysis of unbonded flexible risers[J]. Huazhong University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 41(5): 122-126. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Energy approaches based axisymmetric analysis of unbonded flexible risers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673787937216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=28, authorNames=陆钰天, journalName=深水柔性立管截面力学模型与疲劳寿命分析研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆钰天. 深水柔性立管截面力学模型与疲劳寿命分析研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673842463169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Lu Y T, journalName=Research on cross-sectional mechanical model and fatigue life analysis of deepwater flexible risers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Y T. Research on cross-sectional mechanical model and fatigue life analysis of deepwater flexible risers[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2017. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673913766338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=30, authorNames=原帅, journalName=径向压力作用下非粘结柔性管极限承载力研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=原帅. 径向压力作用下非粘结柔性管极限承载力研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113673980875203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Yuan S, journalName=Ultimate capacity study for unbonded flexible pipes under pressures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan S. Ultimate capacity study for unbonded flexible pipes under pressures[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2017. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674039595460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=任少飞, journalName=非粘结柔性立管截面力学性能及典型失效特性研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任少飞. 非粘结柔性立管截面力学性能及典型失效特性研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674094121413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Ren S F, journalName=Study of cross-sectional mechanical properties and typical failure characteristics of unbounded flexible risers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ren S F. Study of cross-sectional mechanical properties and typical failure characteristics of unbounded flexible risers[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2015. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674173813190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=24, pageStart=2939, pageEnd=2944, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=邹伟生, 刘瑞仙, 刘少军, journalName=中国机械工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹伟生, 刘瑞仙, 刘少军. 粗颗粒海底矿石浆体提升电泵研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(24): 2939-2944., articleTitle=粗颗粒海底矿石浆体提升电泵研究, refAbstract=基于N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,提出了适用于深海采矿的粗颗粒高扬程提升电泵的优化设计方法,该方法由泵结构参数的优化设计、流动分析、特性预测和反求修正设计四部分构成。应用该方法进行了我国深海多金属结核采矿海试系统八级提升电泵的优化设计、流动分析与特性预测,将该八级提升电泵仿真模拟结果与我国研制的首台两级提升电泵实验结果进行对比,表明该泵能获得较好的工作特性指标,满足多金属结核采矿海试系统的要求,其单级扬程和效率有较大的提高,说明该优化设计方法是合理可行的。), Reference(id=1242113674240922055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=24, pageStart=2939, pageEnd=2944, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Zou W S, Liu R X, Liu S J, journalName=China Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou W S, Liu R X, Liu S J. Study on lifting motor pumps for coarse particle slurry in sea bed mining[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 30(24): 2939-2944. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on lifting motor pumps for coarse particle slurry in sea bed mining, refAbstract=The optimum design method was put forward based on the N-S equation and standard k-ε turbulence model for coarse particle and high head lifting motor pumps for deep sea mining, that included optimum design of pump structural parameters, flow analyses, performance parameter prediction and reverse revise design. Optimum design, flow analyses, performance parameter prediction of 8-stage lifting motor pumps were carried out for China' deep sea poly-metallic nodule mining pilot systems by using this design technique. Comparing this research results with the experimental ones of China' first 2-stage lifting motor pumps, it is shown that 8-stage lifting motor pump has nice performance parameters and satisfies requests for the deep sea mining pilot systems, the single-stage head and efficiency are improved, which shows that the optimum design is reasonable and feasible.), Reference(id=1242113674303836616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=1005, pageEnd=1020, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=36, authorNames=沈义俊, 陈敏芳, 杜燕连, journalName=力学与实践, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈义俊, 陈敏芳, 杜燕连, 等. 深海矿物资源开发系统关键力学问题及技术挑战[J]. 力学与实践, 2022, 44(5): 1005-1020., articleTitle=深海矿物资源开发系统关键力学问题及技术挑战, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674375139785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=1005, pageEnd=1020, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Shen Y J, Chen M F, Du Y L, journalName=Mechanics in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen Y J, Chen M F, Du Y L, et al. Key mechanical issues and technical challenges of deep-sea mining development system[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2022, 44(5): 1005-1020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Key mechanical issues and technical challenges of deep-sea mining development system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674433860042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=15, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=38, authorNames=符瑜, 曹斌, 夏建新, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=符瑜, 曹斌, 夏建新. 深海采矿系统浮力配置对集矿车受力状态的影响[J]. 矿冶工程, 2019, 39(2): 15-18., articleTitle=深海采矿系统浮力配置对集矿车受力状态的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674492580299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=15, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Fu Y, Cao B, Xia J X, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu Y, Cao B, Xia J X. Influence of parameter configuration of hose buoyancy for deep-sea mining system on the stress state of mining vehicle[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2019, 39(2): 15-18. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Influence of parameter configuration of hose buoyancy for deep-sea mining system on the stress state of mining vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674568077772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2938, pageEnd=2952, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=康娅娟, 王长伟, 刘少军, journalName=中国有色金属学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=康娅娟, 王长伟, 刘少军, 等. 深海多金属结核商业开采水下垂直提升方案[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2021, 31(10): 2938-2952., articleTitle=深海多金属结核商业开采水下垂直提升方案, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674626798029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=2938, pageEnd=2952, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Kang Y J, Wang C W, Liu S J, journalName=The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang Y J, Wang C W, Liu S J, et al. Underwater vertical lifting scheme for commercial mining of deep-sea poly-metallic nodules[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2021, 31(10): 2938-2952. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Underwater vertical lifting scheme for commercial mining of deep-sea poly-metallic nodules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674693906894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=660, pageEnd=667, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=42, authorNames=夏秋, 贾浩, 宿向辉, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏秋, 贾浩, 宿向辉, 等. 海底矿石颗粒水力采集运动特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2023, 44(3): 660-667., articleTitle=海底矿石颗粒水力采集运动特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674756821455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=660, pageEnd=667, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Xia Q, Jia H, Su X H, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia Q, Jia H, Su X H, et al. Motion characterization of seabed ore particle in hydraulic collecting[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(3): 660-667. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Motion characterization of seabed ore particle in hydraulic collecting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674811347408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=603, pageEnd=606, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=44, authorNames=邹燚, 曹斌, 夏建新, journalName=力学与实践, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹燚, 曹斌, 夏建新. 深海采矿中试系统水力提升管道水击压力分析[J]. 力学与实践, 2015, 37(5): 603-606., articleTitle=深海采矿中试系统水力提升管道水击压力分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674878456273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=603, pageEnd=606, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Zou Y, Cao B, Xia J X, journalName=Mechanics in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou Y, Cao B, Xia J X. Water hammer pressure of hydraulic lifting pipeline in seep-sea mining pilot system[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2015, 37(5): 603-606. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Water hammer pressure of hydraulic lifting pipeline in seep-sea mining pilot system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113674941370834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=10, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=关英杰, 郑皓, 宿向辉, journalName=矿冶工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=关英杰, 郑皓, 宿向辉, 等. 垂直管道内粗颗粒运动特性数值模拟[J]. 矿冶工程, 2019, 39(2): 10-14., articleTitle=垂直管道内粗颗粒运动特性数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113675004285395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=10, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Guan Y J, Zheng H, Su X H, journalName=Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan Y J, Zheng H, Su X H, et al. Numerical simulation of trajectory of coarse particle motion in vertical pipeline[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2019, 39(2): 10-14. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation of trajectory of coarse particle motion in vertical pipeline, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242113670189224351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, awardId=2021YFC280080, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFC280080), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113670247944608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, awardId=2021YFC2801503, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113670302470561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, awardId=52071296, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52071296), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113670365385122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, awardId=62222601, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(62222601), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242113670424105379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, awardId=2023C04034, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省重点研发计划(2023C04034), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113665898451264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113665906839872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999964409815230, companyId=1242113665898451264, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望
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朱祖超 1, † , 宿向辉 1 , 夏建新 2 , 贾浩 1 , 吴渴欣 1 , 胡建新 1
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024,3(2): 59-68
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024, 3(2): 59-68
深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望
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朱祖超1, † , 宿向辉1, 夏建新2, 贾浩1, 吴渴欣1, 胡建新1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室,杭州 310018
  • 2.中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院,北京 100084
  • 朱祖超,教授,博士研究生导师。浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室主任。教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者,享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,浙江省高层次人才特殊支持计划杰出人才。主要从事特种离心泵的基础研究和技术开发应用。主持国家自然科学基金项目13项(其中重点项目4项)。获国家科学技术进步奖二等奖1项、省部级奖励一等奖5项和二等奖4项。出版专著10部。电子信箱:。

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Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development
Zuchao ZHU1, † , Xianghui SU1, Jianxin XIA2, Hao JIA1, Kexin WU1, Jianxin HU1
Affiliations
  • 1. National and Local Joint Laboratory of Fluid Transfer Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • 2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006
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深海蕴藏着人类社会发展所需的大量重要矿产资源,合理地开发利用可为中国战略性新兴产业发展提供有力支持。长距离管道是实现深海矿产资源从海底向水面输运的主要技术途径,深海极端环境和复杂的介质输运要求导致现有矿产资源管道系统在输运效率和可靠性方面存在明显不足。文章主要回顾了国内外深海矿产资源输运研究进展;从输运管道、混输泵和混输系统总体技术3个方面剖析了深海长距离矿产资源输运面临的技术挑战;展望了基于矿物-海水多相流输运系统设计理论与技术、防堵塞抗磨损可调节的混输泵阀等装备研制、建立环保和经济性的智能输运调节模式;在强化复杂多相介质输运基础研究、推动输运管道全水深工程试验和应用、推动深海采矿多相输运流体动力学设计和输运标准体系建设、持续推进多相流体动力学仿真分析软件平台研发方面提出了对策建议。

深海采矿  /  矿物输运  /  管道技术  /  混输泵技术

The vast expanse of the ocean floor holds abundant and crucial mineral resources vital for the advancement of human civilization. Thoughtful exploitation presents a significant opportunity to bolster the growth of China’s strategic emerging sectors. Long-distance pipeline style is the primary technical method for delivering these deep-sea mineral resources from the ocean floor to the surface. The extreme conditions of the deep sea, coupled with the complex requirements for medium transport, result in significant shortcomings in the efficiency and reliability of the existing mineral pipeline systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in deep-sea mineral resource transportation technology, both domestically and internationally. It examines the technical challenges of deep-sea long-distance mineral resources transportation in three main aspects: The marine pipelines, slurry pumps, and overall transport system. The article anticipates future progress in the design theories and technologies of the slurry system, the development of anti-clogging, wear-resistant and adjustable slurry pumps and valves, and the establishment of an environmentally friendly and cost-effective intelligent regulation model. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for strengthening basic research on complex multiphase medium transport, promoting full-depth engineering testing and application of the marine pipelines, advancing fluid dynamics design and transportation standards for deep-sea slurry transport, and continuously fostering the localization of fluid simulation analysis software.

deep-sea mining  /  mineral transportation  /  pipeline technology  /  slurry pumps technology
朱祖超, 宿向辉, 夏建新, 贾浩, 吴渴欣, 胡建新. 深海矿产资源输运与装备发展现状与展望. 前瞻科技, 2024 , 3 (2) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006
Zuchao ZHU, Xianghui SU, Jianxin XIA, Hao JIA, Kexin WU, Jianxin HU. Current Status and Prospects on Deep-sea Mineral Resources Transportation and Equipment Development[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024 , 3 (2) : 59 -68 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006
深海蕴藏着资源量巨大的多金属锰结核、多金属硫化物、富钴结壳、深海稀土等矿产资源,其所富含的镍、钴、钐等陆地稀有元素,可为战略性新兴产业的快速发展提供原材料[1](图1)。深海矿产资源(简称矿物)开发涉及庞大的技术分支和装备体系,既是海洋技术发展的制高点,也是世界各国尖端科技竞争的前沿阵地[2]。多金属结核为形似马铃薯的团块状矿物,直径为4~10 cm,呈二维平面状赋存于深海沉积物上部空间,主要分布在水深4 000~6 000 m的深海盆地。多金属硫化物呈块状海山形态,主要分布在1 500~3 000 m水深的大洋中脊和弧后盆地,由金属含量很高的海底热液喷发所形成。富钴结壳主要分布在800~2 500 m水深的海山斜坡和山顶,附着在硬质基岩的表面。
从3种深海矿物的全球分布水平来看,多金属结核的赋存深度较深,分布往往远离大陆架。例如,矿物丰度较高的C-C矿区位于遥远的太平洋腹地。多金属硫化物单个矿床的面积较小,分布多接近于临海国家的专属经济区。富钴结壳也有类似的分布特征。截至2023年,已有美国、中国、日本、加拿大、印度等多个国家与国际海底管理局(International Seabed Authority, ISA)签订了30余个深海矿产资源勘探开发合同。其中,中国与ISA签订了5份矿区勘探合同,包括东太平洋和西太平洋的3个多金属结核矿区,西南印度洋的1个多金属硫化物矿区,以及西北太平洋的1个富钴结壳矿区,共计23.2万km2,具备了全方位开发多金属结核、多金属硫化物和富钴结壳等矿产资源的基础。
深海矿产资源开发的技术型式主要是采矿船、垂直输运管道和海底采矿车协同作业的模式。多金属结核半掩埋于海底平面,由集矿车通过水力或机械的方式收集并送入管道;多金属硫化物和富钴结壳需要先用切割刀头将矿物从基岩剥离、破碎、收集,再送入输运管道。因海底矿物种类、赋存的水深和海底地形不同,采掘这些矿产资源的装备和工艺存在较大差异,但将矿产资源从海底提升到海面采矿船的输运技术是相似的[3⇓-5]。目前,管道运输方式是采矿工程试验中广为认可的输运方式,包含气力提升系统和水力提升系统两种类型(图2[5])。气力提升系统的原理是通过水面母船上的压缩机,将高压气体注入到深海采矿管道的下端,形成一定速度的管内上升流,进而完成矿物的垂直输运。水力提升系统则是通过管道中央的高扬程混输泵,实现垂直输运功能。
聚焦矿产资源输运系统的硬件组成,其基本组成单元是底部的给料系统(布置于集矿车或者中继舱上)、中部的混输泵(或者注气装置)、贯穿于海底和海面之间的管道及其控制单元。矿物从给料机进入输运系统后,在管道内不同粒径级配的矿物、沉积物和海水相互混合,形成复杂的多尺度多相流。同时,该系统无时无刻不被复杂的风浪流等外部环境所影响,采矿管道、混输泵和整体输运系统可靠性就显得极为关键和重要。
深海矿产资源输运管道内颗粒粒径通常为20~50 mm。如何在这段漫长的输运距离中克服温差、高压、腐蚀和恶劣的海洋风浪流等因素的影响,用最大提升能力、最高提升效率、最安全和稳定的提升方法将海底矿物输运到海面,是矿产资源管道输运技术必须解决的问题[6]。
管道的空间构型和姿态安全。深海矿产资源开采系统中输运管道可分为刚性硬管和柔性软管。矿物输运管道在工作过程中承受各种复杂的载荷作用,包括重力、浮力、海水阻力、海水压力、海流作用力及内流作用力等,若要在海水中进行安全输运必须维持自身的空间构型平衡。管道轴向拉力、曲率分布、浮力位置、浮力比和采矿车的运动对管道空间构型和力学响应都有影响[7]。在这方面,目前国内外的研究主要从管道受力和对上下游的影响两方面开展[8⇓⇓-11],包括中南大学对“S”形柔性软管空间构形的动力学行为和对集矿机行驶特性的研究;湘潭大学用改进的悬链线理论来计算柔性软管参数、海洋风浪流和集矿车的关联效应等。
管道内部流动和输运控制。深海矿产资源输运管道在工作过程中,除承受外部各种复杂的载荷作用外,也会受到内部矿浆流动对管道产生的作用力。管道在内外流动的共同作用下可能使输运柔性软管的应力、应变、构型等发生较大的变化,从而影响输运柔性软管的正常工作,导致整个深海采矿系统不能正常运转。国内外相关研究涵盖粗颗粒-海水两相输运模型、输运状态的动态响应、输运参数与管道内外应力的关联等方面[12⇓⇓⇓-16]。一个显著的结论是不稳定的管道内流对管道的整体力学行为影响有限,也难以改变柔性软管的主振模态,但对沿管体的振动强度影响显著。
管道的材料和截面结构。深海刚性硬管的结构相对简单,柔性软管则设计和制造复杂。深海柔性软管是由不同材料和截面组成的多层复杂结构,其每一层都设计成具有特定的功能来承担不同的载荷,包括管道内部矿物颗粒对管壁的冲击、外部复杂多变的水力冲击、高盐富氧海水环境带来的管道磨损与腐蚀,以及涡激振动等问题。深海柔性软管的材料和截面设计难度极高,近年来许多学者对柔性软管的截面静力分析和整体动力响应、布局结构受力分析、软管疲劳性能及涡激振动等方面进行了大量的研究[17⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-23]。目前,计算分析可以较准确地获得柔性软管截面各层之间的接触压力、管道的临界曲率,以及弯曲刚度、极限承受压力、失效预测等,但成品的制造精度和寿命还难以保证。
在利用数千米长的管道垂直输运系统矿物时,为了最大限度地减少技术的不确定性,需要在成本密集型商业规模投资之前,对提升系统的工艺参数和核心装备进行深入研究和大量测试。混输系统复杂的工艺参数,包含矿物颗粒粒径、矿浆体积浓度、矿浆流量、矿浆输运速度、管道输运损失和水力坡度等。一般认为,输运矿浆体积浓度不能超过15%[24]。除了介质和工艺的复杂性,还有装备的可靠性问题,主要包括粗颗粒在混输泵内的低速堆积、过流壁面的磨损、转子系统故障,以及紧急工况下的流动保障问题。从采矿混输泵的结构和分类来看,主体分为离心式和容积式两类(图3)。前者在通用潜水泵的基础上,针对矿物通过性和泵体使用寿命的要求,做了适应性改进,以适应于垂直管道运输中粗颗粒、高扬程、轴向流的输运特征。后者在研发方面,加拿大鹦鹉螺矿产有限公司(Nautilus Minerals Inc.)的硫化物系统采用了隔膜泵,但是未有后续试验和应用。总体而言,离心式泵效率高,但是通过性和输运浓度受到制约;容积式泵理论上可输运比较高的固相浓度。这两种结构均面临着磨损和可靠性方面的技术挑战[3]。
采矿输运系统复杂,除了验证单体的可靠性,还需考虑系统各单元的兼容性,以及真实的原位矿区环境的影响。因此,综合的输运系统工程试验非常重要,尤其是原位海试直接反映了采矿技术能力[25⇓-27]。
2006年,加拿大鹦鹉螺矿产有限公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区内水深1 800 m处圈定了一片多金属硫化物矿区,设计了硫化物输运系统,拉开了新世纪深海采矿海试的序幕。2021年,比利时全球海洋矿产资源公司(Global Sea Mineral Resources, GSR)启动合同区的集矿机海试,在太平洋C-C矿区成功采集多金属结核。2022年10月,加拿大国际金属公司(The Metals Company, TMC)利用一套4 300 m管道提升系统开展了原位结核采集输运试验,迈出了商业开采的重要一步(图4(a)[4])。中国自20世纪80年代末开始深海采矿管道输运技术研发,针对多金属结核开展技术攻关,兼顾富钴结壳和多金属硫化物。中国经历了技术方案研发、陆上验证、海上单体试验以及系统联合海试等阶段。“八五”和“九五”(1991—2000年)期间围绕矿物提升开展了大量基础试验,建立了深海采矿矿浆泵水力管道提升试验数据库,后续进展包括2001年135 m水深的采矿系统湖试;2016年南海500 m级矿浆水下循环试验;2021年深海矿产智能化混输系统;2022年南海1 300 m级全系统采矿联动试验(图4(b))。这些技术进步使中国的采矿管道运输技术在国际上总体处于第一梯度跟跑的水平。
深海长距离矿产资源输运的管道系统是一个极其复杂的装备系统,技术难点是如何安全、稳定、高效地将采矿车采集到的矿物输运至海面的采矿船。输运系统组成设备众多,包括管道(硬管和软管)、混输泵、阀门、中继舱及给料机等,深海极端恶劣的工作环境条件将会极大影响各设备的正常工作,尤其海洋风浪和内波会对结构的可靠性提出挑战。长距离输运过程中内部流场的颗粒尾流和漩涡演化发展[28],外部复杂载荷作用下内部矿浆流动对管壁的作用力[29],颗粒和颗粒群在管道内的运动规律、输运速度、能量损失等[30]因素导致的力学特性的改变会显著影响其工作状态。总体上,原位条件下的深海长距离矿产资源输运面临着严峻的技术挑战。
输运管道的空间构型极为重要,既要承担海底作业机构传输的、剧烈波动的矿浆介质,又要以合理的空间姿态衔接采集机构和中继舱硬管系统,尽可能释放对于采集车的约束,抵挡外部复杂海况下的海流作用和管道升沉效应。因此,亟须开展不同构型及振动边界条件下输运特性研究,以及内外流对管道载荷的影响评估分析、内外流及平台运动联合作用下输运管道流固耦合动力响应研究,为深海采矿混输管道空间构型设计提供技术支撑。
混输管道系统工作时,海流会引起管道两侧产生交替的漩涡脱落并引起周期性的涡激振动,进一步导致管道的疲劳损伤,且管道振动会控制漩涡脱落并会伴随有更强烈的振动和更大的振幅,进一步加剧深海管道的疲劳损伤。目前,针对这种深水恶劣条件下的管道涡激抑制技术还不完备。因此,未来应重点研究外部环境荷载作用下管道涡激振动的响应机理,建立精确的非线性管道涡激振动模型,提出行之有效的涡激抑制措施和技术。
管道内部矿物粗颗粒对管壁的冲击、外部复杂多变的洋流冲击与高盐富氧的海水环境都会使输运管道受到严重磨损与腐蚀。此外,海面采矿母船运动和波浪作用产生局部的高交变应力等各种复杂原因导致的管道破坏与失效都对材料的性能提出了巨大的挑战。目前,在深水耐磨耐压管道方面,国内产品与国外同类技术水平相差还较大。因此,需要研发高强度耐磨的新材料及其制备技术,设计高强度耐高压轻量化复合增强层,开发抗蠕变纤维低成本短流程制造技术与装备,为输运管道系统的稳定性与安全性提供可靠的材料。
深海长距离矿产资源输运亟须解决大颗粒多相混输的问题。混输泵包含动静部件。由于多级增压流道冗长,粗颗粒极易聚集于叶轮入口处和局部低速区,堵塞严重时可能导致混输泵故障,影响整个采矿系统的有效运行。国内相关研发大多仍停留在泵水力参数和缩比模型研究方面,深入的关联性研究和工程应用远远不够。因此,在混输泵水力设计时要综合考虑介质参数、运行参数和流道几何参数对于泵性能的影响,多学科综合地开展流道优化设计,考虑工况、物性和几何参数等建立内流特性和过流能力的加权函数,明确不同参数对性能的影响权重并改进设计,解决大颗粒多相流无堵塞技术瓶颈。
在多相输运过程中,介质与混输泵过流壁面的磨蚀尤为严重,转轮等位置处颗粒的速度显著高于流体,其对于叶轮外缘和导叶进口处的物理冲击,结合壁面磨损处的电化学反应,将产生远大于管道内的磨损效应,严重影响着混输泵过流部件的寿命,且磨损部件的更换在水下难以实施。要提高抗磨损特性,需要从水力和结构两方面入手,可以考虑采用可靠耐磨的多层复合材质,也可以采用主动流动控制策略,改变流场特性,驱使颗粒远离壁面或者减小冲击,从而延长使用寿命。未来需建立合适的碰撞反弹模型来描述颗粒与壁面以及颗粒和颗粒之间的相互作用,建立表征磨损程度的量化指标,解决流道磨损和管道使用寿命不足的弊病。
深海长距离矿产资源输运系统中单级混输泵难以满足高扬程要求,导致多级结构冗长易发生颗粒堵塞,同时还有运维方面的困难。因此,未来需开发一些新型可靠的模块化设计方法,包括多源驱动的电机型式,既能消除电机扭矩,又能够在更为宽广的区域工作,适配不同的水深和介质类型。这方面的技术进步需引入电机、控制领域的新技术,对标商业化的混输泵要求,可将海军舰艇的无轴泵推技术引入深海长距离混输泵领域,将叶轮和电机转子实现一体化耦合,研发兼具结构可靠和颗粒通过性的新型模块化结构设计技术。
深海采矿混输系统贯穿数千米,作为庞大的水下生产系统,除了高可靠性的管道技术和高通畅高效的混输泵技术,在总体技术层面更应当具备绿色和智能的属性。绿色环保、内部输运智能调控、外部管道姿态智能控制,内外兼备才能满足未来的深海采矿商业化开采需要。
深海环境保护是深海资源开发的前提,也是未来获得深海采矿商业化开采许可的先决条件。矿产资源输运系统也应当尽可能减少对环境的影响。一些积极的环保措施应该被鼓励。例如,采用粗颗粒进行输运,尽可能减少矿物破碎产生的粉化微粒,既可以提高矿物的回收率,也可以减少排放尾水中的颗粒物;采用尾水深排,或者多级逐层排水,保证不同深度的海水微生物不发生互换,同时尽可能减小尾水排放羽状流扩散范围;强化泵管系统的密封性,防范泄漏等。此外,输运系统应该更好地与上游采集系统协作,在“怎么采、采哪些、运哪些”方面做一些科学合理的筛选,实现采矿系统的绿色生产。同时,未来需要重点强化原位采矿环境影响的试验,多方位多角度监测环评数据,为绿色采矿输运系统的总体设计提供支持。
混输系统在实际运行中首要解决的是安全问题。从设备组成上看,泵阀和给料系统也只是输运的关键单元和节点,更多的载体是管道。泵管和控制单元安全有效协同是系统设计时需要重点关注的。输运安全的保障除了设备和单体的安全设计保障,更需要系统层面的调控。因此,实现智能调控,保障长管道系统的内外安全将是输运系统总体设计的关键。其内涵有二:一是管道外部动力学的安全,二是管道内部多相混输的输运安全。为此,首先需要全面感知和掌握系统的实时状态,包括管道形态、管道扭矩和振动、混输泵性能等外部参数,以及混输管道内压力、浓度、流速等内部参数。其次需要建立和完善迅捷的数据传输、智能算法和控制系统,实现长距离分布式的信号传输、系统输运状态诊断和智能调控,保障管道内矿物过流通畅,实现安全高效的输运。
综上,亟待从关键理论、技术、标准和试验验证层面,探索高可靠性输运长管道设计理论,特别是考虑管道内外流的多参数多场影响机制,并结合混输泵矿物多相流水力设计技术,提出从基础理论到单体泵阀等装备设计、再到整体系统匹配应用的设计方法,推动深海矿物管道输运的发展和应用。
深海矿产资源输运与装备开发是海洋工程领域的新兴产业。中国需持续推进关键核心技术攻关,加快推进重大科研平台建设。针对深海矿产资源开采环境的特殊条件和混输过程中面临的复杂问题,亟须将技术开发与基础研究相结合,通过深入研究固液两相流动的规律,加强输运系统的设计和开发。开展多学科交叉交流,将机械通用技术与海洋工程技术相结合、研发过程中实验室缩比试验与原位海试相结合、海底勘探与生态环境监测相结合等,开发多系统协同作业的深海矿产资源输运系统,构建节能、环保和高效等多源融合的深海矿产资源商业化开采方案方案。
1)基于矿物-海水多相流输运系统设计理论与技术
在深海矿产资源输运管道中,海底沉积物、矿物颗粒和海水所形成的固液两相流矿浆十分特殊且复杂。建立多相流的分析模型和试验系统,研究粗颗粒在泵体内运动轨迹、分布规律、通过时间等,凝练高扬程和过粗颗粒泵参数匹配和优化原则是未来需要深入研究的首要问题。对于矿浆混输泵设计,必须明确固液两相混合浆体扬程与清水扬程的关系式,建立精确的矿浆多相输运模型和参数匹配模型,厘清颗粒体积浓度和粒径、管道内径以及产量对提升系统的综合影响,进一步因地制宜地配置整体输运参数,达到高效稳定的效果。
2)防堵塞抗磨损可调节的混输泵阀等装备研制
针对粗颗粒固液两相流体提升技术开发,结合深海矿产资源开发提升系统工艺条件,建立固液两相流管道提升试验系统。利用试验系统分析粗颗粒在管道运输过程中的运动形式,非均匀粗颗粒在管道断面中的分布特征,固液两相混合介质流变特性及水击特征,浆体管道运输压力与阻力变化特点等,揭示复杂条件下矿物在管道中输运工作特性,并着重突破无轴多级驱动模块化混输泵结构设计新技术,从根本上消除磨损与颗粒堵塞顽疾,实现高效与高通畅性。同时,紧跟大数据、互联互通和智能融合等前沿领域,对采集、转运、输运等动态过程设计控制器,并优化模型控制参数来协调各生产环节,构建一个多装备协同作业控制体系,确保深海矿产资源输运系统高效安全地运行。
3)建立环保和经济性的智能输运调节模式
以绿色环境保护为目标,建立生态环境监测和评估系统,研究深海采矿多尺度物理过程影响下重要生态过程的反应,研究环境压力下生物多样性的变化和关键物种种群的动态变化,并在此基础上进行深海矿产资源开发系统的海上试验,以满足采矿作业的环境要求,实现绿色开采。传统输运系统的状态监测大多面向特定设备和特定监测参量,各类监测数据之间相互独立、信息割裂,输运系统面临的不确定性将显著增加。随着数字化建模技术、先进传感量测技术、多源融合的状态监测技术的广泛应用,必将实现深海矿产资源输运系统协同作业的智能调节技术,构建输运智能调节技术与智能高效运维设备相互促进共同发展的新趋势。
为构建面向深海原位的、商业化开发的深海矿产资源输运管道系统,提出以下建议。
(1)强化复杂多相介质长距离输运基础研究,推动技术创新。落实海洋强国战略,结合深海矿产资源管道运输系统技术要求,制定复杂多相流基础研究和长距离管道运输技术发展顶层规划,充分发挥高校、科研院所理论与基础研究优势作用,联合行业关键企业,全面推动矿物输运系统“产-学-研-用”创新链发展,实现深海矿产资源管道运输系统协同设计理论及技术全面突破。
(2)推动输运管道的全水深工程试验和应用,加快油气和矿物浅水管道运输新技术试点应用和深水工程试验链的构建。从国家层面建立推动长距离管道水下输运机制。选取近海油气采输、铁砂矿开采和浅水钻探等产业基础较好的应用场景,加快新技术新装备的验证和引用,持续迭代和完善从水下管道运输系统到关键装备的设计、应用和运维技术,逐步推动新技术新装备在深海矿产资源输运领域的工程试验,建立全水深的多相混输系统测试和体系化试验修正与反演准则的构建,为未来原位和商业化的大规模采矿开发奠定基础。
(3)推动深海采矿多相输运流体动力学设计和输运标准体系建设,掌握国际水下管道运输技术指标体系话语权。强化管道运输系统动力学和控制工程的交叉融通,从管道-矿物-环境等层面研究提出管道内外流载荷约束下的泵管多相试验技术、性能评估指标、关键水力参数等流体动力学设计相关技术标准体系。
(4)持续推进多相流体动力学仿真分析软件平台研发,突破国外技术封锁,解决流体动力学仿真分析软件“卡脖子”问题。通过自主研发多相复杂介质理论和数值模型,开发功能先进、高精度的流体动力学仿真分析软件系统,构建拥有自主知识产权的高性能、高精度、世界一流水平的多相流体动力学仿真分析软件,为中国深海矿产资源管道运输系统水力设计提供自主可控的高效仿真评估工具。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC280080)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801503)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52071296)
  • 国家自然科学基金(62222601)
  • 浙江省重点研发计划(2023C04034)
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2024年第3卷第2期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.006
  • 接收时间:2024-01-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
  • 发布时间:2024-06-26
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-13
  • 修回日期:2024-03-29
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC280080)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2801503)
国家自然科学基金(52071296)
国家自然科学基金(62222601)
浙江省重点研发计划(2023C04034)
作者信息
    1.浙江理工大学流体传输系统技术国家地方联合实验室,杭州 310018
    2.中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院,北京 100084

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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