Article(id=1156999961863868864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705075200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-13, revisedDate=1711641600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753779886928, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1719331200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753779886928, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072569736, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1156999961176003006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='2', pageStart='4', pageEnd='135', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1718812800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753779886763, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776075083414, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Special Issue on Pipeline Transportation Engineering Science and Technology, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=管道运输工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=69, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156999962337825218, articleId=1156999961863868864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Application Technologies and Prospects of Offshore Flexible Pipes, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the development of offshore oil and gas resources ventures into deeper waters, the environmental loads escalate significantly, which presents formidable challenges to the operational safety and maintenance costs of offshore pipelines. Compared with conventional steel pipes, offshore flexible pipes have the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, great flexibility, and high installation efficiency, thus becoming pivotal equipment for the transportation of offshore oil and gas. This article reviewed the current state of three application technologies of offshore flexible pipes, including submarine flexible pipes, offshore flexible risers, and low-temperature transportation flexible pipes for liquefied natural gas. It also analyzed the challenges in the research and application of offshore flexible pipes and proposed development trends and suggestions for offshore flexible pipe transportation technologies.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chao ZHANG, Menglan DUAN, Miaoer LIU, Fangqiu LI, Yanfei CHEN, Yu ZHANG, Chen AN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Menglan DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
†
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1157000001420350439, articleId=1156999961863868864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=海洋软管应用技术与展望, columnId=1148708266483446458, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=综述与述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着海洋油气资源开发水深的加大,环境载荷会显著增加,对海洋管道的运行安全及运维成本造成重大挑战。与传统钢管相比,海洋软管具有耐腐蚀性能强、柔韧性好、安装效率高等优势,是海洋油气输送的重要装备。文章综述了海底软管、海洋柔性立管、液化天然气低温软管3种海洋软管应用技术的发展现状,梳理了海洋软管研发和应用中面临的难题和挑战,并提出了海洋软管输送技术的发展趋势与建议。

, authors=

张超,博士,教授级高级工程师。中海石油气电集团有限责任公司总工程师兼技术研发中心主任。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主要从事液化天然气领域科技工作。获省部级奖励23项。获全国石油石化系统创新先进人物、中国海油十大科技人物荣誉。主持或参与制定国家标准和行业标准7部。出版专著4部,发表论文46篇,授权发明专利74件。电子信箱:。

段梦兰,清华大学长聘教授,“鹏城孔雀计划”特聘岗位A类。清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院副院长。国际船舶与海洋结构大会(ISSC)水下技术委员会首任主席,国际水下技术学会(SUT)中国分会创始主席,中国海洋发展研究会海洋工程分会理事长等。Modern Subsea Engineering and Technology主编,Ships and Offshore Structures、Maritime Systems and Ocean Technology副主编。主要从事海洋工程研究。获国家科技进步奖二等奖、中国钢结构协会科学技术奖特等奖、中国石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖、中国航海学会科学技术进步奖一等奖、中国发明协会发明创业奖一等奖、教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)自然科学奖二等奖等。电子信箱:。

, authorsList=张超, 段梦兰, 刘淼儿, 李方遒, 陈严飞, 张玉, 安晨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=段梦兰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
†
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bSjkDrOKw6XrQT+T6EyUQA==, magXml=sPadin42fPfUOjH12aM0aA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UEkS7CeWSIFCrhI081kgIA==, pdfFileSize=2268732, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=k2nTf49JTV1NWUEOrUX6ZQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zmpz+RWdopvJyyMWUxtHlw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242113661179859164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangchao5@cnooc.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661242773726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661179859164, language=EN, stringName=Chao ZHANG, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661309882592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661179859164, language=CN, stringName=张超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio={"img":"8YKgjP1UosS23F+kuIMcGw==","content":"

张超,博士,教授级高级工程师。中海石油气电集团有限责任公司总工程师兼技术研发中心主任。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主要从事液化天然气领域科技工作。获省部级奖励23项。获全国石油石化系统创新先进人物、中国海油十大科技人物荣誉。主持或参与制定国家标准和行业标准7部。出版专著4部,发表论文46篇,授权发明专利74件。电子信箱:。

"}, bioImg=8YKgjP1UosS23F+kuIMcGw==, bioContent=

张超,博士,教授级高级工程师。中海石油气电集团有限责任公司总工程师兼技术研发中心主任。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主要从事液化天然气领域科技工作。获省部级奖励23项。获全国石油石化系统创新先进人物、中国海油十大科技人物荣誉。主持或参与制定国家标准和行业标准7部。出版专著4部,发表论文46篇,授权发明专利74件。电子信箱:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113660873674955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660882063564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660890452173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1242113661368602850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mlduan@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661431517412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661368602850, language=EN, stringName=Menglan DUAN, firstName=Menglan, middleName=null, lastName=DUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, †, address=2. Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661486043365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661368602850, language=CN, stringName=段梦兰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, †, address=2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055, bio={"img":"yVV7Jb1cjGvOnWlyjIHlSA==","content":"

段梦兰,清华大学长聘教授,“鹏城孔雀计划”特聘岗位A类。清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院副院长。国际船舶与海洋结构大会(ISSC)水下技术委员会首任主席,国际水下技术学会(SUT)中国分会创始主席,中国海洋发展研究会海洋工程分会理事长等。Modern Subsea Engineering and Technology主编,Ships and Offshore Structures、Maritime Systems and Ocean Technology副主编。主要从事海洋工程研究。获国家科技进步奖二等奖、中国钢结构协会科学技术奖特等奖、中国石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖、中国航海学会科学技术进步奖一等奖、中国发明协会发明创业奖一等奖、教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)自然科学奖二等奖等。电子信箱:。

"}, bioImg=yVV7Jb1cjGvOnWlyjIHlSA==, bioContent=

段梦兰,清华大学长聘教授,“鹏城孔雀计划”特聘岗位A类。清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院副院长。国际船舶与海洋结构大会(ISSC)水下技术委员会首任主席,国际水下技术学会(SUT)中国分会创始主席,中国海洋发展研究会海洋工程分会理事长等。Modern Subsea Engineering and Technology主编,Ships and Offshore Structures、Maritime Systems and Ocean Technology副主编。主要从事海洋工程研究。获国家科技进步奖二等奖、中国钢结构协会科学技术奖特等奖、中国石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖、中国航海学会科学技术进步奖一等奖、中国发明协会发明创业奖一等奖、教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)自然科学奖二等奖等。电子信箱:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113660944978127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660953366736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660944978127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660957561041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660944978127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055)])]), Author(id=1242113661561540840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661628649707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661561540840, language=EN, stringName=Miaoer LIU, firstName=Miaoer, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661695758573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661561540840, language=CN, stringName=刘淼儿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113660873674955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660882063564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660890452173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1242113661754478832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661829976306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661754478832, language=EN, stringName=Fangqiu LI, firstName=Fangqiu, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113661892890868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661754478832, language=CN, stringName=李方遒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113660873674955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660882063564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660890452173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1242113661976776951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113662094217465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661976776951, language=EN, stringName=Yanfei CHEN, firstName=Yanfei, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113662157132027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113661976776951, language=CN, stringName=陈严飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113661020475603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661028864212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661020475603, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661037252822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661020475603, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249)])]), Author(id=1242113662220046590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113662291349761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113662220046590, language=EN, stringName=Yu ZHANG, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113662345875715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113662220046590, language=CN, stringName=张玉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113661104361687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661108555992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661116944601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249)])]), Author(id=1242113662417178886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242113663901962505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113662417178886, language=EN, stringName=Chen AN, firstName=Chen, middleName=null, lastName=AN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242113663973265675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, authorId=1242113662417178886, language=CN, stringName=安晨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113661104361687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661108555992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661116944601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242113664103289102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=offshore oil and gas transportation), Keyword(id=1242113664182980880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=flexible risers), Keyword(id=1242113664245895442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=submarine flexible pipes), Keyword(id=1242113664313004308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=low-temperature flexible pipes for liquefied natural gas), Keyword(id=1242113664384307478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=海洋油气输送), Keyword(id=1242113664451416344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=柔性立管), Keyword(id=1242113664526913818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=海底软管), Keyword(id=1242113664585634077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=液化天然气低温软管)], refs=[Reference(id=1242113665625821496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Figueredo A K M, Coelho D G, Miranda P P, journalName=Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Figueredo A K M, Coelho D G, Miranda P P, et al. Subsea pipelines incidents prevention: A case study in Brazil[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2023, 83, doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2023.105007., articleTitle=Subsea pipelines incidents prevention: A case study in Brazil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113665688736058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Lu H, Vaz M A, Caire M, journalName=Marine Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu H, Vaz M A, Caire M. A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads[J]. Marine Structures, 2020, 74, doi: 10.1016/j.ms.2020.102826., articleTitle=A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113665751650620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=赵天奉, journalName=高温海底管道温度应力计算与屈曲模拟研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵天奉. 高温海底管道温度应力计算与屈曲模拟研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113665835536702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Zhao T F, journalName=Temperature stress calculation and buckling simulation research of high temperature subsea pipeline, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao T F. Temperature stress calculation and buckling simulation research of high temperature subsea pipeline[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2008. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113665898451265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Guha I, White D J, Randolph M F, journalName=Applied Ocean Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guha I, White D J, Randolph M F. Parametric solution of lateral buckling of submarine pipelines[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2020, 98, doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2020.102077., articleTitle=Parametric solution of lateral buckling of submarine pipelines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113665965560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Liu S, Li H, Wang B, journalName=Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu S, Li H, Wang B, et al. Accelerating gas production of the depressurization-induced natural gas hydrate by electrical heating[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208, doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109735., articleTitle=Accelerating gas production of the depressurization-induced natural gas hydrate by electrical heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666028474696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Liang B, Zhang J, Liu X, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang B, Zhang J, Liu X. Nonlinear hysteretic modeling and parameter identification of steel strip winding reinforced composite pipe[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2021, 235, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108704., articleTitle=Nonlinear hysteretic modeling and parameter identification of steel strip winding reinforced composite pipe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666099777868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Lei Q, Chen C, Zhu X, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lei Q, Chen C, Zhu X. Tensile failure behavior of unbonded flexible riser with damaged tensile armor wires[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 267, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113112., articleTitle=Tensile failure behavior of unbonded flexible riser with damaged tensile armor wires, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666179469646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=122, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=陈严飞, 何明畅, 宗优, journalName=天然气工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈严飞, 何明畅, 宗优, 等. 非粘结柔性软管失效模式与控制措施研究进展[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(11): 122-131., articleTitle=非粘结柔性软管失效模式与控制措施研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666242384208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=122, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Chen Y F, He M C, Zong Y, journalName=Natural Gas Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Y F, He M C, Zong Y, et al. Research progress on failure modes and control measures of non-adhesive flexible hose[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(11): 122-131. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on failure modes and control measures of non-adhesive flexible hose, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666309493074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhang J, Liang B, Deng Y, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Liang B, Deng Y, et al. Nonlinear hysteretic behavior of wound reinforced composite pipe with steel strip in service[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 243, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110302., articleTitle=Nonlinear hysteretic behavior of wound reinforced composite pipe with steel strip in service, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666364019030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Dai T, Zhang J, Ren C, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai T, Zhang J, Ren C, et al. Application of a data-driven approach for maximum fatigue damage prediction of an unbonded flexible riser[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 306, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118053., articleTitle=Application of a data-driven approach for maximum fatigue damage prediction of an unbonded flexible riser, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666447905113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=何杨烨, 谭健, 韩元明, journalName=海洋工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何杨烨, 谭健, 韩元明, 等. 海洋纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载拉力预测方法[J/OL]. 海洋工程, 2023[2024-01-14]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html., articleTitle=海洋纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载拉力预测方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666510819677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=He Y Y, Tan J, Han Y M, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Y Y, Tan J, Han Y M, et al. Prediction method of ultimate load carrying tension for marine fiber reinforced thermoplastic risers[J/OL]. Ocean Engineering, 2023[2024-01-14]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Prediction method of ultimate load carrying tension for marine fiber reinforced thermoplastic risers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666582122848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Wang K, Yu X C, Zheng L J, journalName=Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang K, Yu X C, Zheng L J. Numerical investigation of gas permeation and condensation behavior of flexible risers[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108622., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of gas permeation and condensation behavior of flexible risers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666657620324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=7, pageStart=905, pageEnd=919, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Chen Q, Sun Q, Yan J, journalName=Polymers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Q, Sun Q, Yan J, et al. Development and recent progress of hoses for cryogenic liquid transportation[J]. Polymers, 2024, 16(7): 905-919., articleTitle=Development and recent progress of hoses for cryogenic liquid transportation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666728923497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=8, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, journalName=船舶与海洋工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, 等. 浮式LNG生产储卸装置卸料系统研究[J]. 船舶与海洋工程, 2018, 34(3): 8-14., articleTitle=浮式LNG生产储卸装置卸料系统研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666833781100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=8, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, journalName=Journal of Ship and Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, et al. Research on the offloading system of floating LNG production, storage and offloading units[J]. Journal of Ship and Ocean Engineering, 2018, 34(3): 8-14. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the offloading system of floating LNG production, storage and offloading units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666909278574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Huang G, Wu W, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang G, Wu W. Armored steel wire stress monitoring strategy of a flexible hose in LNG tandem offloading operation[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 281, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114775., articleTitle=Armored steel wire stress monitoring strategy of a flexible hose in LNG tandem offloading operation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113666976387442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=810, pageEnd=818, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, journalName=海洋工程装备与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, 等. FLNG低温软管技术现状与应用前景分析[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2019, 6(6): 810-818., articleTitle=FLNG低温软管技术现状与应用前景分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668456976757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=810, pageEnd=818, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, journalName=Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, et al. Analysis of current situation and application prospects of FLNG low temperature hose technology[J]. Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2019, 6(6): 810-818. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of current situation and application prospects of FLNG low temperature hose technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668532474231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=6, pageStart=121, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=李欣欣, 刘淼儿, 杨亮, journalName=中国水运(下半月), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李欣欣, 刘淼儿, 杨亮, 等. 低温柔性软管LNG输送技术及其工程应用研究[J]. 中国水运(下半月), 2020, 20(6): 121-123., articleTitle=低温柔性软管LNG输送技术及其工程应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668607971706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=6, pageStart=121, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Li X X, Liu M E, Yang L, journalName=China Water Transport (Second Half), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X X, Liu M E, Yang L, et al. Research on LNG transportation technology and engineering application of low temperature flexible hose[J]. China Water Transport (Second Half), 2020, 20(6): 121-123. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on LNG transportation technology and engineering application of low temperature flexible hose, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668670886269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=300, pageEnd=310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=23, authorNames=张进, 安晨, 高强, journalName=海洋工程装备与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张进, 安晨, 高强, 等. 海洋LNG低温软管结构设计与试验研究现状[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2020, 7(5): 300-310., articleTitle=海洋LNG低温软管结构设计与试验研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668763160958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=300, pageEnd=310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Zhang J, An C, Gao Q, journalName=Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, An C, Gao Q, et al. Current situation of structure design and test research of marine LNG low temperature hose[J]. Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2020, 7(5): 300-310. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Current situation of structure design and test research of marine LNG low temperature hose, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668821881215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=2904, pageEnd=2921, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=25, authorNames=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 范嘉堃, journalName=力学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨亮, 刘淼儿, 范嘉堃, 等. LNG耐超低温柔性管道研究进展综述——工业应用与结构设计分析[J]. 力学学报, 2022, 54(10): 2904-2921., articleTitle=LNG耐超低温柔性管道研究进展综述——工业应用与结构设计分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668888990082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=2904, pageEnd=2921, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Yang L, Liu M E, Fan J K, journalName=Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang L, Liu M E, Fan J K, et al. A review on the research progress of LNG ultra-low temperature resistant flexible pipes: Industrial applications and structural design analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(10): 2904-2921. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A review on the research progress of LNG ultra-low temperature resistant flexible pipes: Industrial applications and structural design analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113668964487558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=127, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=谢彬, 喻西崇, 韩旭亮, journalName=中国海上油气, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢彬, 喻西崇, 韩旭亮, 等. FLNG研究现状及在中国南海深远海气田开发中的应用前景[J]. 中国海上油气, 2017, 29(2): 127-134., articleTitle=FLNG研究现状及在中国南海深远海气田开发中的应用前景, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113669044179336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=127, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Xie B, Yu X C, Han X L, journalName=China Offshore Oil and Gas, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie B, Yu X C, Han X L, et al. Current research status of FLNG and its application prospects in the development of deep water gas fields in the South China Sea[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2017, 29(2): 127-134. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Current research status of FLNG and its application prospects in the development of deep water gas fields in the South China Sea, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242113665437077813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, awardId=52222111, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52222111), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242113660873674955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660882063564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660890452173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660873674955, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242113660944978127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660953366736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660944978127, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113660957561041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113660944978127, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242113661020475603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661028864212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661020475603, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661037252822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661020475603, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242113661104361687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661108555992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113661116944601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, companyId=1242113661104361687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242113664791154979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Application scenarios of offshore flexible pipes, figureFileSmall=Aglif3ojAFWwjucgdvuqWg==, figureFileBig=k2nTf49JTV1NWUEOrUX6ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113664866652453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, label=图1, caption=海洋软管应用场景, figureFileSmall=Aglif3ojAFWwjucgdvuqWg==, figureFileBig=k2nTf49JTV1NWUEOrUX6ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113665017647400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Main structure of submarine flexible pipe, figureFileSmall=JPWBSLYCP6RyQzoO/eFTQA==, figureFileBig=egjAx7rDEYhqzhzg/UZstA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113665084756266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, label=图2, caption=海底软管的主要结构形式, figureFileSmall=JPWBSLYCP6RyQzoO/eFTQA==, figureFileBig=egjAx7rDEYhqzhzg/UZstA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113665151865133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Commonly used low-temperature flexible pipes for LNG

FPSO:Floating Production Storage and Offloading

, figureFileSmall=abRI6RMQpUvrRauBGQ2+bw==, figureFileBig=ekg/NgiFzYspT3iEhpyjSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113665239945521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961863868864, language=CN, label=图3, caption=常用的LNG低温软管

浮式生产储卸装置。

, figureFileSmall=abRI6RMQpUvrRauBGQ2+bw==, figureFileBig=ekg/NgiFzYspT3iEhpyjSQ==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1129340393107079197, delFlag=0, nameCn=前瞻科技, nameEn=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0781, eissn=, cn=10-1786/N, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Fore, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1788948782472, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Q, firstLetterEn=Q, subjectCode=Multidisciplinary, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Multidisciplinary, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, picEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509001228641229, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=科技导报社, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=包为民, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《前瞻科技》是由中国科学技术协会主管,科技导报社主办、出版的科技智库型自然科学综合类学术期刊,于2022年创刊。办刊宗旨:紧扣国家科技创新需求,联合全国学会和科技智库机构,汇聚战略科学家、主流智库学者,通过提供战略性、前瞻性、权威性的思想观点和政策建议,为科技管理者和科研管理者供给高质量决策参考。, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782498, updatedTime=1788948782498, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001270584270, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=China Association for Science and Technology, sponsoredBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, publishedBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=BAO Weimin, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=Science and Technology Foresight is a comprehensive academic journal in natural sciences with a focus on technology think tanks. It is dedicated to publishing reviews and commentaries on research findings related to major national strategic tasks, important areas at the forefront of technology, and key core technologies and aims to promote academic exchange, advance technological progress, and support the high-quality development of China’s economy and society. The regular sections include “Foresight”, “Review and Commentary”, “Focus”, “Forum”, “Culture”, and “Book Review”. Specifically, “Foresight” and “Review and Commentary” are fixed sections, while the others are variable., submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782508, updatedTime=1788948782508, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001228641229, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=科技导报社, publishedBy=科技导报社, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=包为民, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《前瞻科技》是由中国科学技术协会主管,科技导报社主办、出版的科技智库型自然科学综合类学术期刊,于2022年创刊。办刊宗旨:紧扣国家科技创新需求,联合全国学会和科技智库机构,汇聚战略科学家、主流智库学者,通过提供战略性、前瞻性、权威性的思想观点和政策建议,为科技管理者和科研管理者供给高质量决策参考。, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782498, updatedTime=1788948782498, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509001270584270, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=China Association for Science and Technology, sponsoredBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, publishedBy=Science and Technology Review Publishing House, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=BAO Weimin, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=Science and Technology Foresight is a comprehensive academic journal in natural sciences with a focus on technology think tanks. It is dedicated to publishing reviews and commentaries on research findings related to major national strategic tasks, important areas at the forefront of technology, and key core technologies and aims to promote academic exchange, advance technological progress, and support the high-quality development of China’s economy and society. The regular sections include “Foresight”, “Review and Commentary”, “Focus”, “Forum”, “Culture”, and “Book Review”. Specifically, “Foresight” and “Review and Commentary” are fixed sections, while the others are variable., submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1788948782508, updatedTime=1788948782508, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146032081894723586, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202353652128, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/CN, language=CHT, createTime=1751692112768, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048748052, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618977242275853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781704483, updateTime=1751781704483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977217110026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781704477, updateTime=1751781704477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977204527113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1751781704474, updateTime=1751781704474, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977233887244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781704481, updateTime=1751781704481, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977225498635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781704479, updateTime=1751781704479, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155894377965830154, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkjold/EN, language=CHT, createTime=1753516295187, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776048768686, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155894740970233959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516381733, updateTime=1753516381733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740953456740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516381729, updateTime=1753516381729, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740945068131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1753516381727, updateTime=1753516381727, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740966039654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516381732, updateTime=1753516381732, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740961845349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516381731, updateTime=1753516381731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246151820205146149, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1775035346323, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776149900371, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点最新, tplId=1246420490248675410, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420037846848371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099294387, updateTime=1775099294387, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037825876848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099294382, updateTime=1775099294382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037863625590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294391, updateTime=1775099294391, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037817488239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099294380, updateTime=1775099294380, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037876208504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294394, updateTime=1775099294394, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037838459762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099294385, updateTime=1775099294385, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037872014199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099294393, updateTime=1775099294393, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037834265457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099294384, updateTime=1775099294384, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037851042676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099294388, updateTime=1775099294388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420037859431285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246151820205146149, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099294390, updateTime=1775099294390, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1246404284338716725, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1775095538466, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1776333732508, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点最新, tplId=1246420682825945997, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1246420311713931340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1775099359682, updateTime=1775099359682, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311692959817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1775099359677, updateTime=1775099359677, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311734902863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359687, updateTime=1775099359687, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311680376904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1775099359674, updateTime=1775099359674, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311747485777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359690, updateTime=1775099359690, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311705542731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1775099359680, updateTime=1775099359680, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311739097168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1775099359688, updateTime=1775099359688, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311697154122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_qzkj_cn_319/, createTime=1775099359678, updateTime=1775099359678, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311718125645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1775099359683, updateTime=1775099359683, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1246420311726514254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1246404284338716725, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1775099359685, updateTime=1775099359685, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=前瞻科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology Foresight, journalPhotoCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPhotoEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, journalFirstLetter=Q, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1718812800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
海洋软管应用技术与展望
收藏切换
PDF下载
张超 1 , 段梦兰 2, † , 刘淼儿 1 , 李方遒 1 , 陈严飞 3 , 张玉 4 , 安晨 4
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024,3(2): 69-80
收起
收藏切换
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024, 3(2): 69-80
海洋软管应用技术与展望
全屏
张超1 , 段梦兰2, † , 刘淼儿1, 李方遒1, 陈严飞3, 张玉4, 安晨4
作者信息
  • 1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027
  • 2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055
  • 3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249
  • 4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249
  • 张超,博士,教授级高级工程师。中海石油气电集团有限责任公司总工程师兼技术研发中心主任。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家。主要从事液化天然气领域科技工作。获省部级奖励23项。获全国石油石化系统创新先进人物、中国海油十大科技人物荣誉。主持或参与制定国家标准和行业标准7部。出版专著4部,发表论文46篇,授权发明专利74件。电子信箱:。

    段梦兰,清华大学长聘教授,“鹏城孔雀计划”特聘岗位A类。清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院副院长。国际船舶与海洋结构大会(ISSC)水下技术委员会首任主席,国际水下技术学会(SUT)中国分会创始主席,中国海洋发展研究会海洋工程分会理事长等。Modern Subsea Engineering and Technology主编,Ships and Offshore Structures、Maritime Systems and Ocean Technology副主编。主要从事海洋工程研究。获国家科技进步奖二等奖、中国钢结构协会科学技术奖特等奖、中国石油和化学工业联合会科技进步奖一等奖、中国航海学会科学技术进步奖一等奖、中国发明协会发明创业奖一等奖、教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)自然科学奖二等奖等。电子信箱:。

通信作者:

†
†
Application Technologies and Prospects of Offshore Flexible Pipes
Chao ZHANG1 , Menglan DUAN2, † , Miaoer LIU1, Fangqiu LI1, Yanfei CHEN3, Yu ZHANG4, Chen AN4
Affiliations
  • 1. CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China
  • 2. Institute for Ocean Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • 3. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 4. College of Safety and Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007
文章导航
收藏切换

随着海洋油气资源开发水深的加大,环境载荷会显著增加,对海洋管道的运行安全及运维成本造成重大挑战。与传统钢管相比,海洋软管具有耐腐蚀性能强、柔韧性好、安装效率高等优势,是海洋油气输送的重要装备。文章综述了海底软管、海洋柔性立管、液化天然气低温软管3种海洋软管应用技术的发展现状,梳理了海洋软管研发和应用中面临的难题和挑战,并提出了海洋软管输送技术的发展趋势与建议。

海洋油气输送  /  柔性立管  /  海底软管  /  液化天然气低温软管

As the development of offshore oil and gas resources ventures into deeper waters, the environmental loads escalate significantly, which presents formidable challenges to the operational safety and maintenance costs of offshore pipelines. Compared with conventional steel pipes, offshore flexible pipes have the advantages of strong corrosion resistance, great flexibility, and high installation efficiency, thus becoming pivotal equipment for the transportation of offshore oil and gas. This article reviewed the current state of three application technologies of offshore flexible pipes, including submarine flexible pipes, offshore flexible risers, and low-temperature transportation flexible pipes for liquefied natural gas. It also analyzed the challenges in the research and application of offshore flexible pipes and proposed development trends and suggestions for offshore flexible pipe transportation technologies.

offshore oil and gas transportation  /  flexible risers  /  submarine flexible pipes  /  low-temperature flexible pipes for liquefied natural gas
张超, 段梦兰, 刘淼儿, 李方遒, 陈严飞, 张玉, 安晨. 海洋软管应用技术与展望. 前瞻科技, 2024 , 3 (2) : 69 -80 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007
Chao ZHANG, Menglan DUAN, Miaoer LIU, Fangqiu LI, Yanfei CHEN, Yu ZHANG, Chen AN. Application Technologies and Prospects of Offshore Flexible Pipes[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024 , 3 (2) : 69 -80 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007
《中国海洋能源发展报告2023》指出,2023年中国海洋原油产量6 220万t,新增产量约360万t,连续4年占全国原油产量增量的60%以上;海洋天然气产量约238亿m3,新增产量19亿m3,约占全国天然气产量增量的15%,中国海洋油气产量有望再创新高。为进一步保障能源安全及增储上产目标,需要海洋油气开采技术和装备的迭代更新,以助力勘探开发整体挺进深水。管道作为连接海底资源生产设施和海面设施的纽带,是深海资源开发领域的关键装备。传统的海洋管道通常采用钢管形式,但随着深远海海洋环境恶劣程度及水深的增加,海上安装成本及疲劳损伤风险会显著提高,传统钢管的应用逐渐展现出其局限性,亟须探索更为适应深海环境的新型管道材料与结构形式。
在深远海油气资源的勘探开发过程中,海底软管、海洋柔性立管和天然液化气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)低温软管3种海洋软管扮演着至关重要的角色。海底软管和海洋柔性立管负责将油气资源从海底的井口输送至海面上部的浮体设施,这一输送过程是整个水下生产系统中的关键环节,其效率和安全性直接影响到油气资源的开发成本和产量。随后,经过海上生产平台处理后,产出的油气产品必须通过海上运输的方式,利用穿梭船舶(如油船或LNG船)将其安全地运输到陆地,其中LNG低温软管为恶劣海洋环境下的连接平台及LNG船的最优运输方式。图1为海洋软管应用场景的示意图,以深远海天然气开发为例,呈现了天然气气藏从井口经海底软管、海洋柔性立管输运至浮式液化天然气装置(Floating Liquefied Natural Gas System, FLNG),并通过LNG低温软管进行外输的场景。
综上,3种海洋软管均为深远海油气开发的关键输送环节,且均未完全实现国产替代。为了进一步突破国外技术封锁、解决“卡脖子”问题、自主掌握关键核心技术,文章通过综合考量国内外海洋软管技术的发展现状,总结了海洋软管面临的关键技术挑战,并提出相关建议,旨在促进跨学科合作以加快技术进步,推动中国海洋软管技术的自主创新。
在海底输送系统中,随着作业水深的增加,水下压力显著上升,对海底软管的承压能力提出了严格要求;海底地形的复杂性,对管道的布局和运行强度产生影响;加之海底地质条件的多变性,进一步增加了管道稳定性和安全性的挑战;同时,在深海区域,海水温度较低,可能导致内部流体黏度增大、流动性下降,甚至在某些情况下引发蜡质的析出,从而影响管道的输送效率和安全运行。
海底软管的设计采用多层结构,每层由特定材料构成,旨在确保软管在严苛的海底环境下的可靠性和耐久性。从内到外,海底软管结构主要包括:骨架层,负责提供径向上的刚度和强度,以承受管道的外部压力;内部水密层,负责形成流体通道,密封管内输送介质;抗压铠装层和抗拉铠装层,由金属或高强度合成纤维制成,为海底软管提供必要的力学强度;耐磨层,起到防止金属层之间摩擦损耗的作用;外包覆层,作为最外层,由耐海水和耐磨损的材料构成,保护海底软管免受外部环境的侵蚀。通过采用这种复合结构设计,海底软管能够适应深海油气输送的特殊需求,确保了输送过程的安全性和可靠性[1]。海底软管主要结构形式见图2[2]。
屈曲是导致海底软管失效的普遍原因。在已经安装到位的海底管道系统中,内部流体的温度梯度会在管道中产生轴向载荷,这种载荷可能在管道的某些部分累积,尤其是当流体温度变化剧烈时,温度梯度会引起热膨胀和变形不均匀,此时轴向力通常无法通过管道的轴向伸长来有效释放,反而可能导致管道整体屈曲,进而影响管道的完整性和安全运行。为了应对这一问题,工程实践中常采用一种策略:在海床上直接铺设深海海底管道时,选择性地在多个点诱发管道发生可控的热屈曲,从而分散管道整体的热应力[3-4]。以澳大利亚西北大陆架近海的Echo Yodel项目为例,该区域的工作水深为140~160 m。在管道的运行期间,该项目采用了创新的蛇形铺设技术。这种铺设方式通过管道的自然弯曲,有效地分散并释放了管道的能量,从而显著降低了管道在后屈曲状态下的应力和应变。该技术避免了人为制造悬空管道,无须额外添加触发装置,经济高效。目前,国际上蛇形铺管尚没有统一的规程规范,各工程项目仍主要根据经验设计施工。此外,还可以通过人工引入悬跨管道的方式,降低管道侧向稳定性来诱导可控屈曲的发生,该方法被称为竖向扰动法。
受设计、成本、建造等多种因素影响,海底软管多采用多相流混输方式。由于管道沿途地形变化剧烈,加之深海区域的高压低温条件,管道内多相流体的温度会随着输送距离的增加而急剧下降。这可能导致水合物或蜡结晶的形成,进而减小管道的通流面积,严重时甚至会堵塞管道和阀门等关键设备[5]。为了解决多相流混输管道的流动安全问题,必须采取有效的保温措施。除了设计保温层这种被动保温方法外,还可以采用主动伴热技术。主动伴热通过向管道直接或间接提供外部热量,以维持管道内的介质温度,避免因温度过低而引发的水合物形成或蜡结晶,确保管道系统的安全与高效运行。
从2007年起,中国初步具备海底软管的生产能力,相继出现了无棣海忠软管制造有限公司、河北恒安泰油管有限公司等软管制造厂家。目前,中国生产的海底软管可在水深150 m、设计压力27.73 MPa、内部流体温度55 ℃下使用且业绩良好。但是与国际上TechnipFMC、Strohm等知名厂家的产品相比,在面对外压更大的深海环境和成分更复杂的内部流体时依然表现出应用的局限性,且目前中国海底软管生产厂家的产品种类较为有限,缺乏像国际厂家那样的针对不同工况对管道结构的精细化多元设计能力,容易出现过饱和、单一化的生产短板,在国际市场上缺乏特色竞争力。
海洋柔性立管是采用多层结构,由多种防腐和耐压材料构建而成的深水油气开发装备。立管的内衬层会特别选用耐腐蚀性能优异的材料,如聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯等,以抵御输送介质可能引起的腐蚀,确保管道的长期稳定运行和系统的可靠性。增强层由高强度钢丝或纤维缠绕而成,提供抗压强度。外护套层保护软管免受外部损伤和腐蚀,材料如聚氨酯或聚乙烯。海洋柔性立管按照增强层与内衬层及外护套层之间的粘接状态,可分为两大主要类型。第一类是非粘接柔性软管,其增强层并未与内衬层和外护套层粘接,这种设计允许立管在弯曲时各层之间能够相对滑动,从而提高了管道的柔韧性和适应水下多变载荷的能力[6]。第二类是粘接柔性软管,其增强层与内衬层和外护套层紧密粘接,形成一个整体。这种结构增强了管道的抗压强度和抗疲劳性能,显著提升了管道的使用寿命和可靠性。
非粘接柔性软管在制造过程中,采用金属层与聚合物材料复合而成,各层之间允许有相对的位移,这种设计赋予了管道优异的适应性,能够灵活应对复杂的海底环境和动态变化。相对而言,粘接柔性软管则通过特殊的材料将内层和外层直接粘接成一个坚固的管壁结构,从而提供了更高的强度和耐久性。这种设计特别适用于对强度要求更高或在特殊环境下施工的工程项目[7⇓⇓⇓-11]。Kongsberg Offshore公司开发的先进非粘接柔性软管技术专为海底油气生产量身定制。这些管道由多层钢丝绳套管和高性能的防腐、抗压材料构成,设计精良,能够在深海的高压和恶劣海洋环境中稳定运行。
当前,海洋非粘接柔性软管的研究重点集中在整体系统中连接附件对软管寿命和疲劳行为的影响。由于管道内部的结构层由不同材料构成,这些材料在力学性能和热力学属性上存在显著差异。经过长时间的运行,这些结构层可能会出现不同程度的损伤和失效,这会严重影响软管的承载能力和预期使用寿命[9⇓⇓-12]。TechnipFMC公司研发了FRL17、FRL22和FRL27系列非粘接柔性软管,其柔性软管产品已经应用于多个深海油气项目,包括为巴西卡拉波油田提供了10条非粘接柔性软管,用于将油气从海底井口输送至浮式生产储卸油船。在墨西哥坎塔雷尔油田应用了12条非粘接柔性软管,用于将油气从海底井口输送至陆上加工设施。
为应对非粘接柔性软管在深水及超深水油气田开发中可能遭遇的腐蚀和疲劳失效等挑战,粘接柔性软管应运而生。粘接柔性软管与非粘接柔性软管在结构上具有相似之处,它们都由多层结构组成,包括骨架层、橡胶缓冲层、增强层及端部连接结构。然而,两者之间的根本区别在于,粘接柔性软管在制造过程中,通过物理挤压和硫化工艺确保各层之间实现紧密粘接,从而在作业状态下避免了层与层之间的相对位移,使得粘接柔性软管在承受动态载荷和复杂海底环境时,不仅提升了管道的抗腐蚀能力,还有助于减少疲劳失效的风险,更适应深水海域石油开采的恶劣环境。Strohm公司是粘接柔性软管的开拓者,研发了适用于不同需求的GL-PE、CL-PA12和CL-PVDF管道,以灵活的材料组合实现了生产需求和成本控制的双重目标。
尽管粘接柔性软管在结构上相对简单,但当深入考量其适用环境、安全性能以及智能化系统等关键因素时,可以发现其背后的核心技术仍需持续深入研发和掌握[11]。目前,中国已有若干企业,如无棣海忠软管制造有限公司和河北恒安泰油管有限公司等,具备了粘接柔性软管的制造能力。然而,目前国内生产的海洋软管应用水深局限于500 m以下,抗外压能力4.0 MPa,抗拉强度60 t,主要应用于浅海区域,其强度和结构设计尚未达到深水油气外输所需的标准。
随着全球对清洁能源需求的日益增长,LNG作为一种高效、环保的能源形式,在运输和分发过程中的稳定性和安全性变得尤为关键。为此,具备优良柔韧性和耐低温性能的软管至关重要,以确保在-162 ℃的极端低温条件下,实现LNG的安全稳定输运[13⇓⇓-16]。LNG低温软管不仅是清洁能源广泛应用的重要技术基础,也是推动中国能源产业转型升级和海洋油气开发的关键领域。
然而,LNG低温软管的设计构造十分复杂,它长期承受着低温介质的影响以及海上风浪等多重荷载的作用。软管一旦遭受结构性损害,可能导致严重的泄漏事故。因此,LNG软管在超低温环境下的力学性能对其安全运行至关重要。根据不同应用场景的需求,LNG低温软管主要分为悬跨式和漂浮式两种类型[17⇓⇓-20](图3[19]),每种形式都针对特定的使用条件进行了优化设计,以满足LNG安全、高效运输的需求。
悬跨式LNG低温软管主要应用于船对船的LNG过驳作业以及近岸LNG传输系统。随着“绿色航运”政策的推动,船舶行业正经历着从燃油向天然气的转型,这一转变促进了悬跨式LNG低温软管的广泛应用。该软管在燃料充装量和充装速度方面展现出显著的灵活性,满足了实际工程的需求。为了解决LNG低温软管在海上作业时可能遇到的晃动问题,从而延长其使用寿命,Gutteling B.V.公司采取了创新的解决方案。该公司在软管的内衬套中引入了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)膜。这一材料以其卓越的机械强度和耐磨性而著称,有效提升了软管的整体性能和耐久性。通过这种设计,悬挂式LNG低温软管能够更好地适应海上作业环境,为船舶提供更加安全、高效的LNG加注服务。截至2022年底,相关船舶所搭载的悬跨式LNG低温软管均由外国公司生产。中国的悬跨式LNG低温软管技术正处于快速发展的初期阶段,并已取得了显著的研究进展。中国海洋石油集团有限公司(简称中国海油)在这一领域取得了突破性成果,成功研发了203.2 mm(8英寸)的悬跨式LNG低温软管及其配套设备。这一成就标志着中国在LNG低温软管技术领域迈出了坚实的步伐。2023年,中国海油将这一自主研发的软管系统成功配置于海洋石油301加注船,这不仅是国产LNG低温软管的首次工程应用,也是中国在LNG加注技术自主化道路上的重要里程碑[18⇓-20]。这一进展不仅展示了中国在LNG低温软管领域的技术实力,也为推动国内清洁能源的广泛应用和能源产业的转型升级作出了积极贡献。
漂浮式LNG低温软管适用于LNG串靠卸料方式,在两个船体之间处于漂浮状态,是FLNG与LNG船之间远距离输送的关键核心装备。自2000年以来,国外少数公司,如TechnipFMC、Nexans、Trelleborg、Dunlop已开始研制该类型低温软管,并长期垄断相关核心技术。为应对恶劣海况下的LNG卸载要求,荷兰SBM Offshore公司生产的LNG漂浮式低温复合软管(COOLTM)提出了“管中管”概念,极大增强了软管整体的保温和抗疲劳能力。尽管目前国际上尚无海况恶劣的气田需要采用FLNG串靠卸料方式,但漂浮式LNG低温软管的环境适配性和操作灵活性可极大提高中国南海边际气田开发的操作窗口期和FLNG工作天数,实现海上油气田开发的降本增效。为解决国外公司对中国的技术封锁,中国海油建立了超低温复合软管多层结构与整体线型集成的多尺度分析和优化设计理论,完成了8英寸漂浮式LNG低温软管试制及工业化测试。这标志着中国具备了LNG低温软管输送系统成套研制能力,为低温动态柔性复合管道装备系统总成及工程应用奠定了基础,打破了国外的技术垄断[15]。
1)屈曲分析准确度不足且防治困难
在深水油气的输送过程中,普遍采用高温高压的方式,其中最高温度可达177 ℃,最高压力可达70 MPa。此外,由于海底水温通常较低(3~5 ℃),在管道的沿程约束下,温度变化引起的热载荷会导致温度应力的累积。现有的计算方法难以实现在任意连接间距下的温度应力计算,这给内外管锚固连接间距的设计带来了不小的挑战。除了高温管道的温度应力计算难题外,管道铺设时的不直度及侧向约束的非线性特性,进一步增加了高温管道屈曲分析的复杂性。许多抗屈曲设计和解决方案致力于通过引发多数量、长波长、低幅度的轻微屈曲来释放管道内的轴向力,以防止局部管道发生剧烈且破坏性的屈曲。尽管这些方法在理论上具有可行性,但在实际管道工程的实施过程中,如何确定管道可接受的屈曲程度、屈曲后轴向力的适当释放量,以及确保管道各屈曲部分之间稳定性,避免屈曲汇合和模态跃迁,仍是防治屈曲时需克服的难题。
2)管-土相互作用理论尚不完善
管-土相互作用领域仍存在许多待研究的问题,土体力学行为的本构模型、土体与管道的耦合作用特征、孔隙水压力变化对管道稳定性的影响,以及土体进入塑性状态的破坏机制等问题有待进一步解决。由于管-土相互作用可能引发的土体破坏、土拱效应的演变等复杂力学过程,管-土相互作用模型的建立面临相当大的挑战。在不同管重、管径、埋入深度等条件下,土体的行为不能简单地被视为刚体,也不能仅用库伦摩擦模型来描述。需要综合考虑土体的破坏模式、土拱效应的演变、固结效应、剪切强度的变化等多重因素的影响。
3)超深水环境下管道保温手段面临技术瓶颈
对于长距离回接的深水输油管道,特别是当输送的油品中蜡质含量较高时,在外界的低温条件影响下,难免会在管道内壁出现析蜡现象。如果输送的是天然气或油气两相流,还会有水合物的形成,进而导致管道的堵塞。目前,工程上采取了多种管道保温手段,经验表明,被动保温措施的效果并不理想,需要一定的主动加热措施来防止析蜡与水合物的形成。然而,传统的热流体伴热技术存在加热效率不高的问题,难以满足长输管道的加热需求;间接电伴热技术则要求在管道铺设前安装加热设备,这并不适用于已经投产的管道。目前,中国在深海油气田的自主开发尚处于初期阶段,对于海底长输管道电加热技术的研究还不够充分,尤其是考虑管道内部可能存在的热源,其传热特性的研究尤为重要。
1)超深水海洋柔性立管腐蚀渗透风险高
目前,许多传统复合材料对H2S和CO2极为敏感,它们在耐腐蚀性和抗氢脆性方面的表现并不理想,亟须开发新型耐腐蚀材料。这些材料不仅要能够抵御H2S和CO2的侵蚀,还要具备足够的强度和韧性。在数值模拟方面,目前预测海洋柔性立管腐蚀速率的模型尚不完善,未能充分考虑气体渗透和微生物腐蚀效应的影响,亟须开发更为先进的建模工具,以便更精确地预测腐蚀行为,从而优化立管的设计和操作条件,有效减轻腐蚀风险。
2)超深水服役环境下海洋柔性立管线型设计难
超深水环境下,柔性立管重量显著增加,顶端和下部海床触底点处的疲劳损伤加剧,需要通过合理的构型设计降低其损伤程度。柔性立管的线型设计是一个复杂且多学科交叉的过程,需要综合考虑立管在安装和服役过程中所承受的各种荷载和环境因素。这些因素包括材料和几何非线性、波浪和海流作用、内部多相介质流动、与海床和浮式平台的相互作用等,都对有限元分析模型的准确性提出了挑战。另外,构型设计不仅需要满足技术要求,还要在经济上可行,在成本与性能之间找到平衡,并考虑实际的施工和维护可行性。
3)海洋柔性立管运行状态监测困难
海洋柔性立管监测系统需要具有实时性,能够及时捕捉和传输立管的动态变化信息,以便及时预警和采取措施。因此需要开发可靠的预警算法,能够根据监测数据预测可能的风险,如疲劳损伤、过度振动等。海洋柔性立管的长度决定了传感器需要在多个关键位置进行布置,以捕捉全面的动态信息,这需要精确的布置方案和安装技术。海洋环境中的传感器需要具有高可靠性和耐用性,能够长期工作在恶劣条件下,且维护和更换难度大。海底数据传输面临信号衰减和干扰问题,尤其是在深海环境中,长距离数据传输需要稳定和高效的解决方案。另外,实时监测数据量大,需要高效的数据处理和分析方法,以及时识别海洋柔性立管的动态行为和潜在风险。
1)多载荷耦合下的LNG低温软管非线性屈曲失效分析难
屈曲失稳是LNG低温软管最为主要的失效模式之一,一旦管道结构发生屈曲失稳将直接影响LNG输送系统的安全,因此需要重点对LNG低温软管薄壁结构开展屈曲失稳分析。然而,LNG低温软管在实际工程应用中需承受较为恶劣的外部环境条件,如强烈的风浪、洋流和船体运动等多重荷载。为保证LNG低温软管在实际工程应用的安全性,基于多载荷耦合的非线性屈曲失效分析还需重点研究。通过对低温内流环境的构建,在原型样管上开展多载荷耦合的极限工况加载测试,验证结构设计及加工工艺的准确性及稳定性。目前,中国海油已联合高校搭建国内首套极端条件下的全性能全尺寸的综合性能测试平台,但对于多载荷耦合的极限工况加载测试及性能验证试验仍在探索过程中。
2)LNG低温软管整体水动力优化经验不足
LNG低温软管在海洋环境中服役时,会受到海洋洋流、风浪、两船相对运动等因素的影响,导致其产生横荡、垂荡和横摇等运动。这些运动会对软管的平面静平衡位置稳定性造成影响,进而引起软管振动。这种振动不仅影响LNG的传输效率,还可能导致软管端部连接处的松动,增加LNG泄漏的风险。因此,深入分析LNG低温软管的动力学特性对于指导软管结构设计的优化至关重要。软管的整体长度设计必须兼顾外输点间的最大运动距离和软管本身的承受能力,将整体水动力结果与多载荷耦合下的屈曲失效分析结果相结合,得到软管整体线型布置结果,保证在复杂海况下输送过程的稳定性和安全性。
3)LNG低温软管疲劳失效模型亟待突破
LNG低温软管作为海洋天然气开采和运输的关键设备,由于其应用场景及运营条件的要求,LNG低温软管在服役期内经历近千次周期性的温度循环、压力循环、收放操作等载荷变化,同时还要考虑海洋环境及船体运动等边界条件,因此LNG低温软管疲劳失效模型极为复杂。首先,需基于LNG低温管道布置方式,考虑边界条件及风、浪、流等环境条件作用下的复杂荷载工况,对管道整体线型进行分析,获得在各种海洋环境组合工况下的LNG低温软管的载荷时程曲线;其次,需结合超低温材料试件实验,通过局部理论模型转换为LNG低温软管的应力时程曲线,基于累计损伤准则计算低温软管疲劳寿命,结合原型疲劳试验的结果验证,进而得到疲劳失效模型。因此,如何准确预测LNG低温软管疲劳寿命,如何通过材料优选、设计优化、加工调整、线型布置等方式实现LNG低温软管的延寿,仍是实现工业化应用亟待突破的重要问题。未来将通过这些综合性的研究和开发工作,设计并制造出能够适应各种极端海洋环境挑战的LNG低温软管,为LNG的安全高效输运提供坚实的技术保障。
由于低弯曲刚度、高轴向膨胀系数,海底软管易发生屈曲破坏。海底软管一旦发生屈曲失效,可能导致管道破裂或变形,进而引发严重的环境污染和经济损失。目前,避免屈曲的设计方法和原理多针对海底钢管,亟待构建适当的屈曲理论与防治技术,以有效预测和防止这种失效模式的发生。
海底软管柔韧性强,在压缩荷载下会受不直度初始缺陷的影响而诱发屈曲,其力学特性具有高度非线性,并依赖于层间相互作用。层间滑移前,海底软管的弯曲刚度主要由抗拉铠装钢丝决定;滑移后,弯曲刚度主要受外护套的弯曲刚度影响,同时弯曲刚度还与内压、水深及环空状况有关。需要开发海底软管的非线性有限元分析工具,以模拟管道的屈曲行为。针对海底软管径向屈曲问题,可以将抗屈曲带缠绕在抗拉铠装层外侧,以抵抗安装或在役期间拉伸铠装层径向膨胀载荷。对于抗屈曲带,需要选择合适的聚酯纤维增强材料,通过老化、静载、抗折、耐温及耐久性等测试,确定其应用范围。对于目前海底软管屈曲预测模型的缺乏,也可通过数值模型与实验手段相结合的方式,获取失效载荷,通过机器学习算法,获得简易实用的经验设计公式。
设计方法、分析工具以及现场实际经验的提升,推动了海洋软管结构设计与优化技术的发展,缩短了设计周期,减少了项目实施过程中的不确定性和风险,并有效降低了投资成本。
深海油气藏中溶解的酸性气体对管道的渗透与腐蚀问题一直受到广泛的关注。为了控制海洋柔性立管的H2S和CO2气体渗透问题,亟须开发新型的耐腐蚀材料,并建立柔性立管内部水密层酸性气体的渗透模型。另外,随着水深增大,立管自重急剧增加,可以采用碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)对抗拉铠装层钢加以替换,其密度仅为传统钢材的20%,具有良好的强度-重量比、高抗腐蚀性和耐疲劳性。面对风浪、洋流和船体运动等自然因素的影响,可以借助全尺寸试验、理论模型和数值模拟等方法,全面研究海洋软管在拉伸、弯曲、扭转及疲劳等力学特性方面的响应。这些研究有助于优化海洋软管的整体结构设计,以适应各种极端工况的要求。对于LNG软管而言,制造工艺必须考虑低温、高压及复杂海洋环境的影响,以确保海洋软管在长期运行中维持稳定的结构和性能。在材料选择上,应优先考虑即使在极端低温条件下也能保持良好力学性能和稳定性的材料,这包括良好的低温抗冲击性、耐腐蚀性和高强度等特性。
海洋柔性立管和LNG低温软管在服役过程中均会受到上部浮体及海洋环境荷载的作用,使其成为动态管线,在长期服役过程中会出现疲劳损伤。柔性管道的使用寿命要求通常年限较长,在设计阶段必须考虑全生命周期内可能产生的各种失效模式对其的影响。
海洋柔性立管的疲劳寿命一般是由抗拉铠装层的疲劳寿命决定,而H2O、CO2、H2S、CH4等小分子会通过聚合物层渗透到环空,同时海水也有可能由于外保护套破裂进入环空,则需要通过实验方式研究碳钢材料在空气、海水、酸性环境下的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线。同时需要对全尺度柔性立管在内部介质腐蚀环境下进行保压及动态疲劳测试,分析疲劳损伤程度,特别是综合考虑碳钢表面出现点蚀或其他局部破坏而带来的应力集中现象,以提高柔性立管疲劳寿命评估的可靠性和准确性。另外,需要开发考虑层间摩擦系数、轴向变形和管道曲率等因素影响的滑移模型,以更好地描述柔性立管的抗拉铠装层间的滑移行为。
由于在非输送状态下,LNG低温软管会被盘绕至卷盘中,只有在输送过程中需要考虑疲劳问题。为测试其疲劳寿命,需要用液氮在软管内部加压,并在软管端部反复施加正负角位移,进行百万次以上的载荷循环。循环周期、曲率及张力等测试具体条件需要通过服役环境的海况数据以及转驳船舶的水动力响应分析获取。除此之外,还需要考虑热疲劳性能,在反复冷却-加热循环下不会导致软管泄漏。同时,还需要提升软管主体内部的薄膜材料和接头密封区域的抗疲劳性能。在疲劳损伤预测模型方面,则需要量化描述非线性、阻尼、迟滞行为、局部损伤等影响因素,以提升疲劳行为预测的准确性。
在深水油气开发中,海洋软管的应用面临着低温环境、海床条件及流动介质成分复杂的挑战。为了确保海洋软管在这些条件下的安全运行,开发可靠的流动安全保障技术尤为重要。
对于柔性管道的保温层,可以采用玻璃微珠增强的热塑性合成聚丙烯材料,并对其热导率、厚度、比热、密度、力学性能等参数进行设计,以带缠绕的方式布放在抗拉铠装层与外护套之间;也可以开发主动电加热等温度调控系统,使骨架层与抗拉铠装层之间形成电流回路,通过金属层的电阻损耗产生热量,并根据管道温度监测数据和固相沉积物预测结果对管道进行整体或局部加热,以保障流动安全。此外,也可以利用循环热水的方式维持管体内部温度。软管的保温设计方法是保温方式的选择和工程实施的前提,需要考虑层间热阻、截面构型、环空传热特性、内部介质压力及温度变化等多方面因素。治理油气流动保障关键在于预防,可以通过在软管中缠绕光纤,监测管道内部压力和温度的变化,从而确定水合物或石蜡积聚的速率和位置,以便及早发现并利用清管技术进行清除。
海洋软管内部常具有骨架层,当高速气体通过时会伴有流致振动现象,并带来沿程压力损失。需要开发分析模型预测流致振动的起始流速和泄涡频率,以给出合理化的工程建议。同时,可以研发具有光滑内层表面的软管解决方案,将抗压溃层设计至内部密封层的外侧,或者将骨架层内层增加成型带,使其在缠绕工序之后自然形成一个光滑内表面。
对于海洋软管,实时监测能够提供持续的数据流,帮助运营商及时了解软管的健康状态,避免突发性失效。另外,对于不同的潜在失效模式,也可采用现代化的检测技术,在不损坏软管的条件下对其进行评估,以提高检测效率和准确性。
针对海洋柔性立管疲劳损伤监测问题,可在立管沿轴向方向布放加速度传感器,通过测得的重力加速度在各轴上的分量,计算传感器倾角,进而获得曲率,用于推算疲劳寿命和结构健康状态。针对柔性立管靠近上端部位置的抗拉铠装钢带断裂失效,可以采用电磁应力感应技术进行检测。先对抗拉铠装层进行磁化,再利用铁素体钢的磁导率会随着机械应力变化而变化的原理,如果内部介质压力发生变化,抗拉铠装带应有应力变化;如果内部介质压力没有变化,则说明该钢带有可能已经断裂。随着深度学习等人工智能算法在海洋工程领域的应用日益广泛,基于有限元分析及人工神经网络方法相结合的数字孪生技术也可用于柔性立管抗拉铠装层疲劳损伤的监测,其将海洋环境条件、船舶运动及立管运动监测数据作为输入数据,通过训练模型直接用于预测累计疲劳损伤,可显著提高分析效率。
针对不同结构形式的海洋低温软管承载层的监测,可以利用转驳过程整体水动力学分析和该层局部有限元分析相结合的方式,验证力学模型控制方程的有效范围,从而提出监测参数以实时获取管道曲率、轴向力及应力热点等结果。
(1)深入研究海洋软管的结构与施工设计,推动技术革新。结合国家的海洋强国与科技强国战略,制定海洋软管设计基础研究与技术发展的总体规划。充分利用高校和科研机构在理论研究和基础研究方面的优势,与工程实践经验丰富的关键企业合作,推动海洋软管的产-学-研-用创新链条,实现海洋软管设计理论与技术的全面进步。
(2)制定海洋软管示范线路建设的整体规划,推动国产化超深水海洋软管示范工程建设。选取各种工程背景下的海洋软管设计与应用基础较好的企业作为示范工程建设试点,建设国产化海洋软管示范工程,持续推进海洋软管应用技术试验平台、实时动态监测技术和体系化海洋软管施工准则的构建,创建世界上最为完备的海洋软管全场景体系化动力学试验链。
(3)推动海洋软管设计与施工标准体系建设,掌握国际海洋软管应用技术指标体系话语权。强化海洋软管动力学与控制工程的交叉融合,从深水服役环境的角度进行多层次研究,提出海洋软管的动力学试验技术、性能评估指标、关键参数等海洋软管设计相关技术标准体系。
在中国经济的快速增长和海洋强国战略的持续推进下,中国海洋软管应用技术已迈入技术攻坚的“深水区”。为了在更深远的海域油气资源开发中实现海洋软管的国产化生产与应用,必须攻克当前面临的发展瓶颈,在现有的海洋软管应用理论和技术研究的基础上,出台一系列政策措施,以促进海洋软管的国产化设计、生产、加工、应用、出口和运维。同时,鼓励国内企业和制造商建立一个全流程、全场景的海洋软管性能与参数匹配正向设计体系。此外,需要打破海洋软管领域研发、生产与工程应用之间的界限,通过有序的产业链变革,加强各方的联系与合作。这将为海洋软管技术在深远海油气资源开发中的应用提供坚实的支撑,推动中国海洋软管应用技术向更高水平发展。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52222111)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Figueredo A K M, Coelho D G, Miranda P P, et al. Subsea pipelines incidents prevention: A case study in Brazil[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2023, 83, doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2023.105007.
[2]
Lu H, Vaz M A, Caire M. A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads[J]. Marine Structures, 2020, 74, doi: 10.1016/j.ms.2020.102826.
[3]
赵天奉. 高温海底管道温度应力计算与屈曲模拟研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2008.
Zhao T F. Temperature stress calculation and buckling simulation research of high temperature subsea pipeline[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2008. (in Chinese)
[4]
Guha I, White D J, Randolph M F. Parametric solution of lateral buckling of submarine pipelines[J]. Applied Ocean Research, 2020, 98, doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2020.102077.
[5]
Liu S, Li H, Wang B, et al. Accelerating gas production of the depressurization-induced natural gas hydrate by electrical heating[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208, doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109735.
[6]
Liang B, Zhang J, Liu X. Nonlinear hysteretic modeling and parameter identification of steel strip winding reinforced composite pipe[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2021, 235, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108704.
[7]
Lei Q, Chen C, Zhu X. Tensile failure behavior of unbonded flexible riser with damaged tensile armor wires[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 267, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113112.
[8]
陈严飞, 何明畅, 宗优, 等. 非粘结柔性软管失效模式与控制措施研究进展[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(11): 122-131.
Chen Y F, He M C, Zong Y, et al. Research progress on failure modes and control measures of non-adhesive flexible hose[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(11): 122-131. (in Chinese)
[9]
Zhang J, Liang B, Deng Y, et al. Nonlinear hysteretic behavior of wound reinforced composite pipe with steel strip in service[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2022, 243, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.110302.
[10]
Dai T, Zhang J, Ren C, et al. Application of a data-driven approach for maximum fatigue damage prediction of an unbonded flexible riser[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2024, 306, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118053.
[11]
何杨烨, 谭健, 韩元明, 等. 海洋纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载拉力预测方法[J/OL]. 海洋工程, 2023[2024-01-14]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html.
He Y Y, Tan J, Han Y M, et al. Prediction method of ultimate load carrying tension for marine fiber reinforced thermoplastic risers[J/OL]. Ocean Engineering, 2023[2024-01-14]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/detail/32.1423.P.20230721.1600.004.html. (in Chinese)
[12]
Wang K, Yu X C, Zheng L J. Numerical investigation of gas permeation and condensation behavior of flexible risers[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108622.
[13]
Chen Q, Sun Q, Yan J, et al. Development and recent progress of hoses for cryogenic liquid transportation[J]. Polymers, 2024, 16(7): 905-919.
[14]
杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, 等. 浮式LNG生产储卸装置卸料系统研究[J]. 船舶与海洋工程, 2018, 34(3): 8-14.
Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, et al. Research on the offloading system of floating LNG production, storage and offloading units[J]. Journal of Ship and Ocean Engineering, 2018, 34(3): 8-14. (in Chinese)
[15]
Huang G, Wu W. Armored steel wire stress monitoring strategy of a flexible hose in LNG tandem offloading operation[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2023, 281, doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114775.
[16]
杨亮, 刘淼儿, 刘云, 等. FLNG低温软管技术现状与应用前景分析[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2019, 6(6): 810-818.
Yang L, Liu M E, Liu Y, et al. Analysis of current situation and application prospects of FLNG low temperature hose technology[J]. Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2019, 6(6): 810-818. (in Chinese)
[17]
李欣欣, 刘淼儿, 杨亮, 等. 低温柔性软管LNG输送技术及其工程应用研究[J]. 中国水运(下半月), 2020, 20(6): 121-123.
Li X X, Liu M E, Yang L, et al. Research on LNG transportation technology and engineering application of low temperature flexible hose[J]. China Water Transport (Second Half), 2020, 20(6): 121-123. (in Chinese)
[18]
张进, 安晨, 高强, 等. 海洋LNG低温软管结构设计与试验研究现状[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2020, 7(5): 300-310.
Zhang J, An C, Gao Q, et al. Current situation of structure design and test research of marine LNG low temperature hose[J]. Marine Engineering Equipment and Technology, 2020, 7(5): 300-310. (in Chinese)
[19]
杨亮, 刘淼儿, 范嘉堃, 等. LNG耐超低温柔性管道研究进展综述——工业应用与结构设计分析[J]. 力学学报, 2022, 54(10): 2904-2921.
Yang L, Liu M E, Fan J K, et al. A review on the research progress of LNG ultra-low temperature resistant flexible pipes: Industrial applications and structural design analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2022, 54(10): 2904-2921. (in Chinese)
[20]
谢彬, 喻西崇, 韩旭亮, 等. FLNG研究现状及在中国南海深远海气田开发中的应用前景[J]. 中国海上油气, 2017, 29(2): 127-134.
Xie B, Yu X C, Han X L, et al. Current research status of FLNG and its application prospects in the development of deep water gas fields in the South China Sea[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2017, 29(2): 127-134. (in Chinese)
2024年第3卷第2期
PDF下载
2921
1557
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007
  • 接收时间:2024-01-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
  • 发布时间:2024-06-26
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-13
  • 修回日期:2024-03-29
基金
国家自然科学基金(52222111)
作者信息
    1.中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京 100027
    2.清华大学深圳国际研究生院海洋工程研究院,深圳 518055
    3.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249
    4.中国石油大学(北京)安全与海洋工程学院,北京 102249

通讯作者:

†
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.007
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏