Article(id=1156999961624793535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1705161600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-14, revisedDate=1711555200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753779886871, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1718812800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1719331200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2024-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753779886871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072560554, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1156999961176003006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2024', volume='3', issue='2', pageStart='4', pageEnd='135', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1718812800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1753779886763, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1776075083414, updator='13041195026', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=Special Issue on Pipeline Transportation Engineering Science and Technology, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1250512793758286358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1156999961176003006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=管道运输工程科学与技术专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=39, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156999962136498625, articleId=1156999961624793535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Current Situation and Trends of Key Technologies for Integrated Multidimensional Oil and Gas Transportation, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Oil and gas transportation system is a transportation network system mainly composed of oil and gas pipeline networks, roads, railways, waterways, and other modes of transportation that are mutually independent and interrelated. However, China’s oil and gas transportation is still dominated by pipeline, road, railway, or waterway transportation modes. To meet the major demand for ensuring energy supply security, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the law of various oil and gas transportation modes, as well as the matching and connection relationship between different oil and gas transportation modes, so as to optimize the combination of multiple oil and gas transportation modes and delivery vehicles, transportation paths, and equipment and facilities. This paper summarized the transportation modes of natural gas, refined oil products, and crude oil, as well as the current situation of key technologies for pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation. It pointed out the development trend of integrating pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation modes, establishing an integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, and improving the economy, safety, timeliness, flexibility, and resilience of oil and gas transportation. The paper also presented challenges in five directions including a big data technology for oil and gas transportation, coupled mechanism of the transportation network, integrated and large-scale model simulation of the transportation system, optimization decision of transportation, and simulation and optimization platform research on integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation. Finally, the paper proposed theoretical and technical research and policy recommendations in terms of four aspects.

, authors=null, authorsList=Changjun LI, Bo YU, Duihong ZHANG, Yi YANG, Huai SU, Weichao YU, Dongxu HAN, Wenlong JIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenlong JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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油气调运系统是以油气管道为主体,道路、轨道、水路等多种调运方式协同构成、既相互独立性又彼此关联的交通运输网络系统,但中国的油气调运仍以单一管道、道路、轨道、水路调运方式为主。统筹考虑各种方式的油气调运规律,以及不同调运方式之间的匹配衔接关系,实现多种油气调运方式与运载工具组合、调运路径与设备设施的全局优化配置,是保障国家能源供应安全的重大需求。文章总结了天然气、成品油、原油的调运模式及管道、道路、轨道、水路调运的关键技术现状;指出了推动管道、道路、轨道、水路多种调运方式融合,建立油气综合立体调运系统,提升油气调运经济性、安全性、时效性、灵活性和韧性的发展趋势;阐述了油气综合立体调运大数据技术、调运网络耦合机制、调运系统一体化大模型仿真、调运优化决策、油气综合立体仿真优化调运平台开发5个方向面临的挑战;提出了4方面的理论技术研究和政策建议。

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李长俊,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级重点学科带头人。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,中国石油学会智库专家(首批),四川省学术和技术带头人。全国天然气标准化技术委员会工作组副组长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖4项,二等奖8项。出版教材、专著等8部,发表论文300余篇,授权发明专利56件。电子信箱:。

贾文龙,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级一流本科专业负责人。国家级青年人才计划入选者,四川省学术和技术带头人后备人选,成都市特聘专家。中国石油学会青年工作委员会副秘书长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖3项、二等奖7项。出版教材、专著等3部,发表论文120余篇,授权发明专利43件。电子信箱:。

, authorsList=李长俊, 宇波, 张对红, 杨毅, 苏怀, 虞维超, 韩东旭, 贾文龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=贾文龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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李长俊,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级重点学科带头人。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,中国石油学会智库专家(首批),四川省学术和技术带头人。全国天然气标准化技术委员会工作组副组长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖4项,二等奖8项。出版教材、专著等8部,发表论文300余篇,授权发明专利56件。电子信箱:。

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李长俊,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级重点学科带头人。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,中国石油学会智库专家(首批),四川省学术和技术带头人。全国天然气标准化技术委员会工作组副组长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖4项,二等奖8项。出版教材、专著等8部,发表论文300余篇,授权发明专利56件。电子信箱:。

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贾文龙,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级一流本科专业负责人。国家级青年人才计划入选者,四川省学术和技术带头人后备人选,成都市特聘专家。中国石油学会青年工作委员会副秘书长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖3项、二等奖7项。出版教材、专著等3部,发表论文120余篇,授权发明专利43件。电子信箱:。

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贾文龙,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级一流本科专业负责人。国家级青年人才计划入选者,四川省学术和技术带头人后备人选,成都市特聘专家。中国石油学会青年工作委员会副秘书长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖3项、二等奖7项。出版教材、专著等3部,发表论文120余篇,授权发明专利43件。电子信箱:。

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Domestic and international oil and gas industry development report 2023[M]. Beijng: Petroleum Industry Press, 2024. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632289489885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http//link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.te.20231118.1421.002, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=黄维和, 宫敬, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄维和, 宫敬. 天然气管道与管网多能融合技术展望[J/OL]. 油气储运, 2023[2024-01-14]. http//link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.te.20231118.1421.002., articleTitle=天然气管道与管网多能融合技术展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632344015838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http//link.cnki.net/urlid/13.1093.te.20231118.1421.002, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Huang W H, Gong J, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang W H, Gong J. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Review and prospect of natural gas transmission from pipeline to pipeline network to multi-energy fusion technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632411124703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=24, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘攀, 杨敏, journalName=前瞻科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘攀, 杨敏. 综合立体交通多网融合研究现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2023, 2(3): 24-33., articleTitle=综合立体交通多网融合研究现状与展望, refAbstract=交通运输系统由各种交通方式相对独立向更加注重一体化融合发展,是构建现代化高质量国家综合立体交通网的必由之路。文章在对综合立体交通多网融合要素构成与系统特征进行深入分析的基础上,结合交通强国和国家综合立体交通网建设的总目标,对综合立体交通多网融合的研究现状、发展需求和挑战进行系统梳理,提出了构建中国特色综合立体交通多网融合理论、建设国家综合立体交通决策支持平台、推进各种运输方式加快向“多网融合”演进、聚焦国家区域协同重大发展战略场景4个方向的重点任务,支撑构建便捷顺畅、经济高效、绿色集约、智能先进、安全可靠的综合交通运输系统。), Reference(id=1242113632474039264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=24, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Liu P, Yang M, journalName=Science and Technology Foresight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu P, Yang M. Progress and prospect of research on multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2023, 2(3): 24-33. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Progress and prospect of research on multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems, refAbstract=

Transportation system has evolved from relatively independent to integrated, which is a necessary path for constructing a modern and high-quality national comprehensive transportation network. Initially, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the constituent elements and system characteristics of the multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems. Targeting the goal of establishing national strength in transportation and constructing a national comprehensive transportation system, the study subsequently provides a thorough review of the current research progress, development needs, and potential challenges of multi-network integration of comprehensive transportation systems. Finally, it proposes four primary tasks: Constructing a basic theory of multi-network integration with Chinese characteristics; building a national comprehensive transportation decision support platform; promoting the acceleration of the evolution of different transportation modes towards ‘multi-network integration’; and focusing on national and regional collaborative developments within major strategic scenarios. These initiatives support the construction of a convenient, smooth, economically efficient, green, intensive, advanced, safe, and reliable comprehensive transportation system.

), Reference(id=1242113632541148129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=723, pageEnd=731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李长俊, 张员瑞, 贾文龙, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李长俊, 张员瑞, 贾文龙, 等. 大型天然气管网系统在线仿真方法及软件开发[J]. 油气储运, 2022, 41(6): 723-731., articleTitle=大型天然气管网系统在线仿真方法及软件开发, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632608256994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=6, pageStart=723, pageEnd=731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Li C J, Zhang Y R, Jia W L, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li C J, Zhang Y R, Jia W L, et al. Online simulation method and software development of large-scale natural gas pipeline network system[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2022, 41(6): 723-731. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Online simulation method and software development of large-scale natural gas pipeline network system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632666977251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=561, pageEnd=564, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=梁静华, 赵竹, 彭世垚, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁静华, 赵竹, 彭世垚, 等. 油气调运系统决策支持技术相关问题[J]. 油气储运, 2010, 29(8): 561-564., articleTitle=油气调运系统决策支持技术相关问题, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632767640548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=29, issue=8, pageStart=561, pageEnd=564, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Liang J H, Zhao Z, Peng S Y, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang J H, Zhao Z, Peng S Y, et al. Related issues about decision support for oil and gas transportation dispatching system[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2010, 29(8): 561-564. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Related issues about decision support for oil and gas transportation dispatching system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113632838943717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.02.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王玮, 苏怀, 孙文苑, journalName=前瞻科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王玮, 苏怀, 孙文苑, 等. 油气管道技术发展现状与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2023, 2(2): 161-167., articleTitle=油气管道技术发展现状与展望, refAbstract=文章在对比国内外油气管道建设现状的基础上,综述了中国油气管道关键技术发展现状及取得的主要成就,并结合“碳达峰、碳中和”战略与能源保供要求,展望了今后中国油气管道技术发展趋势,以期为后续油气管道相关技术发展提供借鉴。), Reference(id=1242113632893469670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.02.012, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Wang W, Su H, Sun W Y, journalName=Science and Technology Foresight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang W, Su H, Sun W Y, et al. Development status and prospect of oil and gas pipeline technologies[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2023, 2(2): 161-167. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Development status and prospect of oil and gas pipeline technologies, refAbstract=

On the basis of comparing the current situation of oil and gas pipeline construction in China and abroad, this paper summarizes the development status and main achievements of key technologies for oil and gas pipelines in China and puts forward the development trend and prospects of oil and gas pipeline technologies in China in the future based on the 30·60 goals and energy supply protection requirements, so as to provide a reference for the subsequent development of related oil and gas pipeline technologies.

), Reference(id=1242113632947995623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=9, pageStart=988, pageEnd=997, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=宫敬, 史博会, 李晓平, journalName=油气储运, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宫敬, 史博会, 李晓平, 等. 油气管网仿真技术在智能管网建设中的应用及展望[J]. 油气储运, 2023, 42(9): 988-997., articleTitle=油气管网仿真技术在智能管网建设中的应用及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113633006715880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=9, pageStart=988, pageEnd=997, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Gong J, Shi B H, Li X P, journalName=Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong J, Shi B H, Li X P, et al. Application of oil and gas pipeline network simulation technologies in construction of intelligent pipeline network and its prospect[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2023, 42(9): 988-997. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Application of oil and gas pipeline network simulation technologies in construction of intelligent pipeline network and its prospect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113633065436137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.22-FZ0917, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=12, pageStart=2595, pageEnd=2604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=崔正达, 姚维强, 徐琴, journalName=系统仿真学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔正达, 姚维强, 徐琴, 等. 基于演化博弈的低碳城市电网长期韧性仿真方法[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2022, 34(12): 2595-2604., articleTitle=基于演化博弈的低碳城市电网长期韧性仿真方法, refAbstract=极端灾害频发,城市电网韧性重要性日趋凸显。而在碳中和政策背景下,城市电网的低碳化转型将影响电网韧性发展。使用演化博弈理论对低碳城市电网的长期韧性仿真方法进行研究,建立电网韧性演化仿真模型。该模型考虑居民安装光储系统以及电网韧性升级决策,并基于仿真模型分析演化博弈均衡结果。建立考虑灾害随机性的韧性演化仿真模型。对上述模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果可以为低碳城市电网韧性发展决策提供参考。), Reference(id=1242113633128350698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.22-FZ0917, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=12, pageStart=2595, pageEnd=2604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Cui Z D, Yao W Q, Xu Q, journalName=Journal of System Simulation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cui Z D, Yao W Q, Xu Q, et al. Long-term resilience simulation on low-carbon urban grid based on evolutionary game[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(12): 2595-2604. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Long-term resilience simulation on low-carbon urban grid based on evolutionary game, refAbstract=

Because of the more frequent extreme disasters, the resilience of urban grid becomes more important. In the background of carbon neutralization policy, the decarbonization transition of urban grid also affects the development of grid resilience. An evolutionary game is used to simulate the resilience evolution of low-carbon urban grid and the evolution model is constructed. The decision to install photovoltaic and energy storage system for residents and to upgrade the grid for resilience is considered in the model and the stability conditions of equilibriums of the evolutionary game are analyzed. The resilience evolution simulation model considering disaster stochasticity is constructed and verified. The results can provide decision reference for the low-carbon urban grid resilience development.

), Reference(id=1242113633195459563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=1584, pageEnd=1600, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Herrán-González A, De La Cruz J M, De Andrés-Toro B, journalName=Applied Mathematical Modelling, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Herrán-González A, De La Cruz J M, De Andrés-Toro B, et al. Modeling and simulation of a gas distribution pipeline network[J]. 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A comprehensive review of road traffic simulation research[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2001, 1(2): 88-91. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A comprehensive review of road traffic simulation research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113633652638706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=125, pageEnd=136, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Shen Y, Zhang H M, Zhao J H, journalName=Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen Y, Zhang H M, Zhao J H. Integrating shared autonomous vehicle in public transportation system: A supply-side simulation of the first-mile service in Singapore[J]. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Simulation research on intelligent dispatching of train operation on single-track railway network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242113633845576693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.007, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=77, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=孙剑, 田野, 任刚, journalName=前瞻科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙剑, 田野, 任刚. 交通系统仿真技术发展趋势与展望[J]. 前瞻科技, 2023, 2(3): 77-85., articleTitle=交通系统仿真技术发展趋势与展望, refAbstract=交通仿真是复杂交通系统评估、分析与优化的核心技术手段,交通仿真系统是交通行业的工业基础软件,交通系统仿真技术则是中国道路交通行业的“卡脖子”关键技术。文章在对国内外交通系统仿真技术进行深入分析的基础上,结合交通强国建设的总目标,对交通系统仿真技术的发展现状、问题与挑战进行系统梳理,对中国交通系统仿真技术则的未来发展趋势进行展望,总结了可变颗粒度的仿真、深度仿真、数字孪生和仿真即服务4个方向的重点发展趋势,提出构建自主可控、安全可信、高效可用的交通仿真系统的对策建议。), Reference(id=1242113633908491254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2023.03.007, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=77, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Sun J, Tian Y, Ren G, journalName=Science and Technology Foresight, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun J, Tian Y, Ren G. 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Traffic simulation is a crucial tool to assess, analyze, and optimize the complex traffic system. Traffic simulation system serves as the fundamental industrial software in the realm of the traffic and transportation industry. Traffic system simulation technology is the key stranglehold problem in China’s traffic and transportation industry. Based on the in-depth analysis of traffic system simulation technology in China and abroad and the overall goal of building a country with a strong transportation network, this paper systematically combs the development status, issues and challenges of traffic system simulation technology and looks forward to the development trend of traffic systems simulation technology in China. It also summarizes four key development directions: multi-resolution simulation, deep simulation, digital twin, and simulation as a service. Finally, the development strategy is proposed to build an autonomous, controllable, safe, credible, efficient, and available traffic simulation system.

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College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242113628497839001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, companyId=1242113628481061783, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242113630834066378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, figureFileSmall=2yRcpZCh8FHNS2iuxRGHwQ==, figureFileBig=3/SAQapLZX+zEL1guHhpXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113630913758155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=图1, caption=油气综合立体调运系统示意图, figureFileSmall=2yRcpZCh8FHNS2iuxRGHwQ==, figureFileBig=3/SAQapLZX+zEL1guHhpXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631089918924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Natural gas transportation system and fluctuations of natural gas supply & consumption, figureFileSmall=PYePSeVVW87xlduhnxqWhw==, figureFileBig=kRO3vabBpojdW0s/RsHJFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631152833485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=图2, caption=天然气调运系统简图及天然气供需波动, figureFileSmall=PYePSeVVW87xlduhnxqWhw==, figureFileBig=kRO3vabBpojdW0s/RsHJFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631236719566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Refined oil product transportation system, figureFileSmall=SxnbOXP1nZ3f9xuZDlNABw==, figureFileBig=3MaEDsBGx+D4JnmJxM2KOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631295439823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=图3, caption=成品油调运系统简图, figureFileSmall=SxnbOXP1nZ3f9xuZDlNABw==, figureFileBig=3MaEDsBGx+D4JnmJxM2KOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631354160080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Structure of integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, figureFileSmall=8prSZ7Boq3/LNBb+Kah4ig==, figureFileBig=z1S5bJqR4drHyEA63gLxEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631412880337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=图4, caption=油气综合立体调运系统结构示意图, figureFileSmall=8prSZ7Boq3/LNBb+Kah4ig==, figureFileBig=z1S5bJqR4drHyEA63gLxEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631467406290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Complex giant structure of integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, figureFileSmall=pyH36bCkrRUS7f0kypZ55A==, figureFileBig=aI3wweY9RPi0FlXKT4MDww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631526126547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=图5, caption=油气综合立体调运复杂巨系统结构

SCADA, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition,数据采集与监视控制;GIS, Geographic Information System,地理信息系统。

, figureFileSmall=pyH36bCkrRUS7f0kypZ55A==, figureFileBig=aI3wweY9RPi0FlXKT4MDww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242113631584846804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Operation process of simulation and optimization platform for comprehensive oil and gas transportation

RTU, Remote Terminal Unit,

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远程终端单元。

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Main functional requirements and implications of oil and gas pipeline system transportation system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能需求 含义 功能需求 含义
水力计算 计算管道系统任意位置的油气压力、流量 工况预测 预测管道系统未来运行状态变化
热力计算 计算管道系统任意位置的油气温度 组分跟踪 计算管道系统任意位置的油气组分
能耗分析 计算管道系统的运行能耗 混油计算 计算成品油的混油分布
流动保障 油气管道堵塞、泄漏监测预警 应急响应 制定应急调度方案
运行优化 优化油气输送路径、设备设施配置 管网设计 制定经济、安全的设计方案
), ArticleFig(id=1242113631769396183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1156999961624793535, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

油气管道系统调运分析的主要功能需求及含义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能需求 含义 功能需求 含义
水力计算 计算管道系统任意位置的油气压力、流量 工况预测 预测管道系统未来运行状态变化
热力计算 计算管道系统任意位置的油气温度 组分跟踪 计算管道系统任意位置的油气组分
能耗分析 计算管道系统的运行能耗 混油计算 计算成品油的混油分布
流动保障 油气管道堵塞、泄漏监测预警 应急响应 制定应急调度方案
运行优化 优化油气输送路径、设备设施配置 管网设计 制定经济、安全的设计方案
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油气综合立体调运关键技术现状与趋势
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李长俊 1 , 宇波 2 , 张对红 3 , 杨毅 4 , 苏怀 5 , 虞维超 4 , 韩东旭 2 , 贾文龙 1, †
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024,3(2): 39-49
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2024, 3(2): 39-49
油气综合立体调运关键技术现状与趋势
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李长俊1 , 宇波2, 张对红3, 杨毅4, 苏怀5, 虞维超4, 韩东旭2, 贾文龙1, †
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,成都 610500
  • 2.北京石油化工学院机械工程学院,北京 102617
  • 3.国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学技术研究总院分公司,天津 300450
  • 4.国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司油气调控中心,北京 100028
  • 5.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249
  • 李长俊,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级重点学科带头人。享受国务院政府特殊津贴专家,中国石油学会智库专家(首批),四川省学术和技术带头人。全国天然气标准化技术委员会工作组副组长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖4项,二等奖8项。出版教材、专著等8部,发表论文300余篇,授权发明专利56件。电子信箱:。

    贾文龙,教授,博士研究生导师。西南石油大学“油气储运工程”国家级一流本科专业负责人。国家级青年人才计划入选者,四川省学术和技术带头人后备人选,成都市特聘专家。中国石油学会青年工作委员会副秘书长。主要从事油气管网系统仿真与优化教学和科研工作。获省部级奖励一等奖3项、二等奖7项。出版教材、专著等3部,发表论文120余篇,授权发明专利43件。电子信箱:。

通信作者:

†
†
Current Situation and Trends of Key Technologies for Integrated Multidimensional Oil and Gas Transportation
Changjun LI1 , Bo YU2, Duihong ZHANG3, Yi YANG4, Huai SU5, Weichao YU4, Dongxu HAN2, Wenlong JIA1, †
Affiliations
  • 1. Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
  • 3. PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300450, China
  • 4. PipeChina Oil & Gas Control Center, Beijing 100028, China
  • 5. College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
出版时间: 2024-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.004
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油气调运系统是以油气管道为主体,道路、轨道、水路等多种调运方式协同构成、既相互独立性又彼此关联的交通运输网络系统,但中国的油气调运仍以单一管道、道路、轨道、水路调运方式为主。统筹考虑各种方式的油气调运规律,以及不同调运方式之间的匹配衔接关系,实现多种油气调运方式与运载工具组合、调运路径与设备设施的全局优化配置,是保障国家能源供应安全的重大需求。文章总结了天然气、成品油、原油的调运模式及管道、道路、轨道、水路调运的关键技术现状;指出了推动管道、道路、轨道、水路多种调运方式融合,建立油气综合立体调运系统,提升油气调运经济性、安全性、时效性、灵活性和韧性的发展趋势;阐述了油气综合立体调运大数据技术、调运网络耦合机制、调运系统一体化大模型仿真、调运优化决策、油气综合立体仿真优化调运平台开发5个方向面临的挑战;提出了4方面的理论技术研究和政策建议。

综合立体  /  油气调运  /  多网融合  /  协同运行

Oil and gas transportation system is a transportation network system mainly composed of oil and gas pipeline networks, roads, railways, waterways, and other modes of transportation that are mutually independent and interrelated. However, China’s oil and gas transportation is still dominated by pipeline, road, railway, or waterway transportation modes. To meet the major demand for ensuring energy supply security, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the law of various oil and gas transportation modes, as well as the matching and connection relationship between different oil and gas transportation modes, so as to optimize the combination of multiple oil and gas transportation modes and delivery vehicles, transportation paths, and equipment and facilities. This paper summarized the transportation modes of natural gas, refined oil products, and crude oil, as well as the current situation of key technologies for pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation. It pointed out the development trend of integrating pipeline, road, railway, and waterway transportation modes, establishing an integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation system, and improving the economy, safety, timeliness, flexibility, and resilience of oil and gas transportation. The paper also presented challenges in five directions including a big data technology for oil and gas transportation, coupled mechanism of the transportation network, integrated and large-scale model simulation of the transportation system, optimization decision of transportation, and simulation and optimization platform research on integrated multidimensional oil and gas transportation. Finally, the paper proposed theoretical and technical research and policy recommendations in terms of four aspects.

integration of multidimensional systems  /  oil and gas transportation  /  multi-network integration  /  collaborative operation
李长俊, 宇波, 张对红, 杨毅, 苏怀, 虞维超, 韩东旭, 贾文龙. 油气综合立体调运关键技术现状与趋势. 前瞻科技, 2024 , 3 (2) : 39 -49 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.004
Changjun LI, Bo YU, Duihong ZHANG, Yi YANG, Huai SU, Weichao YU, Dongxu HAN, Wenlong JIA. Current Situation and Trends of Key Technologies for Integrated Multidimensional Oil and Gas Transportation[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2024 , 3 (2) : 39 -49 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.004
中国幅员辽阔,油气产地与消费市场存在明显的地理位置错位,大部分油气需要经过数千公里以上的长途运输才能抵达消费市场。经过近30年的发展,中国已初步建成了以管道为主体,道路、轨道、水路等多种调运方式构成的综合立体油气调运网络系统(图1),在保障国家能源供应安全、服务人民生活与经济社会发展方面发挥了重要作用[1]。
油气调运的主要任务是针对油气调运网络系统和不同的调运方式,分析油气的调运安全、调运效率、调运能力和供需平衡问题,将油气安全、经济、高效、及时地输送至用户。油气管道调运系统是由油气源、管道、储存和分销系统构成的连续的一体化水动力系统,其调运的难点在于根据动态变化的油气供应量和用户对不同油气资源的需求,协调系统内各设备设施的运行状态,选择合适的管输路径,以保持系统整体运行的连续性和平稳性[2]。道路、轨道、水路调运系统是由运载工具(汽车、列车、船舶等)、调运通道(道路、轨道、水路)、枢纽站场(储库、港口)等构成的交通运输系统,其调运的难点是需要根据供需情况,综合考虑气象条件、自然灾害、交通事故等外部环境因素对调运通道通行能力的影响,合理匹配运载工具、调运路径、调运周期、运载量和枢纽站场容量[3]。
油气管道输送具有输量大、效率高、成本低的优势,但其输送路径相对固定,在管道故障或损毁等事故条件下缺乏足够的灵活性和可靠性。道路、轨道、水路调运的效率和成本虽然不及管道,但其覆盖的地理区域更宽广、调运方式和路径更加灵活。通过管道与道路、轨道、水路油气调运的衔接和优势互补,可以提升油气调运的灵活性和韧性。不同调运方式之间的协同需不同行政区域、多个行业部门和众多的供应、消费、承运对象等多个相关主体参与和配合,但是由于各主体之间相互独立、多方式协同调运基础理论技术缺乏,中国目前的油气调运仍以管道、道路、轨道、水路单一调运方式为主,已逐渐不能适应油气综合立体调运的发展需求。
根据介质种类的不同,可将油气调运系统分为天然气、成品油、原油调运系统;根据调运方式的不同,可将油气调运系统分为管道、道路、轨道和水路调运系统。
天然气调运系统是由气源、管道、用户和储气库等“源-网-荷-储”各要素构成的规模庞大的调运系统。海上液化天然气(Liquified Natural Gas, LNG)运输船舶、国外管道进口气达到国内口岸后均与国产天然气一起通过陆地管道进行长距离输送,到达目的地后再通过城市燃气管道或压缩天然气(Compressed Natural Gas, CNG)、LNG运输车辆分销至最终用户(图2)[4]。天然气的调运主要面临3方面的难题。① 管道系统状态估计难。管道系统网络化特征突出,是由成千上万个管道和设施构成的一体化水动力系统,气源、用户、设施设备的运行参数变化牵一发而动全身,管道运行状态难以准确计算和预测。② 产运销平衡难。天然气的消费量存在小时、日、月等不同时间尺度上的不均衡性,但产气量却相对稳定,导致产运销平衡始终处于动态调整过程中;针对节假日、寒冷天气等极端情况,还需要预先估计用气需求并提前调配气源,以维持管道的连续稳定运行。③ 运行调度难。管道系统覆盖地域广泛,参与主体众多,管理和指挥控制机构各自为政,难以制定协调一致的运行计划以及管理控制措施。特别是中国天然气总体供不应求、主要气源和消费用户相距数千公里,而管道内天然气的运行速度仅20~60 km/h,一旦用户需求突然上升或关键管道发生故障损坏,将难以及时调度气源或更改输送路径以满足重要用户需求。用户需求和设施工况变化具有相对独立性,而管道系统调控必须考虑各用户与设施之间的相互协调,这为管网调运带来更大的困难。
成品油调运系统是由管道、轨道、道路、水路连接油源(炼油厂、油轮、国外进口原油管道等)、储库和用户组成的(图3)[5]。主要用于运输汽油、柴油、煤油产品,其调运除了需要考虑供需匹配和管道运行的连续性和稳定性外,还面临3方面难题。① 油品批次调度难。管道顺序输送多种不同的汽油、柴油、煤油产品,需要综合考虑不同用户需求,合理制定油品的批次输送计划。② 管输油品质量控制难。在管道内不同批次的交界面上会发生油品的掺混,影响油品质量。为此,需要跟踪各批次油品在管道内的位置,精准确定不同用户、不同油品分割下载的时间窗口。③ 多式联运匹配难。成品油一般要通过管道-轨道-道路联运才能分销至加油站等最终用户,因此成品油调运必须考虑管道与道路、轨道等调运方式的匹配性。
原油调运系统也是由管道、轨道、道路、水路连接油源、储库和炼油厂组成的。原油的调运主要是采用点对点调运方式,即将原油从油源(港口、油田、储库)运输至指定的炼油厂。国内生产或陆上进口的原油大多采用管道或轨道单独调运;海上进口的原油多采用水路-管道联运方式。原油大多富含蜡、胶质、沥青质等重质组分,容易在管道、罐车、储罐内出现原油凝结及胶质、沥青质等重质组分的沉积,堵塞管道和储运设施[6]。因此,原油的调运除了需要考虑供需匹配与不同调运方式的衔接外,还需要重点关注原油凝固点等调运安全问题。
油气管道调运的关键在于掌握管道系统内任意位置处油气压力、温度、流量、成分等工艺参数,设备的运行状态参数及其变化趋势,从而分析管道内的油气流向及分布、识别输送瓶颈、预测预警安全风险,制定运行安全、经济、高效的调度方案。面对日益复杂庞大的管道系统,上述任务需要依托管道系统调运仿真技术才能完成。
管道系统调运仿真是以油气调运的经济性、安全性为目标,根据管道系统内各管道、设备和节点等组成要素之间的连接关系,建立管道系统拓扑结构模型;基于流体力学和热力学原理,建立描述管道系统水力、热力参数动态变化的一体化仿真模型;通过求解模型,获取管道系统内任意位置处压力、温度、流量等工艺参数,支撑调运系统的规划设计、运行维护和应急保供[7]。管道系统调运仿真的核心功能包括水力计算、热力计算、工况预测、组分跟踪、混油计算、能耗分析、流动保障、运行优化和应急响应等,具体含义如表1所示。相比于同样是复杂能源输送网络的电网系统[8],油气管道系统调运仿真的难度主要体现为:需要考虑数十种不同类型油气产品的供需匹配并批次调运;管道内油气流速低,油气调运需要考虑更长的时效性;电流的传输遵循欧姆定律,而油气在管道内的流动遵循更加复杂的流体力学和热力学定律;油气管道除了面临本体故障和损坏风险外,还面临油气腐蚀、重质沉积物和水合物堵塞、油气泄漏等更加广泛的安全问题。
国外对于油气管道调运仿真技术的研究开始于20世纪70年代[9],目前已形成了较为成熟的商业软件体系,如德国DNV-GL公司的SPS、捷克SIMONE Research Group和德国LIWACOM公司联合开发的SIMONE等。这些软件在中国油气管道仿真市场的占有率超过了90%。中国油气管道系统仿真技术开始于20世纪80年代,至90年代末基本掌握了任意结构形式管道系统的建模及求解方法。西南石油大学、中国石油大学(北京)等开发了具有商业雏形的仿真软件,并应用于天然气、成品油、原油管道系统[4,7]。进入21世纪后,中国油气管道系统加快建设,仿真软件的发展面临黄金机遇期,但国外软件大量进入中国市场,严重冲击自主软件的研发和应用生态,致使软件国产化步伐缓慢。
近10年来,国际形势的变化和不断发生的国外断供事件使油气管道调运仿真软件面临的“卡脖子”问题凸显。突破国外限制,研发具有自主知识产权的软件产品成为业界共识。为此,各油气管道运营单位和科研院所均投入大量资源进行基础理论和软件研发。已基本实现管道系统仿真软件架构从C/S架构向B/S架构、仿真模式从离线仿真向在线仿真、适用规模从小型管道系统向大型复杂环状管道系统的快速发展[10]。当前,国产离线仿真软件的稳定性、容错率、适用性、计算精度、效率五大类核心技术指标已不低于国际先进水平[11],但在仿真软件功能的多样性、实时在线仿真、软件完成度等方面与国外还存在较大差距。
道路、轨道、水路油气调运的关键是掌握油气物资、运载工具在物流网络通道内的运行速度、位置、运动路径等状态参数及变化趋势,从而分析物流系统的调运能力、关键枢纽节点容量,优化运载工具组合和调运路径[12]。物流仿真技术是支撑道路、轨道和水路安全、经济、高效调运的核心技术。
物流仿真一般首先根据物流网络系统的组成,将网络分解为节点(枢纽站场、仓库、用户等)、弧段(连接各节点的道路、轨道、水路),并根据各级弧段和节点之间的连接关系建立物流网络拓扑模型;其次,根据汽车、列车、船舶的数量、位置、速度、运载量等运载工具属性参数,定义其运行轨迹、配送次序等行为规则参数,建立运载工具仿真模型;最后,集成物流网络拓扑模型和运载工具仿真模型,建立物流系统整体仿真模型,采用排队理论、连续/离散时间法、多智能体理论等方法求解模型,获得物流网络和运载工具、运输对象的运动状态及变化趋势[13]。
在物流仿真软件方面,俄罗斯XJ Technologies公司的AnyLogic软件、美国的Flexsim软件等在工厂物流、城市物流配送、列车运行调度、跨区域生活物资的应急调度等方面都得到了较为广泛的应用[14]。同济大学等也开展了相关交通运输仿真技术的研究[15]。
相比于一般的物流运输,通过道路、轨道、水路的油气物流调运具有4方面的特点。① 油气供应量波动及不确定性大。中国油气对外依存度大,油气供应易受国际和地区形势等不确定因素影响,面临极端情况断供风险。② 油气调运时空尺度跨度大。水路、道路、轨道调运系统覆盖的空间范围从数十公里至上万公里,调运时间从数小时至数月不等。③ 不同调运方式的耦合强。海外进口油气一般需要多种调运方式的联运才能到达目的地。例如,在LNG水路-管道-道路CNG联运、原油和成品油水路-轨道-管道-道路联合调运中,各种调运方式均需要良好匹配和衔接才能共同完成任务。④ 物流应急调运难度大。油气属易燃易爆危险化学品,可选择的调运通道、运载工具、运载量受到多种政策因素的制约。在极端天气、重大自然灾害、战争等突发事件下,还需考虑调运通道的通行能力、安全性等特殊问题进行应急调度。现有的物流仿真理论和方法一般未考虑供需波动、实时路况、突发事件等因素的影响,也难以适用于大跨度时空尺度的油气物流系统仿真,未来仍需结合油气物流的调运特点开展深入研究。
在油气调运系统中,管道、道路、轨道、水路等多种油气调运方式既相对独立又互相关联,不同调运方式既可独立运行,又存在接替运输的合作关系和此消彼长的竞争关系[2-3]。打破不同调运方式之间的界限,进行各种油气调运方式优化组合、有效衔接和一体化调运,不仅是实现更大区域、更大规模、更快速度、更低成本油气调运的发展趋势,更是保障国家能源供应安全的必然要求。
油气综合立体调运系统是在管道、道路、轨道、水路单一调运方式的基础上,通过系统集成和融合建立的多方式联合调运系统(图4)。油气综合立体调运的机制为:首先,采用水路、管道、轨道等多种方式,将大批量油气从海外油气田、港口调运至国内口岸,并与国产油气共同调运至储库等枢纽场站;其次,对于临近枢纽站场的用户,通过CNG运输车、油罐车、城市燃气管道进行就地油气分销;再次,对于远离枢纽站场的用户,继续通过管道、轨道长距离接替调运至邻近用户的分销终端;最后,通过道路或城市燃气管道将油气调运至最终用户。通过油气综合立体调运,不仅可以改变各种调运方式各自为主的局面、增加单一调运方式灵活性,还将通过发挥各种调运方式的比较优势和组合效率,精准补齐单一调运方式的短板,推动油气调运资源配置从单一方式的内部局部优化到全体系统整体优化的转变。例如,在由“西气东输”一线、二线、三线组成的管道调运系统中,当一条管道发生故障或损坏时,可通过增大其他管道的输量保障天然气的供应;在道路、轨道和水路调运中,当预定调运通道损毁或通行能力下降时,可以及时切换其他通道进行油气调运;同时,管道、道路、轨道、水路各种调运方式还可以相互转换,通过水路-管道-轨道-道路的多式联运,大幅提升油气调运灵活性和韧性。
管道、道路、轨道、水路多系统融合将显著增加油气调运网络覆盖的地域范围、结构的复杂性、运行状态的不确定性,多系统联合调运的供需特征、参与主体、任务目标、时空尺度将产生根本性变化,形成多对象、多因素、多维度、多时空尺度关联的复杂巨系统(图5)。如何统筹考虑各系统之间的匹配衔接关系和内外因素的影响,适配油气调运方式与运载工具组合,优化调运路径与设备设施配置,支撑油气的安全、经济、高效调运,是油气综合立体调运决策中面临的重大难题。为解决上述难题,亟须深化和提升油气综合立体调运大数据技术、调运网络耦合机制、调运系统一体化大模型仿真、调运优化决策等方面的基础理论与关键科学问题研究,开发油气仿真优化调运平台,促进管道、道路、轨道、水路油气调运的多系统融合。
油气综合立体调运网络系统的建立将使系统的内部参数(油气源供应量、用户需求量、运载工具、设备设施状态等)和影响系统运行的外部因素(政策、经济、社会、气象条件、道路通行能力等)激增,使不同调运系统之间的信息交流大大提升,产生海量复杂、异质多元、大范围时空关联数据。亟须打破行政区域与管道、道路、轨道、水路运输行业部门的“数字鸿沟”,研究各种调运方式的信息感知、数据处理方法,推进油气调运网络系统基础信息与数据的交换、融合、统一与共享,建立一体化信息平台;基于大数据及人工智能技术,深入挖掘调运网络系统内部参数、外部因素对油气调运安全性、经济性、时效性的影响,为油气调运系统仿真、调运方案优化决策奠定数据基础。
不同的油气调运系统主要在油气源、枢纽站场、分输终端等网络节点发生耦合,并影响调运网络的整体运行状态。在单一调运方式研究的基础上,探究管道、道路、轨道、水路油气调运系统的油气品类、调运量、调运周期对调运网络节点库容量、周转量、周转周期的影响,揭示各调运方式与网络节点的耦合运行机制;采用大数据分析、虚拟仿真、实证研究等方法,从调运成本、效率、时间等方面,探究不同调运方式间的竞争与合作关系并进行数学表征。在此基础上,剖析各种调运方式协同运行及状态变化对油气调运通道、网络节点输送与承载能力的影响规律,辨识各子系统工作界面、关键耦合节点,揭示油气综合立体调运网络的耦合运行规律。
基于一体化信息平台和综合立体调运系统的耦合机制,推动各子系统协同攻关和集成创新,突破极端天气、自然灾害、战争等极端环境下的油气多式联运混合连续/离散、智能体/非智能体系统一体化大模型仿真关键技术,包括超大规模可变网络系统的拓扑结构建模、超大规模混合离散连续/离散、智能体/非智能体动力学建模、超大规模仿真系统模型求解等核心技术。该技术需要适应中国特有的超大规模油气调运网络系统,获取环境数据信息、网络运行数据,实时分析和预测油气调运效率和调运能力。同时,还要能够实现可变时间和空间尺度的仿真,支撑不同地域层级(国家、省、市等)的不同主体(供应商、承运方、用户)在不同时间尺度(季度、月、日、小时)油气调运需求。
油气综合立体调运优化决策的目标是通过发挥各种调运方式的优势条件,实现油气安全、经济、及时调运。与传统的单一调运方式优化不同,油气综合立体调运优化决策是由多个产运销主体、多种调运方式共同参与,多种复杂约束条件下的多系统协同运行决策问题,涉及的优化目标、优化对象、决策变量、时空尺度更加复杂,传统的数学优化方法难以解决此类非线性巨系统的优化问题。亟须基于机理模型与数据驱动、人工智能相结合的方法,开展油气供应需求预测、调运能力分析、运载工具组合、设备设施配置与故障诊断等优化决策技术研究。例如,优化任务输量下管道系统内的泵、压缩机等主要耗能设备的组合运行方式,降低运行能耗;针对单一调运方式不能满足重要用户在极端情况下油气资源需求的情况,综合考虑调运通道堵塞、损坏等环境因素,提前制定道路、轨道、水路等多种调运方式的协同保供方案等。
油气综合立体仿真优化调运平台是开展油气调运系统数据采集与管理、网络状态分析与预测、调运方案决策的软件工具,是典型的应用型工业软件,具有鲜明的行业特色。该平台的开发需要在管道、道路、轨道、水路等单一调运仿真优化平台的基础上,通过系统集成才能实现。通过多学科联合攻关,开展多行业、多部门、多主体调运系统信息集成、大模型研究,开发具有完全自主知识产权的仿真优化调运平台。软件要求实现油气调运数据实时采集、供需预测、输配瓶颈分析、前景预测、韧性推演、调运优化、应急管控等核心功能(图6)。
1)注重基础研究,攻克核心难题
建设油气综合立体调运系统,推动油气调运从单一方式向多种方式协同的转变,是提升油气调运系统输配能力、输送效率和供应韧性的必然要求。虽然中国在油气调运领域取得了巨大成就,但在管道、道路、轨道、水路单一调运方式的仿真与优化决策方面与国际先进水平还存在较大差距,亟须攻克上述难题,为多系统融合奠定基础。围绕多系统融合产生的多主体、多层级、多维度、超大规模管道、道路、轨道、水路一体化调运基础理论和关键科学问题,深入研究油气综合立体调运网络耦合运行机制、调运网络状态演化、一体化大模型仿真与优化决策等关键理论与科学问题,为油气综合立体调运系统的建设和发展提供理论与技术支撑。
2)加强顶层设计,推动协同创新
油气综合立体调运系统的建设需要管道、道路、轨道、水路多行业、多部门的协同配合。从油气调运保障国家安全、服务人民需要和经济社会发展的战略高度出发,以“全国一盘棋”的思想进行顶层设计。打破管道、道路、轨道、水路运输系统在油气调配领域的行业和部门壁垒,鼓励国家石油天然气管网集团等行业机构引领,整合全国石油天然气、交通运输、计算机、工业软件等领域的高校、研究院所等中坚力量,建立国家级油气综合立体调运科技创新联盟。加强协同创新,推动油气综合立体调运技术研究纳入科学技术部、交通运输部科技发展规划、重点研发计划等。
3)推动系统融合技术开发,打造油气综合立体调运大平台
油气综合立体调运大平台是实现管道、道路、轨道、水路等多种油气调运系统一体化指挥控制的关键工具。首先,打造油气调运大数据平台,实现跨行业、跨部门、跨区域信息交流和融合;其次,充分应用人工智能、大数据技术,挖掘管道、道路、轨道、水路油气调运子系统之间的内在关联;最后,通过各子系统仿真与优化决策等关键技术的深度融合,建立油气综合立体调运大平台,为油气的安全、高效调运提供理论和技术支撑。
4)强化示范应用,建立研发生态
聚焦油气综合立体调运系统全生命周期的典型场景,在京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区、成渝双城经济圈等油气生产、消费集中区域,开展油气综合立体调运技术示范应用。在此过程中,一方面培育用户群体,聚集和培养人才团队;另一方面研究多方协同、产学研用的油气调运仿真优化软件商业化推广机制,建立研发生态,促进行业的长期、稳定、健康发展。
中国已初步建设形成了以管道为主体,道路、轨道、水路等多种方式协同构成的油气调运网络,但在实际设计和运行管理中人为割裂了各子系统之间的联系。充分发挥油气管道系统的核心链条作用,促进管道、道路、轨道、水路油气调运多行业、多部门的配合,推进协同创新,深入研究多系统融合产生的油气综合立体调运大数据技术、油气综合立体调运网络耦合机制、一体化大模型仿真、优化决策等关键理论与科学问题,自主研发油气仿真优化调运平台,推动成果转化落地和示范应用,实现油气管网的一体化调运,对于提升油气调运效率和输配能力、降低调运成本、提高系统灵活性和韧性具有重要意义。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52372344)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52274065)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52074238)
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2024年第3卷第2期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2024.02.004
  • 接收时间:2024-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-06-20
  • 发布时间:2024-06-26
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-14
  • 修回日期:2024-03-28
基金
国家自然科学基金(52372344)
国家自然科学基金(52274065)
国家自然科学基金(52074238)
作者信息
    1.西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院,成都 610500
    2.北京石油化工学院机械工程学院,北京 102617
    3.国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司科学技术研究总院分公司,天津 300450
    4.国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司油气调控中心,北京 100028
    5.中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院,北京 102249

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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