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前瞻科技
| 前瞻 2025, 4(1): 4-5
加快科技创新,开启新材料强国建设新篇章
全屏
干勇
作者信息
Affiliations
出版时间: 2025-03-20
文章导航
干勇.
加快科技创新,开启新材料强国建设新篇章.
前瞻科技,
2025
, 4
(1)
: 4
-5
.
.
Science and Technology Foresight,
2025
, 4
(1)
: 4
-5
.
“一代材料,一代技术,一代装备”,新材料是支撑经济社会和国防事业发展的物质基础,是大国竞争的焦点领域之一。党中央高度重视新材料发展,习近平总书记指出:“新材料产业是战略性、基础性产业,也是高技术竞争的关键领域,我们要奋起直追、迎头赶上。”当前和今后一段时期是我国推进科技强国建设和实现高水平科技自立自强的关键时期。加快新材料领域科技创新,以科技创新推动新材料产业健康发展,为科技强国建设提供坚实的物质保障,是新材料领域发展的重要任务。
1 新材料科技创新取得显著成就,支撑保障能力不断提升
收起
新材料处于产业链上游,贯穿生产、分配、流通、消费各环节,对下游应用领域的支撑保障能力是衡量其发展水平的最重要标志。我国新材料科技和产业发展起步晚、底子薄。2011年工业和信息化部对我国20余家大型骨干企业进行的调研结果表明,在国民经济亟需的130种关键材料中只有14%左右国内可以完全自给。10余年来,通过国家在新材料领域持续的政策支持和各类科研计划的布局实施,以及科技工作者的长期攻关,我国新材料研发与应用取得了丰硕的成果,支撑保障能力大幅提升,自主创新能力不断增强。特别是中美贸易争端以来,各方高度关注短板材料,开展了一系列攻关项目,取得了明显成效。2022年,国家新材料产业发展专家咨询委员会梳理了11个重点领域54个关键应用系统所用的近千种关键材料,结果显示我国新材料平均自给率达到54%,新材料供给保障能力显著提升。
总体来看,我国新材料发展取得了举世瞩目的进步,实现了阶段性跨越。我国新材料产业已从“以解决有无问题为主”的规模扩张阶段,跨越到以满足国家重大战略需求、提升国际竞争力为主的高质量发展阶段;材料科技创新模式已从“以跟踪仿制为主”转变为“跟踪仿制与自主创新并举”。
2 推动科技创新模式实现根本性转变,坚定迈入全球新材料第一梯队
收起
全球新材料发展呈现三级梯队竞争格局,当前我国处于第二梯队。美国、日本、欧盟等仍然是新材料领域的主导者,在核心技术、研发能力、高端材料市场占有率等方面具有较大优势。我国新材料发展取得了举世瞩目的进步,但也面临一些突出问题。例如,虽然我国通用型中、低工艺要求的材料已基本达到安全保障的水平,但高端材料技术水平较发达国家仍有较大差距,新材料基础性、原创性成果不足,核心技术掌握不够等。
我国新材料发展面临着严峻的外部环境,美国、日本、欧盟为了巩固其垄断地位,不断出台对我国的限制措施,并加速抢夺下一代材料发展制高点。同时我国也面临着巨大的发展机遇。一是随着发展新质生产力和建设现代化产业体系,我国新一代信息技术、新能源、装备制造、航空航天、轨道交通、海洋工程、健康医疗等产业快速发展,为新材料提供了最繁荣的应用场景,牵引新材料技术不断迭代升级,创造释放巨大的市场增量。二是随着人工智能的快速发展,不断向新材料研发和制造赋能,材料科学研究进入“密集数据+人工智能”的第四范式。我国有望凭借在材料实验和应用等方面的大数据优势,加上在材料基因工程技术上的持续布局和多年积累,实现“AI+材料”的换道超车。
当前是我国新材料发展的关键时期。一方面是美西方的技术封锁和围堵,我国很难从国际上获得现成的高端技术;另一方面是我国进入高质量发展新阶段,许多研究工作进入“无人区”,必须自主寻觅路径。党的二十大报告提出,到2035年“实现高水平科技自立自强,进入创新型国家前列”。要实现高水平科技自立自强,我国的科技创新模式不能再以跟踪仿制为主,而应“以我为主、主动发展”。我国新材料领域的阶段发展目标是2030年左右迈入全球第一梯队,2035年基本建成支撑科技强国建设的新材料强国。为实现以上目标,必须着力构建适应新时期发展需求的“AI+材料”技术体系,并在此基础上着力推动材料科技创新模式实现向“以自主创新为主”的根本性转变。
为此,我国应在以下方面持续发力。一是着力集聚资源,推动新材料领域的研发投入强度达到美国、日本、欧盟的平均水平,支撑我国在重大科学问题、关键前沿技术研究上不掉队。二是着力构建体系,包括技术体系、平台体系、人才体系等,完善支撑新材料领域可持续发展的软硬件设施条件。三是着力夯实基础,更加重视基础研究工作,埋下支撑颠覆性创新的“种子”。四是着力营造生态,鼓励科技工作者勇于开拓、积极开展原创性研究,培育一大批“华为式”的企业,形成欣欣向荣的创新环境。
在迎来“十四五”收官、“十五五”开局的重要时刻,《前瞻科技》出版新材料前沿专刊,聚焦前沿技术热点方向,展示多位院士专家的最新成果,期望得到各方面更多的关注和支持,共同开启新材料强国建设新篇章。
2025年第4卷第1期
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- 出版时间:2025-03-20
- 发布时间:2025-03-27
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/1148708270770025230
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| | | | | 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 |
| | | | | 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 |
| | | | | 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 |
| | | | | 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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