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Under the dual impetus of global carbon neutrality goals and energy security strategies, nanowire energy storage materials and devices have emerged as a pivotal engine driving the development of next-generation high-performance energy storage technologies, owing to their unique structural advantages and performance scalability. This article systematically summarized the groundbreaking advancements of nanowire materials in fields such as energy storage batteries and flexible and micro-nano energy storage devices and highlighted their critical value in strategic scenarios including rapid response in new power systems, autonomous energy supply for flexible electronics, and high energy density requirements in low-altitude economies. Furthermore, to address challenges such as the lack of multi-physics field coupling regulation mechanisms, unclear multi-particle collaborative transport mechanisms, and contradictions in cross-scale functional integration, the article proposed the establishment of a synergistic innovation system encompassing “fundamental theory, device engineering, and industrial ecology.” By leveraging multi-field coupled in-situ characterization, external field synergistic manufacturing, and data-driven research paradigms, the article aims to facilitate the transition of technology from laboratory to industrialization, thereby providing strategic support for securing a leading position in global energy storage technology.

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在全球碳中和目标与能源安全战略的双重驱动下,纳米线储能材料与器件凭借其独特的结构优势与性能可扩展性,已成为推动下一代高性能储能技术发展的核心引擎。文章系统总结了纳米线材料在储能电池、柔性及微纳储能器件等领域的突破性进展,揭示其在新型电力系统快速响应、柔性电子能源自主化、低空经济高能量密度需求等战略场景中的关键价值。同时,针对多物理场耦合调控机制缺失、多粒子协同输运机制不明及跨尺度功能集成矛盾等挑战,提出构建“基础理论-器件工程-产业生态”协同创新体系,通过多场耦合原位表征、外场协同制造及数据驱动研发范式,推动技术从实验室向产业化跃迁,为抢占全球储能技术制高点提供战略支撑。

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韩康,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新型钾离子电池和高快充型熔融盐离子电池。作为核心成员参与了“飞秒光场调控制备新型柔性电子材料及器件”“分级介孔纳米线钾离子电池正极材料的表界面调控及原位作用机制”等多项国家级科研项目。在Advanced Function Materials、Nano Energy、Agnew、Chem等期刊发表10余论文。电子信箱:

麦立强,博士研究生导师,武汉理工大学副校长、首席教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,英国皇家化学会会士,中国微米纳米技术学会会士,中国化学会会士。主要从事新能源材料与器件科学技术及应用研究。以第一完成人获国家自然科学二等奖、何梁何利基金科学与技术创新奖、国际电化学能源科学与技术大会卓越研究奖、国际车用锂电池协会卓越研究奖、国家教学成果二等奖、教育部/湖北省自然科学一等奖(3项)和中国材料研究学会技术发明一等奖,连续5年入选科睿唯安全球高被引科学家。电子信箱:

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韩康,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新型钾离子电池和高快充型熔融盐离子电池。作为核心成员参与了“飞秒光场调控制备新型柔性电子材料及器件”“分级介孔纳米线钾离子电池正极材料的表界面调控及原位作用机制”等多项国家级科研项目。在Advanced Function Materials、Nano Energy、Agnew、Chem等期刊发表10余论文。电子信箱:

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韩康,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新型钾离子电池和高快充型熔融盐离子电池。作为核心成员参与了“飞秒光场调控制备新型柔性电子材料及器件”“分级介孔纳米线钾离子电池正极材料的表界面调控及原位作用机制”等多项国家级科研项目。在Advanced Function Materials、Nano Energy、Agnew、Chem等期刊发表10余论文。电子信箱:

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麦立强,博士研究生导师,武汉理工大学副校长、首席教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,英国皇家化学会会士,中国微米纳米技术学会会士,中国化学会会士。主要从事新能源材料与器件科学技术及应用研究。以第一完成人获国家自然科学二等奖、何梁何利基金科学与技术创新奖、国际电化学能源科学与技术大会卓越研究奖、国际车用锂电池协会卓越研究奖、国家教学成果二等奖、教育部/湖北省自然科学一等奖(3项)和中国材料研究学会技术发明一等奖,连续5年入选科睿唯安全球高被引科学家。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=Wl+bKDYNI7DbCpB9VSHo8g==, bioContent=

麦立强,博士研究生导师,武汉理工大学副校长、首席教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,英国皇家化学会会士,中国微米纳米技术学会会士,中国化学会会士。主要从事新能源材料与器件科学技术及应用研究。以第一完成人获国家自然科学二等奖、何梁何利基金科学与技术创新奖、国际电化学能源科学与技术大会卓越研究奖、国际车用锂电池协会卓越研究奖、国家教学成果二等奖、教育部/湖北省自然科学一等奖(3项)和中国材料研究学会技术发明一等奖,连续5年入选科睿唯安全球高被引科学家。电子信箱:

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State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329324098269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329307321051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉理工大学材料复合新技术全国重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430070)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242114330276205305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=nanowire energy storage material), Keyword(id=1242114330364285690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=nanowire device), Keyword(id=1242114330414617339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=multi-field coupling regulation), Keyword(id=1242114330460754684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=in-situ characterization), Keyword(id=1242114330515280637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=纳米线储能材料), Keyword(id=1242114330569806590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=纳米线器件), Keyword(id=1242114330611749631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=多场耦合调控), Keyword(id=1242114332100727552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=原位表征)], refs=[Reference(id=1242114333501625107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Fetting C, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fetting C. 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Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2020., articleTitle=Energy storage grand challenge: Energy storage market report, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333619065621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=22, issue=8, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Liu C, Li F, Ma L P, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C, Li F, Ma L P, et al. Advanced materials for energy storage[J]. Advanced Materials, 2010, 22(8): E28-E62, doi: 10.1002/adma.200903328., articleTitle=Advanced materials for energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333686174486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/cr500177a, pmid=25290387, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=114, issue=23, pageStart=11828, pageEnd=11862, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Mai L Q, Tian X C, Xu X, journalName=Chemical Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mai L Q, Tian X C, Xu X, et al. Nanowire electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23): 11828-11862., articleTitle=Nanowire electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333744894743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00326, pmid=31566351, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=119, issue=20, pageStart=11042, pageEnd=11109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Zhou G M, Xu L, Hu G W, journalName=Chemical Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou G M, Xu L, Hu G W, et al. Nanowires for electrochemical energy storage[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2019, 119(20): 11042-11109., articleTitle=Nanowires for electrochemical energy storage, refAbstract=Nanomaterials provide many desirable properties for electrochemical energy storage devices due to their nanoscale size effect, which could be significantly different from bulk or micron-sized materials. Particularly, confined dimensions play important roles in determining the properties of nanomaterials, such as the kinetics of ion diffusion, the magnitude of strain/stress, and the utilization of active materials. Nanowires, as one of the representative one-dimensional nanomaterials, have great capability for realizing a variety of applications in the fields of energy storage since they could maintain electron transport along the long axis and have a confinement effect across the diameter. In this review, we give a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art research progress on nanowires for electrochemical energy storage, from rational design and synthesis, structural characterizations, to several important applications in energy storage including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. The problems and limitations in electrochemical energy storage and the advantages in utilizing nanowires to address the issues and improve the device performance are pointed out. At the end, we also discuss the challenges and demonstrate the prospective for the future development of advanced nanowire-based energy storage devices.), Reference(id=1242114333803615000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=32, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Yu K S, Pan X L, Zhang G B, journalName=Advanced Energy Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu K S, Pan X L, Zhang G B, et al. Nanowires in energy storage devices: Structures, synthesis, and applications[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(32): 1802369, doi: 10.1002/aenm.201802369., articleTitle=Nanowires in energy storage devices: Structures, synthesis, and applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333849752345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=30, issue=48, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=Wang J L, Hassan M, Liu J W, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang J L, Hassan M, Liu J W, et al. Nanowire assemblies for flexible electronic devices: Recent advances and perspectives[J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(48): 1803430, doi: 10.1002/adma.201803430., articleTitle=Nanowire assemblies for flexible electronic devices: Recent advances and perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333912666906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=323, pageEnd=341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Zhang L, Song T T, Shi L X, journalName=Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang L, Song T T, Shi L X, et al. Recent progress for silver nanowires conducting film for flexible electronics[J]. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 2021, 11(3): 323-341., articleTitle=Recent progress for silver nanowires conducting film for flexible electronics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114333971387163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/nn204848r, pmid=22364279, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=6, issue=3, pageStart=1888, pageEnd=1900, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Liu X, Long Y Z, Liao L, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Long Y Z, Liao L, et al. Large-scale integration of semiconductor nanowires for high-performance flexible electronics[J]. ACS Nano, 2012, 6(3): 1888-1900., articleTitle=Large-scale integration of semiconductor nanowires for high-performance flexible electronics, refAbstract=High-performance flexible electronics has attracted much attention in recent years due to potential applications in flexible displays, artificial skin, radio frequency identification, sensor tapes, etc. Various materials such as organic and inorganic semiconductor nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc. have been explored as the active semiconductor components for flexible devices. Among them, inorganic semiconductor nanowires are considered as highly promising materials due to their relatively high carrier mobility, reliable control on geometry and electronic properties, and cost-effective synthesis processes. In this review, recent progress on the assembly of high-performance inorganic semiconductor nanowires and their applications for large-scale flexible electronics will be summarized. In particular, nanowire-based integrated circuitry and high-frequency electronics will be highlighted.© 2012 American Chemical Society), Reference(id=1242114334030107420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/acsnano.2c11733, pmid=37432675, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=17, issue=14, pageStart=12971, pageEnd=12999, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Law J, Yu J F, Tang W T, journalName=ACS Nano, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Law J, Yu J F, Tang W T, et al. Micro/nanorobotic swarms: From fundamentals to functionalities[J]. ACS Nano, 2023, 17(14): 12971-12999., articleTitle=Micro/nanorobotic swarms: From fundamentals to functionalities, refAbstract=Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the principles of natural swarms and leverage them for creating artificial swarms. To date, the underlying physics; techniques for actuation, navigation, and control; field-generation systems; and a research community are now in place. This Review reviews the fundamental principles and applications of micro/nanorobotic swarms. The generation mechanisms of the emergent collective behaviors among the micro/nanoagents identified over the past two decades are elucidated. The advantages and drawbacks of different techniques, existing control systems, major challenges, and potential prospects of micro/nanorobotic swarms are discussed.), Reference(id=1242114334084633373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Sharon M, journalName=Nanotechnology’s entry into the defense arena, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharon M. Nanotechnology’s entry into the defense arena[M]//Nanotechnology in the Defense Industry: Advances, Innovation, and Practical Applications. Hoboken: Wiley, 2019: 1-35., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334147547934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1038/nnano.2007.411, pmid=18654447, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=31, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Chan C K, Peng H, Liu G, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chan C K, Peng H, Liu G, et al. High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2008, 3(1): 31-35., articleTitle=High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires, refAbstract=There is great interest in developing rechargeable lithium batteries with higher energy capacity and longer cycle life for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and implantable medical devices. Silicon is an attractive anode material for lithium batteries because it has a low discharge potential and the highest known theoretical charge capacity (4,200 mAh g(-1); ref. 2). Although this is more than ten times higher than existing graphite anodes and much larger than various nitride and oxide materials, silicon anodes have limited applications because silicon's volume changes by 400% upon insertion and extraction of lithium which results in pulverization and capacity fading. Here, we show that silicon nanowire battery electrodes circumvent these issues as they can accommodate large strain without pulverization, provide good electronic contact and conduction, and display short lithium insertion distances. We achieved the theoretical charge capacity for silicon anodes and maintained a discharge capacity close to 75% of this maximum, with little fading during cycling.), Reference(id=1242114334197879583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=He P, Zhang G B, Liao X B, journalName=Advanced Energy Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He P, Zhang G B, Liao X B, et al. Sodium ion stabilized vanadium oxide nanowire cathode for high-performance zinc-ion batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(10): 1702463, doi: 10.1002/aenm.201702463., articleTitle=Sodium ion stabilized vanadium oxide nanowire cathode for high-performance zinc-ion batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334264988448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=19, issue=21, pageStart=3712, pageEnd=3716, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Mai L Q, Hu B, Chen W, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mai L Q, Hu B, Chen W, et al. Lithiated MoO3 nanobelts with greatly improved performance for lithium batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2007, 19(21): 3712-3716., articleTitle=Lithiated MoO3 nanobelts with greatly improved performance for lithium batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334327903009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/ja409027s, pmid=24219156, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=135, issue=48, pageStart=18176, pageEnd=18182, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Yan M, Wang F, Han C, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan M, Wang F, Han C, et al. Nanowire templated semihollow bicontinuous graphene scrolls: Designed construction, mechanism, and enhanced energy storage performance[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(48): 18176-18182., articleTitle=Nanowire templated semihollow bicontinuous graphene scrolls: Designed construction, mechanism, and enhanced energy storage performance, refAbstract=Graphene scrolls have been widely investigated for applications in electronics, sensors, energy storage, etc. However, graphene scrolls with tens of micrometers in length and with other materials in their cavities have not been obtained. Here nanowire templated semihollow bicontinuous graphene scroll architecture is designed and constructed through "oriented assembly" and "self-scroll" strategy. These obtained nanowire templated graphene scrolls can achieve over 30 μm in length with interior cavities between the nanowire and scroll. It is demonstrated through experiments and molecular dynamic simulations that the semihollow bicontinuous structure construction processes depend on the systemic energy, the curvature of nanowires, and the reaction time. Lithium batteries based on V3O7 nanowire templated graphene scrolls (VGSs) exhibit an optimal performance with specific capacity of 321 mAh/g at 100 mA/g and 87.3% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2000 mA/g. The VGS also shows a high conductivity of 1056 S/m and high capacity of 162 mAh/g at a large density of 3000 mA/g with only 5 wt % graphene added which are 27 and 4.5 times as high as those of V3O7 nanowires, respectively. A supercapacitor made of MnO2 nanowire templated graphene scrolls (MGSs) also shows a high capacity of 317 F/g at 1A/g, which is over 1.5 times than that of MnO2 nanowires without graphene scrolls. These excellent energy storage capacities and cycling performance are attributed to the unique structure of the nanowire templated graphene scroll, which provides continuous electron and ion transfer channels and space for free volume expansion of nanowires during cycling. This strategy and understanding can be used to synthesize other nanowire templated graphene scroll architectures, which can be extended to other fabrication processes and fields.), Reference(id=1242114334390817570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=738, pageEnd=744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Cai Z, Xu L, Yan M, journalName=Nano Letters, American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cai Z, Xu L, Yan M, et al. Manganese oxide/carbon yolk-shell nanorod anodes for high capacity lithium batteries[J]. Nano Letters, American Chemical Society, 2015, 15(1): 738-744., articleTitle=Manganese oxide/carbon yolk-shell nanorod anodes for high capacity lithium batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334457926435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=24, issue=48, pageStart=6502, pageEnd=6506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Shen L F, Uchaker E, Zhang X G, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen L F, Uchaker E, Zhang X G, et al. Hydrogenated Li4Ti5O12 nanowire arrays for high rate lithium ion batteries[J]. Advanced Materials, 2012, 24(48): 6502-6506., articleTitle=Hydrogenated Li4Ti5O12 nanowire arrays for high rate lithium ion batteries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334529229604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=489, issue=null, pageStart=151025, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Liang S H, Guan H, Zhang H N, journalName=Chemical Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liang S H, Guan H, Zhang H N, et al. Intelligent off/on switchable electromagnetic wave absorbing material based on VO2 nanowires[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 489: 151025, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151025., articleTitle=Intelligent off/on switchable electromagnetic wave absorbing material based on VO2 nanowires, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334583755557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=26067281, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=7402, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Niu C J, Meng J S, Wang X P, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Niu C J, Meng J S, Wang X P, et al. General synthesis of complex nanotubes by gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7402, doi: 10.1038/ncomms8402., articleTitle=General synthesis of complex nanotubes by gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis, refAbstract=Niu, Chaojiang; Meng, Jiashen; Wang, Xuanpeng; Han, Chunhua; Yan, Mengyu; Zhao, Kangning; Xu, Xiaoming; Ren, Wenhao; Zhao, Yunlong; Zhang, Qingjie; Zhao, Dongyuan; Mai, Liqiang Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Zhao, Yunlong; Xu, Lin Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.), Reference(id=1242114334646670118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=2, issue=null, pageStart=381, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Mai L Q, Yang F, Zhao Y L, journalName=Nature Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mai L Q, Yang F, Zhao Y L, et al. Hierarchical MnMoO4/CoMoO4 heterostructured nanowires with enhanced supercapacitor performance[J]. Nature Communications, 2011, 2: 381, doi: 10.1038/ncomms1387., articleTitle=Hierarchical MnMoO4/CoMoO4 heterostructured nanowires with enhanced supercapacitor performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334705390375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=36, issue=26, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Yue Y, Zhang D, Wang P Y, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yue Y, Zhang D, Wang P Y, et al. Large-area flexible carbon nanofilms with synergistically enhanced transmittance and conductivity prepared by reorganizing single-walled carbon nanotube networks[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(26): 2313971, doi: 10.1002/adma.202313971., articleTitle=Large-area flexible carbon nanofilms with synergistically enhanced transmittance and conductivity prepared by reorganizing single-walled carbon nanotube networks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334764110632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=106, issue=null, pageStart=108067, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Kim J, Kim M, Jung H, journalName=Nano Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kim J, Kim M, Jung H, et al. Ultrastable 2D material-wrapped copper nanowires for high-performance flexible and transparent energy devices[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 106: 108067, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.108067., articleTitle=Ultrastable 2D material-wrapped copper nanowires for high-performance flexible and transparent energy devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114334818636585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1038/s41565-024-01658-6, pmid=38684805, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=19, issue=8, pageStart=1158, pageEnd=1167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Xu Y D, Ye Z L, Zhao G G, journalName=Nature Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Y D, Ye Z L, Zhao G G, et al. Phase-separated porous nanocomposite with ultralow percolation threshold for wireless bioelectronics[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2024, 19(8): 1158-1167., articleTitle=Phase-separated porous nanocomposite with ultralow percolation threshold for wireless bioelectronics, refAbstract=Realizing the full potential of stretchable bioelectronics in wearables, biomedical implants and soft robotics necessitates conductive elastic composites that are intrinsically soft, highly conductive and strain resilient. However, existing composites usually compromise electrical durability and performance due to disrupted conductive paths under strain and rely heavily on a high content of conductive filler. Here we present an in situ phase-separation method that facilitates microscale silver nanowire assembly and creates self-organized percolation networks on pore surfaces. The resultant nanocomposites are highly conductive, strain insensitive and fatigue tolerant, while minimizing filler usage. Their resilience is rooted in multiscale porous polymer matrices that dissipate stress and rigid conductive fillers adapting to strain-induced geometry changes. Notably, the presence of porous microstructures reduces the percolation threshold (V = 0.00062) by 48-fold and suppresses electrical degradation even under strains exceeding 600%. Theoretical calculations yield results that are quantitatively consistent with experimental findings. By pairing these nanocomposites with near-field communication technologies, we have demonstrated stretchable wireless power and data transmission solutions that are ideal for both skin-interfaced and implanted bioelectronics. The systems enable battery-free wireless powering and sensing of a range of sweat biomarkers-with less than 10% performance variation even at 50% strain. Ultimately, our strategy offers expansive material options for diverse applications.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.), Reference(id=1242114334881551146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=9, pageStart=2410, pageEnd=2418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Yan M Y, Wang P Y, Pan X L, journalName=Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan M Y, Wang P Y, Pan X L, et al. Quadrupling the stored charge by extending the accessible density of states[J]. 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Nature, 2023, 617(7962): 724-729., articleTitle=Constrained C2 adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114335053517613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=546, issue=7659, pageStart=469, pageEnd=470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Mai L Q, Yan M Y, Zhao Y L, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mai L Q, Yan M Y, Zhao Y L. Track batteries degrading in real time[J]. Nature, 2017, 546(7659): 469-470., articleTitle=Track batteries degrading in real time, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114335108043566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=45, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Grey C P, Tarascon J M, journalName=Nature Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Grey C P, Tarascon J M. Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16: 45-56, doi: 10.1038/nmat4777., articleTitle=Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114336571855663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=31, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Yang Y J, Liu X Z, Dai Z H, journalName=Advanced Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y J, Liu X Z, Dai Z H, et al. In situ electrochemistry of rechargeable battery materials: Status report and perspectives[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(31): 1606922, doi: 10.1002/adma.201606922., articleTitle=In situ electrochemistry of rechargeable battery materials: Status report and perspectives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114336630575920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/nl102845r, pmid=20831213, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=10, issue=10, pageStart=4273, pageEnd=4278, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Mai L Q, Dong Y J, Xu L, journalName=Nano Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mai L Q, Dong Y J, Xu L, et al. Single nanowire electrochemical devices[J]. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(10): 4273-4278., articleTitle=Single nanowire electrochemical devices, refAbstract=We report the single nanowire electrode devices designed as a unique platform for in situ probing the intrinsic reason for electrode capacity fading in Li ion based energy storage devices. In this device, a single vanadium oxide nanowire or single Si/a-Si core/shell nanowire was used as working electrode, and electrical transport of the single nanowire was recorded in situ to detect the evolution of the nanowire during charging and discharging. Along with lithium ion intercalation by shallow discharge, the vanadium oxide nanowire conductance was decreased over 2 orders. The conductance change can be restored to previous scale upon lithium ion deintercalation with shallow charge. However, when the nanowire was deeply discharged, the conductance dropped over 5 orders, indicating that permanent structure change happens when too many lithium ions were intercalated into the vanadium oxide layered structures. Different from vanadium oxide, the conductance of a single Si/a-Si core/shell nanowire monotonously decreased along with the electrochemical test, which agrees with Raman mapping of single Si/a-Si nanowire at different charge/discharge states, indicating permanent structure change after lithium ion insertion and extraction. Our present work provides the direct relationship between electrical transport, structure, and electrochemical properties of a single nanowire electrode, which will be a promising and straightforward way for nanoscale battery diagnosis.), Reference(id=1242114336689296177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=2083, pageEnd=2092, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Liao X B, Zhao Y L, Wang J H, journalName=Nano Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao X B, Zhao Y L, Wang J H, et al. MoS2/MnO2 heterostructured nanodevices for electrochemical energy storage[J]. Nano Research, 2018, 11(4): 2083-2092., articleTitle=MoS2/MnO2 heterostructured nanodevices for electrochemical energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114336756405042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/jacs.0c02137, pmid=32266814, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=142, issue=17, pageStart=7968, pageEnd=7975, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=He Z, Chang L G, Lin Y, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Z, Chang L G, Lin Y, et al. Real-time visualization of solid-phase ion migration kinetics on nanowire monolayer[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(17): 7968-7975., articleTitle=Real-time visualization of solid-phase ion migration kinetics on nanowire monolayer, refAbstract=Ion migration has been recognized as a critical step in determining the performance of numerous devices in chemistry, biology, and material science. However, direct visualization and quantitative investigation of solid-phase ion migration among anisotropic nanostructures have been a challenging task. Here, we report an in-situ ChemTEM method to quantitatively investigate the solid-phase ion migration process among coassembled nanowires (NWs). This complicated process was tracked within a NW and between NWs with an obvious nanogap, which was revealed by both phase field simulation and ab initio modeling theoretical evaluation. A migration "bridge" between neighboring NWs was observed. Furthermore, these new observations could be applied to migration of other metal ions on semiconductor NWs. These findings provide critical insights into the solid-phase ion migration kinetics occurring in nanoscale systems with generality and offer an efficient tool to explore other ion migration processes, which will facilitate fabrication of customized and new heteronanostructures in the future.), Reference(id=1242114336819319603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, doi=10.1021/jacs.4c06480, pmid=39135346, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=146, issue=33, pageStart=23398, pageEnd=23405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Yang Y, Shi C Q, Feijóo J, journalName=Journal of the American Chemical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Y, Shi C Q, Feijóo J, et al. Dynamic evolution of copper nanowires during CO2 reduction probed by operando electrochemical 4D-STEM and X-ray spectroscopy[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2024, 146(33): 23398-23405., articleTitle=Dynamic evolution of copper nanowires during CO2 reduction probed by operando electrochemical 4D-STEM and X-ray spectroscopy, refAbstract=Nanowires have emerged as an important family of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials owing to their exceptional optical, electrical, and chemical properties. In particular, Cu nanowires (NWs) show promising applications in catalyzing the challenging electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) to valuable chemical fuels. Despite early reports showing morphological changes of Cu NWs after CORR processes, their structural evolution and the resulting exact nature of active Cu sites remain largely elusive, which calls for the development of multimodal time-resolved nm-scale methods. Here, we report that well-defined 1D copper nanowires, with a diameter of around 30 nm, have a metallic 5-fold twinned Cu core and around 4 nm CuO shell. electrochemical liquid-cell scanning transmission electron microscopy (EC-STEM) showed that as-synthesized Cu@CuO NWs experienced electroreduction of surface CuO to disordered (spongy) metallic Cu shell (Cu@Cu NWs) under CORR relevant conditions. Cu@Cu NWs further underwent a CO-driven Cu migration leading to a complete evolution to polycrystalline metallic Cu nanograins. electrochemical four-dimensional (4D) STEM in liquid, assisted by machine learning, interrogates the complex structures of Cu nanograin boundaries. Correlative synchrotron-based high-energy-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy unambiguously probes the electroreduction of Cu@CuO to fully metallic Cu nanograins followed by partial reoxidation of surface Cu during postelectrolysis air exposure. This study shows that Cu nanowires evolve into completely different metallic Cu nanograin structures supporting the (operating) active sites for the CORR.)], funds=[Fund(id=1242114333308687121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, awardId=2020YFA0715000, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0715000), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242114333363213074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, awardId=52127816, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(52127816), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114329307321051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329315709660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329307321051, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329324098269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329307321051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.武汉理工大学材料复合新技术全国重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114329378624222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329387012831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329378624222, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329395401440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329378624222, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.武汉理工大学物理与力学学院,武汉 430070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114329449927393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329458316002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329449927393, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Zhongyu Feima New Material Technology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114329462510307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, companyId=1242114329449927393, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中豫飞马新材料技术创新中心,郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242114332255916801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Performance enhancement of nanowires achieved by pre-intercalation of elements modified by different components, figureFileSmall=7/oQYFAEtLthEmJ1m3nsvA==, figureFileBig=d720Fj3fK21C33CNx5a1nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332318831362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同组分修饰基元预嵌入实现纳米线性能提升, figureFileSmall=7/oQYFAEtLthEmJ1m3nsvA==, figureFileBig=d720Fj3fK21C33CNx5a1nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332482409219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Fabrication methods for nanowire energy storage materials with electron/ion dual-continuous structures, figureFileSmall=9OtdQ/X+BYzBQ41+FCPOhA==, figureFileBig=kFUaFJ3kje5uGXBR8zHJ5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332532740868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电子/离子双连续结构纳米线储能材料构筑方法, figureFileSmall=9OtdQ/X+BYzBQ41+FCPOhA==, figureFileBig=kFUaFJ3kje5uGXBR8zHJ5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332587266821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Structural characteristics of field-effect energy storage chip and mechanism of energy storage enhancement through ion intercalation, figureFileSmall=ZNJ1v8iJftK32UQGc+BceQ==, figureFileBig=y8Eiuxm1KLBvz0UrreZS8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332637598470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图3, caption=场效应储能芯片结构特征及离子嵌入后储能提升机制

PDMS:Polydimethy Siloxane,聚二甲基硅氧化烷。

, figureFileSmall=ZNJ1v8iJftK32UQGc+BceQ==, figureFileBig=y8Eiuxm1KLBvz0UrreZS8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332700513031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Nanowire material-based integrated photovoltaic, energy storage, and charging devices and biomimetic aerial vehicles, figureFileSmall=wxBQyOHyyMQP3CB1Q81QNQ==, figureFileBig=u5K0Up+0olcgWFcgtye0Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332755038984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于纳米线材料的光储充一体化器件及仿生飞行器, figureFileSmall=wxBQyOHyyMQP3CB1Q81QNQ==, figureFileBig=u5K0Up+0olcgWFcgtye0Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332822147849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Structure of in-situ characterization devices for single nanowire, figureFileSmall=DjJAvkbhscXNO4gKnmvlag==, figureFileBig=lLmNEwrKJgHVtf4Yo8MSdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332880868106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图5, caption=单根纳米线原位表征器件构造示意图, figureFileSmall=DjJAvkbhscXNO4gKnmvlag==, figureFileBig=lLmNEwrKJgHVtf4Yo8MSdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332931199755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Structure-effect relationship of nanowire energy storage devices regulated by multi-physics field coupling, figureFileSmall=H0Z8/K6ofSXkzrG1WANm/A==, figureFileBig=daXpHt6m9kPuwTwKxMBGIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114332985725708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图6, caption=纳米线储能器件多物理场耦合调控构效关系, figureFileSmall=H0Z8/K6ofSXkzrG1WANm/A==, figureFileBig=daXpHt6m9kPuwTwKxMBGIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114333031863053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Fabrication of nanowires with different structures via external field synergistic manufacturing, figureFileSmall=HrNPRTuwJ90DYBexB1rqiA==, figureFileBig=6ooT3svHR5vmD7h13DgFjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114333090583310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图7, caption=外场协同制造构筑不同结构纳米线, figureFileSmall=HrNPRTuwJ90DYBexB1rqiA==, figureFileBig=6ooT3svHR5vmD7h13DgFjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114333149303567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Applications of artificial intelligence and big data technologies in nanowire energy storage technologies, figureFileSmall=r7QgEwC3HChd2WfvaiACjA==, figureFileBig=GgK/ebPFTTqLkKhT02wSzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114333203829520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708269436236510, language=CN, label=图8, caption=人工智能与大数据技术在纳米线储能技术应用

VASP:Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package,现阶段材料模拟和计算物质科学研究中最流行的商用软件之一;SIESTA:Spanish Initiative for Electronic Simulations with Thousands of Atoms,常用于分子和固体的电子计算和分子动力学模拟程序,通常在处理大体系或复杂边界条件时使用。

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纳米线储能材料与器件战略价值及技术挑战
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韩康 1 , 张浩 1 , 王选朋 2, 3 , 麦立强 1,
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025,4(1): 58-69
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025, 4(1): 58-69
纳米线储能材料与器件战略价值及技术挑战
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韩康1 , 张浩1, 王选朋2, 3, 麦立强1,
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学材料复合新技术全国重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430070
  • 2.武汉理工大学物理与力学学院,武汉 430070
  • 3.中豫飞马新材料技术创新中心,郑州 450001
  • 韩康,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新型钾离子电池和高快充型熔融盐离子电池。作为核心成员参与了“飞秒光场调控制备新型柔性电子材料及器件”“分级介孔纳米线钾离子电池正极材料的表界面调控及原位作用机制”等多项国家级科研项目。在Advanced Function Materials、Nano Energy、Agnew、Chem等期刊发表10余论文。电子信箱:

    麦立强,博士研究生导师,武汉理工大学副校长、首席教授。国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,国家重点研发计划首席科学家,英国皇家化学会会士,中国微米纳米技术学会会士,中国化学会会士。主要从事新能源材料与器件科学技术及应用研究。以第一完成人获国家自然科学二等奖、何梁何利基金科学与技术创新奖、国际电化学能源科学与技术大会卓越研究奖、国际车用锂电池协会卓越研究奖、国家教学成果二等奖、教育部/湖北省自然科学一等奖(3项)和中国材料研究学会技术发明一等奖,连续5年入选科睿唯安全球高被引科学家。电子信箱:

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Strategic Value and Technical Challenges of Nanowire Energy Storage Materials and Devices
Kang HAN1 , Hao ZHANG1, Xuanpeng WANG2, 3, Liqiang MAI1,
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 2. School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3. Zhongyu Feima New Material Technology Innovation Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.006
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在全球碳中和目标与能源安全战略的双重驱动下,纳米线储能材料与器件凭借其独特的结构优势与性能可扩展性,已成为推动下一代高性能储能技术发展的核心引擎。文章系统总结了纳米线材料在储能电池、柔性及微纳储能器件等领域的突破性进展,揭示其在新型电力系统快速响应、柔性电子能源自主化、低空经济高能量密度需求等战略场景中的关键价值。同时,针对多物理场耦合调控机制缺失、多粒子协同输运机制不明及跨尺度功能集成矛盾等挑战,提出构建“基础理论-器件工程-产业生态”协同创新体系,通过多场耦合原位表征、外场协同制造及数据驱动研发范式,推动技术从实验室向产业化跃迁,为抢占全球储能技术制高点提供战略支撑。

纳米线储能材料  /  纳米线器件  /  多场耦合调控  /  原位表征

Under the dual impetus of global carbon neutrality goals and energy security strategies, nanowire energy storage materials and devices have emerged as a pivotal engine driving the development of next-generation high-performance energy storage technologies, owing to their unique structural advantages and performance scalability. This article systematically summarized the groundbreaking advancements of nanowire materials in fields such as energy storage batteries and flexible and micro-nano energy storage devices and highlighted their critical value in strategic scenarios including rapid response in new power systems, autonomous energy supply for flexible electronics, and high energy density requirements in low-altitude economies. Furthermore, to address challenges such as the lack of multi-physics field coupling regulation mechanisms, unclear multi-particle collaborative transport mechanisms, and contradictions in cross-scale functional integration, the article proposed the establishment of a synergistic innovation system encompassing “fundamental theory, device engineering, and industrial ecology.” By leveraging multi-field coupled in-situ characterization, external field synergistic manufacturing, and data-driven research paradigms, the article aims to facilitate the transition of technology from laboratory to industrialization, thereby providing strategic support for securing a leading position in global energy storage technology.

nanowire energy storage material  /  nanowire device  /  multi-field coupling regulation  /  in-situ characterization
韩康, 张浩, 王选朋, 麦立强. 纳米线储能材料与器件战略价值及技术挑战. 前瞻科技, 2025 , 4 (1) : 58 -69 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.006
Kang HAN, Hao ZHANG, Xuanpeng WANG, Liqiang MAI. Strategic Value and Technical Challenges of Nanowire Energy Storage Materials and Devices[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025 , 4 (1) : 58 -69 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.006
在全球碳中和目标与能源安全战略的双重驱动下,储能技术的战略地位已从单一能源支撑工具升级为重塑全球产业格局的核心引擎。国际能源署(International Energy Agency, IEA)《2023年全球储能展望》明确指出,2030年全球储能市场规模将超过1 TW·h,是一个高达1013元计的超级黄金赛道,其中电化学储能占比预计将超过60%。这一爆发式增长背后,是新能源电力占比提升对长时储能、极端环境储能、高功率密度储能的刚性需求,以及柔性电子、智能穿戴等新兴产业对微型化、可变形储能器件的迫切期待。当前,全球主要经济体均围绕碳中和目标与能源安全战略重构产业技术体系:欧盟通过《欧洲绿色协议》将先进储能列为战略优先事项[1],美国能源部启动“储能大挑战”计划以巩固技术主导权[2],而我国《“十四五”新型储能发展实施方案》亦明确提出发展高安全、长寿命储能新材料。
然而,传统储能材料体系(如石墨烯、二维材料)因受限于界面稳定性差、规模化制备成本高等瓶颈,难以满足新一代储能技术对性能极限的突破需求[3]。在此背景下,纳米线储能材料与器件因其独特的性能可扩展性[4-6],成为支撑多维度国家战略需求的关键载体——在新型电力系统中实现百兆瓦级储能设备的快速响应,在柔性电子领域推动可穿戴设备与智能终端的能源自主化[7-9],在低空经济中保障无人机集群的长时可靠运行[10-11],更在军事装备升级中满足极端环境下高比能、抗冲击储能单元的迫切需求。这些应用场景的交叉融合,使得纳米线储能技术超越了传统材料研究的范畴,为解决传统储能器件能量-功率密度权衡难题提供了全新范式,其技术突破将深刻影响能源、电子、国防等关键领域的战略竞争格局,正演变为衡量国家高端制造能力与战略性新兴产业布局水平的重要指标,成为各国抢占能源技术制高点的战略高地。
尽管纳米线储能材料展现出巨大潜力,其规模化应用仍面临材料-器件-系统跨尺度协同优化的科学挑战。一方面,纳米线的大规模可控制备技术尚未突破成本与良率的双重约束,气相沉积、模板法等主流工艺的能耗与效率难以满足产业化需求;另一方面,纳米线在循环过程中的结构退化机制、界面副反应控制等基础科学问题仍有待深入解析。这些瓶颈不仅制约着技术成熟度的提升,更影响着我国在全球储能产业链中的话语权争夺。因此,系统梳理纳米线储能材料的战略价值图谱,厘清关键技术的演进路径,对于抢占未来5~10年储能科技制高点具有重大现实意义。
文章从国家重大战略需求出发,通过多维度剖析纳米线储能材料与器件的战略定位,对比国际竞争态势与技术差距,揭示制约产业化进程的核心科学问题与工程挑战,最终提出符合我国国情的发展路径与对策建议,以期为构建产业创新生态提供理论参考。
现阶段,在风电、光伏占比超过30%的新型电力系统中,电网对4 h以上长时储能的需求激增。纳米线材料可通过精准调控直径与表面化学状态(如硅纳米线直径<50 nm时的应力缓冲效应),实现锂离子电池能量密度突破500 W·h/kg(较当前主流石墨负极提升60%),循环寿命超2 000次。与此同时,高比例可再生能源并网要求储能系统具备分钟级响应能力。纳米线材料的高比表面积与短程离子传输路径,可支撑超级电容器功率密度突破50 kW/kg,充放电效率超95%。因此,纳米线储能材料不仅是支撑新型电力系统的“稳定器”,更是破解可再生能源消纳难题的“加速器”。如美国斯坦福大学崔屹团队通过化学气相沉淀法直接在铜箔上生长三维硅纳米线负极材料[12],其可逆比容量可达商用石墨负极的3倍以上,能量密度可达450 W·h/kg。针对储能材料功率密度和能量密度难以兼顾的难题,Mai等[13-14]提出修饰基元预嵌入结构模型,通过在纳米线储能材料晶体框架中定向嵌入各类功能化基元(图1),同步构建了高离子扩散通道(离子扩散系数提升至1.2×10-9 cm2/s)与电子巡游网络(电子电导率提升2个数量级)。这种双连续输运机制的建立,使电化学反应过电位降低29%,界面阻抗下降61%,较传统结构循环寿命提升17倍。为破解储能器件“长寿化”与“高效化”矛盾提供了理论范式。除此之外,在纳米线储能材料微结构设计方面,Mai等[15-16]进一步提出“半中空结构电子/离子双输运”原创理论,通过构建碳层包覆的半中空纳米线阵列,既保障了电解液充分浸润(孔隙率>70%),又建立了三维电子传导网络。实验表明,这种结构使电子电导率提升27倍,功率密度增大6倍,成功实现10倍充电倍率(10C)下容量保持率超85%[16]。突破了功率密度与能量密度难以协同提升的国际技术瓶颈,构建了下一代高功率储能器件的设计蓝图。
纳米线储能材料的革新价值还体现在其对极端环境的耐受性和全生命周期低碳化的引领作用上。在沙漠光伏电站(工作温度-20~80 ℃)、深海储能平台(压力>10 MPa)等场景中,传统储能器件存在严重性能衰减。纳米线材料通过组分设计可构建自适应热膨胀结构,在-40 ℃低温下保持85%容量,高温循环膨胀率<2%。南京航空航天大学张校刚团队研发的氢化钛酸锂纳米线电池有效提高了材料的导电性和储锂性能,更重要的是,其在-50~60 ℃温度下均可以正常充放电,完美适应极端环境下储能需求[17]。哈尔滨工业大学李垚团队利用VO2纳米线在68 °C附近会发生从绝缘态(单斜相)到金属态(四方相)的可逆相变特性调节电极材料的电导率,从而优化电荷传输效率,这种低温相变特性可帮助电极材料自适应环境温度变化,提升储能器件的稳定性和性能[18]。此外,欧盟《电池新规》要求2030年电池碳足迹下降60%,这对材料合成工艺提出严苛要求。在纳米线储能材料的批量化制备研究方面,Mai等提出了梯度静电纺丝(图2(a)[19]和自组装-取向搭接(图2(b)[20]等高效制备方法,普适可控制备出系列电子/离子双连续结构纳米线储能材料,能耗相比传统的高温烧结法大幅降低。这些创新不仅提升了储能器件的环境适应性,更推动了储能产业向绿色低碳方向转型。
纳米线储能材料与器件的战略意义还在于其开启了柔性电子革命的战略支点。据国际数据公司(International Data Corporation, IDC)预测,2028年全球柔性电子市场规模将达800亿美元,但其发展受限于传统刚性储能器件的不适配性。纳米线材料可通过编织成微米级纤维(如碳纳米管/硅纳米线复合纤维),制备拉伸率>100%、弯折寿命超10万次的柔性电池[21]。Lee团队利用闪烁技术成功开发了低成本大规模生产铜-石墨烯纳米线技术,并将其用于制造高性能透明柔性电子器件,该器件的高透光率、低电阻特性可类比银纳米线电极[22]。在万亿级物联网节点设备中,毫米级储能器件的需求日益迫切。纳米线材料的超高堆积密度允许在5 mm×5 mm面积内集成10 mA·h容量,同时支持3C级快充。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校Yan团队开发的纳米线微器件已用于智能医疗贴片,实现无线供电和一系列汗液生物标记物的传感[23]。在柔性器件领域,Mai等基于纳米线电化学器件的研究,进一步开发了场效应储能芯片[24],通过调制材料费米能级结构,实现了电化学工况下材料费米面梯度的原位调控,显著提升了离子迁移速率和材料容量,这一成果被国际学术界称为Mai-Yan(“麦-晏”)模型(图3[25]。研究团队还开发了物理场调控储能器件载流子输运技术,通过施加压力场,使电极表面的电子输运效率提高了3倍,能量存储效率超过90%,创下了新的纪录,为清洁能源存储开辟了新途径[26]。这一突破不仅解决了费米面梯度对电化学反应影响机制的科学难题,还为储能芯片在物联网、车联网、柔性电子等领域的应用提供了关键技术支持。
作为新质生产力的重要载体,低空经济的应用场景已全面覆盖物流运输、应急救援、智慧城市等民用领域,并向侦查监视、战场补给等国防军事需求延伸。中国《“十四五”通用航空发展专项规划》明确提出“推动新能源飞行器技术突破”,《新能源飞行器发展白皮书(2024)》更将高能量密度储能系统列为电动飞行器的核心瓶颈技术。现阶段,国际竞争态势已趋于白热化——美国Joby Aviation, Inc.的电动垂直起降飞行器(Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing, eVTOL)已完成350 km续航验证,德国Lilium N.V.公司的七座电动飞行器实现280 km/h巡航速度,而这些均依赖能量密度≥500 W·h/kg、功率密度≥4 kW/kg的先进电池系统。纳米线储能技术可为这一困局提供破题密钥。其一维纳米结构不仅通过量子限域效应显著提升电极材料本征电导率(如硅纳米线电子迁移率达2 000 cm²/(V·s)),更通过多场耦合调控(光、电、磁、应力)实现储能行为的动态优化。美国斯坦福大学研究表明,垂直排列的Co3O4纳米线阵列可将锂离子扩散系数提升3个数量级,使电池在5C下仍保持92%容量,完美匹配飞行器高动态工况下的瞬时放电(≥5C)与持续供能(≥3C)需求。更具突破性的是,纳米线特有的机械柔韧性与超高比表面积,为光伏-储能一体化设计提供了天然载体(图4)。
近年来,原位表征技术的进步正在重塑储能材料研究新范式。通过构建结构明确的模型体系,研究者能够在原子尺度实时解析电荷存储的动态过程,这不仅加速了新型储能材料的理性设计,更为解决快充析锂、高温产气等产业难题提供了机制层面的理论支持。然而,现阶段储能器件的动态工作机制解析长期受限于传统电极体系的复杂多相耦合特性。以锂离子电池为例,其电极是由活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂和集流体构成的黑匣子,多组分混合导致电子/离子输运路径高度复杂,而常规拆解式表征手段不仅破坏器件完整性,更因暴露于水氧环境引发副反应,难以捕捉真实工况下的动态演化规律[27-29]。这种“黑箱困境”严重制约了电极材料构效关系的精准解析,使得关键科学问题——如锂枝晶成核机制、固体电解质界面膜动态生长规律、多离子协同输运动力学等关键科学问题的研究长期悬而未决。
纳米线储能材料的一维结构特性为突破上述限制提供了理想研究平台。其单相连续结构避免了多组分电极的界面干扰,建立了电子/离子输运的单一传导路径,显著提升了原位表征的可靠性。如Mai团队[30]通过微纳电化学器件加工与集成技术,成功构筑了国际上首个单根纳米线电子/离子输运原位表征平台(图5(a))。这一突破性工作实现了单纳米基元原位表征技术从0到1的跨越,首次同时精准采集到单根纳米线的电子和离子输运特征信号,并建立了电学-电化学-光谱学多场实时监测系统。该平台有效克服了传统电极中复杂界面相互干扰、电子/离子输运信号难以分离解析的重大难题,为揭示储能材料本征行为提供了高保真度的研究模型。基于这一创新平台,研究团队进一步设计构筑了MoS2/MnO2异质结单根纳米线电化学储能器件(图5(b)),揭示了纳米线本体及界面处电子输运特性下降和离子输运受阻是电极材料容量衰减的内在机制,并证明了电子/离子输运特性的协同提升是电极材料充分参与电化学反应的先决条件[31]。这些发现为高性能电极材料的理性设计提供了重要理论指导。
在界面科学领域,纳米线器件的表面原子有序性同样显著提升了原位表征的时空分辨率。中国科学技术大学俞书宏院士团队[32]以Te和Ag纳米线共组装结构为模型,从原子尺度研究固相Ag离子的动态迁移过程。通过对Ag离子在纳米线内部和纳米线之间的迁移过程的追踪,发现Ag离子可以通过Te纳米结构的(101)表面嵌入晶格,揭示了Ag在单层Te纳米线阵列上的各向异性迁移行为。加州大学伯克利分校杨培东院士团队[33]利用该技术量化了Cu@Cu2O纳米线的表面Cu2O电化学还原行为,揭示了Cu@Cu2O纳米线在还原电位下,表面Cu2O层首先被电化学还原为无序金属Cu壳,随后Cu原子在CO的驱动下迁移,导致纳米线完全破碎并重组为多晶金属Cu纳米颗粒的动态演化过程。
随着现阶段储能器件向极端工况(如深空探测、植入式医疗器件等)和多功能集成(自供电传感、智能响应等)方向演进,传统基于温度-电压双变量的载流子输运理论已难以满足复杂多物理场耦合条件下的材料设计需求。以深空探测器储能系统为例,纳米线储能器件需同时承受极端温度梯度、强电磁干扰和周期性机械振动等多场耦合作用,导致载流子的迁移路径发生动态畸变,严重制约储能效率与循环寿命。这种多场协同调控机制的缺失已成为制约下一代纳米线储能材料与器件技术发展的关键瓶颈(图6)。
在基础科学层面,纳米线储能材料的性能提升还面临双重动力学约束:一方面,电子传导速率受限于材料能带结构的量子限域效应;另一方面,离子扩散效率受表面电双层重构过程的动态调控。现有研究多采用“单场优化”策略,如通过掺杂调控费米能级或通过表面工程改善离子吸附能,却忽视了诸如电磁场-应力场-温度场等多物理场间的协同放大效应。例如,在压电纳米线体系中,机械应力不仅改变晶体对称性影响电子迁移,同时通过压电电势重构离子扩散势垒,这种机电耦合效应可为储能性能优化提供新维度。因此,发展多场耦合条件下的载流子协同传输理论,建立包含电磁参数(介电常数、磁导率)、力学参数(杨氏模量、泊松比)和热力学参数(热膨胀系数、比热容)的跨尺度动力学模型,将成为突破现有技术壁垒的关键突破口。
在厘清多场耦合对载流子输运的宏观调控机制后,纳米线储能材料的研究仍需直面另一深层次挑战——多粒子协同输运的微观动力学机制。与多场耦合研究(聚焦外场对单一载流子的定向调控)不同,多粒子协同机制的核心在于揭示材料内部电子、离子、声子等不同粒子间的动态耦合规律。这种内在协同效应既可能被外场(如应力、电磁场)调制,又具有本征量子特性,其复杂性体现在两方面:一方面,不同粒子遵循截然不同的动力学规律,典型的如电子服从量子隧穿效应,而离子则通常受经典扩散方程支配;另一方面,粒子间相互作用会产生非线性反馈(如离子嵌入引发的晶格畸变会通过声子散射反作用于电子迁移)。传统纳米线储能材料与器件的研究多聚焦单一载流子(如锂离子)的输运行为,将复杂的储能过程简化为孤立的电子迁移或离子扩散模型。这种简化虽便于理论分析,却忽视了电子、空穴、离子与声子的动态耦合效应,导致材料性能预测与实际工况严重偏离。例如,在典型的纳米线储能器件系统中,锂离子嵌入纳米线引发的晶格畸变会显著改变电子迁移路径,而柔性可穿戴设备反复弯曲产生的压电场又可能干扰离子扩散势垒,这种多粒子-多场耦合的时空竞争关系已成为制约储能器件性能提升的核心瓶颈。 因此,基于纳米线储能材料与器件的多粒子协同机制的研究同样需突破传统单粒子理论框架,建立跨越量子-经典尺度的耦合模型,这对理解纳米线储能材料的本征特性与设计高性能器件具有不可替代的科学价值。
然而,当前理论体系在解析此类复杂相互作用时面临双重困境:其一,常规表征技术的时空分辨率难以捕捉离子扩散与电子迁移的瞬态差异(如快充过程中二者响应存在毫秒级时滞);其二,现有数学模型(如Fick扩散定律、Butler-Volmer方程)无法量化多粒子协同效率,导致材料设计长期依赖试错策略。这种理论与实验的脱节在现实应用场景中尤为突出,例如:微型飞行器要求储能器件重量降低30%的同时维持高能量密度,柔性电子器件需在10万次弯曲循环后仍保持80%以上容量。这些需求本质上要求对电子-离子输运速率的动态匹配性进行原子级精准调控。
在攻克多场耦合调控与多粒子协同输运等基础科学难题后,纳米线储能材料与器件研究还面临着从“材料性能优化”向“器件功能一体化集成”的范式转变跃迁。这一转变的迫切性源于新兴应用场景对储能系统的复合功能需求:可穿戴电子需同时实现高能量存储与机械形变自适应;智能传感系统要求储能单元集成环境感知与自供电能力;深空探测能源模块则需在极端温度与辐射场中保持稳定输出。现有单一功能器件(如仅优化能量密度或循环寿命)已难以满足这些复杂需求,其本质矛盾在于材料本征特性与器件系统功能间的解耦——即便纳米线材料在微观尺度实现多场响应与多粒子协同,若缺乏跨尺度的器件集成策略,仍无法将材料优势转化为实际性能突破。以柔性光储充纳米线储能器件为例,其在微观层面,异质结界面处的载流子动力学行为(如电子-离子输运速率失配、声子散射加剧)导致能量损耗难以抑制;在介观尺度,纳米线阵列的跨尺度结构设计(如孔隙率梯度分布、应力场调控)与器件功能需求(如柔性、自修复)的关联机制尚未明晰;而在系统层级,传统“分步优化”策略难以协调材料本征特性与复合功能(如光-储-传感一体化)的耦合需求。这些挑战的本质在于缺乏从原子级设计到宏观器件性能的贯通式理论框架,以及多维度制造工艺的有机整合。
除此之外,多功能一体化集成的技术难点还源于纳米线材料特性与器件工程需求的时空尺度失配。同样以典型的光充储一体化器件为例,其要求纳米线在飞秒尺度完成光生载流子分离(光电转换)、毫秒级实现离子嵌入(能量存储),同时需在宏观时间维度维持柔性结构的力学稳定性。这种跨尺度功能耦合导致两大瓶颈:多物理场(光-电-力)的协同作用会引发界面阻抗的动态涨落,如柔性形变导致的压电场可能干扰光生载流子输运路径,使能量转换效率快速下降;器件级功能集成需协调材料本征特性(如纳米线导电性)与系统级参数(如封装热导率),而现有“顺序试错法”设计模式难以实现多目标优化。
纳米线储能材料与器件的创新突围,还面临着从实验室技术创新到宏观产业生态的多重断裂。实验室中单根纳米线展现的卓越性能,在迈向产业化时往往遭遇“尺度魔咒”:当材料结构从纳米尺度延伸至米级器件时,界面缺陷的指数级增生、应力分布的混沌态演化,使得本征性能断崖式衰减。更深刻的矛盾在于,传统科研范式与产业需求存在时空错配:学术研究追求极限性能突破,而产业界亟待解决制造良率与成本控制的现实约束。在标准化体系缺位的背景下,这种裂隙进一步放大。柔性纳米线储能器件至今仍缺乏统一的动态测试规程,导致学术论文中的循环寿命指标与终端产品的实际服役表现之间存在难以弥合的认知鸿沟。
纳米线储能技术从实验室向产业跃迁的核心障碍,本质上源于多尺度观测能力的结构性缺失。当研究尺度从单根纳米线的原子排列延伸至宏观器件的复杂工况时,传统表征手段难以捕捉动态服役过程中的跨尺度交互效应,这直接导致实验室优化策略在产业化场景中频频失效。此外,交叉领域人才的结构性短缺(材料学者疏于制造工艺认知,工程师缺乏界面效应理解)进一步阻碍了技术转化进程。
在系统梳理多场耦合调控、多粒子协同输运及功能集成等基础科学挑战后,纳米线储能技术的未来发展需构建“基础理论-器件工程-产业生态”三位一体的创新体系,重点突破以下战略方向。
针对实际工况下的多场协同调控难题,未来需重点研究多场耦合工况下载流子协同传输机制的科学难题,需聚焦两大核心方向:多场耦合原位表征技术开发、跨尺度输运理论构建,通过构建“机制探索-方法创新-器件验证”全链条研究新范式,最终实现储能材料从“单场响应”到“多场协同”的智能调控转型。例如,在多场耦合原位表征技术开发方面,通过开发纳米线材料多场原位表征平台等先进表征手段,在原子尺度解析外场作用下电子态密度的动态演化规律;在多场耦合界面工程方面,利用机器学习辅助的分子动力学模拟,设计具有梯度功函数分布的异质结界面,实现载流子输运路径的主动调控;借鉴生物离子通道的门控机制,开发具有自感知-自适应功能的纳米线阵列,使其能根据工况变化实时调整载流子传输模式。推动纳米线储能材料器件从“被动耐受”向“主动适应”的范式转变,最终实现储能器件在极端多场环境下的自适应优化与智能化演进。
针对纳米线储能材料与器件电子-离子-声子动态耦合的微观动力学难题,发展多粒子协同输运理论已成为纳米线储能材料与器件学科发展的必然路径。首先,通过集成太赫兹时域光谱与微电极阵列技术,在单根纳米线尺度下检测多粒子输运速率,实现载流子迁移路径的飞秒级动态追踪,并同步解析电化学-力学耦合场中电子迁移率、离子扩散路径及声子振动模式,进而分离各因素的贡献。其次,开发基于密度泛函理论与相场方法的跨尺度计算平台,通过分子动力学模拟经典尺度下的离子扩散路径与晶格动力学响应,量化离子嵌入引发的晶格畸变对声子谱的调制作用,建立“电子-离子-声子”协同系数数据库,同时结合机器学习提取多模态间数据关联。在多粒子协同输运调控上,可在纳米线表面构筑响应性功能层。通过外场(电场、温度场)调控功能层的构象变化,动态调节离子输运路径的导通性与选择性,实现电子-离子输运速率的主动匹配;或在纳米线中引入螺旋位错或梯度缺陷结构,利用晶格应变的空间分布差异,定向调控电子与离子的迁移方向。
面向可穿戴电子与智能电网等应用场景,亟待发展纳米线器件的跨维度集成策略。破解功能集成与跨维度制造工艺难题需要建立“跨尺度设计-外场协同制造-智能功能涌现”三位一体的创新体系。首要突破方向在于发展量子化学计算与介观相场模拟的跨尺度建模平台,通过机器学习融合材料基因(能带梯度、缺陷态分布)与器件功能参数(阻抗谱、热导率),构建“性能需求-结构特征”的逆向设计模型。例如,针对高机械可靠性场景,可基于应力-应变场耦合模拟,设计具有负泊松比特性的三维纳米线网络,使其在拉伸形变下仍维持离子扩散路径的连续性(图7);对于极端温度工况,则通过声子态密度优化抑制晶格热耗散,使器件在宽温域内保持稳定输出。在制造工艺层面,摒弃传统“先材料后器件”的线性模式,开发原位自组装与动态外场耦合的集成制造技术。例如,通过借助飞秒激光诱导的时空分辨合成策略,在纳米线生长过程中同步调控晶体取向、缺陷分布及异质界面,从而实现光-充-储一体化纳米线储能器件本征特性与器件功能需求的精准匹配。
智能设计范式的革新也是新型集成一体化纳米线储能材料与器件工程化落地的关键。通过构建物理信息驱动的数字孪生平台,将材料筛选、结构优化(应力场分布调控)与系统集成(多能域转换效率)纳入统一框架,衍生出适配不同场景的功能集成路径:对于自供电传感系统,可设计光-电-力多场响应的仿生纳米线阵列,通过压电电势动态调制载流子分配;在高密度储能场景中,则优选拓扑螺旋通道结构,利用应变梯度效应提升器件离子扩散系数。此类突破将推动储能器件从“被动耐受”向“主动适应”演进,为智能电网、空间站能源系统等重大需求提供兼具科学严谨性与工程可行性的解决方案,开启纳米线储能材料与器件从“单元创新”到“系统重构”的范式革命。
跨越实验室创新到产业化的“死亡之谷”,同样需构建覆盖“观测设施-人才培养-数据平台”的创新生态。首先,需将高分辨、跨尺度原位表征技术体系提升为国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分,通过建设大科学装置集群,构建覆盖从飞秒级离子迁移到万次循环老化的全维度观测能力。基于同步辐射光源的原位X射线吸收精细结构谱技术已能揭示锂离子在纳米线体相中的传输瓶颈,而深度学习赋能的原位电镜技术则实现了原子尺度下界面劣化过程的精确动态解析。原位表征能力的提升本质上是在重塑技术创新的底层逻辑:当实验观测精度突破时空分辨极限时,纳米线储能研发将从经验驱动型试错,转向模型驱动型精准设计。因此,在国家重点研发计划中设立“纳米线多尺度表征”专项,推动高校、国家实验室与龙头企业共建共享观测设施网络,应成为打通创新链“肠梗阻”的关键战略抓手。
在人才培养上需构建闭环培养体系,需在3个维度实现突破:一是创立“微纳储能与制造工程”交叉学科,开设“纳米线储能材料与器件”“储能器件数字孪生”等产教融合课程,将产业界的工艺控制参数直接转化为教学标准;二是推行“双栖导师”制度,推荐高校教师深入企业参与企业研发,鼓励产学研合作,同时遴选高精尖企业的首席工艺师进入研究生指导委员会;三是建设国家级纳米线储能实训平台,集成微型卷对卷沉积设备与工业级检测仪器,使本科生及研究生在学期间即能掌握从材料合成到电池组集成的全流程技能。这种“理论-实践-再理论”的螺旋式培养模式,有望锻造出真正贯通“原子-器件-系统”的创新共同体。
在人工智能与大数据技术对纳米线储能技术的赋能方面,需通过系统性制度创新转化为现实生产力(图8)。首要任务是构建国家级纳米线储能材料信息基座,整合同步辐射光源、原位电镜等设施产生的多模态数据,建立涵盖电子结构-微观形貌-器件性能的全息数据库。通过制定统一的数据标注标准,破解当前研究数据“孤岛化”困局。在此基础上,开发面向纳米线储能材料与器件的专用大语言模型,训练其理解材料科学文献中的构效关系表述模式,实现从海量论文专利中自动提取合成路径-性能参数关联网络。在制造端,应推动建设虚实融合的纳米线数字孪生平台,构建从材料扩散动力学到储能电站运行优化的多层级模型。更重要的是,建立“人工智能建议-专家决策-实验验证”的人机协同机制,将机器学习推荐的最优工艺参数,委托由材料学家、工艺工程师组成的评估委员会进行可行性过滤,再导入中试线验证,形成“数据驱动发现-领域知识校验-技术快速迭代”的闭环,催生“数据即设备、算法即工艺”的新型研发范式,使纳米线储能技术研发从离散点突破转向系统化能力跃升。
纳米线储能材料与器件是重构未来能源体系的核心技术,其战略价值在于突破能量密度、功率密度与循环寿命的协同极限,支撑新型电力系统、柔性电子及国防装备等重大需求。当前研究虽在一维结构与界面调控中取得突破,但仍受制于三大科学挑战:多物理场耦合调控机制缺失、多粒子协同动力学理论不完善、功能一体化集成跨维度失配。面向未来,需聚焦以下方向,以实现关键技术突破:发展多场耦合原位表征技术与跨尺度动力学模型,揭示复杂工况下材料本征行为;基于仿生智能调控策略,实现电子-离子输运速率动态匹配与界面副反应精准抑制;构建“材料基因-数字孪生-工艺集成”创新链条,破解规模化制备与成本控制难题。同时,需以国家战略科技力量为支撑,推动高分辨观测设施布局、交叉学科人才培养及数据驱动研发范式转型,加速技术从实验室向产业生态渗透。纳米线储能技术的突破将重塑能源、电子、国防等关键领域竞争格局,成为中国实现碳中和目标与引领高端制造的核心引擎。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0715000)
  • 国家重点研发计划(52127816)
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2025年第4卷第1期
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-23
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
  • 发布时间:2025-03-27
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0715000)
国家重点研发计划(52127816)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学材料复合新技术全国重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,武汉 430070
    2.武汉理工大学物理与力学学院,武汉 430070
    3.中豫飞马新材料技术创新中心,郑州 450001

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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