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Bio-based polyester materials, which are renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible, meet the environmental protection concept of green and low-carbon development, and they have received more attention and made significant progress in the field of fundamental research and industrialization. This review analyzed the advantages of bio-based polyester materials, the development status of the bio-based polyester industry in China and abroad, the future trend of the bio-based polyester industry, and policy suggestions for the development of the bio-based polyester industry. It was intended to provide a reference for researchers and insiders engaged in the bio-based polyester industry and promote the further development and promotion of bio-based polyester materials.

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生物基聚酯材料因其可再生、可降解及良好的生物相容性,契合绿色低碳发展的环保理念,已在基础研究及产业化领域获得较多关注并取得显著进展。文章从生物基聚酯材料的优势、国内外产业发展现状、行业未来趋势及相关政策建议等角度进行阐述,以期为从事生物基聚酯产业的研究人员及从业者提供参考,助力该行业的进一步发展和推广。

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张昊,副研究员。主要从事环境友好高分子材料的结构设计与高性能化研究。参与2项国家重点研发项目及多项横向产业化项目。发表论文22篇,申请发明专利7件。电子信箱:

边新超,研究员。主要从事生物降解高分子材料研究。主持建设了国内首条5 000 t和15 000 t聚乳酸生产线。作为项目负责人承担国家重点研发计划项目1项,作为课题负责人承担国家自然科学基金、国家“863”计划和国家重点研发计划子课题2项等。发表论文60余篇,授权发明专利55件。以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所为第一起草单位主持制定了聚乳酸国家标准。电子信箱:

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张昊,副研究员。主要从事环境友好高分子材料的结构设计与高性能化研究。参与2项国家重点研发项目及多项横向产业化项目。发表论文22篇,申请发明专利7件。电子信箱:

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张昊,副研究员。主要从事环境友好高分子材料的结构设计与高性能化研究。参与2项国家重点研发项目及多项横向产业化项目。发表论文22篇,申请发明专利7件。电子信箱:

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边新超,研究员。主要从事生物降解高分子材料研究。主持建设了国内首条5 000 t和15 000 t聚乳酸生产线。作为项目负责人承担国家重点研发计划项目1项,作为课题负责人承担国家自然科学基金、国家“863”计划和国家重点研发计划子课题2项等。发表论文60余篇,授权发明专利55件。以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所为第一起草单位主持制定了聚乳酸国家标准。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=UGy/C/AOdS6qMmVexc954w==, bioContent=

边新超,研究员。主要从事生物降解高分子材料研究。主持建设了国内首条5 000 t和15 000 t聚乳酸生产线。作为项目负责人承担国家重点研发计划项目1项,作为课题负责人承担国家自然科学基金、国家“863”计划和国家重点研发计划子课题2项等。发表论文60余篇,授权发明专利55件。以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所为第一起草单位主持制定了聚乳酸国家标准。电子信箱:

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Research progress on bio-based 2,5-furan dicarboxylate polyesters[J]. Fine Chemicals, 2019, 36(12): 2341-2352. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research progress on bio-based 2,5-furan dicarboxylate polyesters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114173472150080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=374, pageEnd=385, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Zhang Y H, Lei Q Y, Zhang S T, journalName=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y H, Lei Q Y, Zhang S T, et al. Biobased unsaturated polyester thermosets from castor oil and isosorbide with life cycle assessment[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2025, 13(1): 374-385., articleTitle=Biobased unsaturated polyester thermosets from castor oil and isosorbide with life cycle assessment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114173556036161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=623, pageEnd=629, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=杨梦路, 殷建军, 储永竞, journalName=高分子通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨梦路, 殷建军, 储永竞, . 基于生物基异山梨醇的高耐热共聚酯的合成与表征[J]. 高分子通报, 2023(5): 623-629., articleTitle=基于生物基异山梨醇的高耐热共聚酯的合成与表征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114173614756418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=623, pageEnd=629, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Yang M L, Yin J J, Chu Y J, journalName=Polymer Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang M L, Yin J J, Chu Y J, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Synthesis and characterization of high heat-resistant copolyester based on bio-based isosorbide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114173669282371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=10.6023/A22110459, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=81, issue=2, pageStart=175, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=38, authorNames=于璐瑶, 任祯, 杨宇森, journalName=化学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于璐瑶, 任祯, 杨宇森, . 生物基聚酯单体的定向催化制备[J]. 化学学报, 2023, 81(2): 175-190., articleTitle=生物基聚酯单体的定向催化制备, refAbstract=有机二羧酸是重要的聚酯单体, 广泛应用于化学纤维、轻工、电子等工业生产的各个方面. 随着社会工业化的发展, 以大量不可再生的石油资源为原料生产有机酸造成地球石油资源的匮乏和环境污染问题. 通过生物质及其衍生物来制备高附加值化学品有机二羧酸, 引起了化工应用领域的广泛关注. 在合成生物质有机二羧酸的研究中, 设计与制备具有高活性、高稳定性的催化剂具有重要意义. 近年来, 许多工作对催化剂的种类进行了探索, 并取得了一定的研究进展. 本文重点从生物质原料、催化剂性能评估、反应机理等方面对制备C<sub>3</sub>~C<sub>6</sub>二羧酸的催化体系进行了综述, 包括丙二酸、丁二酸、2,5-呋喃二甲酸和己二酸, 并对生物质有机二羧酸制备领域的发展进行了展望.), Reference(id=1242114173736391236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=10.6023/A22110459, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=81, issue=2, pageStart=175, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Yu L Y, Ren Z, Yang Y S, journalName=Acta Chimica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu L Y, Ren Z, Yang Y S, et al. Directed preparation of biomass-based polyester monomers by catalytic conversion[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2023, 81(2): 175-190. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Directed preparation of biomass-based polyester monomers by catalytic conversion, refAbstract=

Dicarboxylic acid is an important polyester monomer, which is widely used in all aspects of chemical fiber, light industry, electronics and other industrial production. With the development of social industrialization, the production of dicarboxylic acids from a large number of non-renewable petroleum resources has caused the lack of oil resources and environmental pollution of the earth. The preparation of high value-added chemicals dicarboxylic acids by biomass and its derivatives has attracted extensive attention in chemical applications. In the research of synthetic biomass dicarboxylic acid, it is of great significance to design and prepare catalysts with high activity and high stability. In recent years, many works have explored the types of catalysts and made certain research progress. In this review, the catalytic system for the preparation of C3~C6 dicarboxylic acid, including malonic acid, succinic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and adipic acid, was reviewed from the aspects of biomass raw materials, catalyst performance evaluation and reaction mechanism, and the development of biomass dicarboxylic acid preparation is prospected.

), Reference(id=1242114173807694405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=943, pageEnd=953, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=40, authorNames=Liu H, Yu Y, journalName=Biomacromolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu H, Yu Y. Biobased polyesters with ultrahigh UV shielding and water degradation derived from multifunctional tetracyclic diesters[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2025, 26(2): 943-953., articleTitle=Biobased polyesters with ultrahigh UV shielding and water degradation derived from multifunctional tetracyclic diesters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114173874803270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.07.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=109, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=41, authorNames=李金禹, 戴亚杰, 陈宇, journalName=中国塑料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李金禹, 戴亚杰, 陈宇, . 聚酯类增塑剂的合成与应用研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2020, 34(7): 109-117., articleTitle=聚酯类增塑剂的合成与应用研究进展, refAbstract=综述了国内外聚酯增塑剂的合成及应用的最新研究进展,重点介绍了超支化、生物基、石油基聚酯增塑剂的合成与制备方法以及不同类型聚酯增塑剂在聚氯乙烯(PVC)、淀粉、聚乳酸、聚氨酯弹性体与橡胶制品中的最新应用研究进展;并对聚酯增塑剂未来发展方向做了展望。), Reference(id=1242114173946106439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708268559623057, doi=10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2020.07.018, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=109, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Li J Y, Dai Y J, Chen Y, journalName=China Plastics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li J Y, Dai Y J, Chen Y, et al. Progress in synthesis and applications of polyester plasticizers[J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(7): 109-117. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Progress in synthesis and applications of polyester plasticizers, refAbstract=

This paper reviewed the latest research progress in synthesis and applications of polyester plasticizers at home and abroad, which mainly focused on the synthesis and preparation methods of hyperbranched, bio?based, and petroleum?based polyester plasticizers. The paper also introduced the latest research progress in the applications of the different types of polyester plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride), starch, polylactic acid, polyurethane elastomers and rubber products. Finally, the development direction of polyester plasticizers in future was prospected.

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Bio-PTT:Bio-polytrimethylene Terephthalate,生物基聚对苯二甲酸1.3丙二醇酯;PBAT:Poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate),聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;PPF:Poly(propylene2,5-furandicarboxylate),聚呋喃二甲酸丙二醇脂;PBS:Poly (butylene succinate),聚丁二酸丁二醇酯。

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张昊 , 孙海 , 刘焱龙 , 边新超
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025,4(1): 160-167
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前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025, 4(1): 160-167
生物基聚酯产业发展现状与趋势
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张昊 , 孙海, 刘焱龙, 边新超
作者信息
  • 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,中国科学院生态环境高分子材料重点实验室,长春 130022
  • 张昊,副研究员。主要从事环境友好高分子材料的结构设计与高性能化研究。参与2项国家重点研发项目及多项横向产业化项目。发表论文22篇,申请发明专利7件。电子信箱:

    边新超,研究员。主要从事生物降解高分子材料研究。主持建设了国内首条5 000 t和15 000 t聚乳酸生产线。作为项目负责人承担国家重点研发计划项目1项,作为课题负责人承担国家自然科学基金、国家“863”计划和国家重点研发计划子课题2项等。发表论文60余篇,授权发明专利55件。以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所为第一起草单位主持制定了聚乳酸国家标准。电子信箱:

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Development Status and Trend of Bio-based Polyester Industry
Hao ZHANG , Hai SUN, Yanlong LIU, Xinchao BIAN
Affiliations
  • Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
出版时间: 2025-03-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.016
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生物基聚酯材料因其可再生、可降解及良好的生物相容性,契合绿色低碳发展的环保理念,已在基础研究及产业化领域获得较多关注并取得显著进展。文章从生物基聚酯材料的优势、国内外产业发展现状、行业未来趋势及相关政策建议等角度进行阐述,以期为从事生物基聚酯产业的研究人员及从业者提供参考,助力该行业的进一步发展和推广。

生物基聚酯  /  可降解高分子  /  可吸收医用高分子  /  聚乳酸

Bio-based polyester materials, which are renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible, meet the environmental protection concept of green and low-carbon development, and they have received more attention and made significant progress in the field of fundamental research and industrialization. This review analyzed the advantages of bio-based polyester materials, the development status of the bio-based polyester industry in China and abroad, the future trend of the bio-based polyester industry, and policy suggestions for the development of the bio-based polyester industry. It was intended to provide a reference for researchers and insiders engaged in the bio-based polyester industry and promote the further development and promotion of bio-based polyester materials.

bio-based polyester  /  biodegradable polymer  /  absorbable biomedical polymer  /  polylactic acid
张昊, 孙海, 刘焱龙, 边新超. 生物基聚酯产业发展现状与趋势. 前瞻科技, 2025 , 4 (1) : 160 -167 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.016
Hao ZHANG, Hai SUN, Yanlong LIU, Xinchao BIAN. Development Status and Trend of Bio-based Polyester Industry[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025 , 4 (1) : 160 -167 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.016
高分子材料已成为现代人类生活中不可或缺的一类材料,以单体及其相连共价键种类,可将高分子材料分为聚烯烃、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺及聚醚等。其中,以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)为代表的聚酯材料已广泛应用于生活的方方面面,如聚酯纤维、瓶装包材及薄膜制品。预计到2030年,全球仅聚酯纤维一项的市场规模将达到1 915.7亿美元,2024—2030年复合年成长率为7.3%。然而,目前所用到聚酯材料的原料单体大多来源于化石能源行业,以此制成的石油基聚酯材料带来了环境污染和资源枯竭等问题,促使全球各国逐步寻求替代方案。为了改善上述问题,相关研究机构和企业对生物基聚酯材料进行了研究及产业化制备工作[1-3]。生物基聚酯(Bio-based Polyester)是指以生物质为原料制备得到的聚酯类材料,其原材料主要来源于植物、农业废弃物或其他生物资源,而非石油等化石能源。生物基聚酯材料是目前极具潜力的高分子材料。文章将针对生物基聚酯材料的国内外研究现状、行业发展目标及相关措施进行论述,以期为生物基聚酯材料行业的研究者及行从业人员士提供参考和指导,促进中国生物基聚酯相关研究及产业化进步。
生物基聚酯材料具有可再生性,其制备过程中碳足迹较低,生物基PET相比石油基PET,生产过程的碳排放量降低了30%,因此具有环保、可持续、有利于资源利用的特性[4-5],在纺织、包装、电子、汽车等多个行业中具有广阔的应用前景。此外,部分脂肪族生物基聚酯材料,如聚乳酸(Polylactic Acid, PLA),可在自然或堆肥条件下通过水解和微生物作用分解为无害物质,可显著降低白色污染对环境的影响[6-8]。同时,生物基聚酯材料通常具备良好的生物相容性,因此在生物医用高分子材料领域同样具有重要发展潜力且已经取得了一定进展(如可吸收手术缝合线、可吸收美容填充物及可吸收冠脉支架等)。随着低碳发展相关法律法规的不断完善,以及公众环保意识的明显提高,具有绿色环保性的生物基聚酯已成为高分子材料行业具有广阔发展前景的重要研究方向[9-10]
生物基聚酯材料依据不同的分类标准可以分成不同类别:按照合成方式,可分为化学合成生物基聚酯(如PLA,生物基PET(Bio-PET))、生物合成生物基聚酯(如聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA));按生物基含量分类,又可分为完全生物基聚酯(如PLA、PHA)、部分生物基聚酯(如Bio-PET)、生物基聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(Bio-polybutylene Terephthalate, Bio-PBT)[10-18]。由于生物基乙二醇、生物基丁二醇等制备技术工艺愈加成熟,传统石油基聚酯,如PET和PBT的部分生产原料能够实现由石油基到生物基的转化,且随着生物基对苯二甲酸的规模化生产技术的逐步成熟,未来有望制备全生物基PET、PBT类材料,进一步加速生物基原料替代石油基原料,为可持续发展及环保事业作出更大贡献。常见生物基聚酯材料及其生物基单体如图1所示。
PLA和PHA等作为生物基可吸收聚酯材料的代表性物质,已经在生物医用材料领域获得了一定的应用。主要得益于其在人体内可以自然降解,且与生物体相容性好,因此与人体的相容性好,具有优良的生物活性,排斥反应少。生物基聚酯材料在软硬组织工程材料领域得到应用如可吸收手术缝合线、可吸收骨钉、可吸收骨板、可吸收血管支架及可吸收阻隔膜。此外,生物基聚酯材料也可用作伤口敷料,可通过化学手段将其制备为良好透气和保湿特性的伤口敷料。由于生物基聚酯材料具备的可降解性质,可以将需要缓释的药物与材料共混,实现药物定时定量的释放,提高药物的生物利用度,减少副作用,并改善患者的生活质量。
然而,尽管生物基聚酯具有多重优点,产业化发展过程中仍面临技术难题、成本压力和市场认知度低等挑战。因此,如何通过创新技术、完善产业链、加强政策支持等途径推动生物基聚酯产业的发展,成为当前亟待解决的关键问题。
随着生物基聚酯产业化技术的发展,生物基聚酯产业发展迅速,目前已形成的代表材料品类包括PLA、PHA、Bio-PET、聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate, PEF)等[19-20]。据联合国环境规划署2023年发布的报告显示,全球塑料年产量超过4.3亿t,生物基聚酯的产能目前仅约百万t/a,占全部塑料比重不足1%。可以看出目前生物基聚酯材料的产能较小,但在“碳达峰与碳中和”目标、节能减排、可持续发展等政策的进一步驱动下,并结合相关领域基础研究成果和产业化技术的积累,生物基聚酯的产业规模得到了快速发展,已成为高分子材料行业最具前景的增长点。生物基聚酯的国际化进程较为成熟,特别是在欧盟、美国、日本等国家和地区,已经形成了较为完善的产业链条,产业发展潜力巨大。以PLA和Bio-PET为代表的生物基聚酯,在包装、纺织和汽车等领域的应用逐渐普及,并逐步取代传统石油基塑料产品。中国的生物基聚酯产业起步较晚,但随着国家对绿色环保、可持续发展的高度重视,生物基聚酯逐渐成为国内研究和产业发展的热点。近年来,随着技术进步和生产能力的提升,中国已经成为全球重要的生物基聚酯生产和消费市场之一。特别是在纺织和包装领域,生物基聚酯逐渐取代传统塑料,成为受消费者和企业青睐的新型环保材料。
具体而言,PLA是生物基聚酯规模化生产的代表材料,美国NatureWorks公司最早于20世纪90年代开始进行产业化研究,并于2002年建成7万t年产能的商业化生产线,现已扩产至15万t/a,是全球最大的PLA生产企业之一。国内的浙江海正生物材料股份有限公司、普立思生物科技有限公司、安徽丰原生物技术股份有限公司(简称安徽丰原)等企业均已开展PLA产业化,累计形成15万t以上的年生产能力,但技术成熟度和技术储备仍落后于国外企业,目前处于跟跑阶段。PHA的产业化目前处于初期阶段,北京蓝晶微生物科技有限公司、北京微构工场生物技术有限公司等企业均在进行万吨级产业化技术开发,在全球产业链中与国外相关企业处于并跑。Bio-PET、Bio-PBT及PTT等可实现生物基单体替代的品类,其产业链难点主要是生物基乙二醇、生物基丁二醇、生物基丙二醇的制备。国内的中科柏易金(郑州)新能源科技有限责任公司、长春大成实业集团有限公司和安徽丰原专注于生物基二元醇技术的研发和生产,主要产品包括生物基乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇等,此领域国内技术成熟度相较国外企业仍存在一定差距。PEF同样是目前具有重要发展前景的一类生物基聚酯,其主要原料是呋喃二甲酸,国内外众多研究机构及企业在进行相应产业化技术开发[20-25]。日本东京化学工业株式会社、美国杜邦公司及德国巴斯夫公司均进行了呋喃二甲酸的相关研究,而国内的浙江糖能科技有限公司、江苏赛瑞克科材料科技有限公司和中科国生(杭州)科技有限公司等与国内科研院所合作,同样专注于对生物质呋喃类材料进行针对性的设计研发工作。此外,行业下游的可口可乐公司、雀巢公司和联合利华公司等大型跨国公司通过其可持续发展计划,在推动生物基PET需求方面发挥了关键作用。例如,可口可乐公司已承诺增加瓶内使用生物基PET的比例,到2030年将达到50%。
总体而言,首先,生物基聚酯产业目前仍由国际化工巨头主导,国内生物基聚酯技术研发水平相比国际领先水平仍有差距,生产过程中的能耗和原料利用率较低。其次,国内生物基聚酯生产链条较为单一,依赖传统粮食作物(如玉米和甘蔗)为主要原料,这使得原料供应的稳定性和价格波动成为制约产业发展的关键因素。最后,随着消费者对环保产品的认知提高,生物基聚酯的市场需求不断增长,特别是在包装、日用品、纺织等领域,生物基聚酯的应用越来越广泛。
尽管中国在生物基聚酯的研发和应用方面取得了一定进展,但仍存在一些技术、产业和政策方面的问题,影响了其在市场上的广泛推广和产业化进程。
一是原料来源的稳定性。生物基聚酯的原料主要是一些生物质产品,包括玉米淀粉、甘蔗、脂肪酸等。上述原料的来源受季节、气候等影响较大,难以保证长期稳定的供应;且其制备往往包括一些生物化学过程,纯化的要求较高,且菌种选育和发酵工艺同样具有明显的技术难度,仍需进一步的基础研究和产业化技术积累。
二是原料的成本问题。对比石油基聚酯的原料,生物基聚酯原料来源复杂,制备过程较多,纯化难度较高,其成本往往是石油基原料成本的多倍。而想要通过技术进步及规模化效应降低成本则需要持续的基础研究研发投入以及生产经验的持续积累,同样是目前难以解决的一大限制。
三是生物基聚酯的产品性能有待提升。目前最具代表性的生物基聚酯——PLA是一种可降解高分子。此种材料力学强度高,但其会在使用过程中逐步降解,性能逐渐变差,仅常用于一次性包装领域,难以用于对耐久性要求较高的场景下。
四是生物基聚酯行业整体研发能力不足。国内除少数几个研究团队外,大多数研究团队的研究平台和研发能力较为薄弱,难以支撑行业的广泛推广。而且部分生物基聚酯产业化的关键技术和专利均被国外垄断,这同样限制了国内相关领域基础研究和发展,限制了相关企业的技术自主性和市场竞争力。因此,针对生物基聚酯材料的关键技术研发及产业化进程技术积累具有重要意义。
生物基聚酯材料的发展,可以减少塑料生产和废弃过程中的环境足迹,符合全球绿色发展的趋势,也可为中国的生态文明建设和新质生产力发展提供新机遇。针对生物基聚酯材料的研究和发展,有助于推动中国生物基聚酯材料从基础研究积累到产业化技术的全面提升,提升在全球生物基材料领域的竞争力和话语权。
目前,生物基聚酯材料主要使用的原料单体包括生物基乙二醇、生物基丙二醇、生物基丁二醇、羟基脂肪酸、2,5-呋喃二甲酸及丙交酯等。制备上述单体的过程通常为将生物质原料(如秸秆、玉米和甘蔗等)通过生物化工手段获得对应物质,并通过纯化过程得到满足聚合要求的生物基单体[26-28]。除了传统的植物原料外,非食物生物基农业废弃物、海藻、木质纤维等也可成为生物基聚酯的新型原料来源,这将有助于缓解人们对粮食安全和粮食生产竞争的担忧。此外,通过优化原料结构,提高原料的利用率,不仅能够减少资源浪费,还能降低生产成本,提高产业的可持续性。
上述过程包括多个关键技术节点,如生物质原料的回收和处理、菌种的培育和优选、粗产物的获取纯化,均会随着发酵工艺和基因工程技术的发展而发展。针对上述要点的基础研究和工艺技术研发目前仍存在较大提升空间。此外,上述要点涉及的多学科交叉知识要点较多,技术难度较大,而基础研究团队与相关企业针对关键技术难点的交流合作相对不足,后续应着眼于上述关键技术的突破,并在此过程中加强科研院所与相关企业的交流合作,以期实现生物基聚酯行业内产学研良性循环发展。
目前制约生物基聚酯材料发展应用的主要问题之一是成本相对较高。研发一款效率高、能耗低且耐久性好的催化剂,可促进生物基聚酯材料在聚合过程达到降本增效的目的。而且部分生物基聚酯具有不同的立体异构体,具备不同立构纯度的聚酯材料性能也不尽相同,因此研发获得高选择性的催化剂同样具有重要的实际意义。目前,国内多家高校和科研院所在此领域具有丰富的研究基础和研究成果,但实际应用于产业化过程中的新型催化剂寥寥无几,难以将前沿科技成果与产业相结合。未来仍需加强研究机构与行业企业的技术交流合作。
对于高分子材料,可以通过不同改性方法使其具备不同的特殊性能。而针对生物基聚酯材料,可以通过对其进行不同方式的改性而获得不同性能,并符合不同应用场景要求。改性后的生物基聚酯材料的机械性能(如强度、刚度、延展性)能够满足多种行业应用的需求,可适合于注塑、挤出、吹塑、纺丝等常见加工工艺,广泛应用于各制品的生产制造中。此外,一些功能性场景,如耐高温、防静电、防紫外线、载药缓释及可吸收植入物等,均可通过改性的方式使生物基聚酯材料得到应用[29-30]
目前,针对生物基聚酯材料的开发应用主要目标是达到对石油基聚酯材料的替代使用,这主要需要进行生物质单体的制备,从而带来了成本高昂的问题。但实际上,某些生物基聚酯材料本身的性能便可用于一些独特场景,无需作为石油基聚酯的替代物出现。例如,聚乳酸具有可再生、可降解、可生物吸收的特性,因此其应用方向十分广泛,包括:可降解性质可使其应用于一次性包装领域,以避免白色污染和长期微塑料等环境问题;可生物吸收性质可使其作为可吸收人体植入物及可吸收美容填充物得到应用。因此,针对生物基聚酯的制品开发应用,不应只局限于对石油基聚酯的替代使用,还应针对每种材料的特性,开发对应制品以用于不同领域。
随着采用生物基聚酯的增加,人们越来越关注开发闭环系统,以提高这些材料的可回收性和再利用性。将聚合物分解成单体再利用的化学回收技术,有望为生物基聚酯创造更可持续的生命周期发挥重要作用。目前,将机械回收和化学回收与生物基原料相结合的努力已经开始。
生物基聚酯具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,在医用植入领域的应用受到广泛关注。医疗植入物包括骨科植入物、心血管支架、药物输送系统、组织工程支架和牙科植入物等。未来,针对生物基聚酯材料的研究将集中于可调节的体内降解速率、增材定制技术及功能化复合材料制备技术等。随着材料科学、降解控制和制造技术的不断进步,生物基聚酯在医用植入物中的作用有望扩大,为各种医疗条件提供可持续和有效的解决方案。
生物基聚酯产业发展的核心为创新技术研发及合作交流加强。此过程需要诸多促进措施及政策支持。
创新技术研发是一切先进产业之本。首先需要政府、研究机构与行业企业共同合作,针对产业链全流程关键技术问题,包括生物基聚酯材料单体的高效制备、生物基聚酯材料聚合催化剂的研发、生物基聚酯材料改性方法的创新、生物基聚酯材料制品的开发及应用,进行创新技术研发。由政府建立健全相关研发支持和创新激励制度,鼓励并资助高校及科研院所在生物基聚酯材料领域的研发工作,率先抢占技术高地。在进行自主创新技术研发的同时,要积极与国际研究机构及企业进行合作交流,快速吸收消化国际先进技术,了解全球生物基聚酯产品的市场需求和趋势,推动国内产业在全球竞争中占据优势。此外,建立高效流畅的产学研交流合作渠道,使得先进技术与产业关键需求相结合,相互促进发展,提高产业整体竞争力。对生物基聚酯行业具备发展潜力的企业,可在生产线建设和设备投入方面提供贷款利息补贴、税收减免、专项奖励等支持。最后,政府出台生物基聚酯产品的推广政策,促进生物基聚酯的回收与再利用;制定此类材料的相关国家标准,并推动国际标准的建立,保障产品的质量与安全,确保生物基聚酯的市场准入门槛,并增强中国在全球生物基聚酯行业的影响力。
生物基聚酯行业近年来发展迅速,在生产技术、市场应用和环境效益等方面取得了显著进步。随着全球环保意识的不断提高,消费者和企业对环保材料的需求持续增长。技术突破、政策支持、市场需求的扩大、产业链的不断完善,推动生物基聚酯材料在包装、纺织品、建筑、汽车等多个领域获得更广泛的应用。
未来,随着环保政策的加强、技术的进一步进步以及产业规模化效应的显现,生物基聚酯材料的成本有望进一步优化,从而增强其市场竞争力。同时,全球化的深入发展将加快生物基聚酯行业的国际化进程。企业需要积极参与国际竞争与合作,拓展国际市场,提升国际竞争力。中国在生物基聚酯材料领域的技术创新和市场拓展,将为全球绿色、低碳、可持续的发展贡献重要力量。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2405800)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3901800)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1503600)
  • 吉林省制造业产业链技术标准支撑体系建设项目(2024-7)
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.01.016
  • 接收时间:2024-12-20
  • 出版时间:2025-03-20
  • 发布时间:2025-03-27
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20
  • 修回日期:2025-02-10
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2405800)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3901800)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1503600)
吉林省制造业产业链技术标准支撑体系建设项目(2024-7)
作者信息
    中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,中国科学院生态环境高分子材料重点实验室,长春 130022

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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