Article(id=1148708267284558525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708266185646989, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=1741017600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751802992887, onlineDateStr=2025-07-06, pubDate=1750348800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1750867200000, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751802992887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072779892, updator=sys-migrate, issue=Issue{id=1148708266185646989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, year='2025', volume='4', issue='2', pageStart='115', pageEnd='173', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=1, createTime=1751802992624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774072738679, updator=sys-migrate, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157715879057342599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708266185646989, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157715879061536904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, issueId=1148708266185646989, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=地面运载工程专刊, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149664176274059807, articleId=1148708267284558525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=EN, title=Technological Status and Prospects of High-speed Electric Drive Systems for New Energy Vehicles, columnId=1149656489310208610, journalTitle=Science and Technology Foresight, columnName=Review and Commentary, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Electric drive systems are the core assembly components of new energy vehicles, and their comprehensive performance optimization is of great significance. To enhance the power and economic efficiency of new energy vehicles, the electric drive systems have gradually developed multiple technological pathways to improve power density. This paper focuses on high-speed electric drive systems for pure electric passenger vehicles, elaborating on the domestic and international development status of rotor structure design, loss suppression, cooling technology, and wide-bandgap power devices in automotive high-speed electric drive systems. It identifies key issues in the electric drive systems, including rotor strength, transmission system design, high-frequency control, cooling and heat dissipation, vibration and noise, shaft current, and insulation design. The development trend in new material technology of the electric drive systems is summarized, such as continuous breakthrough, deepening integration, continuous optimization of control performance, continuous improvement of operation efficiency, and accelerated construction of intelligent operation and maintenance systems. On this basis, the paper proposes development suggestions about paying attention to the balanced optimization of the comprehensive performance of the electric drive systems, strengthening the integration design of the electric drive systems and the chassis, promoting the low-carbon green development of the electric drive systems, and optimizing the cost management of the high-speed electric drive systems.

, correspAuthors=Guodong YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guodong YIN, Wei CAI, Hongwen HE, Xiaohui SHI, Xiaoyuan ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1148708273676678003, articleId=1148708267284558525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CN, title=新能源汽车高速电驱动系统技术现状与展望, columnId=1148708266483446458, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=综述与述评, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

电驱动系统是新能源汽车的核心总成部件,其综合性能优化具有重要意义。为了提高新能源汽车动力性与经济性,电驱动系统逐渐形成了多种技术路线来提升功率密度。文章针对纯电动乘用车高速电驱动系统展开研究,阐述了转子结构设计、损耗抑制、冷却技术、宽禁带功率器件等车用高速电驱动系统国内外发展现状;提出了转子强度、传动系统设计、高频调控、冷却散热、振动噪声、轴电流、绝缘设计的电驱动系统关键问题;总结了电驱动系统新材料技术不断突破、集成度不断深入、调控性能持续优化、运行效率持续提升、智能运维体系加速构建的发展趋势;并在此基础上提出了注重电驱动系统综合性能均衡优化、加强电驱动系统与底盘融合设计、推进电驱动系统低碳绿色发展和优化高速电驱动系统成本管理的发展建议。

, correspAuthors=殷国栋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=hvsr0+AgAcdCt9Ua77EsdQ==, magXml=R3Ndf7nnqZz2Djk1Hs7QuQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GoCAwf4wOsjomcVAKWeGlg==, pdfFileSize=3478205, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/xcEXzV90ArzyTfGe1PTOg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8hOvFroEksybQuB9GzFlLA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

殷国栋,教授,博士研究生导师。东南大学科研院院长,江苏省智能电动运载装备工程研究中心主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者、江苏省特聘教授。中国汽车工程学会理事、会士,中国自动化学会车辆控制与智能化专委会副主任委员,江苏省智能网联汽车标准化技术委员会副主任委员,江苏省汽车工程学会副理事长等。担任IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles、Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles、Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering、《机械工程学报》《中国公路学报》等副主编或编委。主要从事车辆动力学与控制、电动汽车与智能网联汽车等研究。主持国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划等项目30项。获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、江苏省科学技术奖一等奖、华为“难题揭榜”火花奖、江苏省“最美科技工作者”等荣誉。出版专著3部,发表论文近150篇,翻译英文著作3部,授权发明专利78件。电子信箱:

, authorsList=殷国栋, 蔡蔚, 何洪文, 石晓辉, 祝小元), CHT=ArticleExt(id=1205963458110095519, articleId=1148708267284558525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, language=CHT, title=null, columnId=null, journalTitle=前瞻科技, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1242114550829482823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ygd@seu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114550900785994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114550829482823, language=EN, stringName=Guodong YIN, firstName=Guodong, middleName=null, lastName=YIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, , address=1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114550963700555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114550829482823, language=CN, stringName=殷国栋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, , address=1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189, bio={"img":"7jfGpo+pYRku9MDIrJsuxQ==","content":"

殷国栋,教授,博士研究生导师。东南大学科研院院长,江苏省智能电动运载装备工程研究中心主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者、江苏省特聘教授。中国汽车工程学会理事、会士,中国自动化学会车辆控制与智能化专委会副主任委员,江苏省智能网联汽车标准化技术委员会副主任委员,江苏省汽车工程学会副理事长等。担任IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles、Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles、Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering、《机械工程学报》《中国公路学报》等副主编或编委。主要从事车辆动力学与控制、电动汽车与智能网联汽车等研究。主持国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划等项目30项。获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、江苏省科学技术奖一等奖、华为“难题揭榜”火花奖、江苏省“最美科技工作者”等荣誉。出版专著3部,发表论文近150篇,翻译英文著作3部,授权发明专利78件。电子信箱:

"}, bioImg=7jfGpo+pYRku9MDIrJsuxQ==, bioContent=

殷国栋,教授,博士研究生导师。东南大学科研院院长,江苏省智能电动运载装备工程研究中心主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者、江苏省特聘教授。中国汽车工程学会理事、会士,中国自动化学会车辆控制与智能化专委会副主任委员,江苏省智能网联汽车标准化技术委员会副主任委员,江苏省汽车工程学会副理事长等。担任IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles、Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles、Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering、《机械工程学报》《中国公路学报》等副主编或编委。主要从事车辆动力学与控制、电动汽车与智能网联汽车等研究。主持国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划等项目30项。获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、江苏省科学技术奖一等奖、华为“难题揭榜”火花奖、江苏省“最美科技工作者”等荣誉。出版专著3部,发表论文近150篇,翻译英文著作3部,授权发明专利78件。电子信箱:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550439412538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550447801147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550456189756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189)])]), Author(id=1242114551060169549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551127278415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551060169549, language=EN, stringName=Wei CAI, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=CAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, New Energy Motor Systems and Key Material Innovation Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551181804368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551060169549, language=CN, stringName=蔡蔚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源电机系统及关键材料创新中心,哈尔滨 150080, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550514910013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550527492926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550514910013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, New Energy Motor Systems and Key Material Innovation Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550535881535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550514910013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源电机系统及关键材料创新中心,哈尔滨 150080)])]), Author(id=1242114551244718930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551320216404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551244718930, language=EN, stringName=Hongwen HE, firstName=Hongwen, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. National Key Laboratory of High-end Automotive Integration and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551387325269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551244718930, language=CN, stringName=何洪文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100081, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550590407488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550598796097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550590407488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. National Key Laboratory of High-end Automotive Integration and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550602990402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550590407488, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100081)])]), Author(id=1242114551462822743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551542514521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551462822743, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohui SHI, firstName=Xiaohui, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. School of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551601234778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551462822743, language=CN, stringName=石晓辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆 400054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550733013827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550762373956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550733013827, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. School of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550766568261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550733013827, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆 400054)])]), Author(id=1242114551676732252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551756424030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551676732252, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyuan ZHU, firstName=Xiaoyuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1242114551819338591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, authorId=1242114551676732252, language=CN, stringName=祝小元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550439412538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550447801147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550456189756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1242114551940973408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=high-speed electric drive), Keyword(id=1242114552008082273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=fusion optimization design), Keyword(id=1242114552075191138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=thermal management), Keyword(id=1242114552159077219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=vibration noise), Keyword(id=1242114552289100644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=cost control), Keyword(id=1242114552352015205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=green sustainable), Keyword(id=1242114552414929766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=高速电驱动), Keyword(id=1242114552490427239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=融合优化设计), Keyword(id=1242114552544953192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=热管理), Keyword(id=1242114552607867753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=振动噪声), Keyword(id=1242114552683365226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=成本管控), Keyword(id=1242114552746279787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=绿色可持续)], refs=[Reference(id=1242114554340115327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=17, pageStart=6991, pageEnd=7007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=夏长亮, 叶梦婷, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏长亮, 叶梦婷. 高速电机无位置传感器控制关键技术与前景展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(17): 6991-7007., articleTitle=高速电机无位置传感器控制关键技术与前景展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554432390016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=17, pageStart=6991, pageEnd=7007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Xia C L, Ye M T, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia C L, Ye M T. Key technologies and prospects of high-speed motor sensorless control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(17): 6991-7007. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Key technologies and prospects of high-speed motor sensorless control, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554507887489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=18, pageStart=6856, pageEnd=6871, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=鲍旭聪, 王晓琳, 彭旭衡, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鲍旭聪, 王晓琳, 彭旭衡, . 高速电机驱动关键技术研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(18): 6856-6871., articleTitle=高速电机驱动关键技术研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554587579266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=18, pageStart=6856, pageEnd=6871, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Bao X C, Wang X L, Peng X H, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bao X C, Wang X L, Peng X H, et al. A review of key technologies for high-speed motor drives[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(18): 6856-6871. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A review of key technologies for high-speed motor drives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554654688131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=2989, pageEnd=2999, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=高起兴, 王晓琳, 顾聪, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高起兴, 王晓琳, 顾聪, . 基于多耦合特性的整体支撑式超高速微型永磁电机设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(14): 2989-2999., articleTitle=基于多耦合特性的整体支撑式超高速微型永磁电机设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554730185604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=2989, pageEnd=2999, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Gao Q X, Wang X L, Gu C, journalName=Journal of Electrotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Q X, Wang X L, Gu C, et al. Design of an ultra-high-speed miniature permanent magnet motor with integral support based on multi-coupling characteristics[J]. Journal of Electrotechnology, 2021, 36(14): 2989-2999. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Design of an ultra-high-speed miniature permanent magnet motor with integral support based on multi-coupling characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554801488773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=刘博, journalName=电动汽车用扁铜线绕组永磁同步电机电磁与热性能分析, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘博. 电动汽车用扁铜线绕组永磁同步电机电磁与热性能分析[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114554939900806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Liu B, journalName=Electromagnetic and thermal performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor with flat copper wire winding for electric vehicle, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu B. Electromagnetic and thermal performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor with flat copper wire winding for electric vehicle[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555048952711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李帽顺, journalName=高速永磁同步电机的转子优化设计及电磁特性分析, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李帽顺. 高速永磁同步电机的转子优化设计及电磁特性分析[D]. 青岛: 山东科技大学, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555116061576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Li M S, journalName=Optimized design of rotor and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li M S. Optimized design of rotor and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor[D]. Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555183170441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=2994, pageEnd=3007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=许颖, 朱熀秋, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许颖, 朱熀秋. 无轴承永磁同步电机系统及其关键技术发展综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(10): 2994-3007., articleTitle=无轴承永磁同步电机系统及其关键技术发展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555258667914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=2994, pageEnd=3007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Xu Y, Zhu Z Q, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Y, Zhu Z Q. A review of bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor system and its key technology development[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(10): 2994-3007. (in Chinese), articleTitle=A review of bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor system and its key technology development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555359331211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Gieras J F, journalName=Advancements in electric machines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gieras J F. Advancements in electric machines[M]. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555472577420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=49, issue=7, pageStart=4072, pageEnd=4075, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Hong D K, Joo D, Woo B C, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hong D K, Joo D, Woo B C, et al. Investigations on a super high speed motor-generator for microturbine applications using amorphous core[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2013, 49(7): 4072-4075., articleTitle=Investigations on a super high speed motor-generator for microturbine applications using amorphous core, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555539686285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=374, pageEnd=383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Wang Z R, Zhang Y, Wang T Y, journalName=Energy Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Z R, Zhang Y, Wang T Y, et al. Analytical model of mechanical properties of carbon fiber magnetic powder film-level magnetic materials for high-speed motors[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 374-383., articleTitle=Analytical model of mechanical properties of carbon fiber magnetic powder film-level magnetic materials for high-speed motors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555615183758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=61, issue=6, pageStart=3038, pageEnd=3045, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Gonzalez D A, Saban D M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gonzalez D A, Saban D M. Study of the copper losses in a high-speed permanent-magnet machine with form-wound windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(6): 3038-3045., articleTitle=Study of the copper losses in a high-speed permanent-magnet machine with form-wound windings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555690681231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=2334, pageEnd=2346, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=沈建新, 秦雪飞, 尧磊, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈建新, 秦雪飞, 尧磊, . 高速永磁电机转子强度分析与护套设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(6): 2334-2346., articleTitle=高速永磁电机转子强度分析与护套设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555770373008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=2334, pageEnd=2346, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Shen J X, Qin X F, Yao L, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen J X, Qin X F, Yao L, et al. Rotor strength analysis and retaining sleeve design for high-speed permanent magnet machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(6): 2334-2346. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Rotor strength analysis and retaining sleeve design for high-speed permanent magnet machines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555862647697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=黄允凯, journalName=铁磁材料损耗及高速软磁复合材料电机的研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄允凯. 铁磁材料损耗及高速软磁复合材料电机的研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114555933950866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Huang Y K, journalName=Research on the loss of ferromagnetic materials and high-speed soft magnetic composite motors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Y K. Research on the loss of ferromagnetic materials and high-speed soft magnetic composite motors[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2007. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114556034614163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=4306, pageEnd=4315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=许欣, 邓智泉, 张忠明, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许欣, 邓智泉, 张忠明, . 高速电机定子单槽绕组交流损耗近似解析建模及验证[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(12): 4306-4315., articleTitle=高速电机定子单槽绕组交流损耗近似解析建模及验证, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114556114305940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=4306, pageEnd=4315, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Xu X, Deng Z Q, Zhang Z M, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu X, Deng Z Q, Zhang Z M, et al. Approximate analytical modeling and validation of AC losses in a single slot winding of a high-speed motor stator[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(12): 4306-4315. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Approximate analytical modeling and validation of AC losses in a single slot winding of a high-speed motor stator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114556177220501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=159, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Chebak A, Viarouge P, Cros J, journalName=2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chebak A, Viarouge P, Cros J. Analytical model for design of high-speed slotless brushless machines with SMC stators[C]// 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2007: 159-164., articleTitle=Analytical model for design of high-speed slotless brushless machines with SMC stators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114556248523670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=66, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=Roccaforte F, Fiorenza P, Greco G, journalName=Microelectronic Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Roccaforte F, Fiorenza P, Greco G, et al. Emerging trends in wide band gap semiconductors (SiC and GaN) technology for power devices[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 2018, 187: 66-77., articleTitle=Emerging trends in wide band gap semiconductors (SiC and GaN) technology for power devices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1242114556319826839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=10.1109/TPEL.2020.3026034, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=5635, pageEnd=5646, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Nguyen H V, Lee D C, Blaabjerg F, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nguyen H V, Lee D C, Blaabjerg F. A novel SiC-based multifunctional onboard battery charger for plug-In electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(5): 5635-5646., articleTitle=A novel SiC-based multifunctional onboard battery charger for plug-In electric vehicles, refAbstract=This article proposes a simple and effective method to reduce the bulky capacitor in onboard battery charger (OBC) where low-voltage (LV) battery charging circuit is utilized as an active power decoupling (APD) circuit to filter out the second-order ripple power. When the OBC is connected to the grid to charge the high-voltage (HV) battery, the switches on the primary side of the LV charging circuit are operated as those of an ac-dc converter with APD function. Consequently, small dc-link capacitors can be used instead of large capacitor banks. In the proposed OBC, the switching devices are shared for the ac-dc converter, APD circuit, and primary-side of the LV charger. For a simultaneous charging of the LV and HV batteries, a dc-dc converter is added, which shares the same transformer core and secondary side with the LV charging circuit. So the functions of the OBC are maintained in the proposed topology whereas the volume and cost are decreased by 52.3% and 46.9% compared with the conventional nonisolated OBC, respectively. A 2-kW SiC-based prototype has been designed and tested to verify the validity of the proposed system. The peak efficiencies of the OBC and LV charger are 96.1% and 95.3%, respectively.), Reference(id=1242114556391130008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.14.004, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=14, pageStart=42, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=25, authorNames=蔡蔚, 孙东阳, 周铭浩, journalName=科技导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡蔚, 孙东阳, 周铭浩, . 第三代宽禁带功率半导体及应用发展现状[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(14): 42-55., articleTitle=第三代宽禁带功率半导体及应用发展现状, refAbstract=近年来,以碳化硅和氮化镓为代表的第三代宽禁带功率半导体迅猛发展,已成为中国功率电子行业的研发和产业化应用的重点。抓住第三代宽禁带功率半导体的战略机遇期,实现半导体材料、器件、封装模块和系统开发的自主可控,对保障工业创新体系的可持续发展至关重要。在分析第三代宽禁带功率半导体重要战略意义的基础上,综述了其材料、器件研发和产业的发展现状,阐述了碳化硅及氮化镓器件在当前环境下的应用成果,剖析了第三代半导体行业存在的关键问题。建议在国家政策的进一步领导之下,发挥行业协会和产业联盟的桥梁和纽带作用,对衬底材料、外延材料、芯片与器件设计和制造工艺等产业链各环节进行整体支撑,引导各环节间实现资源共享、强强联合,上下游互相拉动和促进,形成一个布局合理、结构完整的产业链。), Reference(id=1242114556462433177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=14, pageStart=42, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Cai W, Sun D Y, Zhou M H, journalName=Science & Technology Review, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cai W, Sun D Y, Zhou M H, et al. Third generation wide bandgap power semiconductors and their applications[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2021, 39(14): 42-55., articleTitle=Third generation wide bandgap power semiconductors and their applications, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1242114554075874171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, awardId=52025121, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52025121), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242114554134594428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, awardId=U21A20145, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(U21A20145), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1242114554189120381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, awardId=52172377, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52172377), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1242114550439412538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550447801147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550456189756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550439412538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114550514910013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550527492926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550514910013, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, New Energy Motor Systems and Key Material Innovation Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550535881535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550514910013, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源电机系统及关键材料创新中心,哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114550590407488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550598796097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550590407488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. National Key Laboratory of High-end Automotive Integration and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550602990402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550590407488, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1242114550733013827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550762373956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550733013827, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. School of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1242114550766568261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, companyId=1242114550733013827, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆 400054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1242114552922440557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=BorgWarner electric drive, figureFileSmall=C8AMRIrU1EhPpIaUqvUN5g==, figureFileBig=/xcEXzV90ArzyTfGe1PTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114552985355118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图1, caption=博格华纳电驱动, figureFileSmall=C8AMRIrU1EhPpIaUqvUN5g==, figureFileBig=/xcEXzV90ArzyTfGe1PTOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553161515887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Lucid Aird electric drive system, figureFileSmall=QVpOw1Nhsmo14xGesGEeQQ==, figureFileBig=ANl6Ux3HiqCSa5WXPdPnMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553216041840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Lucid Aird电驱动系统

TM:Traction Motor,驱动电机。

, figureFileSmall=QVpOw1Nhsmo14xGesGEeQQ==, figureFileBig=ANl6Ux3HiqCSa5WXPdPnMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553278956401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=EVSys800 electric drive, figureFileSmall=dqX76W4q6/ytfKB/vJh6/A==, figureFileBig=MvAlRdbWA0yTp7pUFf24Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553341870962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图3, caption=EVSys800电驱动, figureFileSmall=dqX76W4q6/ytfKB/vJh6/A==, figureFileBig=MvAlRdbWA0yTp7pUFf24Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553413174131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=DriveONE 800 V intelligent electric drive platform, figureFileSmall=lEQ0v1lWad3OMo+8ioYQ2Q==, figureFileBig=X0HAltOoGpdOEqH2zoGOXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553497060212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图4, caption=DriveONE 800 V智能电驱平台, figureFileSmall=lEQ0v1lWad3OMo+8ioYQ2Q==, figureFileBig=X0HAltOoGpdOEqH2zoGOXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553631277941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Xiaomi Automobile Co., Ltd V8s electric drive, figureFileSmall=X1oX7op7ggikf9sFIH2kiA==, figureFileBig=NPIoVFKZCayUz9nW5Wc9pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553715164022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小米汽车有限公司V8s电驱动, figureFileSmall=X1oX7op7ggikf9sFIH2kiA==, figureFileBig=NPIoVFKZCayUz9nW5Wc9pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553773884279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Hyper SSR Quark electric drive, figureFileSmall=nEQTPO46evp35Lfv/7VI6A==, figureFileBig=4rQ4OpAEI9vHMLSZC0Il8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553832604536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图6, caption=昊铂SSR夸克电驱, figureFileSmall=nEQTPO46evp35Lfv/7VI6A==, figureFileBig=4rQ4OpAEI9vHMLSZC0Il8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553899713401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=ProteanDrive Pd18 hub motor, figureFileSmall=jJtYkCFF+FT9478uaA1s3Q==, figureFileBig=jKFwjHmY/CVGN2pePAZC/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1242114553950045050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146032081894723586, articleId=1148708267284558525, language=CN, label=图7, caption=ProteanDrive Pd18 轮毂电机, figureFileSmall=jJtYkCFF+FT9478uaA1s3Q==, figureFileBig=jKFwjHmY/CVGN2pePAZC/w==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1129340393107079197, delFlag=0, nameCn=前瞻科技, nameEn=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-0781, eissn=, cn=10-1786/N, coden=null, periodic=2, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Sci Technol Fore, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1757931223825, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=自然科学, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, picEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1174411930946125939, language=CN, name=前瞻科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1757931223856, updatedTime=1757931223856, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/CN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.cast.org.cn/webm/, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1174411931076149364, language=EN, name=Science and Technology Foresight, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/2097-0781/home.shtml, createdTime=1757931223887, updatedTime=1757931223887, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=http://www.qianzhankeji.cn/EN/column/column7.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://qzkjauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://qzkjeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146032081894723586, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202353652128, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112768, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753516254852, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=前瞻科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148618977242275853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751781704483, updateTime=1751781704483, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977217110026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751781704477, updateTime=1751781704477, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977204527113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1751781704474, updateTime=1751781704474, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977233887244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751781704481, updateTime=1751781704481, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148618977225498635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202353652128, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751781704479, updateTime=1751781704479, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155894377965830154, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146032081894723586, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753516295187, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753516295187, updateBy=18614031015, name=《前瞻科技》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology Foresight, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155894740970233959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753516381733, updateTime=1753516381733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740953456740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753516381729, updateTime=1753516381729, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740945068131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=skpCN5mVIzgEJbdUXu8/8A==, createTime=1753516381727, updateTime=1753516381727, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740966039654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753516381732, updateTime=1753516381732, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155894740961845349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155894377965830154, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753516381731, updateTime=1753516381731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=前瞻科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology Foresight, journalPhotoCn=ti95jJIJzXaf02YNe1UF2A==, journalPhotoEn=cuGsq8KPhoqtfsQROuZvoQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/EN/PDF/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
新能源汽车高速电驱动系统技术现状与展望
收藏切换
PDF下载
殷国栋 1, , 蔡蔚 2 , 何洪文 3 , 石晓辉 4 , 祝小元 1
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025,4(2): 21-32
收起
收藏切换
前瞻科技 | 综述与述评 2025, 4(2): 21-32
新能源汽车高速电驱动系统技术现状与展望
全屏
殷国栋1, , 蔡蔚2, 何洪文3, 石晓辉4, 祝小元1
作者信息
  • 1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189
  • 2.哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源电机系统及关键材料创新中心,哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 4.重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆 400054
  • 殷国栋,教授,博士研究生导师。东南大学科研院院长,江苏省智能电动运载装备工程研究中心主任。国家杰出青年基金获得者、江苏省特聘教授。中国汽车工程学会理事、会士,中国自动化学会车辆控制与智能化专委会副主任委员,江苏省智能网联汽车标准化技术委员会副主任委员,江苏省汽车工程学会副理事长等。担任IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles、Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles、Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering、《机械工程学报》《中国公路学报》等副主编或编委。主要从事车辆动力学与控制、电动汽车与智能网联汽车等研究。主持国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划等项目30项。获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、江苏省科学技术奖一等奖、华为“难题揭榜”火花奖、江苏省“最美科技工作者”等荣誉。出版专著3部,发表论文近150篇,翻译英文著作3部,授权发明专利78件。电子信箱:

通信作者:

Technological Status and Prospects of High-speed Electric Drive Systems for New Energy Vehicles
Guodong YIN1, , Wei CAI2, Hongwen HE3, Xiaohui SHI4, Xiaoyuan ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
  • 2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, New Energy Motor Systems and Key Material Innovation Center, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3. National Key Laboratory of High-end Automotive Integration and Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 4. School of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
出版时间: 2025-06-20 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002
文章导航
收藏切换

电驱动系统是新能源汽车的核心总成部件,其综合性能优化具有重要意义。为了提高新能源汽车动力性与经济性,电驱动系统逐渐形成了多种技术路线来提升功率密度。文章针对纯电动乘用车高速电驱动系统展开研究,阐述了转子结构设计、损耗抑制、冷却技术、宽禁带功率器件等车用高速电驱动系统国内外发展现状;提出了转子强度、传动系统设计、高频调控、冷却散热、振动噪声、轴电流、绝缘设计的电驱动系统关键问题;总结了电驱动系统新材料技术不断突破、集成度不断深入、调控性能持续优化、运行效率持续提升、智能运维体系加速构建的发展趋势;并在此基础上提出了注重电驱动系统综合性能均衡优化、加强电驱动系统与底盘融合设计、推进电驱动系统低碳绿色发展和优化高速电驱动系统成本管理的发展建议。

高速电驱动  /  融合优化设计  /  热管理  /  振动噪声  /  成本管控  /  绿色可持续

Electric drive systems are the core assembly components of new energy vehicles, and their comprehensive performance optimization is of great significance. To enhance the power and economic efficiency of new energy vehicles, the electric drive systems have gradually developed multiple technological pathways to improve power density. This paper focuses on high-speed electric drive systems for pure electric passenger vehicles, elaborating on the domestic and international development status of rotor structure design, loss suppression, cooling technology, and wide-bandgap power devices in automotive high-speed electric drive systems. It identifies key issues in the electric drive systems, including rotor strength, transmission system design, high-frequency control, cooling and heat dissipation, vibration and noise, shaft current, and insulation design. The development trend in new material technology of the electric drive systems is summarized, such as continuous breakthrough, deepening integration, continuous optimization of control performance, continuous improvement of operation efficiency, and accelerated construction of intelligent operation and maintenance systems. On this basis, the paper proposes development suggestions about paying attention to the balanced optimization of the comprehensive performance of the electric drive systems, strengthening the integration design of the electric drive systems and the chassis, promoting the low-carbon green development of the electric drive systems, and optimizing the cost management of the high-speed electric drive systems.

high-speed electric drive  /  fusion optimization design  /  thermal management  /  vibration noise  /  cost control  /  green sustainable
殷国栋, 蔡蔚, 何洪文, 石晓辉, 祝小元. 新能源汽车高速电驱动系统技术现状与展望. 前瞻科技, 2025 , 4 (2) : 21 -32 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002
Guodong YIN, Wei CAI, Hongwen HE, Xiaohui SHI, Xiaoyuan ZHU. Technological Status and Prospects of High-speed Electric Drive Systems for New Energy Vehicles[J]. Science and Technology Foresight, 2025 , 4 (2) : 21 -32 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002
纯电动车凭借政策支持、城市环保需求及市场驱动,正快速崛起并成为新能源汽车市场的主力军。《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021—2035年)》等政策为中国新能源汽车行业的发展提供了强有力的支持,其中针对动力系统核心技术的突破方向,明确提出“推进电机转速与功率密度协调提升”,将电驱动系统的高速化创新列为技术攻关重点之一。这些政策举措在技术创新、市场拓展和基础设施建设等方面发挥了至关重要的作用。中国新能源汽车销量预计到2025年将突破1 560万辆,在政策引导和市场需求的双重推动下,新能源汽车产业正处于快速发展阶段,未来前景广阔。电驱动系统是新能源汽车的核心总成部件,不仅驱动着新能源车辆前行,其转速提升带来的功率密度跃升,更是实现车辆智能化操控与高性能表现的关键所在,其综合性能优化具有重要意义。
电驱动总成构型与应用车辆类型直接关联,中重型商用车强调低速高转矩输出性能,以驱动电机与多挡箱为主流。混合动力汽车由于内燃机转速区间窄且与电机的高效区对应转速不同,采用动力分流或变速器可有效提升系统效率。对于纯电动乘用车,对强调高功率密度的电驱动系统,在满足低速大扭矩需求的同时,关注高速加速性能和最高车速下的功率需求,这使得高速化成为乘用车电驱动系统的重要发展方向。当前行业技术竞争的核心,正体现在如何通过更高转速实现更紧凑的机电集成设计,这直接关系到整车轻量化与能效提升的产业级突破。高速电机通常指转速超过12 000 r/min,或其难度值(转速与功率平方根的乘积)超过1×105的电机[1]。高速电驱动系统中电机的转速普遍已达16 000 r/min以上,部分厂商,如特斯拉公司、博格华纳公司(简称博格华纳)、华为技术有限公司、小米汽车有限公司、中国第一汽车集团有限公司和精进电动科技股份有限公司(简称精进电动)等,已实现20 000 r/min以上电机技术的应用。
虽然高转速电机能提升功率密度和效率,但同时也带来了诸多挑战。极高的转速对电机结构、轴承、冷却系统,以及控制器功率模块和控制算法提出了更高的要求。同时也对电驱动中的大速比高速轮系的体积(乃至总成功率密度)和NVH(Noise,Vibration,Harshness)等带来挑战,特别是对于最高车速高于240 km/h的电驱动总成。这些技术难点的攻关不仅是产品性能提升的必经之路,更是塑造中国新能源汽车核心竞争力的战略高地。因此,未来高速电驱动系统的设计在追求高功率密度、小型化和紧凑集成的同时,还需兼顾成本控制,确保其经济可行性。此外,高速电驱动系统的发展还必须考虑不同车型(乘用车、商用车、特种车)的差异化应用场景及底盘需求。
文章立足于当前代表性高速电驱动产品,对乘用车高速电驱动技术现状进行全面阐述,就乘用车高速电驱动系统技术发展面临的挑战进行深度分析,在此基础上对高速电驱动技术未来发展趋势进行系统总结,并针对性提出高速电驱动技术发展建议。
目前,国内外各厂家对高速电驱动日益重视,新的产品技术不断推陈出新,市场竞争也越来越激烈。国外方面,美国特斯拉公司在2021年6月推出的Model S Plaid车型中率先采用了碳纤维材料包裹转子,在提高永磁电机的磁阻转矩的同时显著增强了其结构强度,使得电机的最高转速能够超过20 000 r/min。碳纤维转子的设计在高转速电驱动系统中展现出显著的优势,考虑碳纤维转子护套,需要在转子与定子之间保持适当的间隙,以确保气隙的稳定性。碳纤维转子已成为高速车用电机关键技术之一。如图1所示,博格华纳公司(BorgWarner Inc.)展示了其碳纤维电机转子高速电机。该电机的峰值功率达275 kW,峰值转速25 000 r/min。
美国的Lucid Air永磁同步电机基于900 V电压平台,电机峰值转速21 000 r/min,电驱系统峰值功率500 kW,系统总重74 kg,电驱动总成功率密度6.75 kW/kg,其电机有效功率密度更是高达15.65 kW/kg,是迄今全球量产车搭载总成和驱动电机功率密度最高的。电机定子绕组采用了多层扁线,减少了绕组高频交流损耗,同时基于波绕组连接,有效减少了端部焊点。通过定子铁芯的齿根部开槽,构建了更贴近电机绕组热点的轴向油道,在不影响定子铁芯饱和的前提下提升了电机的冷却能力。Lucid Air电驱动系统结构如图2所示,减速器和差速器完全集成在电机内,采用了先差速再减速的增扭方案,构成了单独的传动系统,减速器采用行星排齿轮机构,集成度高,进一步提升了电驱动系统功率密度。
德国采埃孚公司的EVSys800电驱动总成的电机转速最高可达19 000 r/min,系统如图3所示。该电驱动总成基于800 V高压平台,支持最高900 V+的高压架构,电机峰值功率275 kW,持续功率206 kW,轮边峰值扭矩5 200 N·m,系统总重74 kg,总成峰值功率密度3.72 kW/kg,峰值扭矩密度70.27 N·m/kg。该系统采用编织型连续波绕电机定子技术,相比传统扁线定子,绕组端部尺寸降低50%,线材用量减少10%。通过槽内油冷技术,冷却油在槽内喷出,而非端部喷出,提升了冷却性能,确保了高功率密度和效率。此外,系统集成了两组行星式减速器,同时实现减速和差速功能,结构紧凑,轴向尺寸更小,进一步提升了电驱动系统的功率密度和集成度。
中国华为技术有限公司的全新一代DriveONE 800 V智能电驱平台(图4)采用了基于高压SiC功率模块的控制器,相比上一代DriveONE 400 V电驱平台,驱动电机体积降低10%,重量减小10 kg,最高转速可达22 000 r/min,使得搭载该系统的智界S7车型具备了3.3 s的零百加速性能。
小米汽车有限公司超级电机V8s电驱平台是小米汽车技术发布会上推出的一款电驱动产品,如图5所示,自称其电机采用27 200 r/min的超高转速,其性能参数包括425 kW的峰值功率,635 N·m的峰值扭矩,电机的最高效率达到98.11%,有效功率密度高达10.14 kW/kg。为了应对高速旋转带来的挑战,小米汽车有限公司对V8s的散热系统采用了双向立体油冷技术,并重新设计了定、转子,并全系配备了基于SiC功率模块的控制器,其最高效率达99.85%。在材料应用上,V8s电机采用了960 MPa的高强度硅钢片,以及54槽6极设计和8层Hairpin扁线绕组技术,自称槽满率达到77%。
广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司Hyper昊铂SSR夸克电驱采用非晶合金定子与碳纤维高速转子材料,实现了转速高达30 000 r/min、电机功率密度达到13 kW/kg、电机效率高达98.5%。该系统结构如图6所示,电机定子采用高饱和磁感应强度的非晶合金,非晶厚度一般为0.02~0.03 mm,约为标准A4纸张厚度的1/4,铁损下降50%以上。此外,埃安夸克电驱的SiC模块降低了回路杂感、热阻,提升了芯片通流能力、功率循环寿命,充分发挥了碳化硅的高耐压、高功率密度、高效率特性。
浙江极氪智能科技有限公司(简称极氪)发布的001FR分布式电驱系统,转速高达20 620 r/min,综合最大马力达到1 265匹,官方公布的零百加速时间为2.07 s,最高车速可达280 km/h,功率密度达到4.4 kW/kg,极氪的高性能四电机系统的每一个均由SiC控制器和永磁同步电机组成。极氪001FR还采用了直瀑式油冷技术来控制电机温度,确保峰值功率可以连续12次动力加速循环无衰减。
此外,分布式轮毂电机驱动构型也是目前电驱动系统的主流选择之一,该构型采用直驱或减速驱动方式,将电驱动总成系统直接安装在车轮内,缩短了动力传递路径,提高了车辆空间利用率及动力响应速度。英国Protean Electric公司在2023年发布了第5代ProteanDrive Pd18永磁同步轮毂直驱电机,如图7所示,其最大功率为80 kW,峰值扭矩1 250 N·m,最高转速可达1 200 r/min,最高效率达到95%,整机质量仅为39 kg,可回收高达85%的制动能量,适用车型包括福特F-150、广汽传祺等电动汽车。由于直连车轮,直驱轮毂电机普遍通过提高扭矩输出能力而非高速化来提升功率密度,其紧凑结构适配电动汽车的分布式驱动需求。
综上所述,各代表性产品在高速电驱动方案上呈现出显著的差异性。从方案设计来看,特斯拉和博格华纳公司通过应用碳纤维绑扎转子技术,实现了极高的转速和轻量化效果,但同时在气隙控制、结构强度和散热设计方面提出了更高要求;而美国的Lucid Air日立Astemo的集成传动系统和优化的转子设计,则在提高功率密度和减少振动噪声方面表现突出,但可能面临制造工艺复杂和成本上升的制约。国内方案在集成程度、尺寸控制及新材料应用上积极探索,表现出在提高整体效率与成本控制上的独特优势,但在高频调控和散热管理等关键技术指标上仍有进一步突破的空间。各方案的优势与不足相互权衡,为未来高速电驱动系统的发展与优化提供了多元实践经验和改进方向。
随着高速电驱动系统中电机的转速不断升高,电驱动系统对子总成电机、减速器及电机控制器也有更高的性能要求,其关键技术也在不断突破发展[2]
电机作为高速电驱动的核心,其性能优化对系统整体性能提升至关重要[3]。扁线电机通过采用矩形截面的铜质扁线,显著提升了槽满率和绕组填充密度,提高了功率密度,已成为高速电驱动电机的主流发展方向之一。相比传统圆形导线绕组,扁线电机采用预先成型的导线结构,使其能够以特定角度弯曲并紧密插入定子槽内,形成规则且紧凑的绕组排布,从而提升电机效率与输出性能。扁线之间更大的接触面积和有利于冷却液流动的几何形状,进一步改善了热管理能力,显著降低了运行温升。同时,扁线绕组的优化设计能够有效减少电磁干扰和电磁辐射。更重要的是扁线电机能够支持更高的转速和更高的功率密度,满足高速电驱动对紧凑性、高效性和高速化的多重需求[4]。在绕组绝缘方面,电机高速化带来了绕组高频、高压和高交流损耗发热问题,电磁线的耐电晕、局部放电起始电压承受水平及绕组工艺都遇到更严酷的挑战。杜邦公司开发的Kapton®CR耐电晕聚酰亚胺薄膜,通过纳米氧化铝粒子掺杂技术,将局部起始放电电压提升至2.8 kV以上,配合三涂层绝缘结构(底漆-耐电晕层-面漆),使定子绕组电磁线在20 kHz高频工况下的绝缘寿命延长。高电压定子绝缘材料研制与绝缘系统设计、耐高温与高导热绝缘浸渍树脂/灌封胶、绝缘复合纸开发和制造工艺等是解决绕组绝缘性能的关键措施[5]。在转子材料方面,高速永磁同步电机中,特别是对于内置式稀土永磁电机,转子硅钢片铁芯磁桥材料承受应力随转速升高而增大,除了选取高强度硅钢片外,许多公司也采用减小电机外径、加长转子的设计策略用来减少离心力[6]。进而大型永磁电机碳纤维绑扎转子技术也被引入汽车驱动电机[7-8]。碳纤维包裹转子利用了碳纤维复合材料的低导电率,减少了电磁损耗,并且碳纤维的低热膨胀系数也能让套筒与转子之间实现强力机械结合,这一技术也大大推动了高速电驱动的发展[9-10]。除碳纤维包裹转子外,新型耐电晕材料在高速电机定子绝缘系统中展现出独特优势。杜邦公司开发的Kapton® CR耐电晕聚酰亚胺薄膜,通过纳米氧化铝粒子掺杂技术,将局部放电起始电压提升至2.8 kV以上,配合三涂层绝缘结构(底漆-耐电晕层-面漆),使定子绕组在20 kHz高频工况下的绝缘寿命延长。除转子外,轴承作为电驱动系统的关键部件之一,需要满足电机高温、高速的严苛运行环境,以及电机的可靠性和耐久性要求。针对高速高频电机系统共模电磁兼容问题产生的轴电压和轴承腐蚀问题,陶瓷轴承因优异的绝缘、硬度、高温稳定性和低摩擦特性,成为消除高速电机轴电流的首选。例如,混合陶瓷轴承(钢制内外圈与陶瓷球结合)能够在超高速和高温条件下保持低摩擦损耗,同时具有较强的抗离心力性能[11]。陶瓷材料还具有绝缘特性,可有效防止因电流通过轴承引起的电腐蚀。为解决高速下轴承的电腐蚀问题,NTN株式会社开发了耐电腐蚀的绝缘镀膜轴承技术,在轴承外圈的外径和端面镀了绝缘膜层,能承受100 V以上电压,具有良好的绝缘特性,提高了轴承的可靠性和耐久性。用碳纤维表面涂镍等复合材料制成的导电环将轴电压接地等短路方法也是行业解决轴承腐蚀的措施。降低轴电压的另一措施是通过控制算法减小共模电压。一般可以将空间矢量脉冲宽度调制常规控制算法的轴电压降低50%~70%。在高速电机损耗方面,随着转速的提高,包括铁芯损耗、绕组铜损和永磁体涡流损耗、机械损耗等在内的电机损耗也随之升高[12]。其中,包括涡流损耗和环流损耗在内的绕组交流损耗在高频工况下上升非常明显,是影响高速电机效率和温升的关键问题。研究利兹线绕组、换位绕组等低交流电阻损耗绕组结构和低电阻率超级铜等新型绕组材料降低直流电阻损耗具有重要意义[13]。铁芯损耗是高速电机的另一个主要损耗来源。一般来说,低机械强度的薄硅钢片,铁损系数越小越适用于制作高频电机定子铁芯。高强度铁芯冲片往往铁损系数较高,适用于离心力大的高速电机转子。高强度低损耗硅钢片的研制,有助于解决内置永磁电机的难点。当前,铁芯冲片黏结工艺、非晶等新型铁芯材料和定转子差异化铁芯冲片选型等是降低高速高频电机定子铁芯损耗的可选方向。此外,低摩擦损耗高速轴承和风摩损耗抑制方法是影响电机高速化的另一个重要方向[14]
减速器作为高速电驱动系统动力传递的核心部件,主要负责将电机输出的高速低转矩转化为车辆所需的低速高扭矩,以匹配车辆的驱动需求。单级减速器具有结构简单、成本低和效率高的优势,其适用于较低功率需求或最高车速较低的车辆应用,尤其是在低速电动车中。但随着电动汽车的高速化和高功率密度需求不断增加,单级减速器的局限性逐渐显现。对于高速电机,其有效材料的尺寸和重量与额定转矩需求正相关,而电机功率表征为瞬时转矩与角速度的乘积关系。因此,在满足特定功率需求的工况下,通过降低峰值转矩参数和提高转矩,可有效提高电机的功率密度。为了满足车辆低速和爬坡等复杂工况的高转矩需求,低转矩电机需要匹配高传动比的减速器,故高传动比减速器逐渐成为主流。采用减速器电驱动的最高车速正比于电机最高转速。因此,最高车速越高,车辆需要驱动电机转速越高。行星齿轮减速器的一个显著优势就是能够同轴传动且传动比较大,通过合理设计行星齿轮的齿数和排列方式,可设计出体积紧凑的高功率密度传动模块,从而实现满足高低速转矩需求的高功率密度电驱动总成。此外,新型断开机构的研发取得突破,精进电动和博格华纳开发的eDM电驱动模块采用电磁式爪形离合器,可在100 ms内实现传动系统与车轮的物理断开,减少高速滑行时的拖拽损耗达12%。行星齿轮减速器已广泛应用于电动汽车和其他高速电驱动系统,为电机与负载的高效匹配提供了强有力的支撑。此外,为适应高速电机广泛工况需求,多挡化设计能够保障电机在不同运行条件下维持高效工作状态,从而平衡车辆的动力性与节能性。例如,宝马i8和部分国产新能源车型已采用变速器技术,以提高系统能效并优化整车性能。虽然变速器能够应对更广泛的工况,但它的复杂性和制造成本通常要求更加精密的设计和精致的制造工艺。
在电机控制器方面,SiC和GaN作为第三代宽禁带半导体新材料,特别是SiC凭借其制成的功率器件的耐高压特性、高开关频率和低开关损耗的物理性能优势,正在快速取代传统硅基绝缘栅双极晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT)器件,成为电力电子领域的新兴主力,适合高温、高压及高频应用场景[15-16]。传统Si基IGBT因较大的开关损耗和较低的工作温度上限,在高效、高功率密度和高集成化的现代电力电子需求中逐渐显现局限性,而SiC 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal-oxide-semiconductor Field-effect Transistor, MOSFET)和GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管(High Electron Mobility Transistor, HEMT)凭借更高的电子迁移率、更高的击穿电场强度和优异的热导率,显著提高了电力电子系统的效率并降低了系统的散热需求。高耐温薄膜电容技术方面,基美电子有限公司开发的C0G特性金属化聚丙烯薄膜电容(Metalized Polypropylene Film Capacitor, MPPC),在150 ℃工况下容值衰减率<2%,纹波电流承受能力达45Arms,有效支撑SiC器件的高频开关需求。宽禁带功率半导体新材料同时推动了器件小型化和集成化设计,进一步降低了电驱动系统成本。
随着驱动电机转速的提升,内置式转子结构在旋转过程中产生的离心力成倍增加,容易导致转子因应力发生形变甚至裂解,选取高性能转子材料是转子强度设计需要考虑的问题。与此同时,转子在高速旋转过程中,由于永磁体和转子铁芯采用嵌入式结构,两者之间承受巨大的拉应力,造成转子内部出现裂纹或疲劳损伤。如何优化设计转子与永磁铁的拓扑结构,减小拉应力,同时保证电机具有良好的电磁特性,成为转子强度设计的另一难题。
随着电驱动系统高速化的发展,传动系统的设计要求也随之提升。一方面,高速电驱动系统需配有更大速比的减速器,以满足动力需求,但传动比的增大,会造成尺寸重量的增加,对其安装和制造工艺要求更高,同时大传动比会影响系统整体效率和动态调控性能。另一方面,高速电机带来的转速提升使得传动系统部件(如齿轮、轴承)必须具备更高的精度和耐久性,以应对高频振动、噪声和转矩波动的挑战,齿轮的啮合精度和轴承的高转速适应性成为关键,尤其是在高负载和长时间运行条件下,其稳定性和可靠性面临着严峻考验。
随着电驱动系统高速化的发展,其驱动电机控制系统面临着高频调控问题。电机在高速运行时,电压、电流与转速之间的耦合效应显著增强,且各参数的时变特征也愈加突出。如何实现非线性耦合和参数时变下的稳定控制,成为高频调控的关键难题。同时,受限于传统硅基功率器件的开关频率特性,使控制器不足以提供宽频带的调控性能,增加了调控难度。此外,在高基频下,以位置传感器组成的闭环调控系统容易出现转子位置信息获取不准确的问题,需要进行位置补偿,结合无传感器控制技术可以改善其高基频下的调控性能,但也增加了控制的复杂度,给控制器设计带来了新的挑战。
随着车用高速电驱动系统转速的不断提高,驱动电机各部件的损耗功率大幅增大,导致电机定子与转子部件的温度快速升高,过高的温度会加剧电机磁-热耦合的特性,影响动力输出的性能,引发一系列热效应问题。同时,在高速化发展下,热分析方法也面临着全新的挑战。一方面,传统损耗建模方法在高基频下的精度难以保证。另一方面,以集总参数热网络模型为代表的热分析方法面临参数不准确的问题。此外,随着高速化发展,系统结构更加紧凑,使得驱动电机的有效散热面积不断减小,加剧了冷却系统散热需求与设计之间的矛盾,如何在有限的空间结构中设计满足散热条件的冷却结构,成为驱动电机高速化发展的关键因素。
电机的高速化发展给电驱动系统带来了新的振动噪声问题。一方面,在宽频噪声特性下,电驱动系统各部件(如减速器、电机、控制器)由于深度耦合,分别表现出复杂的振动特性,这种耦合效应使得单独优化某一部件难以实现理想的减振降噪效果,必须从系统整体入手,开发兼顾机-电-磁-热耦合特性的NVH优化技术。另一方面,电机高速运行时,宽频噪声的特性使电机更易在多个频段内与系统其他部件发生共振,造成共振频率的阶次显著增大。如何合理避开系统的共振阶次成为设计阶段的关键挑战,对NVH设计方法提出了更高的技术要求。
高速化发展加剧了逆变器脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)信号的高频特性,其高频的激励信号作用于电机定子绕组,通过电机中杂散电容形成通路,使得电机运行时轴承内外圈之间产生轴电压,轴电压将产生的轴电流流经轴承滚动体和圈套滚道,并在滚动体和滚道上产生电腐蚀,从而造成轴承过热和噪声,甚至出现烧毁等问题,成为影响高速轴承使用寿命的关键因素,严重危害着高速电机的可靠运行。因此,如何在保证高速性能的同时,避免电腐蚀及提高轴承的耐久性,成为高速电驱动系统中亟待解决的难题。
高速电驱动系统普遍采用800 V高压平台架构。在高速运行时,系统中的高频高幅电场特性突出,这要求绝缘零件在承受高电压幅值的同时,还需要避免因高频电场激励导致的局部击穿或电晕放电现象的发生,同时热效应、机械应力及电磁振动的多场耦合作用也对绝缘材料的热稳定性和抗老化性能提出了更高要求。此外,高速电驱动系统一般采用高集成度的设计方法,使得绝缘零件需具备更高的绝缘功能密度,这增加了材料选择、结构优化及制造工艺的复杂性。解决耐高温、耐高压绝缘系统的电老化和热老化问题是提高电机系统可靠耐久性的关键技术。
随着电驱动系统不断向高转速、高功率密度和高度集成化的方向发展,作为典型多物理场耦合的系统,一方面,内部电机电磁场、温度场与齿轮系统机械场的交叉耦合作用日益突出,导致系统输出特性、振动特性和能耗特性变得愈加复杂;另一方面,在电磁激励、热激励及齿轮传动系统机械激励的共同作用下,无论是从系统层面还是部件层面来看,电机的可靠性设计都面临着严峻挑战。因此,如何有效解决多物理场耦合问题对于提高整个电驱动系统的可靠性和稳定性具有重要意义。
新材料的应用是提升高速电驱动系统性能的重要突破口。SiC、GaN等宽禁带化合物半导体材料有着高额定电压、高功率密度、低导通损耗、高工作温度和高电子迁移率的特性[17]。相比传统硅基功率器件,SiC、GaN功率器件在高温、高压、高频环境下整体工作效率更优,其拓扑结构功率单元数量更少,无源器件与散热器总体积相比传统硅体积更小,适应800 V或更高的电驱动电压平台、电驱动集成与高速电驱动多方向开发需求。高温环境下,传统铝线绕组与铜绕组电机难以维持工作效率与导电性能,石墨烯铜和碳纳米管等超级铜材料具有电导率高于铜10%左右乃至数倍的优势,在高速电驱动领域有广阔的工业应用前景。在高速高频环境下,传统绝缘材料在电晕放电的破坏作用下老化严重,聚酰亚胺(Polyimide, PI)薄膜等耐电晕材料及改性技术研发,通过减少极端环境下绝缘击穿问题,大幅提高高速电驱动系统使用寿命。非晶合金和碳纤维增强材料与转子拓扑结构优化(如Halbach阵列、混合励磁转子)结合,在提升转子机械强度的同时降低涡流损耗,提高电机转子的强度和轻量化程度,并能有效抑制高速旋转时产生的离心力对电机的影响,适配电机高速化需求。
电驱动系统目前呈现深度集成的趋势,将电机、减速器、电机控制器、供电总成,以及车载充电器、DC/DC等集成,以缩小电驱动系统整体体积,消减能量传输损耗情况,提高系统整体工作效率。在机械结构方面,轮毂电机技术将电驱动系统直接集成到车轮内,省去了传统的传动轴和差速器,轮毂电机可以同时承担制动与能源回收功能。不仅减轻底盘整体质量,缩短动力传递路径,提高驱动效率,而且容易打造轮距和轴距可调的滑板底盘平台。高磁场储能的轴向磁通电机及其拓扑成为轮毂电机集成轴向长度短、体积小、高效应用的重要探索方向之一。同时,电驱动系统与底盘系统的集成也在不断深入,双电机分布驱动、轮边电机结合电子差速的技术可大幅压缩底盘空间,提升整车智能控制水平。轮毂电机与线控转向、线控制动、主动悬架系统集成驱动角模块,可以根据实时路况和驾驶模式实现各轮毂受力情况动态调节,提高操控性能与驾驶舒适性体验,底盘线控技术与动力域、底盘域的协同控制为车辆提供了更为精确的动力输出与操控反馈,确保在不同驾驶工况下的稳定性和高效能。
在高频高温条件下,传统硅基功率器件难以维持工作性能,GaN和SiC等宽禁带半导体材料具备高额定电压、高热导率、强热稳定性、高电子迁移率的特性,宽禁带半导体材料大幅提升高频高温环境下逆变器的开关频率与工作稳定性,降低波形畸变程度,提升逆变器高频工作效率,减少高温高速条件下控制失效。氮化镓和氧化镓等在DC/DC、车载充电器(OBC)以及多电平电机控制器上应用前景较好。高频条件下,传统薄膜电容逆变器因快速开关易产生较强的趋肤效应与局部过热现象,进而导致较强的直流母线电压波动,耐高温薄膜电容技术的研究在降低局部过热现象的基础上,稳定输入输出电压,保证整车驱动效率与可靠性。相对于行业普遍采用电压源逆变器控制驱动电机,电流源逆变器所需电容耐温较低,是当前薄膜电容器耐温瓶颈的替代技术路线,值得探索。电机高速运行时,参数时变效应与电流耦合程度显著提升,高效的电流解耦策略及深度学习等自适应算法的应用,实现高速电机参数实时评估与补偿,减少因控制器失效导致的转速误差,提升高速性能。高速高温工况下,转速传感器信号滞后、精度误差、带宽限制等问题及霍尔元件等半导体元件的高温失效问题易导致电机反馈控制失调与转速转矩失稳,严重影响电机高速性能,反电动势法、高频注入法、模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)等无传感器控制方法推动了电驱动系统高速控制稳定性提升。
高速电驱动系统的运行效率持续提升,主要在于系统能耗优化和工作运行效率提高。在系统能耗优化方面,采用低损耗的导电材料(如超级铜、纯铜导线)和高性能铁芯材料(如非晶合金、纳米晶材料),可分别降低铜损和铁耗。同时采用谐波抑制的调制方法降低定转子的铁芯损耗,从而全面降低整个系统的能耗,以提高整体效率。在工作运行效率方面,先进的控制算法,如最大转矩电流比(Maximum Torque Per Ampere,MTPA)、最大转矩电压比和最大转矩损耗比等控制,结合智能调速和变频控制技术,确保电机在不同负载和工况下采用适当控制算法以保持最佳效率,减少不必要的能量浪费。云端平台、大数据模型等通过海量车辆运行数据(如电机工况、环境温度、驾驶习惯)构建高速电驱动系统数字孪生模型,利用强化学习或遗传算法等全局优化控制参数,结合参数在线辨识与故障检测技术,解决传统模型依赖固定参数模型问题,确保最优运行效率分配,实现高性能的自适应控制与无传感器控制。GaN等低导通电阻的高频功率器件的应用,降低高速工况下逆变器开关损耗,兼顾电驱动系统的高速性能与功率密度。
电驱动系统作为新能源汽车的关键核心部件,其发展战略需围绕技术突破、产业链创新、市场适配和政策协同展开。面向新能源汽车产业发展规划,围绕电驱动系统综合性能优化、融合设计、绿色发展及成本管控,提出以下建议。
乘用车用电驱动系统工况受道路限速约束,高速区间的实际使用占比较小,对加速性能、能耗、可靠性等电驱动整体性能与成本要求较高。过度推进电驱动系统高速性能会对功率、逆变器、散热提出赘余的优化需求,同时对车辆、底盘、电池稳定性与寿命产生损伤,影响车辆整体正常运行效率。因此,在乘用车实际应用中,需注重电驱动系统综合性能与成本,根据实际工况建立智能化控制策略,平衡系统动力输出与电池能量管理,避免极端设计,保持各项性能的协调,确保电驱动系统能够在各种驾驶条件下提供平稳、可靠的表现,最终实现电动汽车各项性能指标的均衡达优。
基于电驱动系统构型与环境工况匹配需求,建立成体系的动力底盘工况匹配方案。针对乘用车、商用车、特种车辆等不同应用场景(如低速大扭矩需求或者高速电驱动需求)需综合考虑路况、车辆尺寸、电驱动布局选择、环境条件等核心参数,从而确定高速电驱动系统部件选型与底盘结构适配方案。对于轮毂电机等分布式电驱动系统,直驱电机、减速器直驱形式以差动形式实现转向控制,要求较高的瞬时扭矩,不宜寻求高速电驱动,而带减速器的轮毂驱动电机,电机转速因减速比而适当提升。同时,多电机系统因其高效区间互补特性,也为高速工况提供了更多选择。综合考虑性能需求、价格、使用寿命等因素建立电驱动系统-底盘匹配体系,为高性能动力底盘集成提供理论支持。
优化关键材料选择与生产方式。电机常用的绝缘材料为环氧树脂,其固化与浸渍过程存在一定污染,对水基绝缘涂料等环保绝缘材料与快速固化绝缘材料的研发,能大幅减少电机绝缘系统污染。环保型绝缘材料的稀土金属等电机材料,锂、钴、镍等电池原材料的开采、提炼过程均会产生较大的碳排放,应加大对非晶软磁合金材料等无稀土永磁体材料的研发与金属增材等加工工艺优化,减少加工过程材料浪费与能源消耗。推进系统永磁材料的回收和再利用;减少包括功率器件在内的核心零部件数量;推动GaN高频开关器件应用与空心轴等轻量化技术,削减功率器件总数。推动电驱动总成产业优化,削减机电驱动系统壳体与控制器等整体加工碳排放,减少电驱动总成全生命周期碳排放。同时,优化绝缘涂料与废弃润滑油等的分选萃取回收技术,遏制废料污染。
在电机方面,减少对重稀土永磁材料的依赖,通过优化定转子结构和采用少重稀土与无稀土永磁材料的组合,可以在保持磁性能的同时,显著降低材料成本。此外,超级铜、非晶合金等低损耗材料的应用,能够在削减铜损和铁芯损耗的同时,有效降低高速振动噪声,提高电机寿命。高速电驱动系统的大传动比需求会导致减速器质量增大、耗材增多和传动效率下降,轻量化技术(如电机轴空心化设计)不仅有助于减少电驱动系统总质量,还能降低整体材料损耗,从而降低系统成本。同时,结合多目标优化技术,根据工作需求合理匹配电机和减速器性能,实现动力需求、电机性能、传动比、整体成本的最优方案选择,是节省电驱动系统总成本的重要手段。高速高温工况下,传统硅基功率器件存在严重的开关频率限制和效率损失问题。宽禁带功率半导体材料(如SiC、GaN)及混合逆变器方案的采用能够提高功率密度,降低系统能耗,同时减少体积和质量。此外,SiC与IGBT的混合方案为中低端车型提供了一种有效的成本优化路径,既保证了系统性能,又能够降低电控成本。
高速电驱动系统是目前推动纯电动乘用车性能提升的主流方案之一,在提高电驱动系统功率密度、工况效率方面有显著优势。但驱动电机的高转速特性对电驱动系统的结构强度、振动噪声、热管理、高频调控、绝缘设计等方面提出了更高的要求。随着电动汽车行业降本增效需求的不断增加,电驱动系统也将朝着更高功率密度、高调控性能、高可靠性及低成本的方向发展。因快速充电和大功率超充需求,新能源整车平台标称电压有提升趋势,电压可能从目前的400~800 V DC提高到1 000 V DC,超前研发高压电驱动系统所需的绝缘体系、开关寿命,以及功率电子器件、电容等材料和部件势在必行。因此,需要进一步注重电驱动系统综合性能均衡优化、推进电驱动系统全流程成本管理。在电驱动系统设计过程中,高速电驱动并非唯一选择,应根据需求与工况选择不同的技术方案,通过需求牵引推动发展。通过加强电驱动系统与底盘融合设计,优化电驱动系统的技术方案及正向设计水平,从而提升中国在新能源汽车核心技术方面的竞争力,推动新能源汽车产业高质量可持续发展。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52025121)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U21A20145)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52172377)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
夏长亮, 叶梦婷. 高速电机无位置传感器控制关键技术与前景展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(17): 6991-7007.
Xia C L, Ye M T. Key technologies and prospects of high-speed motor sensorless control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(17): 6991-7007. (in Chinese)
[2]
鲍旭聪, 王晓琳, 彭旭衡, . 高速电机驱动关键技术研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(18): 6856-6871.
Bao X C, Wang X L, Peng X H, et al. A review of key technologies for high-speed motor drives[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(18): 6856-6871. (in Chinese)
[3]
高起兴, 王晓琳, 顾聪, . 基于多耦合特性的整体支撑式超高速微型永磁电机设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(14): 2989-2999.
Gao Q X, Wang X L, Gu C, et al. Design of an ultra-high-speed miniature permanent magnet motor with integral support based on multi-coupling characteristics[J]. Journal of Electrotechnology, 2021, 36(14): 2989-2999. (in Chinese)
[4]
刘博. 电动汽车用扁铜线绕组永磁同步电机电磁与热性能分析[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2022.
Liu B. Electromagnetic and thermal performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor with flat copper wire winding for electric vehicle[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022. (in Chinese)
[5]
李帽顺. 高速永磁同步电机的转子优化设计及电磁特性分析[D]. 青岛: 山东科技大学, 2020.
Li M S. Optimized design of rotor and electromagnetic characteristic analysis of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor[D]. Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2020. (in Chinese)
[6]
许颖, 朱熀秋. 无轴承永磁同步电机系统及其关键技术发展综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(10): 2994-3007.
Xu Y, Zhu Z Q. A review of bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor system and its key technology development[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(10): 2994-3007. (in Chinese)
[7]
Gieras J F. Advancements in electric machines[M]. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.
[8]
Hong D K, Joo D, Woo B C, et al. Investigations on a super high speed motor-generator for microturbine applications using amorphous core[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2013, 49(7): 4072-4075.
[9]
Wang Z R, Zhang Y, Wang T Y, et al. Analytical model of mechanical properties of carbon fiber magnetic powder film-level magnetic materials for high-speed motors[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 374-383.
[10]
Gonzalez D A, Saban D M. Study of the copper losses in a high-speed permanent-magnet machine with form-wound windings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(6): 3038-3045.
[11]
沈建新, 秦雪飞, 尧磊, . 高速永磁电机转子强度分析与护套设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(6): 2334-2346.
Shen J X, Qin X F, Yao L, et al. Rotor strength analysis and retaining sleeve design for high-speed permanent magnet machines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(6): 2334-2346. (in Chinese)
[12]
黄允凯. 铁磁材料损耗及高速软磁复合材料电机的研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2007.
Huang Y K. Research on the loss of ferromagnetic materials and high-speed soft magnetic composite motors[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[13]
许欣, 邓智泉, 张忠明, . 高速电机定子单槽绕组交流损耗近似解析建模及验证[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(12): 4306-4315.
Xu X, Deng Z Q, Zhang Z M, et al. Approximate analytical modeling and validation of AC losses in a single slot winding of a high-speed motor stator[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(12): 4306-4315. (in Chinese)
[14]
Chebak A, Viarouge P, Cros J. Analytical model for design of high-speed slotless brushless machines with SMC stators[C]// 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2007: 159-164.
[15]
Roccaforte F, Fiorenza P, Greco G, et al. Emerging trends in wide band gap semiconductors (SiC and GaN) technology for power devices[J]. Microelectronic Engineering, 2018, 187: 66-77.
[16]
Nguyen H V, Lee D C, Blaabjerg F. A novel SiC-based multifunctional onboard battery charger for plug-In electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(5): 5635-5646.
[17]
蔡蔚, 孙东阳, 周铭浩, . 第三代宽禁带功率半导体及应用发展现状[J]. 科技导报, 2021, 39(14): 42-55.
Cai W, Sun D Y, Zhou M H, et al. Third generation wide bandgap power semiconductors and their applications[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2021, 39(14): 42-55.
2025年第4卷第2期
PDF下载
2846
1478
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 出版时间:2025-06-20
  • 发布时间:2025-06-26
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
  • 修回日期:2025-03-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(52025121)
国家自然科学基金(U21A20145)
国家自然科学基金(52172377)
作者信息
    1.东南大学机械工程学院,南京 211189
    2.哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源电机系统及关键材料创新中心,哈尔滨 150080
    3.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,高端汽车集成与控制全国重点实验室,北京 100081
    4.重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆 400054

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qzkj/CN/10.3981/j.issn.2097-0781.2025.02.002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏