Article(id=1244213318492205835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11676/qxxb2025.20240126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724947200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-30, revisedDate=1744214400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774573171494, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774573171494, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774573171494, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774573171494, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244213313182221193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, year='2025', volume='83', issue='5', pageStart='1139', pageEnd='1384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774573170228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774573255889, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1152, endPage=1168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244213318731281171, articleId=1244213318492205835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, language=EN, title=Characteristics of a back-building mesoscale convective system causing short-duration heavy rainfall in Zhejiang province, columnId=1244213315661054860, journalTitle=Acta Meteorologica Sinica, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Back-building MCSs (Mesoscale Convective Systems) are highly conductive to sudden, localized short-duration heavy rainfall. In order to reveal the characteristics of this type of MCS and its association with heavy rainfall, this study systematically studies spatial and temporal distribution of back-building MCSs that triggered short-duration heavy rainfall during the warm seasons from 2015 to 2021 in Zhejiang province. Different organizational forms and environmental thermodynamic factors of different types are also explored. The results show that back-building MCSs in Zhejiang province exhibit significant monthly and diurnal variation patterns, i.e., MCSs mainly occur in June and July with peak hourly rainfall intensities of 30 and 50 mm in these two months, respectively. The MCS primarily form between 11:00 and 14:00 BT, with the highest frequency of formation occurring between 12:00 and 13:00 BT. The majority of MCSs have a duration of 12 h or less, with 10 h duration being the most common. The start time of backward propagation shows a quasi-bimodal pattern, which is 2—3 h later than the main formation time of the MCS. For 90% of the cases, the time of maximum hourly rainfall intensity occur within 0—2.5 h after the onset of the backward propagation. Based on the evolution characteristics of convective system organization, the back-building MCSs with short-duration heavy rainfall in Zhejiang province can be categorized into four types: Advective, quasi-stationary, turning, and propagating MCS, with about 42% occuring under the forcing of weak synoptic-scale system. The MCS usually occurs in an environment with medium convective available potential energy (CAPE), high humidity and appropriate vertical wind shear, but with different environmental factors for different types. The quasi-stationary MCSs account for the largest proportion (44.7%) and are characterized by significant environmental dynamic features, including strong atmospheric instability, large steering flow, and mid-to-lower-level vertical wind shear. They result in relatively weak maximum hourly rainfall intensity (the median is 50 mm/h). Propagating MCSs (accounting for about 17%) exhibit more distinct environmental thermodynamic characteristics with large CAPE and precipitable water (PW), and lead to the strongest maximum hourly rainfall intensity (the median is 70 mm/h).
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后向传播型中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System,MCS)极易引发突发性、局地性短时强降水。为了揭示该类MCS的特征及其与强降水的联系,对浙江省2015—2021年暖季引发短时强降水的后向传播型MCS的时空分布、不同类型组织形态和环境热、动力因子进行了系统研究,结果表明,引发浙江短时强降水后向传播型MCS存在有显著的月际变化和日变化规律,主要发生在6和7月,且分别以最大小时雨量30和50 mm为主。MCS主要形成在11—14时(北京时,下同),尤其12—13时形成的最多。绝大多数MCS的持续时长≤12 h,其中持续10 h的数量最多。后向传播开始的时间呈准双峰型,较MCS生成的主要时间晚2—3 h。近90%的个例最大小时雨量出现时间在后向传播开始之后0—2.5 h内。根据对流系统组织的演变特征,短时强降水后向传播型MCS分为平流型、准静止型、转向型和传播型4种,约42%发生在弱天气尺度系统强迫下。后向传播型MCS常发生在中等能量、高湿、具有一定风垂直切变的热、动力环境中,但不同组织类型的环境因子存在一定差异。准静止型MCS占比最高(44.7%),其环境场动力特征较显著,具有较强的大气层结不稳定、较强的引导气流和中低层风垂直切变,产生的平均最大小时雨强相对较弱(中位数为50 mm/h);而传播型MCS(占比约17%)的环境场热力特征较明显,表现为较大的对流有效位能(CAPE)和整层可降水量(PW),造成的平均最大小时雨强最强(中位数达70 mm/h)。
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, authorsList=桑明慧, 舒守娟, 李文娟, 沈晓玲)}, authors=[Author(id=1244213325542830113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sangsang8916@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1244213325689630759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213325542830113, language=EN, stringName=Minghui SANG, firstName=Minghui, middleName=null, lastName=SANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.Shaoxing Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction Center,Shaoxing 312000,China
2.Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Phased Array Weather Radar Technology and Application,Shaoxing 312000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1244213325781905452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213325542830113, language=CN, stringName=桑明慧, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.绍兴市气象防灾减灾中心,绍兴,312000
2.绍兴市相控阵阵列天气雷达技术与应用重点实验室,绍兴,312000, bio={"content":"
桑明慧,主要从事中小尺度灾害天气研究。E-mail:sangsang8916@163.com
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桑明慧,主要从事中小尺度灾害天气研究。E-mail:sangsang8916@163.com
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244213324905296883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213324917879795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213324905296883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.Shaoxing Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction Center,Shaoxing 312000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213324926268404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213324905296883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.绍兴市气象防灾减灾中心,绍兴,312000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1244213325064680447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325068874752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325064680447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Phased Array Weather Radar Technology and Application,Shaoxing 312000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325077262337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325064680447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.绍兴市相控阵阵列天气雷达技术与应用重点实验室,绍兴,312000)])]), Author(id=1244213325911928884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sjshu@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326016786492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213325911928884, language=EN, stringName=Shoujuan SHU, firstName=Shoujuan, middleName=null, lastName=SHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326130032708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213325911928884, language=CN, stringName=舒守娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.浙江大学地球科学学院大气科学系,杭州,310058, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244213325165342727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325173731336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325165342727, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325182119946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325165342727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.浙江大学地球科学学院大气科学系,杭州,310058)])]), Author(id=1244213326243278924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326339747926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213326243278924, language=EN, stringName=Wenjuan LI, firstName=Wenjuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
4, address=
4.Meteorological Observatory of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310051,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326432022622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213326243278924, language=CN, stringName=李文娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
4, address=
4.浙江省气象台,杭州,310051, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244213325282783247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325291171856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325282783247, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4.Meteorological Observatory of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310051,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325295366161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325282783247, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
4.浙江省气象台,杭州,310051)])]), Author(id=1244213326545268839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326671097970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213326545268839, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoling SHEN, firstName=Xiaoling, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 5, address=
2.Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Phased Array Weather Radar Technology and Application,Shaoxing 312000,China
5.Meteorological Observatory of Shaoxing,Shaoxing 312000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1244213326742401146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, authorId=1244213326545268839, language=CN, stringName=沈晓玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
2, 5, address=
2.绍兴市相控阵阵列天气雷达技术与应用重点实验室,绍兴,312000
5.绍兴市气象台,绍兴,312000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244213325064680447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325068874752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325064680447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Phased Array Weather Radar Technology and Application,Shaoxing 312000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325077262337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325064680447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.绍兴市相控阵阵列天气雷达技术与应用重点实验室,绍兴,312000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1244213325404418072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325412806679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325404418072, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
5.Meteorological Observatory of Shaoxing,Shaoxing 312000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325421195289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325404418072, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
5.绍兴市气象台,绍兴,312000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1244213326851453061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Back-building), Keyword(id=1244213326952116365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Short-duration heavy rainfall), Keyword(id=1244213327056973972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=MCS), Keyword(id=1244213327161831580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=后向传播), Keyword(id=1244213327275077794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=短时强降水), Keyword(id=1244213327400906921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=中尺度对流系统)], refs=[Reference(id=1244213334036296027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=70, issue=3, pageStart=371, pageEnd=386, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈明轩, 王迎春, journalName=气象学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈明轩,王迎春.
2012.低层垂直风切变和冷池相互作用影响华北地区一次飑线过程发展维持的数值模拟.
气象学报,
70(3): 371-386., articleTitle=低层垂直风切变和冷池相互作用影响华北地区一次飑线过程发展维持的数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244213334145347936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=70, issue=3, pageStart=371, pageEnd=386, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Chen M X, Wang Y C, journalName=Acta Meteor Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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2012. Numerical simulation study of interactional effects of the low-level vertical wind shear with the cold pool on a squall line evolution in North China.
Acta Meteor Sinica,
70(3):371-386 (in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation study of interactional effects of the low-level vertical wind shear with the cold pool on a squall line evolution in North China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244213334229234022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=71, issue=4, pageStart=569, pageEnd=592, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=2, authorNames=陈明轩, 王迎春, 肖现, journalName=气象学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈明轩,王迎春,肖现
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2013.北京“7·21”暴雨雨团的发生和传播机理.
气象学报,
71(4): 569-592., articleTitle=北京“7·21”暴雨雨团的发生和传播机理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244213334317314409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=71, issue=4, pageStart=569, pageEnd=592, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Chen M X, Wang Y C, Xiao X, journalName=Acta Meteor Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
Chen M X,
Wang Y C,
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et al.
2013. Initiation and propagation mechanism for the Beijing extreme heavy rainstorm clusters on 21 July 2012.
Acta Meteor Sinica,
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2021.对流初生机理的研究进展.
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2022.山东一次浅薄冷空气触发强降水过程的对流系统组织形态演变分析.
气象,
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2022. Analysis on the evolution of convective system organization in a process of severe precipitation triggered by shallow cold air in Shandong.
Meteor Mon,
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2018.2017年5月7日广州特大暴雨微物理特征及其触发维持机制分析.
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2018. Microphysical characteristics, initiation and maintenance of record heavy rainfall over Guangzhou region on 7 May 2017.
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2015.山东中西部后向发展雷暴初步研究.
气象学报,
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2015. A preliminary investigation into the back-development thunderstorms in midwestern Shandong Province.
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2020.陕西后向传播雷暴统计特征与机理初步研究.
高原气象,
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2020. A preliminary study on statistical characteristics and mechanism of backward-propagating thunderstorms in Shaanxi.
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2020.地形作用下低空急流的演变与强降水对流风暴系统的相互作用.
气象学报,
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2012.一次由“列车效应”造成的致洪暴雨分析研究.
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2012. The analysis of the heavy rainstorm caused by "train effect".
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2023.弱天气系统强迫下一次突发性大暴雨成因分析.
高原气象,
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2023. Mechanism analysis of an abrupt torrential rain event under weak synoptic forcing.
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2021.重庆一次弱天气系统强迫下的极端短时强降水事件分析.
气象,
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2021. Analysis of a short-time extreme precipitation event in Chongqing under weak synoptic forcing.
Meteor Mon,
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2013.苏沪浙地区短时强降水与冰雹天气分布及物理量特征对比分析.
气象,
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2013. Comparative analysis on weather characteristics and convective parameters of torrential rain and hail in Yangtze river delta.
Meteor Mon,
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2020.华北两类产生极端强天气的线状对流系统分布特征与环境条件.
气象学报,
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2020. Climatology and environmental conditions of two types of quasi-linear convective systems with extremely intense weather in North China.
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2022.豫北“21·7”极端暴雨过程特征及成因分析.
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2022. Analysis on characteristics and causes of the July 2021 extreme rainstorm in northern Henan.
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2013.多单体雷暴的形变与列车效应传播机制.
大气科学,
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2018.华北一次暖区暴雨雷暴触发及传播机制研究.
气象,
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2018. Study on initiation and propagation mechanism of a warm-sector torrential rain in North China.
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2015.双多普勒雷达风场反演对一次后向传播雷暴过程的分析.
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2018.2017年5月7日广州极端强降水对流系统结构、触发和维持机制.
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5.Meteorological Observatory of Shaoxing,Shaoxing 312000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213325421195289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, companyId=1244213325404418072, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
5.绍兴市气象台,绍兴,312000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1244213327589650611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
(a)Schematic diagram of back-building MCS,and(b)a radar image of a real-case scenario(28 August 2019)(P represents the direction of propagation,V is the direction of advection,C represents the direction of system movement;M indicates the main radar echo,N represents the periodically triggered new cells,the Arabic numerals indicate the sequence of cell triggering,and the Roman numerals represent quadrants), figureFileSmall=rNfDq9beQPu5EMUaX8dpsA==, figureFileBig=DVnx3co6NMV4sh3qOL+MWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213327707091126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
后向传播型MCS示意(a)及真实个例(2019年8月28日)的雷达回波(b)(图中V为平流方向,P为传播方向,C为系统未来移动方向;M代表主回波,N代表周期性触发的新单体,阿拉伯数字代表单体触发顺序,罗马数字表示象限), figureFileSmall=rNfDq9beQPu5EMUaX8dpsA==, figureFileBig=DVnx3co6NMV4sh3qOL+MWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213327925194947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Spatial distribution of frequency of back-building MCSs causing short-term heavy rainfall in Zhejiang province(a. all MCSs,b. MCSs of 30 mm≤hourly rainfall<50 mm,c. MCSs of hourly rainfall≥50 mm;shaded represent terrain height(unit:m),numbers represent frequencies,and red area represents areas with higher frequency,orange and yellow represent medium frequency areas,green and colorless represent lower frequency areas), figureFileSmall=Qyvpbrd+mNPjOXjyTek6Dg==, figureFileBig=pcoM/gsWyJsffZ9PZdlBtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213328009081030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
后向传播型MCS发生频数的空间分布(a. 所有MCS,b. 30 mm≤小时雨量<50 mm的MCS,c. 小时雨量≥50 mm的MCS;灰阶表示地形高度(单位:m),数字表示频数,红色区表示频数较高的区域、橙色和黄色次之、绿色和无色表示频数较低区域), figureFileSmall=Qyvpbrd+mNPjOXjyTek6Dg==, figureFileBig=pcoM/gsWyJsffZ9PZdlBtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213329573556429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Hourly frequency distribution of back-building MCS formation(a)and occurrence times of backward propagation(b), figureFileSmall=kHFq8frGF5W/WUsXEGfxKQ==, figureFileBig=TVjYpIDyJxTyMRjvyNyTaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213329657442512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
后向传播型MCS形成的频次(a)及后向传播发生的频次(b)逐时分布, figureFileSmall=kHFq8frGF5W/WUsXEGfxKQ==, figureFileBig=TVjYpIDyJxTyMRjvyNyTaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213329741328599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Frequency of back-building MCS with different durations of short-term heavy rainfall in Zhejiang province(a),frequency of MCS with different backward propagation duration(b),frequency of the proportion of backward propagation duration to MCS duration(c),and time difference between the start of backward propagation and the maximum hourly rainfall intensity(d), figureFileSmall=NHQxDPpVacIWGfh0KaugCA==, figureFileBig=Da60uewEGmkS8HQZYGjP2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213329837797596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
后向传播型MCS不同持续时长的频数(a),MCS后向传播不同时长的频数(b),后向传播时长占MCS持续时长比例的频数(c),以及后向传播开始与最大小时雨量的时间差频数(d), figureFileSmall=NHQxDPpVacIWGfh0KaugCA==, figureFileBig=Da60uewEGmkS8HQZYGjP2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213329930072288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Geopotential height(contour,unit:dagpm),wind field(barb)at 500 hPa(blue)and 850 hPa(red)before the occurrence of MCS for typical cases of individual types in Zhejiang province(black rectangle)(a. advection type,b. turning type,c. quasi-static type,d. propagation type of backward propagation), figureFileSmall=eZqk+JDuJysIwp3ifN++AA==, figureFileBig=Zw1MHzYQ/rJXnSg2NK6+/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330039124196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
浙江省(图中黑框区)4种类型MCS发生前500 hPa高度场(等值线,单位:dagpm)和风场(蓝风羽)的合成,以及850 hPa风场(红风羽)的合成(a. 平流型后向传播,b. 转向型后向传播,c. 准静止型后向传播,d. 传播型后向传播), figureFileSmall=eZqk+JDuJysIwp3ifN++AA==, figureFileBig=Zw1MHzYQ/rJXnSg2NK6+/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330131398888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Radar composite reflectivity(shaded,unit:dBz)and distribution of stations with short-term heavy rainfall(solid dot)at different times of a typical case of advection type of backward propagation on 10 August 2020 at(a)15:42 BT,(b)16:10 BT,(c)16:43 BT,and(d)17:00 BT(symbol × represents occurrence station,black dashed circle represents main echo M,black solid circle represents newborn monomer N;the same hereafter), figureFileSmall=+PznRUWvISo9ULF2/CUc3g==, figureFileBig=/FW3eMFdUrXXCZw4pXHa7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330215284973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
2020年8月10日平流型后向传播典型个例引导气流(风羽)、不同时刻雷达组合反射率因子(色阶,单位:dBz)及短时强降水站点分布(实心圆点)(a. 15时42分,b. 16时10分,c. 16时43分,d. 17时;×表示发生站点,黑色虚线圈代表主回波M,黑色实线圈代表新生单体N,下同), figureFileSmall=+PznRUWvISo9ULF2/CUc3g==, figureFileBig=/FW3eMFdUrXXCZw4pXHa7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330324336881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Gust front and ground observations of a typical case of advection type of backward propagation(10 August 2020):(a)radar composite reflectivity(shaded,unit:dBz)and pseudo-equivalent potential temperature at 1000 hPa(dashed contour,unit:K)at 15:00 BT,(b)surface temperature at 2 m(shaded,unit:℃)at 16:00 BT and instantaneous 10 m wind at the front edge of the cold pool(>5 m/s,arrow), figureFileSmall=1DzdjEDpI4Wnni5f10GK9w==, figureFileBig=OjunuA1kfgOV+NBFaItixw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330420805878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
平流型后向传播典型个例(2020年8月10日)的阵风锋及地面观测(a. 15时的雷达组合反射率因子(色阶,单位:dBz)及1000 hPa假相当位温(虚等值线,单位:K),b. 16时的地面2 m气温(色阶,单位:℃)及冷池前缘10 m高度瞬时风(>5 m/s,箭头)), figureFileSmall=1DzdjEDpI4Wnni5f10GK9w==, figureFileBig=OjunuA1kfgOV+NBFaItixw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330521469178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Radar composite reflectivity(shaded,unit:dBz)and distribution of stations with short-term heavy rainfall(dot)at different times of a typical case of turning type of backward propagation on 29 June 2018 at(a)12:49 BT,(b)13:12 BT,(c)13:30 BT,and(d)14:41 BT, figureFileSmall=hZ1Gvo1OqLEt/SUr4ZslJQ==, figureFileBig=2e01JTyhu/Tu8ayC21pMMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330617938176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
2018年6月29日转向型后向传播MCS的典型个例引导气流(风羽)、不同时刻的雷达组合反射率因子(色阶,单位:dBz)及短时强降水站点分布(圆点)(a. 12时49分,b. 13时12分,c. 13时30分,d. 14时41分), figureFileSmall=hZ1Gvo1OqLEt/SUr4ZslJQ==, figureFileBig=2e01JTyhu/Tu8ayC21pMMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330731184389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Radar composite reflectivity(shaded,unit:dBz)and distribution of stations with short-term heavy rainfall(dot)at different times of a typical case of quasi-static type of backward propagation on 9 June 2021 at(a)21:12 BT,(b)21:29 BT,(c)22:46 BT,and(d)23:27 BT, figureFileSmall=eF6OujLs2cCPA0S0nOZy4g==, figureFileBig=7Lj+qQdSD59Rwoz19iYSzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330831847687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
2021年6月9日准静止型后向传播MCS引导气流(风羽)、不同时刻的雷达组合反射率因子(色阶,单位:dBz)及短时强降水站点分布(圆点)(a. 21时12分,b. 21时29分,c. 22时46分,d. 23时27分), figureFileSmall=eF6OujLs2cCPA0S0nOZy4g==, figureFileBig=7Lj+qQdSD59Rwoz19iYSzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213330932510988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Winds at 850 hPa(vector)and terrain height(shaded,unit:m)for a typical case of quasi-static type of backward propagation(black circles represent new cells on the windward slope(color shaded,reflectivity>30 dBz)), figureFileSmall=A17uleN/dMDEm/zrPEMgJw==, figureFileBig=GXJ9vqNXir3tMmC2810TMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331041562899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
准静止型后向传播型典型个例发生时850 hPa风场(箭矢)及地形(灰阶,单位:m)(黑色圆圈表示迎风坡上不断触发的对流单体(色阶,组合反射率因子>30 dBz)), figureFileSmall=A17uleN/dMDEm/zrPEMgJw==, figureFileBig=GXJ9vqNXir3tMmC2810TMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331121254679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Radar composite reflectivity(shaded,unit:dBz)and distribution of stations with short-term heavy rainfall(dot)at different times of a typical case of propagation type of backward propagation on 18 August 2019 at(a)16:30 BT,(b)17:00 BT,(c)17:30 BT,and(d)18:00 BT, figureFileSmall=KXZAJ3DQWV3QovmTxeLjTA==, figureFileBig=pHlbjPdkAZfFpvFd3zljmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331226112283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
2019年8月18日传播型后向传播MCS引导气流(风羽)、不同时刻的雷达组合反射率因子(色阶,单位:dBz)及短时强降水站点分布(圆点)(a. 16时30分,b. 17时,c. 17时30分,d. 18时), figureFileSmall=KXZAJ3DQWV3QovmTxeLjTA==, figureFileBig=pHlbjPdkAZfFpvFd3zljmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331314192672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Radar composite reflectivity(a,unit:dBz),radial velocity at a 0.5°(b,unit:m/s),profile of basic reflectivity(c),and radial velocity(d)along AB from observations of Hangzhou radar on 18 August 2019 at 17:05 BT, figureFileSmall=zRT66rbDk8icIlxsKdVFaA==, figureFileBig=4RCM8BBeCtn2ZEjxFhTEpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331410661670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
2019年8月18日17时05分雷达组合反射率因子(a,单位:dBz),0.5°仰角径向速度(b,单位:m/s)的平面,以及沿AB的基本反射率因子(c)和径向速度(d)的剖面, figureFileSmall=zRT66rbDk8icIlxsKdVFaA==, figureFileBig=4RCM8BBeCtn2ZEjxFhTEpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331519713576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Conceptual models of MCS of different organizational types:(a)advection type,(b)turning type,(c)quasi-static type,and(d)propagation type(P represents the direction of propagation,V represents the direction of advection,and C represents the direction of system movement), figureFileSmall=V1p5bhTNFPLLUgFoD+U2PA==, figureFileBig=zjjAiLQxAbUqr+p63lXvpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331620376877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
不同组织类型MCS的概念模型(a. 平流型,b. 转向型,c. 准静止型,d. 传播型;P代表传播方向、V代表平流方向、C代表系统移动方向), figureFileSmall=V1p5bhTNFPLLUgFoD+U2PA==, figureFileBig=zjjAiLQxAbUqr+p63lXvpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331712651569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Box plots of thermal factors of MCS of different organizational types(a. CAPE,b. K index,c. PW,d. LI;from bottom to top,horizontal lines indicate the minimum,the 25%,50%,75% percentiles and the maximum;the same hereafter), figureFileSmall=wQwZpUCxgMHCdx3hBD3+4A==, figureFileBig=W3UqDOedh0i5r/YBG7IOyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331825897784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
不同组织类型MCS的热力因子特征箱线图(a. CAPE,b. K指数,c. 整层可降水量,d. 抬升指数;从下往上短横线分别代表最小值,25%、50%、75%分位线,最大值,下同), figureFileSmall=wQwZpUCxgMHCdx3hBD3+4A==, figureFileBig=W3UqDOedh0i5r/YBG7IOyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213331964309820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=
Box plots of dynamic factors of MCS of different organizational types:(a)vertical variation of horizontal wind speed,(b)steering wind speed,(c)0—3 km vertical wind shear,(d)0—6 km vertical wind shear, figureFileSmall=H5svId7woE05i18Vm8jeFQ==, figureFileBig=0nfbn/SrCCMF2iYMLVNhpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213332090138946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213318492205835, language=CN, label=图15, caption=
不同组织类型MCS的动力因子特征箱线图(a. 水平风速的垂直变化,b. 引导风速,c. 0—3 km风垂直切变,d. 0—6 km风垂直切变), figureFileSmall=H5svId7woE05i18Vm8jeFQ==, figureFileBig=0nfbn/SrCCMF2iYMLVNhpA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1243976052935016474, delFlag=0, nameCn=气象学报, nameEn=Acta Meteorologica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0577-6619, eissn=null, cn=11-2006/P, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=53fFsvUSJTo5ggO+N0Gkog==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Acta Meteorologica Sinica, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1774516602980, updatedTime=1774516715147, createdBy=18614031015, 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