Article(id=1244213314444706699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11676/qxxb2025.20240090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721836800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-25, revisedDate=1732809600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774573170529, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774573170529, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774573170529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774573170529, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244213313182221193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, year='2025', volume='83', issue='5', pageStart='1139', pageEnd='1384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774573170228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774573255889, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1229, endPage=1240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244213315879158672, articleId=1244213314444706699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, language=EN, title=Characteristics and causes of abnormally high temperature and drought in the central Hexi Corridor in 2023, columnId=1244213315661054860, journalTitle=Acta Meteorologica Sinica, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In 2023, the central part of the Hexi Corridor experienced an extreme high temperature and drought that would occur once every 60 years, which adversely affected local agricultural production and ecological environment, causing serious economic losses. This study uses various observational datasets to discuss the characteristics and effects of the high-temperature and drought in the central Hexi Corridor in 2023 from perspectives of meteorology, hydrology, ecology and agriculture. We further examine the responses of summer precipitation in the central Hexi Corridor to anomalous atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). The datasets used in this study include monthly precipitation and temperature data during 1951—2023 from six national basic stations in the central Hexi Corridor, the Heihe river runoff data from Yingluoxia hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Heihe river, the FY-3D/MERSI satellite data, the GF-1 satellite data, and the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data, and 88 atmospheric circulation indexes and 26 SST indexes provided by National Climate Centre. The results show that precipitation and average temperature in the central part of the Hexi Corridor from May to September 2023 both exceeded historical extremes, with precipitation reached a new historical low and temperature reached a new historical high. The combined effect of high temperature and low precipitation significantly exacerbated the intensity of drought. In the middle Qilian mountains, the average snow cover area decreased by 45.8%, the annual runoff decreased by 15%, the main reservoir area decreased by 25.8%—66.0%. The characteristics of drought spread are meteorological drought—hydrological drought—ecological and agricultural drought. We find that precipitation in the central Hexi Corridor from May to September had significant multi-scale oscillations in 5, 11, 17 and 32 a, and multiple time scales showed that 2023 was in a period of less oscillation. When the drought in the central Hexi Corridor was observed, the atmospheric circulation anomalies included a southward shifted ridge line of the western Pacific subtropical high, an eastward shifted ridge point of the western extension, a westward shifted ridge point of the South Asian high pressure, a weaker than normal Indian low, a smaller polar vortex area in the northern hemisphere and Asia, a stronger blocking high in the middle and high latitudes of Asia, and increased longitudinal coverage of the westerly circulation in Eurasia. Meanwhile, positive SST anomalies occurred in the Nino3 area and the west wind drift region, while negative SST anomalies occurred in the Kuroshio region.

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2023年河西走廊中部出现了60年一遇的极端高温干旱,给当地农业生产和生态环境带来不利影响,造成严重的经济损失。利用河西走廊中部6个国家基本气象站1951—2023年逐月降水和气温资料、黑河上游莺落峡水文站黑河径流量资料、FY-3D/MERSI资料、GF-1卫星观测资料、NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料、国家气候中心提供的88项大气环流指数和26项海温指数,对2023年河西走廊中部高温干旱从气象、水文、生态、农业等多角度探讨了高温干旱特征及影响,重点分析了降水对大气环流和关键区海温的异常响应。结果表明:2023年5—9月河西走廊中部降水和平均气温均突破历史极值,降水量创历史新低,气温创历史新高,高温叠加降水偏少,使干旱强度明显加重,引发祁连山中段积雪面积减小45.8%,黑河年径流偏枯15%,主要水库面积减小25.8%—66.0%。干旱的传递特征是气象干旱—水文干旱—生态和农业干旱。河西走廊中部5—9月降水量存在5、11、17、32 a显著多尺度振荡,多个时间尺度显示2023年均处于偏少期。河西走廊中部干旱的异常环流特征是西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏南、西伸脊点偏东、南亚高压脊点偏东、印度低压偏弱、北半球和亚洲区极涡面积偏小、亚洲中高纬度阻塞高压偏强、欧亚地区西风环流经向度加大、Nino3区和西风漂流区海温偏高、黑潮区海温偏低。

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张强,主要从事气象干旱、陆-气相互作用和区域气候变化研究。E-mail:
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刘洪兰,主要从事天气气候预报预测技术与气候变化研究。E-mail:

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刘洪兰,主要从事天气气候预报预测技术与气候变化研究。E-mail:

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Int J Climatol, 34(3):545-558, articleTitle=Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index:1951—2010?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244213341376332505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=131, issue=1-2, pageStart=719, pageEnd=732, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=82, authorNames=Zhang Q, Han L Y, Lin J J, journalName=Theor Appl Climatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Q, Han L Y, Lin J J, et al. 2018. North-South differences in Chinese agricultural losses due to climate-change-influenced droughts. 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2023(the shaded area is from May to September), figureFileSmall=lZYTjmKfHKW2sDeNJA8syg==, figureFileBig=RMxgI5d5hBkk8L+jPCfTeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325412811006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图2, caption=河西走廊中部降水量变化(a)与2023年各月(阴影部分为5—9月)降水距平(b), figureFileSmall=lZYTjmKfHKW2sDeNJA8syg==, figureFileBig=RMxgI5d5hBkk8L+jPCfTeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325509280003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=(a)Change in temperature from May to September in the central Hexi Corridor and(b)monthly temperature anomalies in 2023(the shaded area is from May to September), figureFileSmall=OwBJ2ySztppIy8T8ad3dFA==, figureFileBig=7BGfJVS/44uBqGYTsrNEfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325593166090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图3, caption=河西走廊中部气温变化(a)与2023年各月(阴影部分为5—9月)气温距平(b), figureFileSmall=OwBJ2ySztppIy8T8ad3dFA==, figureFileBig=7BGfJVS/44uBqGYTsrNEfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325698023693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution of surface high temperature in the centra Hexi Corridor on 8 August 2023, figureFileSmall=cld1nC5nwZpfNCeXlXDBuA==, figureFileBig=Crow3nPtqOwhtCOHI0vPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325786104083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2023年8月8日河西走廊中部陆表高温分布, figureFileSmall=cld1nC5nwZpfNCeXlXDBuA==, figureFileBig=Crow3nPtqOwhtCOHI0vPUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325878378778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Drought monitoring by remote sensing on 29 August 2023, figureFileSmall=fxhAdT3B4J0W16trt555bA==, figureFileBig=zDPYg/s1yInupVgWIWAXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325958070562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2023年8月29日干旱遥感监测, figureFileSmall=fxhAdT3B4J0W16trt555bA==, figureFileBig=zDPYg/s1yInupVgWIWAXfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326037762343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Historical changes in drought indexes of SPI and SPEI in central Hexi Corridor, figureFileSmall=2IdD9aHask86xJoZ8yCy/g==, figureFileBig=6muC+8qa+H4n5t5NDF4d8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326134231345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图6, caption=河西走廊中部5—9月干旱指数SPI和SPEI历史变化, 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figureFileBig=M6S/JKgP/rGCUZbaSf29OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326469775698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图8, caption=2023年夏季河西走廊中部归一化植被指数, figureFileSmall=1nCPoRLxcEcnwozzPXsGsw==, figureFileBig=M6S/JKgP/rGCUZbaSf29OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326553661783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Difference in vegetation in the central Hexi Corridor in August 2023 and 2022, figureFileSmall=kssUMmM5mcORRzDG8GkZcw==, figureFileBig=93FyiV4zdcqfZlRkWZxy1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326721433954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图9, caption=2023年8月和2022年8月河西走廊中部植被差值, figureFileSmall=kssUMmM5mcORRzDG8GkZcw==, figureFileBig=93FyiV4zdcqfZlRkWZxy1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326826291562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Wavelet transform(a)and wavelet variance(b)of precipitation anomaly from May to September in the central Hexi Corridor, figureFileSmall=FpKrhMgczuNrq1hfzcaoYQ==, figureFileBig=3VcJjyaL9eFefT9KOsXo4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326918566256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=图10, caption=河西走廊中部5—9月降水量小波变换(a)和小波方差(b), figureFileSmall=FpKrhMgczuNrq1hfzcaoYQ==, figureFileBig=3VcJjyaL9eFefT9KOsXo4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326998258036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Establishment years of six meteorological stations in the central Hexi Corridor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站名高台临泽张掖/甘州山丹民乐肃南
建站年份195319571951195319581957
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327103115645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

河西走廊中部6个气象站各站建站年份

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站名高台临泽张掖/甘州山丹民乐肃南
建站年份195319571951195319581957
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327191196031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

SPI and SPEI drought grades

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级类型SPISPEI
1无旱−0.5<SPI−0.5<SPEI
2轻旱−1.0<SPI≤−0.5−1.0<SPEI≤−0.5
3中旱−1.5<SPI≤−1.0−1.5<SPEI≤−1.0
4重旱−2.0<SPI≤−1.5−2.0<SPEI≤−1.5
5特旱SPI≤−2.0SPEI≤−2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327275082117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SPI和SPEI干旱等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级类型SPISPEI
1无旱−0.5<SPI−0.5<SPEI
2轻旱−1.0<SPI≤−0.5−1.0<SPEI≤−0.5
3中旱−1.5<SPI≤−1.0−1.5<SPEI≤−1.0
4重旱−2.0<SPI≤−1.5−2.0<SPEI≤−1.5
5特旱SPI≤−2.0SPEI≤−2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327405105550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

SPI and SPEI drought indexes in the central Hexi Corridor from May to September 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目5月6月7月8月9月5—9月
SPI−0.39−0.99−0.01−1.32−0.52−1.92
干旱类别无旱轻旱无旱中旱轻旱重旱
SPEI−0.76−1.78−0.82−1.86−1.69−2.53
干旱类别轻旱重旱轻旱重旱重旱特旱
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327514157455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2023年5—9月河西走廊中部SPI和SPEI干旱指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目5月6月7月8月9月5—9月
SPI−0.39−0.99−0.01−1.32−0.52−1.92
干旱类别无旱轻旱无旱中旱轻旱重旱
SPEI−0.76−1.78−0.82−1.86−1.69−2.53
干旱类别轻旱重旱轻旱重旱重旱特旱
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327686123926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of snow cover area in the middle Qilian mountains in summer 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份积雪面积
(km2
历年同期平均
面积(km2
与历年同期
比较
与2022年
同期比较
6月970.01761.6−44.9%−3.6%
7月595.0967.6−38.5%−71.4%
8月513.01088.6−52.9%−25.5%
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327765815710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2023年夏季祁连山中段积雪面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份积雪面积
(km2
历年同期平均
面积(km2
与历年同期
比较
与2022年
同期比较
6月970.01761.6−44.9%−3.6%
7月595.0967.6−38.5%−71.4%
8月513.01088.6−52.9%−25.5%
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327879061923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Areas of main reservoirs in the central Hexi Corridor in the summer of 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份水库2023年当月
水库面积
(km2
与2022年
同期比较
历年同期
平均面积
(km2
与历年同期
比较
6月鹦鸽嘴0.442−38.1%1.136−61.1%
瓦房城0.7736.4%0.7207.4%
双树寺0.410−23.7%0.699−41.3%
李桥0.46915.2%1.114−57.9%
皇城2.974−14.5%3.178−6.4%
7月鹦鸽嘴0.575−41.3%0.905−36.5%
瓦房城0.650−11.6%0.823−21.0%
双树寺0.666−37.5%0.957−30.4%
李桥0.533−52.1%1.169−54.4%
皇城1.844−51.8%3.230−42.9%
8月鹦鸽嘴0.140−86.0%0.820−82.9%
瓦房城0.290−39.5%0.767−62.2%
双树寺0.281−45.6%0.833−66.3%
李桥0.269−73.1%1.454−81.5%
皇城0.726−77.4%3.435−78.9%
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327967142311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2023年夏季河西走廊中部主要水库面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份水库2023年当月
水库面积
(km2
与2022年
同期比较
历年同期
平均面积
(km2
与历年同期
比较
6月鹦鸽嘴0.442−38.1%1.136−61.1%
瓦房城0.7736.4%0.7207.4%
双树寺0.410−23.7%0.699−41.3%
李桥0.46915.2%1.114−57.9%
皇城2.974−14.5%3.178−6.4%
7月鹦鸽嘴0.575−41.3%0.905−36.5%
瓦房城0.650−11.6%0.823−21.0%
双树寺0.666−37.5%0.957−30.4%
李桥0.533−52.1%1.169−54.4%
皇城1.844−51.8%3.230−42.9%
8月鹦鸽嘴0.140−86.0%0.820−82.9%
瓦房城0.290−39.5%0.767−62.2%
双树寺0.281−45.6%0.833−66.3%
李桥0.269−73.1%1.454−81.5%
皇城0.726−77.4%3.435−78.9%
), ArticleFig(id=1244213329510646187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Characteristics of atmospheric circulations in summer drought and flood years and 2023 in central Hexi Corridor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环流特征量多雨年干旱年2023年
西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置25.4°N22.0°N22.3°N
西太平洋副热带高压西伸脊点位置115°E120°E122°E
南压高压东伸脊点位置102°E112°E113°E
北半球极涡面积指数距平17−11−13
亚洲区极涡面积指数距平2−9−10
欧亚经向环流指数0.06−0.19−0.21
亚洲经向环流指数0.04−0.27−0.61
印度低压强度指数−0.80.60.9
), ArticleFig(id=1244213329615503790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

河西走廊中部夏季旱涝年和2023年的大气环流特征量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环流特征量多雨年干旱年2023年
西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置25.4°N22.0°N22.3°N
西太平洋副热带高压西伸脊点位置115°E120°E122°E
南压高压东伸脊点位置102°E112°E113°E
北半球极涡面积指数距平17−11−13
亚洲区极涡面积指数距平2−9−10
欧亚经向环流指数0.06−0.19−0.21
亚洲经向环流指数0.04−0.27−0.61
印度低压强度指数−0.80.60.9
), ArticleFig(id=1244213329728750005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

SST anomalies in key areas for summer drought and flood years and 2023 in central Hexi Corridor(unit:℃)

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关键区多雨年干旱年2023年
Nino3区−0.1040.2331.717
西风漂流区−0.6090.7951.809
黑潮区0.290−0.457−0.541
), ArticleFig(id=1244213329825218998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314444706699, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

河西走廊中部夏季旱涝年和2023年的关键区海温距平(单位:℃)

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关键区多雨年干旱年2023年
Nino3区−0.1040.2331.717
西风漂流区−0.6090.7951.809
黑潮区0.290−0.457−0.541
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2023年河西走廊中部异常高温干旱特征及其成因
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刘洪兰 1, 2 , 张强 2 , 张庭嘉 3 , 褚超 1 , 张俊国 4 , 牛丽娟 1 , 李亚丽 1
气象学报 | 论文 2025,83(5): 1229-1240
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气象学报 | 论文 2025, 83(5): 1229-1240
2023年河西走廊中部异常高温干旱特征及其成因
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刘洪兰1, 2 , 张强2 , 张庭嘉3, 褚超1, 张俊国4, 牛丽娟1, 李亚丽1
作者信息
  • 1.张掖市气象局,张掖,734000
  • 2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州,730020
  • 3.上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海,200245
  • 4.张掖中学,张掖,734000
  • 刘洪兰,主要从事天气气候预报预测技术与气候变化研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张强,主要从事气象干旱、陆-气相互作用和区域气候变化研究。E-mail:
Characteristics and causes of abnormally high temperature and drought in the central Hexi Corridor in 2023
Honglan LIU1, 2 , Qiang ZHANG2 , Tingjia ZHANG3, Chao CHU1, Junguo ZHANG4, Lijuan NIU1, Yali LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Zhangye Meteorological Bureau,Zhangye 734000,China
  • 2.Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration/Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • 3.Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co. Ltd.,Shanghai 200245,China
  • 4.Zhangye Middle School,Zhangye 734000,China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.11676/qxxb2025.20240090
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2023年河西走廊中部出现了60年一遇的极端高温干旱,给当地农业生产和生态环境带来不利影响,造成严重的经济损失。利用河西走廊中部6个国家基本气象站1951—2023年逐月降水和气温资料、黑河上游莺落峡水文站黑河径流量资料、FY-3D/MERSI资料、GF-1卫星观测资料、NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料、国家气候中心提供的88项大气环流指数和26项海温指数,对2023年河西走廊中部高温干旱从气象、水文、生态、农业等多角度探讨了高温干旱特征及影响,重点分析了降水对大气环流和关键区海温的异常响应。结果表明:2023年5—9月河西走廊中部降水和平均气温均突破历史极值,降水量创历史新低,气温创历史新高,高温叠加降水偏少,使干旱强度明显加重,引发祁连山中段积雪面积减小45.8%,黑河年径流偏枯15%,主要水库面积减小25.8%—66.0%。干旱的传递特征是气象干旱—水文干旱—生态和农业干旱。河西走廊中部5—9月降水量存在5、11、17、32 a显著多尺度振荡,多个时间尺度显示2023年均处于偏少期。河西走廊中部干旱的异常环流特征是西太平洋副热带高压脊线偏南、西伸脊点偏东、南亚高压脊点偏东、印度低压偏弱、北半球和亚洲区极涡面积偏小、亚洲中高纬度阻塞高压偏强、欧亚地区西风环流经向度加大、Nino3区和西风漂流区海温偏高、黑潮区海温偏低。

高温  /  降水  /  干旱灾害  /  成因  /  河西走廊

In 2023, the central part of the Hexi Corridor experienced an extreme high temperature and drought that would occur once every 60 years, which adversely affected local agricultural production and ecological environment, causing serious economic losses. This study uses various observational datasets to discuss the characteristics and effects of the high-temperature and drought in the central Hexi Corridor in 2023 from perspectives of meteorology, hydrology, ecology and agriculture. We further examine the responses of summer precipitation in the central Hexi Corridor to anomalous atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). The datasets used in this study include monthly precipitation and temperature data during 1951—2023 from six national basic stations in the central Hexi Corridor, the Heihe river runoff data from Yingluoxia hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Heihe river, the FY-3D/MERSI satellite data, the GF-1 satellite data, and the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data, and 88 atmospheric circulation indexes and 26 SST indexes provided by National Climate Centre. The results show that precipitation and average temperature in the central part of the Hexi Corridor from May to September 2023 both exceeded historical extremes, with precipitation reached a new historical low and temperature reached a new historical high. The combined effect of high temperature and low precipitation significantly exacerbated the intensity of drought. In the middle Qilian mountains, the average snow cover area decreased by 45.8%, the annual runoff decreased by 15%, the main reservoir area decreased by 25.8%—66.0%. The characteristics of drought spread are meteorological drought—hydrological drought—ecological and agricultural drought. We find that precipitation in the central Hexi Corridor from May to September had significant multi-scale oscillations in 5, 11, 17 and 32 a, and multiple time scales showed that 2023 was in a period of less oscillation. When the drought in the central Hexi Corridor was observed, the atmospheric circulation anomalies included a southward shifted ridge line of the western Pacific subtropical high, an eastward shifted ridge point of the western extension, a westward shifted ridge point of the South Asian high pressure, a weaker than normal Indian low, a smaller polar vortex area in the northern hemisphere and Asia, a stronger blocking high in the middle and high latitudes of Asia, and increased longitudinal coverage of the westerly circulation in Eurasia. Meanwhile, positive SST anomalies occurred in the Nino3 area and the west wind drift region, while negative SST anomalies occurred in the Kuroshio region.

Heat waves  /  Precipitation  /  Drought disaster  /  Causes  /  Hexi Corridor
刘洪兰, 张强, 张庭嘉, 褚超, 张俊国, 牛丽娟, 李亚丽. 2023年河西走廊中部异常高温干旱特征及其成因. 气象学报, 2025 , 83 (5) : 1229 -1240 . DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2025.20240090
Honglan LIU, Qiang ZHANG, Tingjia ZHANG, Chao CHU, Junguo ZHANG, Lijuan NIU, Yali LI. Characteristics and causes of abnormally high temperature and drought in the central Hexi Corridor in 2023[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2025 , 83 (5) : 1229 -1240 . DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2025.20240090
河西走廊中部位于中国西北内陆、甘肃省西北部(图1),处在青藏高原与内蒙古高原的过渡地带,南枕祁连山,北依合黎山、龙首山,介于37°28′—39°57′N,97°20—102°12′E,中国第二大内陆河—黑河贯穿全境,形成了特有的荒漠绿洲景观,海拔1200—5565 m,气候属冷温带干旱区和祁连山高寒带半干旱半湿润区,年平均气温4.5—8.7℃,年降水量为115.7—365.1 mm,年潜在蒸发量为1707.0—2358.3 mm(国家气候中心提供的30 a气候平均值),气温由东南向西北递增,降水则由东南向西北递减,生产、生活用水基本依靠黑河来水供给(李栋梁等,2004刘洪兰等,20082014b),是典型的气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱区(丁永健等,2017)。20世纪末西北地区出现由暖干向暖湿转型的信号(施雅风等,20022003),西北干旱、半干旱区整体出现暖湿化(丁一汇等,2023张强等,2023),不仅表现为干旱事件增多、干旱加剧、干旱强度加重的特征,也表现为极端天气和气候事件增多、降水局地性加强等(李崇银等,2019王芝兰等,2020严中伟等,2020IPCC,2021),同时气候变化也进一步加剧了干旱问题的复杂性(翟盘茂等,2021),给粮食生产带来了不利影响,因干旱造成的直接经济损失每年高达440亿元(Su,et al,2018),严重威胁着粮食安全和生态安全(Wheeler,et al,2013Yu,et al,2014Myers,et al,2017刘立涛等,2018Zhang,et al,2018Miralles,et al,2019),中外学者对干旱做了大量的研究工作(Tannehill,1947Wilhite,et al,1985Wilhite,2000钱正安等,2001符淙斌等,2002丁一汇等,20032016黄建平等,2013Dai,2013张强等,2015b2017a2017b2020)。
河西走廊中部农业用水主要集中在5—9月,此时正是春小麦和玉米等农作物生长发育关键需水期,该地区虽是灌溉农业,但由于水资源匮乏,难以保障部分农田的适时灌溉,需要由自然降水来补充,若此时降水少,出现干旱,不仅对农作物生长发育和产量有影响,也对绿洲生态和经济发展产生极其不利的影响(张强等,20122015a)。
2023年,极端天气、气候事件频发,各地高温热浪频频打破历史纪录(孙林海等,2023),极端强降水天气超百年一遇,特大洪水事件侵袭海河流域(国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,2024),寒潮冰冻灾害影响无数人返乡之路。2023年5—9月河西走廊出现了60年一遇的异常高温干旱,尤其是河西走廊中部的干旱强度最为严重,给当地农业生产和生态环境带来不利影响,造成严重的经济损失。这次干旱影响的传递特征是气象干旱—水文干旱—生态和农业干旱。因此,分析极端异常干旱事件的特征及影响机理,对提升干旱监测和防旱减灾能力、充分发挥气象防灾减灾第一道防线的作用以及加快生态文明建设和社会经济发展都具有非常重要的意义。本研究对2023年5—9月河西走廊中部极端高温干旱特征及成因进行分析,以期为进一步认识河西走廊中部极端异常高温干旱事件的特征和提高干旱预报、预测能力提供参考。
选用甘肃省气象局信息中心提供的1951—2023年河西走廊中部张掖、高台、临泽、山丹、民乐、肃南6个国家基本气象站逐月降水和气温资料(建站年份见表1);张掖水文站“黑河水情信息”提供的黑河上游出山口莺落峡水文站1967—2023年黑河径流量资料;FY-3D/MERSI 1 km×1 km晴空遥感资料(数据来源于http://data.nsmc.org.cn/)用于计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),GF-1卫星16 m×16 m晴空遥感资料(数据来源于https://data.cresda.cn/)用于计算水库水体面积;美国国家环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NECP/NCAR)发布的水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的全球月平均再分析资料(数据源于https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html);国家气候中心气候监测室提供的逐月2.5°×2.5°的88项大气环流指数和逐月2.0°×2.0°的26项海温指数数据。
用气象统计分析、标准化降水指数(SPI)、标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)、温度植被干旱指数、小波变换、小波方差和相关分析等方法(魏凤英,2007Belayneh,et al,2014Chen,et al,2015沙莎等,2024)分析了2023年5—9月河西走廊中部高温干旱的气候特征、水文干旱特征、生态和农业干旱影响以及5—9月降水量多时间尺度周期变化,进而分析降水对大气环流和关键区海温异常的响应。
2023年5—9月河西走廊中部出现了春、夏、秋三季连旱,5—9月降水量与历年同期相比少43%,突破历史极值、创历史新低,为有气象记录以来降水量最少年(图2a),所辖6县(区)降水量与历年同期相比少29%—55%,无降水(日降水量<0.1mm)天数累计达114—133 d,无降水天数占比75%—87%,5—9月各月降水连续偏少(图2b)。但从年降水总量来看,2023年降水总量与历年同期相比偏少28%,并非历史最低值,年降水总量最少年是1985年,1985年降水总量与历年同期相比少37%,比2023年少14%(图2a)。
2023年5—9月河西走廊中部气温异常偏高,与历年同期相比高1.9℃,突破历史最高值(图3a),所辖6县(区)气温与历年同期相比高1.4—2.1℃,均突破建站以来历史最高值;按月际分布来看,6、8、9月各月平均气温均创历史新高,与历年同期相比分别高2.2、2.1、2.8℃,6、8、9月6县(区)气温与历年同期相比分别高1.6—2.5、1.8—2.4、2.2—3.3℃,9月除高台县外其余各县(区)均突破历史极值。2023年的年平均气温与历年同期相比高1.3℃,创历史新高,与5—9月平均气温呈现同步变化(图3a)。
2023年6月以来,河西走廊中部大部分地区高温天气持续,尤其是7—8月,甘州、高台、临泽和山丹≥30℃高温日数为35—50 d,其中7月9日和8月8日分别有3个站日最高气温超过37.0℃,从8月8日气象卫星陆表高温分布来看,肃南明花和皇城中部、高台北部、临泽北部、甘州中部、民乐北部和山丹大部分地区陆表最高温度超过55.0℃(图4)。
持续高温少雨是造成干旱的主要原因,据2023年8月29日FY-3D/MERSI卫星晴空遥感资料分析:肃南西部、高台北部、临泽北部、甘州北部及山丹北部有中度干旱,肃南中东部、山丹大部分地区、民乐大部分地区及山丹马场北部和南部有轻旱(图5)。
为科学表述干旱强度,计算了河西走廊中部1967—2023年5—9月标准化降水指数(SPI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),从SPI值和SPEI值历史演变来看(图6),2023年SPI值和SPEI值均创历史新低。其中2023年5—9月SPI值为−1.92,根据干旱等级划分标准(GB/T 20481—2017;表2),属于重旱;SPEI值为−2.53,属于特旱。从表3可以看出,2023年5—9月各月由于高温叠加降水偏少,加剧了蒸散作用,SPEI值比SPI值更低,也就是说高温使干旱等级明显加重。
这表明,2023年5—9月河西走廊中部由于连续少雨,叠加气温持续异常偏高,进一步加剧干旱强度,从SPI值和SPEI值历史演变来看,2023年5—9月河西走廊中部的干旱强度是历史上最严重的。
因2023年5月以来持续干旱少雨,祁连山积雪面积明显减小,据FY-3D/MERSI卫星晴空遥感资料分析,2023年夏季祁连山中段平均积雪面积为692.7 km2,较历年平均减小45.8%,较2022年同期减少44.9%。其中6、7、8月祁连山中段积雪面积较历年平均分别减小44.9%、38.5%、52.9%,较2022年同期分别减小3.6%、71.4%、25.5%(表4)。
由于2023年祁连山积雪面积较历年同期减小,黑河径流明显减少,黑河自2005年以来已连续出现18个丰水年,但2023年黑河来水量偏少,年径流量与多年平均值相比偏少15%(图7),比近18个丰水年中年径流量最多的2017年偏少43%;6—8月黑河径流量占全年径流量的55%,2023年夏季黑河径流量与多年平均值相比偏少25%,其中6、7、8月径流量与多年平均值相比分别偏少21%、17%、37%。
河西走廊中部主要水库蓄水依靠发源于祁连山的河流来水,2023年受祁连山积雪面积减小的影响,发源于祁连山的大小河流径流明显减少,据GF-1卫星晴空遥感资料分析,2023年夏季河西走廊中部临泽县鹦鸽嘴、民乐县瓦房城和双树寺、山丹县李桥以及肃南县皇城水库平均面积分别为0.386、0.571、0.452、0.424、1.848 km2,各水库面积与历年同期相比小25.8%—66.0%,与2022年同期相比小11.8%—57.0%。其中8月各水库面积减小尤为明显,与历年同期相比小62.2%—82.9%,与2022年同期相比小39.5%—86.0%(表5)。
2023年受高温干旱影响,气象条件对植被生长不利,在河西走廊中部植被生长最茂盛的夏季,2023年植被长势整体不如前一年同期。
据FY-3D/MERSI卫星晴空遥感资料分析,2023年夏季河西走廊中部植被覆盖区域主要为川区黑河沿线、民乐大部分地区、山丹中部、山丹马场大部分地区以及肃南中部和东部区域。6月下旬川区黑河沿线、民乐大部分地区、山丹中部、山丹马场中部、肃南县中部和东部植被指数超过0.3,其余地方在0.3以下,随着夏季热量条件变好,植被生长迅速,7月下旬山丹马场中部和肃南东部植被指数超过0.7,但降水持续偏少,8月以来显现出严重干旱,对植被正常生长产生不利影响,8月河西走廊中部植被长势明显差于6和7月,与2022年同期相比,川区黑河沿线、肃南西部和中部、民乐中部部分地区以及山丹马场南部植被接近于2022年同期,其余地区植被长势均不如2022年同期(注:植被指数为归一化植被指数,取值范围为−1—1,正值表示有植被覆盖,且随覆盖度增大而增大)(图89)。
2023年由于气象干旱引发水文干旱,进而引发农业干旱,造成河西走廊中部山丹、民乐、肃南3县受灾严重,农作物受灾15444.88 hm2,造成直接经济损失21862.22万元,其中山丹农作物受灾10453.7 hm2,直接经济损失约12888.71万元;民乐农作物受灾3859.66 hm2,直接经济损失约1464.11万元;肃南农作物受灾1131.52 hm2,直接经济损失约7509.4万元。
以上分析表明,2023年干旱的传递特征是气象干旱—水文干旱—生态和农业干旱。
对河西走廊中部1967—2023年5—9月降水量做了小波分析,由图10a可以看出,5—9月降水量存在多时间尺度周期变化。年际尺度5 a的周期存在于1982—1994和2011—2023年,降水量变化表现为5个偏多期和4个偏少期,1982—1984、1986—1989、1992—1994、2011—2014、2016—2019年是偏多期,1984—1986、1989—1992、2014—2016、2019—2023年是偏少期;11 a年代际尺度存在于1998—2023年,经历了偏少—偏多4个循环,1998—2002和2008—2012年降水偏少,2002—2008和2012—2018年降水偏多,2018年之后进入偏少期;年代际尺度17和32 a的周期振荡非常明显,17 a时间尺度降水经历了偏多—偏少6个循环,1973—1982、1990—1999、2009—2018年降水偏多,1982—1990、1999—2009、2018—2023年降水偏少;32 a时间尺度经历了偏多—偏少—偏多的变化过程,1975—1991和2006—2020年降水量偏多,1991—2006年降水量偏少。5 a以下的尺度降水量波动较大,周期变化不明显,因此不再做进一步分析。
图10b可以看出,河西走廊中部5—9月降水量的小波方差存在5个比较明显的波峰,分别是准3、5、11、17—19、30—32 a的周期,说明降水序列也存在着对应的周期。5个时间尺度中,年际尺度3 a的周期变化不明显,而5、11、17—19、30—32 a的峰值显著(通过a=0.001水平的显著性检验),这一结论与图10a中所表现出的特征一致。
5、11、17 a时间尺度上均显示2023年处于偏少期,这表明,2023年异常干旱是由多个时间尺度叠加作用形成的。
大气环流异常会导致降水在时空分布上发生变异,部分区域降水减少,形成区域性干旱(Ding,et al,20142015Liu,et al,2018)。王鹏祥等(2020)研究了中国西北地区东部汛期降水异常的成因,刘洪兰等(20042014a)研究了河西走廊春季(3—5月)降水和春末夏初(5—6月)降水的影响系统。这里重点分析影响河西走廊中部夏季降水的大气环流。
河西走廊中部各县(区)降水主要集中在夏季(6—8月),占全年降水总量的55%—61%,占5—9月降水总量的66%—71%。因此,分析夏季降水的大气环流特征,揭示夏季旱涝的影响系统显得十分必要。
为揭示2023年河西走廊中部干旱的影响机理,分析了河西走廊中部夏季旱涝的大气环流异常性。
计算河西走廊中部夏季旱、涝年北半球500 hPa高度场距平,干旱年在欧洲西海岸中高纬度为正距平,多雨年则为负距平,最大距平差95 gpm,该区域高度场与河西走廊中部夏季降水呈负相关,最大相关系数−0.47(通过a=0.001水平显著性检验)。因此,河西走廊中部干旱年欧洲西海岸是长波脊,而多雨年欧洲西海岸则是长波槽,且槽较深。河西走廊中部干旱年在西西伯利亚为大范围负距平,而多雨年则为正距平,最大距平差中心在西西伯利亚鄂毕河中游附近,为−41 gpm;干旱年在东西伯利亚—鄂霍次克海为正距平,而多雨年则为负距平,最大距平差中心在鄂霍次克海,达85 gpm。这表明,在亚洲中高纬度西风带,河西走廊干旱少雨年的环流是一槽一脊,鄂霍次克海高压是影响河西走廊中部夏季干旱的主要大气环流;而多雨年则是一脊一槽,在乌拉尔山东部的长波脊明显偏强,东亚中高纬地区则盛行纬向环流。
河西走廊中部干旱年在亚洲中低纬度地区是负距平,而多雨年则是正距平;干旱年在低纬度西太平洋是正距平,多雨年则是负距平。这表明,河西走廊中部干旱年西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)位置偏南、强度偏弱、西伸脊点位置偏东,副高中心位于低纬度洋面上;而多雨年副高位置偏北、强度偏强、西伸脊点位置偏西。河西走廊中部干旱年在印度半岛是弱的正距平,多雨年则是弱的负距平。这表明,干旱年印度低压较弱,而多雨年印度低压较强。夏季副高偏强,588 dagpm北上到30°N以北,脊线位置到达25°N以北,西伸脊点位置到达120°E以西,同时,印度低压偏强且北抬,印度低压南侧西南气流和副高南侧东南气流把海洋上充沛水汽输送到河西走廊中部。当亚洲中纬度西风气流加强时,从西北移来的冷空气与暖湿气流相遇,造成河西走廊中部夏季降水偏多。在亚洲中高纬度贝加尔湖或是在鄂霍次克海附近出现阻塞高压时,会导致西风气流分支,大气环流经向度加大,副热带锋区南压,500 hPa高度场上东亚范围从高纬度到低纬度距平是“+−+”环流,河西走廊中部夏季干旱少雨。
为了研究河西走廊中部夏季旱涝与大气环流的同期相关,对9个典型旱涝年统计了大气环流特征量,见表6
据统计,极涡面积与河西走廊中部夏季降水关系也非常密切,若北半球和亚洲区极涡面积小、面积指数是负距平时,河西走廊中部夏季干旱少雨;反之,若北半球和亚洲区极涡面积大、面积指数是正距平时,河西走廊中部夏季降水偏多。
南亚高压的位置对中国夏季降水也有重要影响,在此分析南亚高压的位置对河西走廊中部夏季降水的影响。据统计,在河西走廊中部干旱年,南亚高压脊线东伸位置偏东,脊点位置在112°E附近;而多雨年则东伸脊点位置明显偏西,位于102°E附近。
可以看出,2023年夏季副高位置偏南、脊线位置也偏南、西伸脊点位置偏东、印度半岛为高压控制、南亚高压东伸脊点位置偏东、北半球和亚洲区极涡面积偏小、欧亚中高纬地区西风环流经向度较大,造成了2023年夏季河西走廊中部干旱少雨。
海陆分布在气候形成中的作用很大,海-气相互作用对气候变化的影响也较大,海表温度异常对各地降水分布有重要影响(Ting,et al,1997黄荣辉等,2003Mo,et al,2009Findell,et al,2010),因此分析了海温对河西走廊中部夏季旱涝的影响。在北太平洋南北方向上,海温距平变化存在一个像跷跷板的振荡结构,赤道东太平洋和北太平洋海温存在明显的反相变化。北太平洋上的主要洋流是黑潮,它是赤道北部海流到台湾岛东海岸北上的一支暖流,在众多洋流中,黑潮是给大气提供能量最多的一支洋流。根据北太平洋海温的空间分布特征,统计了黑潮区(35°N,140°—150°E及25°—30°N,125°—150°E)、西风漂流区(35°—45°N,160°E—160°W)和Nino3区(5°S—5°N,150°—90°W)海温距平与河西走廊中部夏季降水的同期相关(通过a=0.001水平的显著性检验),Nino3区和西风漂流区海温是正距平、黑潮区海温是负距平时,河西走廊中部夏季干旱;当Nino3区和西风漂流区海温是负距平、黑潮区海温是正距平时,河西走廊中部夏季降水偏多(表7)。也就是说当Nino3区和西风漂流区海温偏高、黑潮区海温偏低时,河西走廊中部夏季干旱;而Nino3区和西风漂流区海温偏低、黑潮区海温偏高时,河西走廊中部夏季降水偏多。关键区海温异常也是造成2023年河西走廊中部干旱少雨的原因。
2023年5—9月河西走廊中部出现了极端异常高温干旱,对高温干旱特征和影响机理做了几个方面的研究,得到如下初步结论:
(1)2023年5—9月河西走廊中部平均气温异常偏高,为历史同期最高;按月际分布来看,6、8、9月各月平均气温均创历史新高。
(2)2023年5—9月河西走廊中部降水量为历史最少;持续高温少雨导致6月起河西走廊中部出现气象干旱并持续发展,由于高温叠加少雨,加剧了蒸散作用,导致干旱强度明显加重,2023年5—9月SPI值和SPEI值均为历史同期最低,这表明2023年5—9月河西走廊中部的干旱强度是历史上最严重的年份。
(3)受气象干旱影响,2023年祁连山中段平均积雪面积明显减小,引发黑河径流量明显减少,河流来水锐减导致辖区内主要水库面积明显减小,气象干旱引发水文干旱,由此引发生态和农业干旱,气象条件对植被生长非常不利,2023年植被长势整体不如2022年同期,辖区内山丹、民乐、肃南3县绝大多数乡镇受到影响,造成严重经济损失。
(4)通过对河西走廊中部1967—2023年5—9月降水量小波分析发现,5—9月降水量存在5、11、17、32 a的显著周期,而多个时间尺度上显示2023年均处于降水量偏少期。
(5)造成2023年河西走廊中部干旱的异常环流是副高脊线位置偏南、西伸脊点位置偏东、南海高压脊点位置偏东、印度低压系统偏弱、北半球和亚洲区极涡面积偏小、亚洲中高纬度阻塞高压偏强、欧亚地区西风环流经向度加大、Nino3区和西风漂流区海温偏高、黑潮区海温偏低。
此外,对于地处西北干旱区的河西走廊中部的干旱成因还有许多方面需更进一步研究,例如,大气环流的动力作用和影响,水汽与能量的输送和演变,陆-气相互耦合作用影响,以及降水量在更多时间尺度的叠加分布演变等,有待更深入的研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230611)
  • 宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2023AAC02088)
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRA742)
  • 甘肃省气象局科研项目(Ms2024-D-8)
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2025年第83卷第5期
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doi: 10.11676/qxxb2025.20240090
  • 接收时间:2024-07-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25
  • 修回日期:2024-11-29
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230611)
宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2023AAC02088)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRA742)
甘肃省气象局科研项目(Ms2024-D-8)
作者信息
    1.张掖市气象局,张掖,734000
    2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州,730020
    3.上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司,上海,200245
    4.张掖中学,张掖,734000

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张强,主要从事气象干旱、陆-气相互作用和区域气候变化研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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