Article(id=1244213314121741022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11676/qxxb2025.20240168, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=1, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727280000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-26, revisedDate=1738684800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774573170452, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774573170452, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774573170452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777360128685, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244213313182221193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, year='2025', volume='83', issue='5', pageStart='1139', pageEnd='1384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774573170228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774573255889, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244213672566960780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, issueId=1244213313182221193, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1241, endPage=1257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244213315828822752, articleId=1244213314121741022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, language=EN, title=Key mechanisms influencing forecast errors of the inshore track of super typhoon Lekima(1909), columnId=1244213315661054860, journalTitle=Acta Meteorologica Sinica, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Significant progress has been made in numerical forecasting of typhoon tracks and intensity, yet meeting the needs of operational forecasting remains challenging. Based on the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, eight sets of combination experiments are conducted with different model initial conditions, initialization times, and microphysical parameterization schemes. The results indicate that the model initial condition exhibits the highest sensitivity in forecasting the track of typhoon Lekima (1909). Representative experiments are selected based on track errors, and sensitivity experiments are conducted to further explore the mechanisms responsible for significant differences in typhoon track forecasts arising from different model initial conditions. The results indicate that accurate forecasting of the strength and extent of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) plays a crucial role in determining the quality of typhoon track predictions. An overestimation of the WPSH in the initial field leads to a subsequent overestimation of WPSH, which blocks the typhoon that moves westward and northward along the WPSH and its moving speed is slowed. This results in significant errors in the typhoon track forecasting. Additionally, forecast errors of the typhoon inner core structure at different stages are related to the predicted typhoon track. Vertical wind shear in the large-scale circulation field may be a significant factor contributing to this error. Moreover, an overestimation of the WPSH extent and intensity leads to a deeper asymmetric distribution of horizontal wind speed near the typhoon, which contributes to the occurrence and development of deep convection. This is an important reason for the slower moving speed of the typhoon.
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尽管台风路径和强度的数值预报已取得显著进展,但依然难以满足业务预报的需求。利用高分辨率中尺度数值预报模式WRF,通过不同的模式初值、起报时间和微物理参数化方案的8组组合试验,揭示模式初值对台风“利奇马”(1909)路径预报的敏感性,并将最大和最小路径误差的模拟结果作为代表性试验,构建了改进模式初值的敏感性试验,以此进一步研究不同模式初值导致台风路径预报差异的影响机制。结果表明:西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)强度和范围的准确预报对台风路径的预报起重要作用,初始场中副高偏强将导致模式预报的副高偏强,致使台风沿副高西移、北上受阻且移速偏慢,从而导致路径预报误差显著增大。其次,台风移动路径与不同阶段台风内核结构的预报误差密切相关,而大尺度环流形势背景下的风垂直切变可能是导致这一误差的重要原因。此外,副高范围和强度偏大,台风中心附近水平风速非对称分布为对流触发提供了有利条件,进一步使得台风强度增大,是模拟台风移速偏慢的重要原因。
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张彤彤,主要从事数值预报与大气可预报性研究。E-mail:747114047@qq.com
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张彤彤,主要从事数值预报与大气可预报性研究。E-mail:747114047@qq.com
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136(9):3307-3322, articleTitle=An observational study of environmental dynamical control of tropical cyclone intensity in the Atlantic, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1244213327447044270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, awardId=U2242213, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2242213), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1244213327526736049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, awardId=2021YFC3000902, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3000902), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244213320450945823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213320459334433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, companyId=1244213320450945823, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244213320467723042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, companyId=1244213320450945823, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京信息工程大学气候系统预测与变化应对全国重点实验室/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京,210044)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1244213324561363930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Geopotential height(shaded,unit:gpm)at 500 hPa for ERA-2(a),SEN(b)experiments in the initial condition at 00:00 UTC 6 August 2019, figureFileSmall=+JTt0Xsy++Lqr3YjKGIVdQ==, figureFileBig=+fi0Fz5La2gMnU5cfc4oSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213324632667105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
2019年8月6日00时ERA-2(a)、敏感性试验SEN(b)初始场500 hPa位势高度(色阶,单位:gpm), figureFileSmall=+JTt0Xsy++Lqr3YjKGIVdQ==, figureFileBig=+fi0Fz5La2gMnU5cfc4oSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213324875936749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Comparison of tracks from best track archives and eight sets of model simulations of typhoon Lekima from 00:00 UTC 6 to 00:00 UTC 10 August 2019(a. track,b. track error), figureFileSmall=hbuFGJLM9VpyAh9ZjsWzYA==, figureFileBig=ygCsLneLFfdShjZBRL8Wag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325035320314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
2019年8月6日00时—10日00时台风“利奇马”观测和8组试验模拟的路径对比(a. 路径、b. 路径误差), figureFileSmall=hbuFGJLM9VpyAh9ZjsWzYA==, figureFileBig=ygCsLneLFfdShjZBRL8Wag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325144371204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Comparison of tracks from best track archives and ERA-2,FNL-2 model simulations of typhoon Lekima from 00:00 UTC 6 to 00:00 UTC 10 August 2019(a. track,b. track error), figureFileSmall=FFM3u6tU75L5xcvRCgjx9Q==, figureFileBig=N1zagcFTVrTmvY4TGR7FLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325257617421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
2019年8月6日00时—10日00时台风“利奇马”观测和试验ERA-2、FNL-2模拟的路径对比(a. 路径、b. 路径误差), figureFileSmall=FFM3u6tU75L5xcvRCgjx9Q==, figureFileBig=N1zagcFTVrTmvY4TGR7FLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325404418070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Geopotential height(shaded,unit:gpm)and wind field(vector,unit:m/s)at 500 hPa for ERA-2(a1—a3)and FNL-2(b1—b3)experiments at 15:00 UTC(a1,b1),18:00 UTC(a2,b2)and 21:00 UTC(a3,b3)8 August 2019(the dashed lines and solid lines indicate geopotential contours of 5860 gpm and 5880 gpm), figureFileSmall=FKq+toVemNnSFECLhGjAqw==, figureFileBig=bt9vHXfmWDX3I+Bm564VqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325538635807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
2019年8月8日15时(a1、b1)、18时(a2、b2)、21时(a3、b3)ERA-2(a1—a3)、FNL-2(b1—b3)试验的500 hPa位势高度(色阶,单位:gpm)、风场(箭矢,单位:m/s)(黑色虚线为5860 gpm等值线,黑色实线为5880 gpm等值线), figureFileSmall=FKq+toVemNnSFECLhGjAqw==, figureFileBig=bt9vHXfmWDX3I+Bm564VqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325626716198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Geopotential height(shaded,unit:gpm)and wind field(vector)at 500 hPa for ERA-2(a),FNL-2(b)experiments and their differences(c)in the initial condition at 00:00 UTC 6 August 2019(the solid(dashed)line indicates geopotential contour of 5880(5840)gpm,the purple(green)line represents the results for ERA-2(FNL-2)), figureFileSmall=fAOHxyKDZZxVeg7eIcCpWA==, figureFileBig=B+9npLIqEqvCuYvg7Zz8wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325706407978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
2019年8月6日00时ERA-2(a)、FNL-2(b)试验的初始场500 hPa位势高度(色阶,单位:gpm)、风场(箭矢)及其差值(c)(黑色实线(虚线)为5880(5840)gpm等值线,紫色(绿色)实线(虚线)为ERA-2(FNL-2)5880(5840)gpm等值线), figureFileSmall=fAOHxyKDZZxVeg7eIcCpWA==, figureFileBig=B+9npLIqEqvCuYvg7Zz8wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325786099759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Comparison of tracks between best track archives and ERA-2,FNL-2,SEN model simulations of typhoon Lekima from 00:00 UTC 6 to 00:00 UTC 10 August 2019(a. track,b. track error), figureFileSmall=JvPYB047Om5x8pu2CLa7cQ==, figureFileBig=GoVJlLSc5WGqlWVkSjW3xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213325916123190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
2019年8月6日00时—10日00时台风“利奇马”观测和试验ERA-2、FNL-2、SEN模拟的路径对比(a. 路径、b. 路径误差), figureFileSmall=JvPYB047Om5x8pu2CLa7cQ==, figureFileBig=GoVJlLSc5WGqlWVkSjW3xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326008397883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Simulated tracks(a,circle,triangle and square refer to ERA-2,FNL-2 and SEN,respectively;fill colors denote different times),the time-height profiles of steering flows(b1;purple,green and orange vectors are for the model results of ERA-2,FNL-2 and SEN,respectively),vertically averaged steering flow between 200 and 850 hPa(Ave),and moving speed of typhoon(Speed)(b2)from 12:00 UTC 8 August 2019, figureFileSmall=9lnBf4S+T/7J971X+WsXag==, figureFileBig=SWsMat9jpl23AZwkV52J7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326117449795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
2019年8月8日12时起台风模拟路径(a,圆形、三角形、正方形分别表示ERA-2、FNL-2、SEN;不同填色表示不同时刻)、各高度层环境引导气流(b1,紫色:ERA-2,绿色:FNL-2,橙色:SEN),各高度层平均引导气流(Ave)以及台风中心移动速度(Speed)(b2)随时间的变化, figureFileSmall=9lnBf4S+T/7J971X+WsXag==, figureFileBig=SWsMat9jpl23AZwkV52J7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326222307401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
850 hPa radar reflectivity difference(shaded,unit:dBz)between ERA-2 and FNL-2(a1—a3),SEN and FNL-2(b1—b3)at 18:00 UTC(a1,b1)8 August,00:00 UTC(a2,b2)and 12:00 UTC(a3,b3)9 August 2019(the direction of the black vector in a1—a3(b1—b3)represent typhoon movement directions from ERA-2(SEN)experiments), figureFileSmall=9XEEjOGio5OIOO5mOq7l6w==, figureFileBig=AFWDxVgjKedl65n9KBSN3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326310387794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
2019年8月8日18时(a1、b1)、9日00时(a2、b2)、9日12时(a3、b3)ERA-2(a1—a3)、SEN(b1—b3)试验分别与FNL-2试验的850 hPa雷达反射率因子的差值(色阶,单位:dBz)(a1—a3和b1—b3中黑色矢量方向分别表示ERA-2和SEN试验台风移向), figureFileSmall=9XEEjOGio5OIOO5mOq7l6w==, figureFileBig=AFWDxVgjKedl65n9KBSN3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326402662490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Environmental mean wind profiles of ERA-2(a1—a3),FNL-2(b1—b3)and SEN(c1—c3)experiments at 18:00 UTC(a1,b1,c1)8 August,00:00 UTC(a2,b2,c2)and 12:00 UTC(a3,b3,c3)9 August 2019(arrow refer to the shear direction(200—850 hPa),and the red typhoon symbol indicates the typhoon center), figureFileSmall=Hs1OrR/M1Xdc2NroIjDS/w==, figureFileBig=mgrLzU2O8c3MoSl3/8yr2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326511714403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
2019年8月8日18时(a1、b1、c1)、9日00时(a2、b2、c2)、9日12时(a3、b3、c3)ERA-2(a1—a3)、FNL-2(b1—b3)、SEN(c1—c3)试验的850—200 hPa环境风廓线(箭头为200与850 hPa之间的风速垂直切变,红色台风符号为坐标系的原点), figureFileSmall=Hs1OrR/M1Xdc2NroIjDS/w==, figureFileBig=mgrLzU2O8c3MoSl3/8yr2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326624960623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Comparison of intensity between observations and model simulations of typhoon Lekima from 00:00 UTC 6 to 00:00 UTC 10 August 2019(a. ERA-2,b. FNL-2,c. SEN(solid lines refer to best track archives and dashed lines refer to model simulations,red for sea level pressure,blue for maximum sustained wind);d. temporal evolution of sea level pressure error;e. maximum sustained wind error), figureFileSmall=+6W0+HTp+mJg3rhfspYoyw==, figureFileBig=kbXOhDjY97ZEFYeLh/GcnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326713041016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
2019年8月6日00时—10日00时台风“利奇马”观测和模拟的强度对比(a. ERA-2、b. FNL-2、c. SEN(实线:实况;虚线:模拟;红线:中心最低气压(SLP),蓝线:中心附近最大风速(MSW));d. 中心最低气压误差;e. 中心附近最大风速误差), figureFileSmall=+6W0+HTp+mJg3rhfspYoyw==, figureFileBig=kbXOhDjY97ZEFYeLh/GcnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326813704321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Temporal evolutions of radius-height cross sections of the azimuthal mean radial wind(shaded,unit:m/s)and tangential wind(solid contour,unit:m/s)of ERA-2(a1—a3),FNL-2(b1—b3)and SEN(c1—c3)experiments at 18:00 UTC(a1,b1,c1)8 August,00:00 UTC(a2,b2,c2)and 12:00 UTC(a3,b3,c3)9 August 2019(the dashed contours indicate the RMW), figureFileSmall=dFIQkkAwL9g0R86+XTO3xQ==, figureFileBig=Z/RSVtyVmCi3NeVNLTOJYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326905979018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
2019年8月8日18时(a1、b1、c1)、9日00时(a2、b2、c2)、9日12时(a3、b3、c3)ERA-2(a1—a3)、FNL-2(b1—b3)、SEN(c1—c3)试验的方位角平均径向风(色阶,单位:m/s)、切向风(黑色实线,单位:m/s)的径向-高度分布(黑色虚线表示最大风速半径), figureFileSmall=dFIQkkAwL9g0R86+XTO3xQ==, figureFileBig=Z/RSVtyVmCi3NeVNLTOJYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213326989865104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Temporal evolution of radius-height cross sections of the azimuthal mean perturbation temperature(shaded,unit:℃),radar reflectivity(black solid contour,unit:dBz)and vertical velocity(blue dashed contour,unit:m/s)of ERA-2(a1—a3),FNL-2(b1—b3)and SEN(c1—c3)experiments at 18:00 UTC 8 August(a1,b1,c1),00:00 UTC(a2,b2,c2)and 12:00 UTC(a3,b3,c3)9 August 2019, figureFileSmall=Nn6srHLqgsza4QSVs1J3tw==, figureFileBig=9CyWG77SuvTS8y8cDSaqNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213327098917014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
2019年8月8日18时(a1、b1、c1)、9日00时(a2、b2、c2)、9日12时(a3、b3、c3)ERA-2(a1—a3)、FNL-2(b1—b3)、SEN(c1—c3)试验的方位角平均温度偏差(色阶,单位:℃),雷达反射率因子(黑色实线,单位:dBz)和垂直速度(蓝色虚线,单位:m/s)的径向-高度分布, figureFileSmall=Nn6srHLqgsza4QSVs1J3tw==, figureFileBig=9CyWG77SuvTS8y8cDSaqNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244213327199580319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Design of numerical experiments
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 试验名称 | 模式初值 | 起报时间(世界时) | 云微物理过程 参数化方案 |
|---|
| ERA-1 | ERA5再分析资料 | 2019-08-06 00时 | Thompson |
| ERA-2 | Lin |
| ERA-3 | 2019-08-06 06时 | Thompson |
| ERA-4 | Lin |
| FNL-1 | FNL分析资料 | 2019-08-06 00时 | Thompson |
| FNL-2 | Lin |
| FNL-3 | 2019-08-06 06时 | Thompson |
| FNL-4 | Lin |
), ArticleFig(id=1244213327291855012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243976137760620571, articleId=1244213314121741022, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
模拟试验方案设计
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 试验名称 | 模式初值 | 起报时间(世界时) | 云微物理过程 参数化方案 |
|---|
| ERA-1 | ERA5再分析资料 | 2019-08-06 00时 | Thompson |
| ERA-2 | Lin |
| ERA-3 | 2019-08-06 06时 | Thompson |
| ERA-4 | Lin |
| FNL-1 | FNL分析资料 | 2019-08-06 00时 | Thompson |
| FNL-2 | Lin |
| FNL-3 | 2019-08-06 06时 | Thompson |
| FNL-4 | Lin |
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