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With the development of Intelligent Connected Vehicle (ICV) technology,ICVs with limited computing resources face the problem of significantly increased computational demand. ICVs can offload tasks to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) servers via Roadside Units (RSU). However,the dynamic and complex nature of vehicular networks makes task offloading and resource allocation highly challenging. In this paper,it is proposed to minimize task computing energy consumption by controlling task offloading decision,communication power,and computing resource allocation under environmental and resource constraints. To address the coexistence of discrete and continuous control variables in the problem,a Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning (HDRL) algorithm is designed. The algorithm employs the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) to generate task offloading decisions and the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) to determine communication power and MEC resource allocation. Furthermore,an Improved Prioritized Experience Replay (IPER) mechanism is integrated to evaluate and select actions,outputting the optimal strategy. Simulation results show that the method achieves faster and more stable decision convergence than comparative algorithms,minimizes the energy consumption for task computation offloading,and effectively adapts to changes in the number of ICVs and task sizes,demonstrating high real-time performance and excellent environmental adaptability.
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*, columnId=null, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
随着智能网联车辆(ICV)技术的发展,计算资源有限的ICV面临计算需求大幅增加的问题。ICV可以通过路侧单元(RSU)将任务卸载到移动边缘计算(MEC)服务器上。然而,车联网环境的动态性和复杂性使任务卸载和资源分配变得极具挑战。本文提出在环境和资源的约束下,通过控制任务卸载决策、通信功率和计算资源分配,最小化任务计算能耗。针对这一问题离散和连续控制变量共存的特性,设计了混合深度强化学习(HDRL)算法:利用双深度Q网络(DDQN)生成任务卸载决策,利用深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)生成通信功率和MEC资源分配决策,并结合改进的优先级经验回放(IPER)机制来评估和选择动作,输出最优策略。仿真实验结果表明,该方法比对比算法具有更快更稳定的决策收敛性,实现了任务计算卸载的最小能耗,并能有效适应ICV数量和任务大小的变化,具有高实时性和良好环境适应性。
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| 输入:系统环境参数HDRL 算法参数 输出:HDRL网络参数 |
| 1) 初始化DDQN网络参数 和 ,DDPG网络参数 、 、 、 ,经验回放池 ; 2) for episode = 1 to EPmax do 3) 初始化环境、奖励值R=0,获取环境初始状态s0; 4) for t = 1 to T do 5) 获取系统状态st; 6) 利用DDQN选择动作 ; 7) 利用DDPG选择动作 和 ; 8) 执行动作 ,获得奖励值 和下一系统状态 ; 9) 计算系统累积回报R = R + rt; 10) 将四元组 存入经验回放池 ; 11) 利用IPER机制从经验回放池 中采样; 12) 根据式(18)和式(19)计算得到DDQN最大Q值对应的动作和目标值; 13) 根据式(20)最小化损失函数,并根据式(21)更新DDQN网络参数; 14) 根据式(22)最小化DDPG的损失函数; 15) 根据式(23)更新Actor训练网络参数和 Critic训练网络参数; 16) 根据式(24)更新Actor目标网络参数和Critic目标网络参数; 17) end for 18) end for |
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HDRL训练过程
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| 输入:系统环境参数HDRL 算法参数 输出:HDRL网络参数 |
| 1) 初始化DDQN网络参数 和 ,DDPG网络参数 、 、 、 ,经验回放池 ; 2) for episode = 1 to EPmax do 3) 初始化环境、奖励值R=0,获取环境初始状态s0; 4) for t = 1 to T do 5) 获取系统状态st; 6) 利用DDQN选择动作 ; 7) 利用DDPG选择动作 和 ; 8) 执行动作 ,获得奖励值 和下一系统状态 ; 9) 计算系统累积回报R = R + rt; 10) 将四元组 存入经验回放池 ; 11) 利用IPER机制从经验回放池 中采样; 12) 根据式(18)和式(19)计算得到DDQN最大Q值对应的动作和目标值; 13) 根据式(20)最小化损失函数,并根据式(21)更新DDQN网络参数; 14) 根据式(22)最小化DDPG的损失函数; 15) 根据式(23)更新Actor训练网络参数和 Critic训练网络参数; 16) 根据式(24)更新Actor目标网络参数和Critic目标网络参数; 17) end for 18) end for |
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| 符号 | 含义 | 单位 | 数值 |
| | 任务数据量大小 | Mb | [2,7] |
| | 任务计算复杂度 | Mcycles/Mb | [1 000,1 500] |
| | 任务执行允许最大时延 | s | 3 |
| | ICV本地可用计算能力 | MHz | [750,1 500] |
| | MEC计算能力 | GHz | [7,10] |
| B | 通信带宽 | MHz | 20 |
| | 单位参考距离下的信道增益 | dB | -50 |
| | 高斯白噪声功率 | dBm | -60 |
| Ploss | 传输损耗 | dB | 20 |
| Pmax | ICV和MEC配备的RSU 间的最大通信功率 | W | 1 |
| | 能量系数 | | 10-26 |
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仿真参数设置
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| 符号 | 含义 | 单位 | 数值 |
| | 任务数据量大小 | Mb | [2,7] |
| | 任务计算复杂度 | Mcycles/Mb | [1 000,1 500] |
| | 任务执行允许最大时延 | s | 3 |
| | ICV本地可用计算能力 | MHz | [750,1 500] |
| | MEC计算能力 | GHz | [7,10] |
| B | 通信带宽 | MHz | 20 |
| | 单位参考距离下的信道增益 | dB | -50 |
| | 高斯白噪声功率 | dBm | -60 |
| Ploss | 传输损耗 | dB | 20 |
| Pmax | ICV和MEC配备的RSU 间的最大通信功率 | W | 1 |
| | 能量系数 | | 10-26 |
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| 算法 | 计算时间/s |
| HDRL | 3.29×10-3 |
| DDQN+DDPG | 4.17×10-3 |
| DQN+DDPG | 3.06×10-3 |
| GA | 24.04 |
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| 算法 | 计算时间/s |
| HDRL | 3.29×10-3 |
| DDQN+DDPG | 4.17×10-3 |
| DQN+DDPG | 3.06×10-3 |
| GA | 24.04 |
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