Article(id=1149781739016512099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149781735614935465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721664000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-23, revisedDate=1730304000000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058928493, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058928493, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058928493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058928493, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781735614935465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058927681, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780706926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157003401239290378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149781735614935465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157003401239290379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149781735614935465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=578, endPage=586, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781739322696294, articleId=1149781739016512099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=EN, title=Research on Multi-mode Sound Synthesis and Application in Electric Vehicles, columnId=1149809889280750125, journalTitle=Automotive Engineering, columnName=Selected Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The Active Sound Enhancement (ASE) system in electric vehicles plays a crucial role in constructing diverse sound features and enhancing driving control perception. For the ASE technology for electric vehicles,a variable-weight multimodal switching sound synthesis algorithm is proposed in this paper. By constructing a mode-switching factor matrix,it organically combines order synthesis,pitch modulation synthesis,and particle synthesis methods to form a deep sound fusion ASE system to achieve real-time synthesis of multimodal in-cabin sound profiles aimed at enriching subjective auditory perception,increasing the richness of the ASE system,and making the synthesized sound more three-dimensional and saturated,thus enhancing the driving experience. Subsequently,a sound modulation software for electric vehicles is developed using C#,integrating ASE system control and sound modulation function to realize quick and flexible modulation of vehicle sound. Finally,the application of the sound modulation software in the sound modulation of a specific pure electric SUV is demonstrated. Sound tests combined with subjective evaluation results indicate that this software can effectively achieve multimodal sound synthesis goals,offering practical engineering application value.

, articleAbstract=

The Active Sound Enhancement (ASE) system in electric vehicles plays a crucial role in constructing diverse sound features and enhancing driving control perception. For the ASE technology for electric vehicles, a variableweight multimodal switching sound synthesis algorithm is proposed in this paper. By constructing a modeswitching factor matrix, it organically combines order synthesis, pitch modulation synthesis, and particle synthesis methods to form a deep sound fusion ASE system to achieve realtime synthesis of multimodal incabin sound profiles aimed at enriching subjective auditory perception, increasing the richness of the ASE system, and making the synthesized sound more threedimensional and saturated, thus enhancing the driving experience. Subsequently, a sound modulation software for electric vehicles is developed using C#, integrating ASE system control and sound modulation function to realize quick and flexible modulation of vehicle sound. Finally, the application of the sound modulation software in the sound modulation of a specific pure electric SUV is demonstrated. Sound tests combined with subjective evaluation results indicate that this software can effectively achieve multimodal sound synthesis goals, offering practical engineering application value.

, correspAuthors=Liping Xie, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tao Wang, Zhien Liu, Liping Xie, Chihua Lu, Ying Wang, Yushu Qian), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149781765960720386, articleId=1149781739016512099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=CN, title=电动车车内多模式声浪合成与应用研究*, columnId=1149809889410773550, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=精选论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=

电动车车内主动声音增强(active sound enhancement,ASE)系统在构造多元化声音特征和增加驾驶操纵感方面具有重要作用。本文面向电动车车内ASE技术,提出了一种可变权重的多模式切换声音合成算法,通过构建模式切换因子矩阵,将阶次合成、变调合成和粒子合成方法进行有机结合,形成深度声融合ASE系统,可实现以丰富主观听觉感知为目标的多模式车内声浪的实时合成,增加了ASE系统的丰富度,使合成声音更具立体感和饱和感,提升了驾乘体验。然后使用C#语言开发了电动车车内声浪调制软件,集成了ASE系统控制和声浪调制功能,可快速实现对汽车声音的灵活调制。最后展示了声浪调制软件在某纯电SUV汽车声音调制中的应用,声音测试结合主观评价结果表明,该软件可以有效达成多模式声音合成目标,具有实际的工程应用价值。

, articleAbstract=

电动车车内主动声音增强(active sound enhancement, ASE)系统在构造多元化声音特征和增加驾驶操纵感方面具有重要作用。本文面向电动车车内ASE技术,提出了一种可变权重的多模式切换声音合成算法,通过构建模式切换因子矩阵,将阶次合成、变调合成和粒子合成方法进行有机结合,形成深度声融合ASE系统,可实现以丰富主观听觉感知为目标的多模式车内声浪的实时合成,增加了ASE系统的丰富度,使合成声音更具立体感和饱和感,提升了驾乘体验。然后使用C#语言开发了电动车车内声浪调制软件,集成了ASE系统控制和声浪调制功能,可快速实现对汽车声音的灵活调制。最后展示了声浪调制软件在某纯电SUV汽车声音调制中的应用,声音测试结合主观评价结果表明,该软件可以有效达成多模式声音合成目标,具有实际的工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=谢丽萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
谢丽萍,讲师,博士,E-mail:
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讲师,博士

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序号 设备名称 具体型号
1 数据采集系统 SIEMENS-LMS
2 数据采集软件 LMSTest.Lab17
3 声压传感器 GRAS 146AE
4 传感器标定仪 HS6020A
5 笔记本电脑 Lenovo
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测试设备表

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序号 设备名称 具体型号
1 数据采集系统 SIEMENS-LMS
2 数据采集软件 LMSTest.Lab17
3 声压传感器 GRAS 146AE
4 传感器标定仪 HS6020A
5 笔记本电脑 Lenovo
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系统状态 模式 具体工况
ASE关闭 缓油门加速工况下电动车车内噪声数据采集,车速范围约为0~100 km/h
ASE开启 动力模式
科幻模式
融合模式
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测试工况

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系统状态 模式 具体工况
ASE关闭 缓油门加速工况下电动车车内噪声数据采集,车速范围约为0~100 km/h
ASE开启 动力模式
科幻模式
融合模式
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电动车车内多模式声浪合成与应用研究*
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王涛 1 , 刘志恩 1 , 谢丽萍 2 , 卢炽华 1 , 王颖 1 , 钱宇书 1
汽车工程 | 精选论文 2025,47(3): 578-586
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汽车工程 | 精选论文 2025, 47(3): 578-586
电动车车内多模式声浪合成与应用研究*
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王涛1, 刘志恩1, 谢丽萍2 , 卢炽华1, 王颖1, 钱宇书1
作者信息
  • 1 武汉理工大学,现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 2 福州大学机械工程及自动化学院,福州 350002

通讯作者:

谢丽萍,讲师,博士,E-mail:
Research on Multi-mode Sound Synthesis and Application in Electric Vehicles
Tao Wang1, Zhien Liu1, Liping Xie2 , Chihua Lu1, Ying Wang1, Yushu Qian1
Affiliations
  • 1 Wuhan University of Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Automotive Components,Wuhan 430070
  • 2 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350002
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.019
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电动车车内主动声音增强(active sound enhancement, ASE)系统在构造多元化声音特征和增加驾驶操纵感方面具有重要作用。本文面向电动车车内ASE技术,提出了一种可变权重的多模式切换声音合成算法,通过构建模式切换因子矩阵,将阶次合成、变调合成和粒子合成方法进行有机结合,形成深度声融合ASE系统,可实现以丰富主观听觉感知为目标的多模式车内声浪的实时合成,增加了ASE系统的丰富度,使合成声音更具立体感和饱和感,提升了驾乘体验。然后使用C#语言开发了电动车车内声浪调制软件,集成了ASE系统控制和声浪调制功能,可快速实现对汽车声音的灵活调制。最后展示了声浪调制软件在某纯电SUV汽车声音调制中的应用,声音测试结合主观评价结果表明,该软件可以有效达成多模式声音合成目标,具有实际的工程应用价值。

主动声音增强  /  声音合成算法  /  软件开发与应用

The Active Sound Enhancement (ASE) system in electric vehicles plays a crucial role in constructing diverse sound features and enhancing driving control perception. For the ASE technology for electric vehicles, a variableweight multimodal switching sound synthesis algorithm is proposed in this paper. By constructing a modeswitching factor matrix, it organically combines order synthesis, pitch modulation synthesis, and particle synthesis methods to form a deep sound fusion ASE system to achieve realtime synthesis of multimodal incabin sound profiles aimed at enriching subjective auditory perception, increasing the richness of the ASE system, and making the synthesized sound more threedimensional and saturated, thus enhancing the driving experience. Subsequently, a sound modulation software for electric vehicles is developed using C#, integrating ASE system control and sound modulation function to realize quick and flexible modulation of vehicle sound. Finally, the application of the sound modulation software in the sound modulation of a specific pure electric SUV is demonstrated. Sound tests combined with subjective evaluation results indicate that this software can effectively achieve multimodal sound synthesis goals, offering practical engineering application value.

active sound enhancement  /  sound synthesis algorithm  /  software development and application
王涛, 刘志恩, 谢丽萍, 卢炽华, 王颖, 钱宇书. 电动车车内多模式声浪合成与应用研究*. 汽车工程, 2025 , 47 (3) : 578 -586 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.019
Tao Wang, Zhien Liu, Liping Xie, Chihua Lu, Ying Wang, Yushu Qian. Research on Multi-mode Sound Synthesis and Application in Electric Vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025 , 47 (3) : 578 -586 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.019
随着国家“新质生产力”的提出,以电动汽车为代表的新能源汽车迅猛发展。电驱动系统发出的声音很微小,失去了传统燃油车具有的声音掩蔽效应优势,汽车声音设计面临新的挑战。电动汽车车内比较安静,减少了车辆驾驶状态的反馈,使驾驶员的操纵感下降,而汽车声品质决定着用户对产品的购买欲望[1]。因此为构造多元化声音特征,提升电动汽车驾驶体验,主动声音增强(active sound enhancement,ASE)技术成为最为有效的方法之一。Amman等[2]提出了一种利用发动机声音信号,采用相加合成法和光滑重叠粒子合成法对其声音合成的方法。Amman等[3]基于对确定信号和随机信号进行分解的汽车发动机声音拟合方法,能够较为真实地还原发动机的阶次声音特征。Schirmacher等[4]首次提出车内发动机阶次声音的主动声音设计和主动发声的概念,从整车CAN信息中获取发动机转速等车辆行驶参数,通过扬声器发出发动机阶次声音。Park等[5]开发了一套发动机声音主动增强系统,能够以不同的车型和销售市场的偏好为依据,个性化地对发动机声音进行开发。Van Rensburg等[6]使用相位编码器对某转速下的发动机声音进行时间缩放和变调对变转速的发动机声音进行模拟。捷豹路虎公司的Iain等[7]基于混动汽车对不同工况下的车内提示音进行了设计和与整车的集成。Jagla等[8]把时域的音频通过某种方式分割成极短的音频片段,将其中某一个或某几个片段进行循环播放,获得了与原音频效果相似的合成音频。Sontacchi等[9]认为对于电动汽车,主动发声技术能够增强车内声音,延续汽车品牌DNA形象,同时能够向驾驶员实时反馈车辆行驶状态。De la Garza[10]以品牌形象特征为元素,设计了一种粒子合成算法来模拟具有品牌特色的电动汽车声音。吉林大学的胡达远[11]设计并建立了发动机声音样本库,对汽车主动声音管理系统进行了实车搭载。2020年,Lee等[12]构建了动力指数和舒适感指数,有助于通过主观评价得分评估车内声音的动力感和舒适度。同年,Moon等[13]基于谐波的主要阶次和整体声压级搭建出应用于主动发声系统开发的回归模型,提高了开发主动发声系统的效率。Song等[14]将测得的双耳车辆脉冲响应与主动发声多通道放大器的输出进行实时卷积,通过台式模拟器重现出了车辆在真实路面行驶时的声音。Zhang等[15]于2023年提出了一种综合声音振幅、能量分布和阶次3个维度的声音设计方法,确定了兼具舒适性和动感的加速声音设计方案,有效提升了电动汽车加速和匀速行驶时车内声音的舒适性和动力感。Yu等[16]将变距快速插值方法运用在声音信号的频率处理过程中,根据转速的变化来改变插值比率,实现声音片段的压缩与伸长,进而改变声音信号的频率。
综上所述,近年来国内外针对主动发声系统的研究主要集中于声音的设计和声音的合成算法方面,而对于如何提升驾乘体验鲜有研究。目前ASE算法主要是谐波合成算法、变调合成算法和粒子合成算法,基于实车的ASE技术是在控制器中搭载其中的某种算法,发声效果比较单一。同时当基于实车对ASE系统进行量产搭载时,其算法复杂多变,对于无量产搭载经验的声音设计工程师,无法快速基于ASE算法调制出富有多种音感的声音,同时也难以实现对ASE算法的高效调试。针对上述问题,本文创新性地提出基于可变权重的多模式切换声合成算法,以可变权重为媒介,将3种声音合成方法进行有机结合,形成深度声融合ASE系统,增加了ASE系统的丰富度,使合成声音更具立体感和饱和感,有效提升驾驶体验;同时以基于可变权重的多模式切换声合成算法为原理,开发了一种面向电动车车内主动声音增强系统的声浪调制软件,可使工程师在不打开算法源代码的情况下,通过修改软件界面参数,由下层控制器实时计算对应的音频数据,驱动车内扬声器播放对应的声音,实现基于实车ASE系统声音的实时调制。
基于可变权重的多模式切换声合成算法原理如图1所示。通过构建模式切换因子矩阵S=sij, ij=1,2,3,可实现以丰富主观听觉感知为目标的多模式车内声浪的实时合成。
s11=1,s21=0,s31=0时,系统切换为动力模式,基于谐波合成方法实现动力感声浪合成,具体方法如下。
首先对谐波各阶次成分进行调制,对信号幅值和转速关系进行拟合,得到Amplitude-RPM曲线[17]。将电机转速映射为发动机转速,根据模拟转速输入估计出阶次频率信息fk
fk=RPM60·k
式中:RPM为模拟的转速; fk为估计阶次频率; k为阶次索引,如2阶、3阶、…、k阶。
其次计算各阶谐波声信号Xkn
Xkn=Aktsin 2π·fk·t+θkt
式中:Ak为各谐波对应幅值;θk(t)为各谐波对应相位。
然后通过合理的阶次配比将不同频率的阶次声进行叠加,合成初始目标声音X(n)
Xn=k=K0K1Xkn
式中:K0为阶次索引初始值; K1为阶次索引结束值。
最后在初始目标声音中加入Xn对应的速度关联增益gxs和踏板关联增益gxp,合成最终目标声音Xsn
Xsn=gxs·speedspeedmax+gxp·pedalpedalmax·Xn
式中:speedmax为车速最大值;pedalmax为踏板深度最大值。
s11=0,s21=1,s31=0时,切换为科幻模式,基于移频变调方法实现科幻感声浪合成,具体方法如下。
首先输入音频信号C(n)
其次在时间维度对音频信号进行拉伸和压缩:
假设变调前声音信号的频率为f1,变调后声音信号的频率为f2,变调系数为k,即
k=f2f1 
然后计算输出的信号Y(n)
C1n=Cfixnf1+mod(n,f1)f1·Cfixnf1+1-fixnf1 
Yn=C1f2·n,n=0,1,2,,N·f1f2
式中:N表示音频帧的长度; fix表示取整运算; mod表示取模运算。当f1>f2时,表示音频降调;当f1<f2时,表示音频升调[18]
最后在初始目标声音中加入Yn对应的速度关联增益gys和踏板关联增益gyp,合成最终目标声音Ysn
Ysn=gys·speedspeedmax+gyp·pedalpedalmax·Yn
s11=0,s12=0,s13=1时,切换为特效模式,可基于粒子合成方法对特殊场景音效进行合成,具体方法如下。
首先输入原始声音样本Hn,构建声音粒子样本库Li
其次提取声音粒子片段,并将其顺序摆放,对每个声音粒子进行编号制成一个索引矩阵I。并通过电动车转速、车速、转矩等输入参数计算对应声音粒子的索引号i,根据索引号读取声音样本库中对应的声音粒子ni [19]
然后对相邻的声音粒子样本nini+1在时域内依次拼接,进行重叠相加,合成目标声音信号Z(n)
最后在初始目标声音中加入Zn对应的速度关联增益gzs、踏板关联增益gzp及固定粒子增益c,合成最终目标声音Zsn
Zsn=gzs·speedspeedmax+gzp·pedalpedalmax+c·Zn
在模式切换因子矩阵作用下,依据上述各个独立模式声音信号计算公式求出系统多模式融合声合成信号M(n)
Mn=S·XsnYsnZsn
S中的元素s11,s12,s13{0,1}且不同时为1时,ASE系统为独立合成模式,Mn
Xsn,S=1,0, 0Ysn,S=0,1,0Zsn,S=0,0,1
S中的元素s11,s12,s13{s|0s1,sR}且不同时为0时,ASE系统为融合合成模式,Mn
s11·Xsn+s12·Ysn+s13·Zsn
在总体增益系数gs作用下,求出系统最终合成声信号Sn
Sn=gs·Mn
通过模式切换因子矩阵对系统进行控制,不仅可以在独立模式下实现声浪合成,还可在融合模式下实现各个独立模式的合成声信号时域叠加。同时模式切换因子矩阵可改变融合模式下Mn中各个合成声信号的贡献量,实现可变权重的ASE系统多模式切换控制。
在该ASE系统中,以模式切换因子矩阵为媒介,将3种声音合成方法进行融合,将各个声音合成信号通过不同权重在时域叠加,从而具有多种发声模式,可满足车辆在复杂行驶状态下对应的声学反馈,覆盖更多驾驶员群体的主观声学感知,提升电动车内部的声学环境。
本文基于可变权重的多模式切换声合成算法为原理对调制软件进行开发,为与实车ASE系统适配,需要对软件与系统之间的通信协议进行设计,并依托Visual Studio 2022的WINFORM平台,提取多模式切换声合成算法核心参数,使用C#语言通过拖放式可视化技术进行软件界面设计,同时对其功能模块进行开发和实现,提高多个模式下电动车车内声浪的调制效率。软件开发流程如图2所示。
其中控制器主芯片为ADSP_21593,同时将CAN解析芯片、功率放大器进行集成,包括电源模块、音频输出模块、CAN信号输入模块、A2B信号输入模块及UART通信模块。在进行声浪调制时,控制器通过UART模块和CAN输入模块接收软件参数和实车CAN信息,调用ASE算法进行实时计算,通过音频输出模块和A2B模块驱动车内扬声器匹配实车工况播放声音。
控制器收到软件指令后,须依据通信协议对指令进行解析,从而进行响应。指令解析流程如图3所示。
本文开发的调制软件包括4个主模块,分别为交互接口模块、ASE系统控制模块、多模式声浪调制模块以及CAN信息显示模块。交互接口模块可以对通信接口进行配置,实现声浪调制软件和控制器之间的通信和数据交互;声浪控制模块可以实现对ASE系统的实时控制,包括切换发声模式、开闭ASE系统和对车内调制声浪样本进行临时录制;多模式声浪调制模块是实现实车声音实时调试的核心功能模块,主要包括动力模式声浪调制模块、科幻模式声浪调制模块、特殊音效调制模块和融合模式声浪调制模块;CAN信息显示模块采用多线程技术,可实时显示实车的转速、车速、踏板深度、转矩信息,便于在声音调制时了解此时的工况。软件总体界面如图4所示。
本文以某款纯电动SUV汽车为融合声浪调制软件的ASE系统搭载对象,通过软件对实车声浪进行调制。实车ASE系统搭载布置如图5所示。
本试验拟对比所选电动车在ASE系统搭载前后的车内音效差异,展示面向电动车车内声音主动增强系统的声浪调制软件在动力模式、科幻模式及融合模式下的应用实例。考虑到所开发的ASE系统主要是对加速工况下的车内声浪进行调制,故在室外宽敞的道路上组织缓油门加速工况下的试验测试。测试设备如表1所示。
声压传感器布放位置如图6所示。
测试工况如表2所示。
测试时以驾驶员耳旁传声器采集的车内噪声为评价对象,通过软件设定不同发声模式并控制ASE系统开闭。测试方法和结果如下。
(1) 软件控制ASE系统关闭,通过LMS数据采集系统对声音进行采集,得到测试工况下对应的原车背景噪声频谱,如图7所示。
可以看出,在ASE系统关闭状态下,车内未出现明显的合成声特征,并以路噪、风噪和车内原始背景噪声为主要声音特征。
(2) 软件控制ASE系统开启,将发声模式设定为动力模式,并对动力感声浪进行调制后,通过LMS数据采集系统对声音进行采集,得到对应测试工况下的动力感声浪频谱,如图8所示。
在软件控制作用下,ASE系统能够主动播放出预先设计的目标声音,在保留原车的车内声学环境的基础上,增添明显具有内燃机汽车阶次的声音特征,面向纯电动汽车合成了以2阶、4阶、6阶为主,其余整数阶和半阶为辅的多个阶次合成声音。图中低频阶次幅值能量偏大,使得合成声音更具发动机的轰鸣感,同时包含多个偏置阶次,可有效提升动力感声浪的主观听觉感知。
(3) 软件控制ASE系统开启,发声模式选择科幻感,调制出科幻感声浪后,通过LMS数据采集系统对声音进行采集,得到测试工况下对应的科幻感声浪频谱,如图9所示。
在软件控制作用下,ASE系统能够在保留原车的车内声学环境的基础上,增添明显不同于内燃机汽车阶次声特征的新声音特征。图中,在0-6 s时科幻感声浪以音轨一为主,7 s时音轨二渐入。通过多音轨延时渐入的方式可有效提升科幻感声浪的丰富感和立体感。
(4) 软件控制ASE系统开启,选择融合模式,模式切换矩阵S=[0,1, 1],可实现在科幻感声浪基础上叠加一段特殊车速提示声音,提示音具体为一段人声车速播报音。通过LMS数据采集系统对声音进行采集,得到测试工况下对应的频谱,如图10所示。
在软件的控制作用下,ASE系统在科幻感声浪声音特征的基础上,当车速到达某一设定值时触发人声车速播报音,增添明显的人声车速播报的声音特征,从而有效提升ASE系统的趣味性和丰富性。
目前比较大众的声品质主观评价实验方法为排序法、评分法、成对比较法、语义细分法、多维尺度法和个性测试法等。本文选择评分法。随后从有无驾驶经验、教育水平、年龄、性别以及有无声学知识等方面选取共20名评价者组织主观评价实验,对声浪调制软件调制出的动力感和科幻感声浪品质进行评价[20-21]。主观评价设备如图11所示。
电脑端对采集到的车内加速声音样本的声压级进行计算,使用主观评价系统播放时,须通过音频校准设备对电脑输出音量进行校准,使得耳机端输出音频的声压级与电脑端一致。之后将加速行驶时车内声浪引起的主观感知强弱程度划分为10个等级,每个等级对应不同主观评价分值,主观评价分值等级划分如图12所示。
将实车调制的动力感声浪与科幻感声浪分别形成待测样本,被试通过耳机试听待测样本,评价人员通过主观评价界面,分别对每一个声音样本给出相应的分值,试验结果如图13所示。
计算最终主观得分时,剔除结果中的最低分和最高分,然后将剩余的主观评价结果分值进行平均,得到加速行驶车内声音样本的动力感和科幻感主观评价最终分值分别为7.2和7.3,与主观评价等级划分规则对比可得,通过软件调制的实车动力模式声浪和科幻模式声浪基本具备动力感和科幻感。
本文面向电动车车内主动声音增强技术,提出了一种可变权重的多模式切换声音合成算法,同时基于该算法对电动车车内声浪调制软件进行了开发,具体结论如下。
(1)通过构建模式切换因子矩阵,将阶次合成、移频变调及粒子合成方法进行有机结合,基于功放平台控制器形成深度声融合ASE系统,实现了以丰富主观听觉感知为目标的多模式车内声浪的实时合成,增加了ASE系统的丰富度,使合成声音更具立体感和饱和感,提升了驾乘体验。
(2)基于可变权重的多模式切换声音合成算法,使用C#语言开发了电动车车内声浪调制软件,主要包括数据交互、声浪控制、多模式声浪调制和CAN信息显示模块,可快速实现对汽车声音的灵活调制。
(3)基于某纯电SUV汽车给出声浪调制软件的应用实例,并对调制声音组织主观评价试验,试验结果验证了该软件的实用性和有效性,具有实际的工程应用价值。
  • *国家自然科学基金面上项目(52175111)
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.019
  • 接收时间:2024-07-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23
  • 修回日期:2024-10-31
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*国家自然科学基金面上项目(52175111)
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    1 武汉理工大学,现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2 福州大学机械工程及自动化学院,福州 350002

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谢丽萍,讲师,博士,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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