Article(id=1149418805417382029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726934400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-22, revisedDate=1730908800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751972398379, onlineDateStr=2025-07-08, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751972398379, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751972398379, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751972398379, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149418798794572319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1006', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751972396792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780688390, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=970, endPage=981, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149418805912309910, articleId=1149418805417382029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=EN, title=Research on Clustered Multi-channel Active Noise Control System in Car, columnId=1149805645261664296, journalTitle=Automotive Engineering, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=

In order to solve the problem of roaring sound inside the vehicle caused by intermittent engine intervention during charging and discharging of diesel-electric hybrid vehicles,in this paper a semi-coupled cluster control strategy with better comprehensive performance is proposed based on the traditional multi-channel active noise control (ANC) system by combining the advantages of the centralized control strategy and decentralized control strategy. Compared with the centralized control strategy,the computational cost of the cluster control strategy is reduced by about 50%,and the noise attenuation performance is comparable to that of the centralized control strategy. Compared with the decentralized control strategy,the stability is obviously better,and the noise reduction effect is outstanding. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform,a variety of cluster control strategies and traditional control strategies in the vehicle are compared and analyzed,and the road test experiments of a range-extended electric vehicle are carried out under its common working conditions. The results show that the cluster control strategy can be well applied to the multi-channel active noise control system in the vehicle,and the average noise reduction amount of the second-,fourth-,and sixth-order range extender noise at the four seat headrest positions can reach 15.9,10.6 and 5.7 dB(A),respectively,showing good noise reduction effect and stability. The research results can be applied to the noise control of manned cabins,such as aircraft,submarines and other fields,which has important scientific significance and engineering value.

, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problem of roaring sound inside the vehicle caused by intermittent engine intervention during charging and discharging of dieselelectric hybrid vehicles, in this paper a semicoupled cluster control strategy with better comprehensive performance is proposed based on the traditional multichannel active noise control (ANC) system by combining the advantages of the centralized control strategy and decentralized control strategy. Compared with the centralized control strategy, the computational cost of the cluster control strategy is reduced by about 50%, and the noise attenuation performance is comparable to that of the centralized control strategy. Compared with the decentralized control strategy, the stability is obviously better, and the noise reduction effect is outstanding. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform, a variety of cluster control strategies and traditional control strategies in the vehicle are compared and analyzed, and the road test experiments of a rangeextended electric vehicle are carried out under its common working conditions. The results show that the cluster control strategy can be well applied to the multichannel active noise control system in the vehicle, and the average noise reduction amount of the second, fourth, and sixthorder range extender noise at the four seat headrest positions can reach 15.9, 10.6 and 5.7 dB(A), respectively, showing good noise reduction effect and stability. The research results can be applied to the noise control of manned cabins, such as aircraft, submarines and other fields, which has important scientific significance and engineering value.

, correspAuthors=Wan Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huiping Deng, Chihua Lu, Wan Chen, Zhien Liu, Ting Luo, Yongliang Wang, Menglei Sun), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149418821489955212, articleId=1149418805417382029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=CN, title=车内集群式多通道主动噪声控制系统研究*, columnId=1149805645391687721, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=

为解决油电混合动力汽车充放电时发动机间歇介入工作,导致车内轰鸣声的问题,本文基于传统多通道主动噪声控制(active noise control,ANC)系统,通过融合集中式控制策略与分散式控制策略的优点,提出了一种综合性能较优的半耦合式集群式控制策略。集群式控制策略较集中式控制策略计算量降低50%左右,且保持着与其相当的噪声衰减性能;较分散式控制策略稳定性明显更优,降噪效果突出。基于MATLAB仿真平台对提出的车内多种集群式控制策略及传统控制策略进行了对比分析,同时基于某增程式电动车在其常用工况下开展了实车路试实验验证。结果表明集群式控制策略可较好地应用于车内多通道主动噪声控制系统,2、4、6阶增程器噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达15.9、10.6和5.7 dB(A),表现出了良好的降噪效果及稳定性。研究成果可推广应用于有人舱室的噪声控制如飞机、潜艇等领域,有重要的科学意义和工程价值。

, articleAbstract=

为解决油电混合动力汽车充放电时发动机间歇介入工作,导致车内轰鸣声的问题,本文基于传统多通道主动噪声控制(active noise control, ANC)系统,通过融合集中式控制策略与分散式控制策略的优点,提出了一种综合性能较优的半耦合式集群式控制策略。集群式控制策略较集中式控制策略计算量降低50%左右,且保持着与其相当的噪声衰减性能;较分散式控制策略稳定性明显更优,降噪效果突出。基于MATLAB仿真平台对提出的车内多种集群式控制策略及传统控制策略进行了对比分析,同时基于某增程式电动车在其常用工况下开展了实车路试实验验证。结果表明集群式控制策略可较好地应用于车内多通道主动噪声控制系统,2、4、6阶增程器噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达15.9、10.6和5.7dB(A),表现出了良好的降噪效果及稳定性。研究成果可推广应用于有人舱室的噪声控制如飞机、潜艇等领域,有重要的科学意义和工程价值。

, correspAuthors=陈弯, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
陈弯,特设副研究员,博士,E-mail:
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特设副研究员,博士

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Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2018,107., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170297019852661059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418805417382029, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘东旭.基于FxLMS算法的汽车风噪ANC系统的研究与实现[D].重庆: 重庆邮电大学,2019.DOI:10.27675/d.cnki.gcydx.2019.001004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170297019902992708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418805417382029, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU D X. Research and implementation of automotive wind noise ANC system based on FxLMS algorithm [D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2019. 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项目 集中式 分散式 集群式
生成控制信号 8K 8K 8K
生成滤波参考信号 32KI 8KI 16KI
更新权系数 40K 16K 24K
总计算量 32KI+48K 8KI+24K 16KI+32K
), ArticleFig(id=1170297016597881092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418805417382029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

集中式、分散式和集群式四通道ANC系统在乘法方面的计算复杂度

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项目 集中式 分散式 集群式
生成控制信号 8K 8K 8K
生成滤波参考信号 32KI 8KI 16KI
更新权系数 40K 16K 24K
总计算量 32KI+48K 8KI+24K 16KI+32K
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K I 集中式 分散式 集群式
3 64 6 288 1 608 3 168
3 128 12 432 3 144 6 240
3 256 24 270 6 216 12 384
9 64 18 864 4 824 9 504
9 128 37 296 9 432 18 720
9 256 74 160 18 648 37 152
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针对不同的KI,集中式、分散式和集群式四通道ANC系统的计算量分析

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K I 集中式 分散式 集群式
3 64 6 288 1 608 3 168
3 128 12 432 3 144 6 240
3 256 24 270 6 216 12 384
9 64 18 864 4 824 9 504
9 128 37 296 9 432 18 720
9 256 74 160 18 648 37 152
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控制方式 位置 2阶降噪量 4阶降噪量 6阶降噪量
12/34 主驾 25.9 13.9 4.2
副驾 14 13.4 2.6
左后 15.2 16.8 16.1
右后 13.7 4.4 11.6
13/24 主驾 1.6 -6.4 6
副驾 1.6 4.6 5.7
左后 1 4.5 8.2
右后 2 -9.4 1.6
14/23 主驾 2.7 5.2 0.9
副驾 2.6 10.8 2.5
左后 0.8 10.9 8.2
右后 1.4 1.8 3.8
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常用工况2 600 r/min下3种集群式ANC系统降噪结果 dB(A)

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控制方式 位置 2阶降噪量 4阶降噪量 6阶降噪量
12/34 主驾 25.9 13.9 4.2
副驾 14 13.4 2.6
左后 15.2 16.8 16.1
右后 13.7 4.4 11.6
13/24 主驾 1.6 -6.4 6
副驾 1.6 4.6 5.7
左后 1 4.5 8.2
右后 2 -9.4 1.6
14/23 主驾 2.7 5.2 0.9
副驾 2.6 10.8 2.5
左后 0.8 10.9 8.2
右后 1.4 1.8 3.8
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控制方式 位置 2阶降噪量 4阶降噪量 6阶降噪量
集中式 主驾 24.7 -2.6 5
副驾 20.1 15.9 12.9
左后 14.6 7.5 10.1
右后 10.8 3.2 10.7
分散式 主驾 5 5.2 3
副驾 4 5.4 7.2
左后 1.8 15.3 19.2
右后 3 16 10.7
集群式 主驾 25.9 13.9 4.2
副驾 14 13.4 2.6
左后 15.2 16.8 16.1
右后 13.7 4.4 11.6
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常用工况2 600 r/min下3种ANC系统降噪结果 dB(A)

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控制方式 位置 2阶降噪量 4阶降噪量 6阶降噪量
集中式 主驾 24.7 -2.6 5
副驾 20.1 15.9 12.9
左后 14.6 7.5 10.1
右后 10.8 3.2 10.7
分散式 主驾 5 5.2 3
副驾 4 5.4 7.2
左后 1.8 15.3 19.2
右后 3 16 10.7
集群式 主驾 25.9 13.9 4.2
副驾 14 13.4 2.6
左后 15.2 16.8 16.1
右后 13.7 4.4 11.6
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序号 设备名称 规格型号 主要参数
1

实时

控制器

CompactRIO 9040 处理器:Intel Atom E3930;SSD:4GB;可重配置FPGA: Xilinx Kintex-77K70T
2

信号输入

模块

NI 9231

通道数目:8;

采样率:51.2 kS/s/通道

3

信号输出

模块

NI 9269

通道数目:4;

采样率:100 kS/s/通道

4 传声器 GRAS-46AE

动态范围:17 ~138 dB(A),

灵敏度:50 mV/Pa

5

数据采集

系统

SCADAS-XS-12

通道数量:12;

采样频率:51.2 kHz/通道

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主要硬件设备列表

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序号 设备名称 规格型号 主要参数
1

实时

控制器

CompactRIO 9040 处理器:Intel Atom E3930;SSD:4GB;可重配置FPGA: Xilinx Kintex-77K70T
2

信号输入

模块

NI 9231

通道数目:8;

采样率:51.2 kS/s/通道

3

信号输出

模块

NI 9269

通道数目:4;

采样率:100 kS/s/通道

4 传声器 GRAS-46AE

动态范围:17 ~138 dB(A),

灵敏度:50 mV/Pa

5

数据采集

系统

SCADAS-XS-12

通道数量:12;

采样频率:51.2 kHz/通道

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降噪量

4阶

降噪量

6阶

降噪量

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副驾右耳 28.1 9 3
左后左耳 -0.6 6.5 0.9
右后右耳 6.2 10.9 9.9
2 600 主驾左耳 30 12 10.9
副驾右耳 25.2 7.2 10.3
左后左耳 14.2 -1.7 5.9
右后右耳 24.1 8 6.1
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路试实验ANC控制测试结果 dB(A)

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发动机转速/

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误差传声器

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降噪量

4阶

降噪量

6阶

降噪量

2 100 主驾左耳 30 20.3 9.1
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左后左耳 -0.6 6.5 0.9
右后右耳 6.2 10.9 9.9
2 600 主驾左耳 30 12 10.9
副驾右耳 25.2 7.2 10.3
左后左耳 14.2 -1.7 5.9
右后右耳 24.1 8 6.1
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发动机转速/(r·min-1 误差传声器位置

2阶

降噪量

4阶

降噪量

6阶

降噪量

2 100 主驾顶棚 17.4 8.5 9.9
副驾顶棚 19 5.5 8.1
左后顶棚 9.5 11.6 2
右后顶棚 -1.6 5.4 0.4
2 600 主驾顶棚 14.1 -2.6 4
副驾顶棚 10.9 -0.2 6.3
左后顶棚 10.5 4.5 1.1
右后顶棚 8.5 2.5 8.9
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顶棚误差传声器路试实验 ANC 控制测试结果 dB(A)

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发动机转速/(r·min-1 误差传声器位置

2阶

降噪量

4阶

降噪量

6阶

降噪量

2 100 主驾顶棚 17.4 8.5 9.9
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左后顶棚 9.5 11.6 2
右后顶棚 -1.6 5.4 0.4
2 600 主驾顶棚 14.1 -2.6 4
副驾顶棚 10.9 -0.2 6.3
左后顶棚 10.5 4.5 1.1
右后顶棚 8.5 2.5 8.9
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车内集群式多通道主动噪声控制系统研究*
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邓慧萍 1, 2 , 卢炽华 1, 2 , 陈弯 1, 2 , 刘志恩 1, 2 , 罗挺 3 , 王永亮 3 , 孙孟雷 3
汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025,47(5): 970-981
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汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025, 47(5): 970-981
车内集群式多通道主动噪声控制系统研究*
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邓慧萍1, 2, 卢炽华1, 2, 陈弯1, 2 , 刘志恩1, 2, 罗挺3, 王永亮3, 孙孟雷3
作者信息
  • 1 武汉理工大学,现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 2 汽车零部件技术湖北省协同创新中心,武汉 430070
  • 3 东风汽车集团有限公司研发总院,武汉 430056

通讯作者:

陈弯,特设副研究员,博士,E-mail:
Research on Clustered Multi-channel Active Noise Control System in Car
Huiping Deng1, 2, Chihua Lu1, 2, Wan Chen1, 2 , Zhien Liu1, 2, Ting Luo3, Yongliang Wang3, Menglei Sun3
Affiliations
  • 1 Wuhan University of Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan 430070
  • 2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology,Wuhan 430070
  • 3 Dongfeng Motor Corporation Research and Development Institute,Wuhan 430056
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017
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为解决油电混合动力汽车充放电时发动机间歇介入工作,导致车内轰鸣声的问题,本文基于传统多通道主动噪声控制(active noise control, ANC)系统,通过融合集中式控制策略与分散式控制策略的优点,提出了一种综合性能较优的半耦合式集群式控制策略。集群式控制策略较集中式控制策略计算量降低50%左右,且保持着与其相当的噪声衰减性能;较分散式控制策略稳定性明显更优,降噪效果突出。基于MATLAB仿真平台对提出的车内多种集群式控制策略及传统控制策略进行了对比分析,同时基于某增程式电动车在其常用工况下开展了实车路试实验验证。结果表明集群式控制策略可较好地应用于车内多通道主动噪声控制系统,2、4、6阶增程器噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达15.9、10.6和5.7dB(A),表现出了良好的降噪效果及稳定性。研究成果可推广应用于有人舱室的噪声控制如飞机、潜艇等领域,有重要的科学意义和工程价值。

车内噪声  /  多通道主动噪声控制  /  集群式控制策略  /  低计算复杂度  /  高稳定性

In order to solve the problem of roaring sound inside the vehicle caused by intermittent engine intervention during charging and discharging of dieselelectric hybrid vehicles, in this paper a semicoupled cluster control strategy with better comprehensive performance is proposed based on the traditional multichannel active noise control (ANC) system by combining the advantages of the centralized control strategy and decentralized control strategy. Compared with the centralized control strategy, the computational cost of the cluster control strategy is reduced by about 50%, and the noise attenuation performance is comparable to that of the centralized control strategy. Compared with the decentralized control strategy, the stability is obviously better, and the noise reduction effect is outstanding. Based on the MATLAB simulation platform, a variety of cluster control strategies and traditional control strategies in the vehicle are compared and analyzed, and the road test experiments of a rangeextended electric vehicle are carried out under its common working conditions. The results show that the cluster control strategy can be well applied to the multichannel active noise control system in the vehicle, and the average noise reduction amount of the second, fourth, and sixthorder range extender noise at the four seat headrest positions can reach 15.9, 10.6 and 5.7 dB(A), respectively, showing good noise reduction effect and stability. The research results can be applied to the noise control of manned cabins, such as aircraft, submarines and other fields, which has important scientific significance and engineering value.

vehicle interior noise  /  multi-channel active noise control  /  clustered control strategy  /  low computational complexity  /  high stability
邓慧萍, 卢炽华, 陈弯, 刘志恩, 罗挺, 王永亮, 孙孟雷. 车内集群式多通道主动噪声控制系统研究*. 汽车工程, 2025 , 47 (5) : 970 -981 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017
Huiping Deng, Chihua Lu, Wan Chen, Zhien Liu, Ting Luo, Yongliang Wang, Menglei Sun. Research on Clustered Multi-channel Active Noise Control System in Car[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025 , 47 (5) : 970 -981 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017
随着人们对汽车品质要求的不断提高和汽车市场竞争的日益激烈,车内噪声已逐渐成为用户对汽车乘坐舒适性和产品满意度评价的重要指标。降低汽车噪声、提高汽车乘坐舒适性对提升汽车市场份额和汽车品牌形象至关重要[1]。ANC技术直接采用次级声源作为控制源(次级声源),生成与车内噪声(也称初级噪声或期望信号)幅值相等、相位相反的抵消噪声(次级噪声),基于干涉相消的原理实现对噪声的衰减。ANC技术不影响车辆质量和车内空间,符合汽车轻量化和高舒适性的发展趋势[2]。更重要的是,这种方法不仅对被动控制方法难以抑制的低频噪声具有显著的控制效果,其自适应特性还能实时跟踪车内噪声的变化[3-4]。ANC技术不仅在汽车领域得到了广泛的应用,在船舶、飞机和工程机械中也应用广泛[5-7]
发动机噪声是内燃机汽车舱内的主要噪声源,它含有大量的低频谐波成分。此外,它也是插电式混合动力汽车、增程式电动汽车等新能源混合动力汽车在发动机进行动力输出或行驶充电时舱内的主要噪声源,为了消除此类噪声,车内主动噪声控制成为研究热点。
针对两厢四座车而言,为实现车辆内部声场中4个座位的噪声抑制,须配备多个次级声源和误差传声器的多通道主动噪声控制系统。传统的多通道ANC系统基于集中式控制策略,具有良好的全局降噪性能[8-9]。然而,当通道数量增加时,系统的计算复杂度大大增加。此外,各通道之间存在耦合效应,一旦其中一个通道失效,可能导致整个系统失效。这两个关键因素严重制约了集中式多通道ANC系统在车辆中的实际应用。
针对多输入多输出系统,Ferrer 等[10]引入了几个分散式结构的集中式自适应算法MEFxLMS来处理无约束和约束网络;Kamaldar 等[11]提出集中和分散自适应谐波控制算法来更高效地处理多通道系统;Dong等[12]采用多节点网络来构建波域自动识别系统,并提出了一种分散式算法来降低算法计算量。分散式算法,将每个通道都看作是完全独立的,不考虑通道之间的耦合关系,仅使用相关的误差信号独立更新每个控制器的权系数,那么多个次级声源之间就会相互影响,从而降低ANC系统的降噪性能[13]。Yang等[14]利用分散式控制策略将多通道ANC系统简化为并行的单通道系统,从而削弱了多路径耦合效应。Pradhan等[15]提出了一种带有辅助滤波器的分散双通道ANC系统。通过对频率响应的整形设计辅助滤波器,使系统达到与集中式系统相似的降噪性能,但所涉及的辅助滤波器设计过程复杂,且只进行了双通道系统的研究。
以上研究均采用集中式或分散式多通道ANC系统,然而集中式多通道ANC系统虽然降噪效果良好,但是计算复杂度高,分散式多通道ANC系统计算复杂度低但降噪效果不好、稳定性差。针对以上缺点,本文围绕集中式多通道ANC系统完全耦合和分散式多通道ANC系统完全独立的控制策略,提出一种新的集群式“半耦合”控制策略,不仅有与集中式多通道ANC系统相当的降噪性能,且计算量较低、稳定性好。
针对最为实用的四座汽车,集群式控制策略将车内四通道其中两两耦合,相较于集中式控制策略,集群式控制策略的计算复杂度要低很多。为了探究集群式控制策略的降噪效果,本文在第2节对所提出的多种集群式控制策略、集中式和分散式控制策略分别进行仿真对比分析,仿真结果表明集群式控制策略在计算复杂度大大降低的前提下的确具有与集中式控制策略相当的降噪效果,且第3节的实车路试实验也印证了仿真分析的结果,集群式控制策略的确具有良好的全局降噪性能。
主动噪声控制技术通过控制算法产生抗噪声来减轻噪声,已引起人们的广泛关注。滤波最小均方(filter-x least mean square,FxLMS)算法具有良好的鲁棒性和较低的计算复杂度,是ANC应用中最常用的算法。图1为单通道自适应陷波FxLMS算法框图,其中 x k , 0 ( n ) x k , 1 ( n )分别表示余弦、正弦参考信号,dn)表示初级噪声信号,en)表示误差信号。
在该系统中,算法进行一次完整的迭代主要分为3步。
第1步生成控制信号。首先定义第k个待抵消频率 w k对应的参考信号分别为
x k , 0 ( n ) = c o s ( w k n )
x k , 1 ( n ) = s i n ( w k n )
式中k=1,2,3,4,…,K,为待抵消频率的个数。控制滤波器的输出可表示为
y k ( n ) = w k , 0 ( n ) x k , 0 ( n ) + w k , 1 ( n ) x k , 1 ( n )
y ( n ) = k = 1 K y k ( n )
式中 w k , 0 ( n ) w k , 1 ( n )分别为 x k , 0 ( n ) x k , 1 ( n )对应的权系数。
第2步,生成滤波参考信号。两参考信号经次级通路的估计 S ^ ( z )后生成滤波参考信号:
x k , 0 ' ( n ) = x k , 0 ( n ) * s ^ ( n )
x k , 1 ' ( n ) = x k , 1 ( n ) * s ^ ( n )
x k ' ( n ) = x k , 0 ' ( n ) ,   x k , 1 ' ( n )   T
式中:*表示线性卷积运算; s ^ ( n )表示 S ^ ( z )的脉冲响应函数。
第3步,更新权系数。基于FxLMS算法利用最小均方准则更新自适应陷波器权系数,于是有
w k ( n + 1 ) = w k ( n ) + 2 μ x k ' ( n ) e ( n )
式中μ为步长因子。经过多次迭代后,系统收敛,残余误差信号 e (n)达到最小值,完成对频率分量 w k的消除。
以上就是单通道窄带陷波FxLMS算法完成一次完整的权系数更新所需要的全过程。
图2为多通道ANC系统框图。该系统包括K个参考信号、M个次级声源和L个误差传声器。在每个次级声源和每个误差传声器之间都有一条次级通路,因此在这个系统中一共有M×L条次级通路,对于第k个参考信号,第m个控制器的输出为
y m k ( n ) = w m k 0 ( n ) x k 0 ( n ) + w m k 1 ( n ) x k 1 ( n )
则对于所有K个参考信号,第m个控制器的输出为
y m ( n ) = k = 1 K y m k ( n )
参考信号经次级通路滤波后的信号为
x m l k 0 ' ( n ) = i = 0 I - 1 s ^ m l k , i ( n ) x k , 0 ( n - i )
x m l k 1 ' ( n ) = i = 0 I - 1 s ^ m l k , i ( n ) x k , 1 ( n - i )
x m l k ' ( n ) = x m l k 0 ' ( n ) ,   x m l k 1 ' ( n )   T
式中 i = 0 I - 1 s ^ m l k , i ( n )是第m个次级声源和第l个误差传声器之间次级通路的脉冲响应系数的估计。
最后,对控制滤波器权系数进行更新:
w m k ( n + 1 ) = w m k ( n ) - μ l = 1 L e l ( n ) x m l k ' ( n )
对于车内四通道而言,为实现全局噪声控制,可以采用集中式多通道ANC系统,该系统需要许多次级通路模型来产生滤波后的参考信号,并需要所有误差信号来更新控制滤波器权系数,当通道数量增加时,集中式算法的计算复杂度显著增加。而分散式多通道ANC系统仅使用来自误差传声器的误差信号更新与自己对应的控制滤波器的权系数,虽然计算复杂度较小,但是各通道之间的次级噪声会相互影响,降低ANC系统的降噪性能。
本文结合集中式与分散式控制策略,基于将车内四通道两两耦合的方式,提出了3种集群式控制策略,并将在第2节中进行择优选取。
以前后排为例,考虑到车内座椅的阻隔作用,前排通道和后排通道可能存在的耦合关系较弱,即将车内前排两通道建立2×2的耦合关系,后排两通道同样建立2×2的耦合关系,而前排和后排之间相互独立,根据各位置编号将该种前后排集群控制策略记为12/34,同样的还有左右列13/24集群式控制策略和交叉式14/23集群式控制策略。具体控制方式如图3所示。
计算复杂度是评判算法好坏的重要指标之一。对于车载ANC系统,过高的计算复杂度意味着更高的硬件成本和更长的迭代运算时间,这会导致系统实时性减弱,直接影响ANC系统的降噪性能[16]
在本节中,对传统集中式、分散式和集群式3种四通道ANC系统的计算复杂度进行了分析对比。表1总结了3个系统每次迭代所需的乘法次数。此外,表2对不同KI值下系统的计算量进行了定量比较。如前所述,K表示控制频率的个数,I表示估计的次级通路的长度。
表2可以看出,与传统的集中式和分散式四通道ANC系统相比,所提出的四通道ANC系统所需的计算量要低得多。根据式(9)~式(14),容易算出:在K=3和I=128的通常情况下,集群式多通道ANC系统执行的乘法次数减少到集中式多通道ANC系统的50.19%。因此,所提出的四通道ANC系统具有相当大的计算优势,这意味着它将消耗更少的硬件资源,且在实际应用中更容易实现。
在某国产增程式电动汽车上主驾、副驾、左后和右后位置分别布置传声器,增程器常用工况2 600 r/min下采集这4个位置的噪声信号,直接作为初级噪声信号,以实车16条次级通路数据作为仿真参数进行仿真分析。
以平均降噪量 (average noise reductation,ANR) [17]和加权声压级(sound pressure level,SPL)两个指标来评价系统的降噪性能,平均降噪量ANR定义如下:
A N R = 20 l o g 10 A e ( n ) A d ( n )
式中: A e ( n ) = τ A e ( n - 1 ) + ( 1 - τ ) e 1 ( n ) A d ( n ) = τ A d ( n - 1 ) + ( 1 - τ ) d 1 ( n ),其初始值都为0,遗忘因子 τ = 0.999
声压级定义如下:
S P L = 20 l o g 10 p p r e f ( d B )
式中: p为待计算声压;pref = 2×10-5 Pa,为参考声压,在此基础上,在频域进行频谱处理得到A加权声压级,具体过程可参考MATLAB中的A加权滤波器。噪声采集时间为7 s,采样频率为4 096 Hz,16条长度为128的次级通路如图4所示。增程器工况2 600 r/min时,其2、4、6阶频率分别为87、173和260 Hz。
所有的步长都经过仔细调整达到最优,以便在系统之间提供公平的比较。3种集群式控制策略的仿真效果和ANR曲线如图5所示,具体的各阶次降噪量如表3所示。车内4个位置,其中前排的主驾位置与后排的右后位置就可以反映车内的噪声水平,所以为了节约篇幅,本文的仿真频谱图和ANR曲线都只展示前排的主驾位置与后排的右后位置,副驾位置与左后位置的降噪结果会在对应的表中进行展示。
分析图5表3可知,在车内4个目标降噪位置,3种控制策略都可以对增程器阶次噪声进行抑制;图5的ANR曲线清晰显示,12/34集群式控制策略下的降噪量在主驾和右后目标降噪位置都最大,系统收敛速度也最快。结果表明:3种集群式控制策略都具有一定的降噪效果,但是13/24与14/23集群式控制系统的2、4、6阶降噪性能明显劣于12/34集群式控制系统。分析其原因可能是由于前排座椅的空间阻隔作用,将实车空间分为了前后两个相对独立的局部空间,使得前排通道与后排通道之间耦合关系较弱,而前排两通道内部以及后排两通道内部耦合作用较强,而12/34集群式控制策略就是将前排两通道和后排两通道分别进行耦合,所以降噪效果最好。综合考虑,最终将前后排12/34集群式控制策略定为最佳的四通道系统控制方案。
为了证明提出的集群式控制策略相较于传统控制策略的优越性,本节将2.1节挑选出的最优集群式控制策略与集中式、分散式控制策略进行对比分析,其仿真参数设置与2.1节一致。图6为3种多通道ANC系统主驾和右后位置的降噪频谱对比和ANR曲线,其具体的各阶次降噪量对比如表4所示。
图6可以看到分散式控制系统的最主要阶次2阶降噪效果很有限,只有右后位置的4阶和6阶噪声降噪效果理想,由于各次级噪声之间的干涉,其它位置其它阶次的降噪效果有限,从ANR曲线图可以看出,在迭代5 000多次也就是1 s多时,两个位置都有增噪现象;从图6还可以看到集中式控制系统两个位置均有良好的降噪效果,且2阶降噪量很理想,ANR曲线图也可以直观地看出两个位置均可以收敛至稳态。通过对比发现集群式12/34与集中式各阶次降噪效果相当,尤其是最主要阶次2阶次降噪效果最优。
分析其原因是:集中式控制策略将所有误差传声器采集的误差信号用于每个子控制器的更新,使得系统具有良好的全局噪声控制效果,但当通道数增加时,系统的计算复杂度将大大增加,且由于各通道之间存在耦合效应,稳定性也将变得十分脆弱。相比之下,分散式控制策略仿真效果不佳是由于忽略了所有次级通路矩阵中的非对角元素,需要在苛刻的次级声源和误差传声器的几何配置条件下才能实现令人满意的噪声控制效果与稳定性。
然而集群式控制策略兼顾了二者的优点,利用前排座椅的空间阻隔作用,使得前排通道与后排通道之间耦合关系较弱,而前排两通道内部以及后排两通道内部耦合作用较强,而集群式控制策略就是将前排两通道和后排两通道分别进行耦合,所以降噪效果最好。仿真结果也表明了集群式控制策略在达到与集中式控制策略相当的降噪性能的前提下,计算量更低、稳定性好。
前面通过MATLAB软件进行仿真分析,初步验证了四通道集群式ANC系统的有效性。考虑到实车运行工况下声场环境更为复杂,本文进一步开展了实车多通道主动噪声控制路试实验。本文实验样车采用某款豪华增程式电动车,其实车ANC设备连接示意图如图7所示。在样车上搭建四通道 ANC 实车系统来验证集群式ANC系统的降噪性能,本次所用的主要实验器材和设备如表5所示。
设计实验方案:针对4个目标降噪位置,选择车辆常用工况2 100和2 600 r/min进行实验。在整个实验过程中,采样时间为7 s,采样频率设置为4 096 Hz。此外,为了减少实验过程中的外界干扰,特别选择了在车辆较少的时间段和路段进行实验,这样可以避免其他车辆的噪声对测试结果产生影响,该实验方法可以有效减少外界干扰[18]
在实车的四通道 ANC 系统中,4个车门次级声源作为次级声源,每个座位头枕处布置2个传声器,其中一个是监测传声器,另一个是误差传声器,车门次级声源如图8所示,误差传声器和监测传声器布置如图9所示。
集群式实车四通道ANC系统的降噪性能测试结果频谱图分别如图10图11所示,各阶次降噪量见表6。从频谱图可以看到,增程器工况2 100 r/min时ANC系统主驾和副驾的2阶降噪量达到28 dB(A)以上,只有左后位置的2阶和6阶没效果,其它位置的其它阶次降噪效果良好,车内4个位置的2、4、6阶降噪量分别可达15.9、10.6和5.7 dB(A);增程器工况2 600 r/min时ANC系统4个位置的2阶降噪量达到17 dB(A)以上,只有右后位置的4有少量增噪现象,其它位置的其它阶次降噪效果良好。
上节通过增程器两个常用工况实验,验证了误差传声器位于头枕处时集群式控制系统良好的降噪性能,然而实车量产一般不会将误差传声器单独放置在头枕处,为了更加贴近实车量产方案,将误差传声器布放在顶棚位置,监测传声器依然位于头枕处,用于监测头枕位置的噪声,监测传声器和误差传声器布放位置如图12所示,其余实验条件与3.1节中完全一致。
顶棚传声器ANC系统的降噪性能测试结果频谱图分别如图13图14所示,各阶次降噪量见表7。从频谱图和表7可以看到,增程器2 100 r/min时ANC系统主驾和副驾的2阶降噪量达到17 dB(A)以上,只有右后位置的 2 阶出现极少量增噪,其它位置的其它阶次降噪效果良好,2、4、6 阶噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达11.1、7.8和5.1 dB(A);增程器2 600 r/min时ANC系统4个位置的2阶降噪量达到 8 dB(A)以上,4阶次降噪效果一般,6阶次降噪效果良好。
本文提出了一种集群式多通道主动噪声控制系统,旨在解决新能源汽车增程器阶次噪声问题。传统的多通道ANC系统存在集中式控制策略计算量大、成本高和稳定性低以及分散式控制策略降噪效果差、稳定性低的问题。针对这些不足,本文创新性地将集中式与分散式控制策略相结合,提出了集群式控制策略,通过仿真和实车路试实验验证了其有效性。
集群式控制策略通过将车内四通道两两耦合,使系统的计算复杂度降低了50%左右,同时保持了系统的稳定性,并加快了系统收敛时间。仿真分析表明,集群式控制策略在计算复杂度降低的前提下,具有与集中式控制策略相当的降噪效果。增程式电动车的路试实验进一步证实了仿真分析的结果,特别是在前排和后排通道之间耦合关系较弱的情况下,集群式控制策略表现出良好的降噪性能。在增程器2 100 r/min时2、4、6阶噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达15.9、10.6和5.7 dB(A)。同时,通过改变误差传声器的位置,进一步模拟了实车量产方案,验证了集群式控制系统的适应性和灵活性。在顶棚误差传声器实验中,在增程器2 100 r/min时其2、4、6阶噪声在4个座椅头枕位置处的平均降噪量分别可达11.1、7.8和 5.1 dB(A)。
所提出的集群式多通道ANC系统在仿真和实车实验中都表现出了良好的降噪效果,这充分证实了其有效性和稳定性。综上所述,集群式多通道ANC系统在实际应用中展现出了良好的降噪效果,为汽车噪声控制提供了一种新的解决方案。
  • *国家自然科学基金(52405127)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFB177)
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2025年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017
  • 接收时间:2024-09-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-08
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-22
  • 修回日期:2024-11-07
基金
*国家自然科学基金(52405127)
湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFB177)
作者信息
    1 武汉理工大学,现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
    2 汽车零部件技术湖北省协同创新中心,武汉 430070
    3 东风汽车集团有限公司研发总院,武汉 430056

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陈弯,特设副研究员,博士,E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.017
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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