Article(id=1149418800472293922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=1730390400000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751972397200, onlineDateStr=2025-07-08, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751972397200, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751972397200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751972397200, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149418798794572319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1006', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751972396792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780688390, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=940, endPage=950, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149418800820421157, articleId=1149418800472293922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=EN, title=An Experimental Study of the Effect of Impact Strength and Impact Location on the Behavior and Pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats, columnId=1149805645261664296, journalTitle=Automotive Engineering, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=

In traffic accidents,the results of head injuries resulting from frontal and side impact of vehicles vary significantly,primarily due to the differing impact locations. To investigate the specific effect of impact locations on brain injuries with various impact strengths,experiments are conducted on male rats,focusing on cranial vertex and temporal lobe impact. An experimental protocol is established based on the L4 (23) orthogonal table,including impact strength and impact location factors. Rats are injured using the BIM-IV rat head impact machine. The effect of impact factors and their levels on TBI is assessed systematically by behavioral performance and pathological findings of key brain regions in rats. The results show that impact strength is the primary factor influencing head injury,but the effect of impact location is not negligible. At the same impact strength,cranial vertex impact is more likely to cause coma,motor and memory deficits,and anxiety than temporal lobe impact. Furthermore,cranial vertex impact results in higher pathological injuries than the nonimpact side of temporal lobe impact,but lower than the impact side. The linear fitting between behavioral performance and pathological results reveals that post-injury behavioral performance in rats more closely aligns with the pathological outcomes on the less injured side of the brain. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of head injury,proposing appropriate injury evaluation guidelines,and establishing effective protection strategies.

, articleAbstract=

In traffic accidents, the results of head injuries resulting from frontal and side impact of vehicles vary significantly, primarily due to the differing impact locations. To investigate the specific effect of impact locations on brain injuries with various impact strengths, experiments are conducted on male rats, focusing on cranial vertex and temporal lobe impact. An experimental protocol is established based on the L₄ (2³) orthogonal table, including impact strength and impact location factors. Rats are injured using the BIMIV rat head impact machine. The effect of impact factors and their levels on TBI is assessed systematically by behavioral performance and pathological findings of key brain regions in rats. The results show that impact strength is the primary factor influencing head injury, but the effect of impact location is not negligible. At the same impact strength, cranial vertex impact is more likely to cause coma, motor and memory deficits, and anxiety than temporal lobe impact. Furthermore, cranial vertex impact results in higher pathological injuries than the nonimpact side of temporal lobe impact, but lower than the impact side. The linear fitting between behavioral performance and pathological results reveals that postinjury behavioral performance in rats more closely aligns with the pathological outcomes on the less injured side of the brain. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of head injury, proposing appropriate injury evaluation guidelines, and establishing effective protection strategies.

, correspAuthors=Xuewei Song, Hui Zhao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Peng Wang, Xuewei Song, Jinlong Qiu, Xiyan Zhu, Nan Wang, Hui Zhao), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149418807418061448, articleId=1149418800472293922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=CN, title=撞击强度与撞击位置对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后行为和病理影响的实验研究*, columnId=1149805645391687721, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=

道路交通事故中,车辆正面碰撞与侧面碰撞所导致的头部伤害结果存在显著差异,这主要是由于撞击位置不同所致。为深入探讨不同撞击强度下头部撞击位置对伤害程度的具体影响,采用大鼠为实验对象实施了针对颅顶和颞叶部位的撞击实验。依据L4(23)正交表建立实验方案,综合考虑了撞击强度和撞击位置两个变量,利用BIM-IV型大鼠头部撞击机致伤大鼠。通过伤后大鼠的行为表现及关键脑区的病理学检测结果,系统评估撞击因素及其水平对TBI的伤害影响。实验结果显示,撞击强度是决定头部损伤程度的主导因素,但撞击位置的影响不容忽视。在相同的撞击强度下,相较于颞叶撞击,颅顶撞击更易引发大鼠的昏迷、运动与记忆功能障碍以及焦虑行为。此外,颅顶撞击所导致的病理学损伤高于颞叶撞击的非冲击侧,但低于冲击侧。行为表现与病理学结果的线性拟合分析表明,大鼠脑损伤后的行为变化与病理学检测结果较小的一侧更为吻合。本研究成果对于深入理解头部伤害机制、制定科学的伤害评价准则以及构建有效的防护策略具有重要的意义。

, articleAbstract=

道路交通事故中,车辆正面碰撞与侧面碰撞所导致的头部伤害结果存在显著差异,这主要是由于撞击位置不同所致。为深入探讨不同撞击强度下头部撞击位置对伤害程度的具体影响,采用大鼠为实验对象实施了针对颅顶和颞叶部位的撞击实验。依据L₄(2³)正交表建立实验方案,综合考虑了撞击强度和撞击位置两个变量,利用BIMIV型大鼠头部撞击机致伤大鼠。通过伤后大鼠的行为表现及关键脑区的病理学检测结果,系统评估撞击因素及其水平对TBI的伤害影响。实验结果显示,撞击强度是决定头部损伤程度的主导因素,但撞击位置的影响不容忽视。在相同的撞击强度下,相较于颞叶撞击,颅顶撞击更易引发大鼠的昏迷、运动与记忆功能障碍以及焦虑行为。此外,颅顶撞击所导致的病理学损伤高于颞叶撞击的非冲击侧,但低于冲击侧。行为表现与病理学结果的线性拟合分析表明,大鼠脑损伤后的行为变化与病理学检测结果较小的一侧更为吻合。本研究成果对于深入理解头部伤害机制、制定科学的伤害评价准则以及构建有效的防护策略具有重要的意义。

, correspAuthors=宋学伟, 赵辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
宋学伟,教授,博士,E-mail:
赵 辉,研究员,博士,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aA98Tog+r+UmTvjG3qbv1A==, magXml=Mh6DlgjMgvyIji3kLTWHiA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vOly4MuLwy7pFV/evx1RlA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Se9br+xyKGskdaxKPpZ6Tw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

教授,博士

研究员,博士

, authorsList=王鹏, 宋学伟, 邱金龙, 朱细燕, 王楠, 赵辉)}, authors=[Author(id=1170296604293608383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296604381688769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604293608383, language=EN, stringName=Peng Wang, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296604482352066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604293608383, language=CN, stringName=王鹏, firstName=鹏, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604046144436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604050338741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604058727350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000)])]), Author(id=1170296604612375492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sxw@jlu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296604704650182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604612375492, language=EN, stringName=Xuewei Song, firstName=Xuewei, middleName=null, lastName=Song, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296604805313479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604612375492, language=CN, stringName=宋学伟, firstName=学伟, middleName=null, lastName=宋, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604046144436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604050338741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604058727350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000)])]), Author(id=1170296604885005257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296604968891339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604885005257, language=EN, stringName=Jinlong Qiu, firstName=Jinlong, middleName=null, lastName=Qiu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605036000204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296604885005257, language=CN, stringName=邱金龙, firstName=金龙, middleName=null, lastName=邱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604146807735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604155196344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604163584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000)])]), Author(id=1170296605107303374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605212160976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605107303374, language=EN, stringName=Xiyan Zhu, firstName=Xiyan, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605291852753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605107303374, language=CN, stringName=朱细燕, firstName=细燕, middleName=null, lastName=朱, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604146807735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604155196344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604163584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000)])]), Author(id=1170296605350573011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605438653397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605350573011, language=EN, stringName=Nan Wang, firstName=Nan, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Department of Radiology,The First Bethune Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605526733782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605350573011, language=CN, stringName=王楠, firstName=楠, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 吉林大学白求恩第一医院放射科,长春 130000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604226499514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604230693819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604226499514, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Radiology,The First Bethune Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604239082428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604226499514, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 吉林大学白求恩第一医院放射科,长春 130000)])]), Author(id=1170296605602231256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=box.zhaohui@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605665145818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605602231256, language=EN, stringName=Hui Zhao, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296605736448987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, authorId=1170296605602231256, language=CN, stringName=赵辉, firstName=辉, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604146807735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604155196344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604163584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1170296605895832540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=traumatic brain injury), Keyword(id=1170296605962941405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=behavioral performance), Keyword(id=1170296606009078750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=pathological results), Keyword(id=1170296606067799007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=impact location), Keyword(id=1170296606130713568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=analysis of variance), Keyword(id=1170296606189433825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=创伤性颅脑损伤), Keyword(id=1170296606290097122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=行为学表现), Keyword(id=1170296606361400291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=病理学结果), Keyword(id=1170296606432703460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=撞击位置), Keyword(id=1170296606524978149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=方差分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1170296611247763461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RICHARDS D C. Relationship between speed and risk of fatal injury: pedestrians and car occupants[J]. Highway Safety,2010,16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611377786886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COURNOYER J,HOSHIZAKI T B. Head dynamic response and brain tissue deformation for boxing punches with and without loss of consciousness[J]. Clinical Biomechanics,2019,67:96-101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611486838791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BLENNOW K,HARDY J,ZETTERBERG H. The neuropathology and neurobiology of traumatic brain injury[J]. Neuron,2012,76(5):886-899., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611541364744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LING H,HARDY J,ZETTERBERG H. Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports[J]. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience,2015,66:114-122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611604279305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BECKWITH J G,GREENWALD R M,CHU J J,et al. Timing of concussion diagnosis is related to head impact exposure prior to injury[J]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,2013,45(4):747-754., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611662999562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹铁方,肖璟,胡林,等. 轿车-行人事故中人体损伤来源与相关性分析[J]. 汽车工程,2017,39(7): 748-753,747., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611759468555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU T F,XIAO J,HU L,et al. Human-body injury sources and correlation analysis on car-pedestrian accidents[J]. Automotive Engineering,2017,39(7):748-753,747., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611860131852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L,YANG K H,KING A I. Comparison of brain responses between frontal and lateral impacts by finite element modeling[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2001,18(1):21-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296611939823629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU R,LI Y,CAVANAUGH J M,et al. Investigate the variations of the head and brain response in a rodent head impact acceleration model by finite element modeling[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2020,8:172., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612032098318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y,ZHANG L,KALLAKURI S,et al. Quantitative relationship between axonal injury and mechanical response in a rodent head impact acceleration model[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2011,28(9):1767-1782., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612128567311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG Y,MAHMOOD A,CHOPP M. Animal models of traumatic brain injury[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2013,14 (2):128-142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612208259088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEBER B,LACKNER I,HAFFNER-LUNTZER M,et al. Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider[J]. Journal of Translational Medicine,2019,17(1)., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612287950865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王岩,徐晓庆,刘博涵,等. 碰撞车速与车辆类型对行人运动和损伤耦合影响的研究[J]. 汽车工程,2015,37(3): 276-283., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612489277458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y,XU X Q,LIU B H,et al. A study on the coupling influence of impact speed and vehicle type on the movement and injury of pedestrian[J]. Automotive Engineering,2015,37(3): 276-283., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612568969235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUHAIME A,BECKWITH J G,MAERLENDER A C,et al. Spectrum of acute clinical characteristics of diagnosed concussions in college athletes wearing instrumented helmets[J]. Journal of Neurosurgery,2012,117(6):1092-1099., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612657049620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROWSON S,DUMA S M. Development of the STAR evaluation system for football helmets: integrating player head impact exposure and risk of concussion[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2011,39(8): 2130-2140., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612724158485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毛征宇,李泽民,牛文鑫,等. 不同载荷作用下头部生物力学响应仿真分析[J]. 医用生物力学,2016,31(6): 532-539., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612837404694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAO Z Y,LI Z M,NIU W X,et al. Simulation analysis of head biomechanical response under different loading conditions[J]. Medical Biomechanics,2016,31(6): 532-539., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296612929679383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MYCHASIUK R,HEHAR H,CANDY S,et al. The direction of the acceleration and rotational forces associated with mild traumatic brain injury in rodents effect behavioural and molecular outcomes[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods,2016,257:168-178., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613026148376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王国祥,朱林娜,王讯,等. 轻度创伤型大鼠颅脑前后向-侧向碰撞HIC值等效研究[J]. 医用生物力学,2024,39(4): 730-735., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613097451545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG G X,ZHU L N,WANG X,et al. HIC value of mild traumatic rats under anterior-posterior and lateral-medial craniocerebral impact: an equivalent study[J]. Medical Biomechanics,2024,39(4): 730-735., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613189726234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HODGSON V R,THOMAS L M,KHALIL T B. The role of impact location in reversible cerebral concussion[C]. SAE Paper 831618., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613252640795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SULLIVAN S,EUCKER S A,GABRIELI D,et al. White matter tract-oriented deformation predicts traumatic axonal brain injury and reveals rotational direction-specific vulnerabilities[J]. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology,2015,14(4): 877-896., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613319749660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H,ZHU X,LIAO Z,et al. Novel-graded traumatic brain injury model in rats induced by closed head impacts[J]. Neuropathology,2018,38 (5): 484-492., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613386858525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAMJOSHI D R,CHENG W,MCINNES K A,et al. Merging pathology with biomechanics using CHIMERA (closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration): a novel,surgery-free model of traumatic brain injury[J]. Molecular Neurodegeneration,2014,9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613487521822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAGGE C A,FISHER A M,MINAEVA O V,et al. Concussion,microvascular injury,and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model[J]. Brain,2018,141(2): 422-458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613554630687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KILBOURNE M,KUEHN R,TOSUN C,et al. Novel model of frontal impact closed head injury in the rat[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2009,26(12):2233-2243., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613634322464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任露泉. 试验优化设计与分析[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613688848417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN L Q. Experimental optimization design and analysis [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613739180066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAVLOVIC D,PEKIC S,STOJANOVIC M,et al. Traumatic brain injury: neuropathological,neurocognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae[J]. Pituitary,2019,22(3): 270-282., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613839843363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AZOUVI P,ARNOULD A,DROMER E,et al. Neuropsychology of traumatic brain injury: an expert overview[J]. Revue Neurologique,2017,173(7-8): 461-472., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296613902757924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIPPERT-GRÜNER M,WEDEKIND C,KLUG N. Outcome of prolonged coma following severe traumatic brain injury[J]. Brain Injury,2003,17(1): 49-54., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614024392741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WALF A A,FRYE C A. The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents[J]. Nature Protocol,2007,2(2): 322-328., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614099890214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TUCKER L B,VELOSKY A G,MCCABE J T. Applications of the morris water maze in translational traumatic brain injury research[J]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,2018: 187-200., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614154416167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG-BRYANT Y,LEUNG L Y,MADATHIL S,et al. Chronic cognitive deficits and associated histopathology following closed-head concussive injury in rats[J]. Frontiers in Neurology,2019,10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614208942120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TSUDA S,HOU J,NELSON R L,et al. Prolonged hippocampal cell death following closed-head traumatic brain injury in rats[J]. Neuroreport,2016,27(10): 724-729., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614313799721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HALL A N B,JOSEPH B,BRELSFOARD J M,et al. Repeated closed head injury in mice results in sustained motor and memory deficits and chronic cellular changes[J]. Plos One,2016,11(7): e0159442., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614376714282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAPLAN G B,LEITE-MORRIS K A,WANG L,et al. Pathophysiological bases of comorbidity: traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2018,35 (2): 210-225., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614448017451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG J F,ZHAO X,GURKOFF G G,et al. Post-traumatic hypoxia exacerbates neuronal cell death in the hippocampus[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2012,29(6): 1167-1179., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614527709228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WITGEN B M,LIFSHITZ J,GRADY M S. Inbred mouse strains as a tool to analyze hippocampal neuronal loss after brain injury: a stereological study[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2006,23(9): 1320-1329., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614611595309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOFFMAN A N,PAODE P R,MAY H G,et al. Early and persistent dendritic hypertrophy in the basolateral amygdala following experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2017,34 (1):213-219., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614670315566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CREED J A,DILEONARDI A M,FOX D P,et al. Concussive brain trauma in the mouse results in acute cognitive deficits and sustained impairment of axonal function[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2011,28(4): 547-563., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296614750007343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SMITH D H,NONAKA M,MILLER R,et al. Immediate coma following inertial brain injury dependent on axonal damage in the brainstem[J]. Journal of Neurosurgery,2000,93(2):315-322., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1170296611012882435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, awardId=52172404, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家自然科学基金(52172404), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1170296611092574212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, awardId=CSC202306170092, language=CN, fundingSource=国家留学基金(CSC202306170092), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296604046144436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604050338741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604058727350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604046144436, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1170296604146807735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604155196344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604163584953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604146807735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1170296604226499514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604230693819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604226499514, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Radiology,The First Bethune Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130000), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296604239082428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, companyId=1170296604226499514, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 吉林大学白求恩第一医院放射科,长春 130000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1170296606722110438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=u9ICHPx3FQx1DTcq77P3Sg==, figureFileBig=JC68sCzZXMLqD1ZEs6vTEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296606839550951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大鼠头部致伤示意图:(a) 致伤装置,①压力调节器,②亚克力盒,③海绵,④冲击气缸,⑤撞击杆,⑥弹力网,⑦控制开关,⑧高速相机;(b) 颅顶撞击位置;(c) 颞叶部撞击位置。, figureFileSmall=u9ICHPx3FQx1DTcq77P3Sg==, figureFileBig=JC68sCzZXMLqD1ZEs6vTEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296606889882600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SEhcdOOXev1vPRVkUjq/Xw==, figureFileBig=MzOgPUqBSk6AOKRV0iOy6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607003128809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图2, caption=撞击速度曲线, figureFileSmall=SEhcdOOXev1vPRVkUjq/Xw==, figureFileBig=MzOgPUqBSk6AOKRV0iOy6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607124763626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EGv+U7cMwlcsurWNnBz72g==, figureFileBig=uOtP2m+WQm8gVNwxK6VSeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607183483883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大鼠LRR和mNSS过程及结果:(a) mNSS实验过程;(b) LRR对比;(c) mNSS对比。

注:#表示不同致伤组之间的差异的显著性程度,* 表示致伤组与对照组差异的显著性程度,sham代表对照组(下同)。

, figureFileSmall=EGv+U7cMwlcsurWNnBz72g==, figureFileBig=uOtP2m+WQm8gVNwxK6VSeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607258981356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hE68OAhD++dVtHWV4jk7fw==, figureFileBig=e/3gPnPI9sj/0+WWLDqRuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607443530733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图4, caption=EPM装置和大鼠在开放臂和闭合臂时间分布:(a) EPM装置;(b) 对照组大鼠在EPM中活动时间分布;(c)-(f) 致伤组大鼠在EPM中活动时间分布;(g) 对照组和致伤组大鼠停留在开放臂时间的对比。, figureFileSmall=hE68OAhD++dVtHWV4jk7fw==, figureFileBig=e/3gPnPI9sj/0+WWLDqRuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607498056686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZruNFoxgFmqSkTRMa2fPkw==, figureFileBig=+i9Bw4YfsPgIBqNT7rHQ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607732937711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MWM装置和大鼠找到隐藏平台路径及时间分布:(a) MWM装置;(b) 对照组大鼠找到隐藏平台路径;(c)-(f) 致伤组大鼠找到隐藏平台路径; (g)对照组和致伤组大鼠找到隐藏平台时间的对比。, figureFileSmall=ZruNFoxgFmqSkTRMa2fPkw==, figureFileBig=+i9Bw4YfsPgIBqNT7rHQ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296607921681392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uY+GatSctqZ/7u2/AdJd/Q==, figureFileBig=GieJNqTN4+/GdBF2kitHQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296608315945969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图6, caption=海马体和杏仁核检测位置及对照组和致伤组之间的细胞损伤对比:(a) 病理切面位置;(b) 海马体和杏仁核位置分布;(c)-(f) 对照组和致伤组大鼠海马体和杏仁核细胞形态对比;(g)对照组和致伤组大鼠海马体细胞数量统计;(h)对照组和致伤组大鼠杏仁核细胞数量统计。, figureFileSmall=uY+GatSctqZ/7u2/AdJd/Q==, figureFileBig=GieJNqTN4+/GdBF2kitHQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296608517272562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KoB56uXd1MiLJhC6kiL+mg==, figureFileBig=Pnj9QoHi+zvejnupkcEmGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296608882177011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图7, caption=胼胝体和脑干检测位置及对照组和致伤组之间的DAI损伤对比:(a) 病理切面位置;(b) 胼胝体位置;(c) 脑干位置;(d)-(e) 对照组和致伤组大鼠胼胝体和脑干DAI染色对比;(f) 对照组和致伤组大鼠胼胝体DAI面积百分比统计;(g) 对照组和致伤组大鼠脑干DAI面积百分比统计。, figureFileSmall=KoB56uXd1MiLJhC6kiL+mg==, figureFileBig=Pnj9QoHi+zvejnupkcEmGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609112863732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sA9vczFKDKQgiIYhjMzngw==, figureFileBig=dxO4ewALtQ6+U3c4PMYIpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609188361205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图8, caption=大鼠海马体和杏仁核细胞丢失百分比与MWM和EPM线性拟合结果, figureFileSmall=sA9vczFKDKQgiIYhjMzngw==, figureFileBig=dxO4ewALtQ6+U3c4PMYIpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609263858678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vt+hhOtSiOynalkYWuAs5Q==, figureFileBig=fBSJIb53hTBC3pbwSjGoDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609326773239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图9, caption=颅顶部和颞叶部撞击对TBI的影响程度对比: (a) 以行为学结果为指标的对比;(b) 以病理结果为指标的对比。, figureFileSmall=vt+hhOtSiOynalkYWuAs5Q==, figureFileBig=fBSJIb53hTBC3pbwSjGoDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609393882104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VAMHIyK9cBKuO2nEwvJF4g==, figureFileBig=pacAzeHd5riduwEOnS1Eng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609452602361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=图10, caption=撞击强度与撞击位置的贡献率对比:(a) 以行为学结果为指标的对比;(b) 以病理结果为指标的对比。, figureFileSmall=VAMHIyK9cBKuO2nEwvJF4g==, figureFileBig=pacAzeHd5riduwEOnS1Eng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296609553265658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 A(撞击位置) B(撞击强度) C(空列) y i
1 1(颅顶) 1(0.3 MPa) 1 y 1
2 1(颅顶) 2(0.7 MPa) 2 y 2
3 2(颞叶) 1(0.3 MPa) 3 y 3
4 2(颞叶) 2(0.7 MPa) 4 y 4
y ¯ j 1 y ¯ A 1 = y 1 + y 2 2 y ¯ B 1 = y 1 + y 3 2 y ¯ C 1 = y 1 + y 4 2
y ¯ j 2 y ¯ A 2 = y 3 + y 4 2 y ¯ B 2 = y 2 + y 4 2 y ¯ C 2 = y 2 + y 3 2
y ¯ y ¯ = i = 1 4 y i 4
S j S j = b a k = 1 b y j k 2 - 1 a i = 1 a y i 2 S = i = 1 a y i - y ¯ 2
S e = S e 1 + S e 2 S e 1 = S - S A - S B S e 2 = i = 1 a r = 1 T y i r - y ¯ i 2
f j f j = b - 1 f = a - 1 f e 1 = f c
f e 2 = a T - 1 f e = f e 1 + f e 2
β j β j = ( S j - f j × ( S e / f e ) ) / S × 100 %
F j F j = S j / f j S e / f e
α j α j是根据 F j的值查表F表获得
C v C v= σ e ̑ / y ¯ σ e ̑= S e / f e
), ArticleFig(id=1170296609674900475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验方案与方差分析计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 A(撞击位置) B(撞击强度) C(空列) y i
1 1(颅顶) 1(0.3 MPa) 1 y 1
2 1(颅顶) 2(0.7 MPa) 2 y 2
3 2(颞叶) 1(0.3 MPa) 3 y 3
4 2(颞叶) 2(0.7 MPa) 4 y 4
y ¯ j 1 y ¯ A 1 = y 1 + y 2 2 y ¯ B 1 = y 1 + y 3 2 y ¯ C 1 = y 1 + y 4 2
y ¯ j 2 y ¯ A 2 = y 3 + y 4 2 y ¯ B 2 = y 2 + y 4 2 y ¯ C 2 = y 2 + y 3 2
y ¯ y ¯ = i = 1 4 y i 4
S j S j = b a k = 1 b y j k 2 - 1 a i = 1 a y i 2 S = i = 1 a y i - y ¯ 2
S e = S e 1 + S e 2 S e 1 = S - S A - S B S e 2 = i = 1 a r = 1 T y i r - y ¯ i 2
f j f j = b - 1 f = a - 1 f e 1 = f c
f e 2 = a T - 1 f e = f e 1 + f e 2
β j β j = ( S j - f j × ( S e / f e ) ) / S × 100 %
F j F j = S j / f j S e / f e
α j α j是根据 F j的值查表F表获得
C v C v= σ e ̑ / y ¯ σ e ̑= S e / f e
), ArticleFig(id=1170296609821701116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
撞击位置 撞击强度/MPa LRR/min mNSS/分 EPM/s MWM/s
颅顶 0.3 4.7±0.5 2.8±0.8 80.6±6.6 25.9±3.1
颞叶 3.5±0.5 1.4±0.5 109.4±7.6 19.6±2.9
颅顶 0.7 23.9±1.9 7.5±0.9 19.2±4.2 52±5.2
颞叶 10.8±1.5 3.8±0.8 50±5.6 33.4±3.4
), ArticleFig(id=1170296609993667581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同撞击位置与强度组合下的大鼠行为学结果 Mean±SD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
撞击位置 撞击强度/MPa LRR/min mNSS/分 EPM/s MWM/s
颅顶 0.3 4.7±0.5 2.8±0.8 80.6±6.6 25.9±3.1
颞叶 3.5±0.5 1.4±0.5 109.4±7.6 19.6±2.9
颅顶 0.7 23.9±1.9 7.5±0.9 19.2±4.2 52±5.2
颞叶 10.8±1.5 3.8±0.8 50±5.6 33.4±3.4
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610190799870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
撞击位置

撞击强度/

MPa

海马体/

%

杏仁核/

%

胼胝体/

%

脑干/%
颅顶 0.3 13±4 27±7 17±5 10±2
15±3 26±6
颞部 11±5 16±8 8±4 7±2
35±8 47±9
颅顶 0.7 43±7 56±8 41±6 36±6
43±7 55±10
颞部 27±7 50±7 18±7 18±6
50±7 69±8
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610417292287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同撞击位置与强度组合下的病理检测结果统计(Mean±SD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
撞击位置

撞击强度/

MPa

海马体/

%

杏仁核/

%

胼胝体/

%

脑干/%
颅顶 0.3 13±4 27±7 17±5 10±2
15±3 26±6
颞部 11±5 16±8 8±4 7±2
35±8 47±9
颅顶 0.7 43±7 56±8 41±6 36±6
43±7 55±10
颞部 27±7 50±7 18±7 18±6
50±7 69±8
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610547315712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 A B A B A B A B
指标 LRR mNSS EPM MWM
y ¯ j 1 14.27 4.07 5.1 2.1 49.9 95 38.5 22.3
y ¯ j 2 7.15 17.35 2.6 5.6 79.7 34.6 26.57 42.7
β j 15.58% 63.79% 28.36% 58.81% 15.7% 76.53% 12.36% 57.44%
α j 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.05
Cv 28.51% 21.09% 20.45% 25.64%
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610664755200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

行为学指标的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 A B A B A B A B
指标 LRR mNSS EPM MWM
y ¯ j 1 14.27 4.07 5.1 2.1 49.9 95 38.5 22.3
y ¯ j 2 7.15 17.35 2.6 5.6 79.7 34.6 26.57 42.7
β j 15.58% 63.79% 28.36% 58.81% 15.7% 76.53% 12.36% 57.44%
α j 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.05
Cv 28.51% 21.09% 20.45% 25.64%
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610761224193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 A B A B A B A B
海马体 杏仁核 胼胝体 脑干
y ¯ j 1 26.8 12.5 41.6 21.4 39.1 22.7 23.2 8.5
25.9 22.9 40.3 36.5
y ¯ j 2 19.6 33.9 32.8 53.0 23.3 39.8 12.5 27.2
43.1 46.9 58.2 62.0
β j 3.7% 78.4% 2.0% 86.8% 35.2% 41.8% 17.5% 64.2%
21.1% 57.1% 26.8% 59.8%
α j 0.1 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01
Cv 24.1% 20.2% 15.7% 27.4%
22.4% 15.7%
), ArticleFig(id=1170296610853498882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800472293922, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

病理指标的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 A B A B A B A B
海马体 杏仁核 胼胝体 脑干
y ¯ j 1 26.8 12.5 41.6 21.4 39.1 22.7 23.2 8.5
25.9 22.9 40.3 36.5
y ¯ j 2 19.6 33.9 32.8 53.0 23.3 39.8 12.5 27.2
43.1 46.9 58.2 62.0
β j 3.7% 78.4% 2.0% 86.8% 35.2% 41.8% 17.5% 64.2%
21.1% 57.1% 26.8% 59.8%
α j 0.1 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 0.05 0.01
Cv 24.1% 20.2% 15.7% 27.4%
22.4% 15.7%
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119049450201092, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程, nameEn=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-680X, eissn=, cn=11-2221/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Auto Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1755587219741, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, picEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1164580465202643295, language=CN, name=汽车工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219763, updatedTime=1755587219763, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1164580465248780640, language=EN, name=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219774, updatedTime=1755587219774, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146120084050784272, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202387206565, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112776, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500958911, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622315115540535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782500294, updateTime=1751782500294, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315094569012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782500289, updateTime=1751782500289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315081986099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1751782500286, updateTime=1751782500286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315107151926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782500292, updateTime=1751782500292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315102957621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782500291, updateTime=1751782500291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155829970321686531, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753500939211, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500939211, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155830904879702095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753501162023, updateTime=1753501162023, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904858730572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753501162018, updateTime=1753501162018, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904837759051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1753501162013, updateTime=1753501162013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904875507790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753501162022, updateTime=1753501162022, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904867119181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753501162020, updateTime=1753501162020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Engineering, journalPhotoCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPhotoEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
撞击强度与撞击位置对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后行为和病理影响的实验研究*
收藏切换
PDF下载
王鹏 1 , 宋学伟 1 , 邱金龙 2 , 朱细燕 2 , 王楠 3 , 赵辉 2
汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025,47(5): 940-950
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025, 47(5): 940-950
撞击强度与撞击位置对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后行为和病理影响的实验研究*
全屏
王鹏1, 宋学伟1 , 邱金龙2, 朱细燕2, 王楠3, 赵辉2
作者信息
  • 1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000
  • 2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000
  • 3 吉林大学白求恩第一医院放射科,长春 130000

通讯作者:

宋学伟,教授,博士,E-mail:
赵 辉,研究员,博士,E-mail:
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Impact Strength and Impact Location on the Behavior and Pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Peng Wang1, Xuewei Song1 , Jinlong Qiu2, Xiyan Zhu2, Nan Wang3, Hui Zhao2
Affiliations
  • 1 Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130000
  • 2 Department of Military Traffic Injury Prevention and Control,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400000
  • 3 Department of Radiology,The First Bethune Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130000
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014
文章导航
收藏切换

道路交通事故中,车辆正面碰撞与侧面碰撞所导致的头部伤害结果存在显著差异,这主要是由于撞击位置不同所致。为深入探讨不同撞击强度下头部撞击位置对伤害程度的具体影响,采用大鼠为实验对象实施了针对颅顶和颞叶部位的撞击实验。依据L₄(2³)正交表建立实验方案,综合考虑了撞击强度和撞击位置两个变量,利用BIMIV型大鼠头部撞击机致伤大鼠。通过伤后大鼠的行为表现及关键脑区的病理学检测结果,系统评估撞击因素及其水平对TBI的伤害影响。实验结果显示,撞击强度是决定头部损伤程度的主导因素,但撞击位置的影响不容忽视。在相同的撞击强度下,相较于颞叶撞击,颅顶撞击更易引发大鼠的昏迷、运动与记忆功能障碍以及焦虑行为。此外,颅顶撞击所导致的病理学损伤高于颞叶撞击的非冲击侧,但低于冲击侧。行为表现与病理学结果的线性拟合分析表明,大鼠脑损伤后的行为变化与病理学检测结果较小的一侧更为吻合。本研究成果对于深入理解头部伤害机制、制定科学的伤害评价准则以及构建有效的防护策略具有重要的意义。

创伤性颅脑损伤  /  行为学表现  /  病理学结果  /  撞击位置  /  方差分析

In traffic accidents, the results of head injuries resulting from frontal and side impact of vehicles vary significantly, primarily due to the differing impact locations. To investigate the specific effect of impact locations on brain injuries with various impact strengths, experiments are conducted on male rats, focusing on cranial vertex and temporal lobe impact. An experimental protocol is established based on the L₄ (2³) orthogonal table, including impact strength and impact location factors. Rats are injured using the BIMIV rat head impact machine. The effect of impact factors and their levels on TBI is assessed systematically by behavioral performance and pathological findings of key brain regions in rats. The results show that impact strength is the primary factor influencing head injury, but the effect of impact location is not negligible. At the same impact strength, cranial vertex impact is more likely to cause coma, motor and memory deficits, and anxiety than temporal lobe impact. Furthermore, cranial vertex impact results in higher pathological injuries than the nonimpact side of temporal lobe impact, but lower than the impact side. The linear fitting between behavioral performance and pathological results reveals that postinjury behavioral performance in rats more closely aligns with the pathological outcomes on the less injured side of the brain. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of head injury, proposing appropriate injury evaluation guidelines, and establishing effective protection strategies.

traumatic brain injury  /  behavioral performance  /  pathological results  /  impact location  /  analysis of variance
王鹏, 宋学伟, 邱金龙, 朱细燕, 王楠, 赵辉. 撞击强度与撞击位置对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后行为和病理影响的实验研究*. 汽车工程, 2025 , 47 (5) : 940 -950 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014
Peng Wang, Xuewei Song, Jinlong Qiu, Xiyan Zhu, Nan Wang, Hui Zhao. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Impact Strength and Impact Location on the Behavior and Pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025 , 47 (5) : 940 -950 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014
在道路交通事故中,车辆正面碰撞与侧面碰撞所导致的创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)的结果有很大不同,这是由于正面碰撞的主要工况是额头与前部内饰接触,而侧面碰撞则是颞叶与侧围内饰接触,两种头部伤害撞击位置不同所致。尽管在汽车正面碰撞和侧面碰撞法规中都以HIC(<1000)作为伤害评价阈值,但在真实发生的头部伤害事故中,这两种碰撞类型对关键脑区的损伤程度以及患者的临床表现却有大差异[1-2]。类似的情况也出现在体育运动中[3-5]。然而,由于伦理的限制,直接对人类进行TBI实验研究不可行。交通事故调查及仿真分析虽然能提供具体的伤亡数据和部分力学响应指标,但无法全面评估TBI后的行为变化及细胞层面的损伤证据[6-7]。因此,采用动物模型尤其是啮齿类动物模型,如大鼠,进行TBI的实验方法探讨及伤害机理研究的手段显得尤为重要[8-10]。得益于其成本低廉、易于饲养管理、体形较大(相较于小鼠更便于实验操作)以及与人类在生理和病理反应上的高度相似性,大鼠已经成为研究TBI病理机制及评估治疗策略的理想工具[8-911]
TBI伤害结果与作用于头部的机械载荷强度密切相关[12-15],通常情况下,载荷强度越大,造成的伤害也就越严重。然而,相同强度的机械载荷作用下,由于撞击位置的不同,TBI的结果也可能呈现出显著的差异性[16-17]。一个鲜明的例子是拳击比赛中,侧勾拳往往比直拳更容易导致对手陷入昏迷[2]。同样,在道路交通事故中,时速30英里侧面碰撞导致的死亡率大约是正向撞击的8倍[1],这进一步凸显了撞击位置在TBI中的关键作用。在动物实验中也有类似的结果[18]。这种差异可能与大脑结构的非对称性有关,不同撞击位置可能会对特定的神经功能中枢造成不同的伤害[19]。因此,深入研究不同撞击强度下的撞击位置对TBI影响,对理解机械载荷如何导致大脑伤害、提供交通事故及体育伤害中的救治措施以及开发更有效的保护装置都具有重要的意义。
关于撞击位置对TBI影响的研究,主要聚焦于颅顶撞击与颞叶部撞击[8-920-22],同时也涉及前部撞击的情形,后者通过在大鼠颧骨上沿冠状面法线方向施加力量来实现[23]。颅顶撞击会引发大鼠头部在矢状面的加速运动,导致动物陷入昏迷,并伴有运动功能、认知及情绪方面的缺陷。这些行为上的变化,揭示了诸如海马体等关键脑区存在损伤,具体表现为炎症反应、胼胝体轴突断裂等病理改变[920-21]。相比之下,颞叶部撞击则促使大鼠头部在水平面方向加速运动,导致动物出现运动平衡障碍等缺陷。这些行为缺陷与皮质区星形胶质细胞增多、海马区域细胞损伤等关键脑区的病理变化密切相关[22]。对比颅顶与颞叶部撞击所致大脑损伤的差异,颅顶撞击导致的大鼠认知缺陷程度高于颞叶部撞击,在前额叶皮质和海马体中检测到的神经炎症因子水平显著升高,这进一步证实了颅顶撞击对认知功能的严重影响[16]。然而,在锥体束的轴索损伤方面,颞叶部撞击造成的损伤程度却比颅顶撞击更为严重[17]。此外,人类和大鼠的头部有限元模型也被广泛应用于研究颅顶撞击后颅脑的力学响应与病理损伤结果之间的潜在联系[79]。这些信息对于深入理解撞击强度与撞击位置对行为缺陷的影响,以及关键脑区病理损伤的变化具有重要的参考价值。
当前,撞击位置对TBI影响的研究领域主要局限于颅顶或颞叶部单独撞击后的行为变化与病理特征方面[92022]。在为数不多的颅顶与颞叶部撞击致大脑损伤差异的对比研究中,也仅聚焦于头部损伤的某一特定方面,例如伤后大脑蛋白因子的表达变化或对头部损伤标准的补充探讨[16-17],而未能给出不同伤害强度下各因素的贡献程度,也未深入剖析行为与病理一致性背后的潜在机制。鉴于此,本研究致力于通过对比分析颅顶与颞叶部在不同撞击强度下的行为与病理结果差异,量化撞击强度与撞击位置对TBI结果的贡献率,并探究关键功能区的病理结果与行为学表现之间的一致性。本研究对于深入探究头部伤害机理、提出科学的评价准则以及建立合理的防护策略具有重要的理论与实践意义。
动物实验设计、实验过程及动物处死方法,均获得第三军医大学实验动物福利伦理审查委员会批准(编号:AMUWEC20211800),符合动物伦理和动物福利要求。
本文利用大鼠开展撞击强度与撞击位置对TBI影响的实验研究。利用BIM-IV型动物头部撞击机[20],依照文献选择能够产生轻度和重度TBI所对应撞击速度[920]的气压强度(0.3和0.7 MPa),分别在颅顶[20](cranial vertex,Cr)和颞叶部[22](temporal lobe,Te)进行撞击,以模拟从轻微损伤到严重损伤的不同情况。根据实验因素和水平,选取L4(23)正交表建立撞击位置和撞击强度的二因素二水平实验方案,如表1所示[24]。以行为学和病理检测结果为指标,应用方差分析分别计算撞击位置与撞击强度对评价指标影响的偏差平方和、自由度等,以此评估因素对指标的贡献度、因素水平之间的差异和实验误差等(所用计算公式详见表1)。
实验采用成年雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠,包括1个对照组和4个致伤组,每组5只。大鼠饲养在室内温度恒定24 ℃,光照周期12 h的环境中。实验开始12 h前,大鼠自由饮食和饮水,实验12 h内大鼠只饮水。实验过程中致伤组有3只大鼠死亡,补充后完成实验。实验最终采用的大鼠数量为28只,体质量295±13 g。
表1中,第1列为实验组别,A列安排撞击位置的水平,B列安排撞击强度的水平,C列为空列。 y i为指标值( i = 1,2 , 3,4), y ¯ A 1 y ¯ B 1 y ¯ C 1分别为因素A、B和C在1水平下的指标均值, y ¯ A 2 y ¯ B 2 y ¯ C 2分别为A、B、C因素在2水平下的指标均值, y ¯为指标均值。 S j为因素列偏差平方和( j分别为A因素、B因素和C因素), a为正交试验次数, b为水平值, k为水平值( k = 1,2), S为总偏差平方和, S e为总实验误差偏差平方和, S e 1为实验误差偏差平方和, S e 2为重复实验误差偏差平方和。 f j为因素的自由度, f为总自由度, f e 1为实验误差自由度, f e 2为重复实验误差自由度, T为重复实验次数, β j为因素贡献率, F j是因素的F检验值, α j为因素置信度, C v为变异系数,是实验误差的评估值 σ e ^与指标均值 y ¯的比值  
采用BIM-IV型气压撞击机,按照表1的实验方案进行测试,如图1(a)所示。撞击时,大鼠以俯卧位(见图1(b))或右侧卧位(见图1(c))放置在海绵上并用胶带固定,头部支撑在弹力网上。分别调整撞击机气压为0.3和0.7 MPa进行预打击测试,记录两个气压下的速度变化曲线,如图2所示,其峰值速度分别为3.95±0.12和6.94±0.31 m/s,这个速度与文献[9]和文献[20]中的轻度与重度伤害对应的速度一致。需要注意的是,人类及多数哺乳动物的大脑普遍呈现出左右对称的特点,为此,本研究在颞叶部撞击时选择对大鼠头部的右侧进行撞击。
使用异氟烷对将要实验的大鼠麻醉,起始输入浓度为2%,3~5 min后逐渐增加至4.0%~5.0%,通过挤压大鼠脚趾确认麻醉效果以确保动物无痛状态下进行实验。根据实验方案调整气压,触发开关,完成致伤。致伤后,迅速取出大鼠,记录大鼠抽搐及呼吸暂停时间,当呼吸暂停时间超过30 s时,对大鼠进行抢救。对照组的大鼠除了不致伤,其余的准备过程也跟上述一致。
TBI后最直观的反应是行为变化,主要包括昏迷、失忆、运动功能丧失、记忆或情绪缺陷等[25-26],严重的甚至会导致长期昏迷乃至死亡[27]。利用啮齿类动物进行TBI后的行为学评估时,可以通过一系列伤后的行为学测试来评估其行为变化。
在伤后即刻对大鼠进行翻正反射实验(loss of righting reflex,LRR)测试,记录大鼠由倒置姿态变为俯卧姿势所需的时间即LRR,用于快速评估大鼠闭合性头部损伤的严重程度[21]。在伤后1 h进行改良的神经功能实验(modified Neurological Severity Score,mNSS)测试,根据其规定的10项任务的完成情况进行评分,评估大鼠的运动与感觉反射、肌肉状态和平衡能力等的丧失情况[20]。在伤后24 h对大鼠进行高架十字迷宫实验(elevated plus maze,EPM)测试,通过大鼠在开放臂和闭合臂的停留时间评估动物的焦虑水平[28]。EPM之后,开展Morris水迷宫(Morris water maze,MWM)测试,通过大鼠在水迷宫中找到平台的时间和路径评估其记忆力的变化 [29]。这些行为学实验不仅为研究TBI对动物记忆和情绪功能的影响提供重要支持,还有利于建立头部损伤力学与生理反应之间的联系。
TBI后的行为缺陷与大脑关键神经功能中枢的神经元或轴索损伤程度密切相关,尤其是海马体、杏仁核、胼胝体以及脑干等区域[30-33]。海马体神经元的丧失会严重干扰记忆的存储与提取过程,进而削弱空间认知能力[34-35]。杏仁核的神经元死亡伴随的炎症反应,则会引发情绪调节困难[36]。胼胝体的神经纤维断裂产生的弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)会影响左右半球之间的信息交流与协调功能[37]。脑干的神经纤维或者轴突断裂引起的DAI可能直接导致呼吸功能障碍,进而引发昏迷乃至危及生命的状况[38]
行为学测试完毕后,对大鼠进行麻醉、灌注、取脑、固定。利用冰冻切片机沿着前囟-3.6 mm位置以40 μm的切片厚度进行3次连续切片,并对切片进行银染色,获得胼胝体区域的DAI病理结果。之后,调整切片厚度为6 μm进行3次连续切片,切片通过载玻片收集并进行HE染色,获取海马体、杏仁核的细胞损伤病理结果。最后,在大脑左右半球中部切片并进行银染色,检测脑干DAI损伤。将染色后的病理切片进行全景扫描,统计海马体、杏仁核神经元数量及胼胝体、脑干的DAI损伤面积。这些结果将作为进行统计分析的依据。
共有23只大鼠完成了打击测试,另外5只大鼠为对照组,不进行撞击。测试完成后统计死亡率,并开展行为学测试和关键脑区的病理检测。在0.3 MPa的撞击组中没有大鼠死亡,在0.7 MPa颅顶撞击的8只大鼠中,3只大鼠死亡。总死亡率为10.7%。为了便于表述,实验结果的图表采用Cr和Te分别表示大鼠颅顶部和颞叶部,采用L和R表示左侧和右侧。
伤后大鼠的行为测试结果如图3所示,其中图3(a)为mNSS测试过程,图3(b)为LRR的结果对比,图3(c)为mNSS的结果对比。在伤后24 h,开展EPM实验。实验前大鼠在迷宫中适应约5 min,之后将大鼠面向开放臂放入十字迷宫中央区域,记录并分析5 min内大鼠在开放臂和封闭臂的停留时间和进入次数,用于评估焦虑水平。EPM的测试过程及结果如图4所示,其中图4(a)为EPM开放臂和闭合臂示意图,图4(b)~图4(f)为实验过程的轨迹对比,图4(g)为开臂时间结果对比。在EPM完成后,对大鼠进行MWM测试。被测试大鼠在致伤前5天进行学习训练,伤后24 h进行检测[29]。采用Tracking Maste软件记录并分析受伤大鼠找到平台的时间,以评估大鼠的记忆变化。实验结果如图5所示,其中图5(a)为MWM结构示意图,图5(b)~图5(f)为大鼠找到隐蔽平台的轨迹对比,图5(g)为找到隐蔽平台的时间统计。对行为学测试的结果进行统计以用于后续的分析,结果如表2所示。
图3(b)所示的LRR结果表明,在两种强度下,颅顶部撞击的伤害均大于颞叶部撞击。与对照组相比,0.3 MPa下大鼠恢复意识的时间略有延长,但两个撞击位置差异不大。0.7 MPa颅顶部撞击的大鼠恢复意识时间显著延长,高于颞叶部撞击。图3(c)所示的mNSS结果与LRR类似,但0.3 MPa下大鼠颞叶部撞击与颅顶部撞击的差异更明显,说明mNSS评分相较于LRR更精细。
图4的EPM结果对比可以看出,在0.3和0.7 MPa的颅顶部和颞叶部撞击下,与对照组相比,大鼠在开臂中的时间显著减少,且颅顶部撞击比颞叶部撞击导致大鼠在开臂停留的时间更短。这表明两种撞击均使大鼠产生了焦虑行为,且颅顶部撞击下的大鼠焦虑行为更严重。
图5的MWM结果对比可以看出,在0.3和0.7 MPa的颅顶部和颞叶部撞击下,与对照组相比,大鼠寻找隐藏平台轨迹的模式更杂乱,时间也变长。颅顶部撞击比颞叶部撞击导致大鼠所耗费的时间更长。这表明两种撞击均影响大鼠的记忆行为,且颅顶部撞击下的大鼠记忆缺陷更严重。
海马体、杏仁核神经元数量及胼胝体、脑干DAI损伤面积的结果如图6所示。对病理检测的结果进行统计以用于后续的分析,结果如表3所示。图6(a)为大鼠病理检测的切面位置,图6(b)为大鼠海马体和杏仁核所在位置。图6(c)图6(d)为左右侧海马体细胞形态变化。
颅顶部撞击导致左右两侧海马体细胞数量减少,其中左侧海马体细胞减少的数量比颞叶部撞击显著。颞叶部撞击导致左右侧海马体细胞损伤存在差异,右侧海马体细胞减少明显,并且伴随细胞死亡(红色箭头所示)。在相同撞击强度下,颞叶部撞击导致右侧海马体细胞减少数量比颅顶部撞击明显,结果如图6(g)所示。
图6(e)图6(f)为左右侧杏仁核细胞形态变化的结果对比。在左侧杏仁核中,颅顶部撞击导致神经元数量减少,影响最显著的是在撞击强度0.7 MPa下,细胞出现死亡(红色箭头),如图6(e)所示。说明撞击强度是影响左侧杏仁核细胞数量的主要因素,撞击位置影响不显著。在右侧杏仁核中,两种撞击强度下,颅顶部和颞叶部的撞击导致神经元数量减少,而颞叶部撞击导致神经元数量的减少比颅顶部撞击更明显。0.3 MPa的颞叶撞击导致细胞死亡,0.7 MPa撞击导致更广泛的细胞死亡,如图6(f)所示。图6(h)为不同撞击位置下大鼠左右侧杏仁核细胞数量对比,同等撞击强度下,颅顶部撞击导致左侧杏仁核细胞丢失明显,颞叶部撞击导致右侧杏仁核细胞丢失明显。这说明撞击位置因素不容忽视。在胼胝体和脑干进行轴突损伤的检测位置如图7(a)所示。图7(b)图7(c)为胼胝体和脑干所在位置,在0.3和0.7 MPa撞击强度下,颅顶部和颞叶部撞击导致大鼠胼胝体和脑干轴突损伤的病理结果如图7(d)图7(e)所示,颅顶部撞击导致银染色的面积百分比高于颞叶部撞击。其中0.7 MPa的颅顶撞击的银染色面积的百分比最为显著,对照组和致伤组的对比结果如图7(f)图7(g)所示。海马体、杏仁核细胞丢失百分比及胼胝体和脑干DAI损伤面积的百分比如表3所示,表3中的数据是致伤组减去对照组后的数据。
病理结果是动物行为表现内在的细胞层面的体现。将大脑关键神经功能中枢的病理变化与行为学表现结合起来进行深入分析,就可能揭示出头部伤害的深层机理。将动物的EPM及MWM测试结果分别与海马体及杏仁核左右两侧的病理结果进行线性拟合,以考察左右对称的大脑功能区病理结果与动物行为学表现的相关性,结果如图8所示。
图8(a)图8(c)所示的拟合结果显示,颅顶撞击下的左右侧海马体和杏仁核的病理结果与行为指标之间拟合曲线的R2值差异很小,这表明由于大脑左右半球的对称性,颅顶撞击所造成两侧海马体和杏仁核的损伤基本一致。然而,图8(b)图8(d)的结果则表明,在颞叶部撞击时左侧海马体病理结果与动物行为指标拟合曲线的R2值更高,说明动物的行为学表现与损伤小的非打击侧更一致。
为评估撞击强度、撞击位置及其水平对大鼠行为表现的影响,利用表1中的公式,分别以 LRR、mNSS、EPM和MWM为指标,根据表2中的数值进行方差分析,结果如表4所示。同理,分别以左右侧海马体和杏仁核细胞丢失及胼胝体和脑干的DAI面积的百分比为指标,根据表3中的数值进行方差分析,结果如表5所示。
为了横向对比不同指标下颅顶部和颞叶部撞击对TBI的影响程度,对表4表5 y ¯ j 1 y ¯ j 2在同一指标下的结果进行归一化,如图9所示。同时,对表4表5中撞击强度和撞击位置的贡献率进行对比,结果如图10所示。
图9(a)结果显示,在以行为学测试结果为指标的评价中,颅顶部撞击造成的伤害始终高于颞叶部撞击,这与图3~图5所述的结果一致。在以大脑关键神经中枢的病理结果为指标的评价中,如图9(b)所示,颅顶部撞击造成的左右侧海马体和杏仁核的伤害高于颞叶部撞击的左侧而小于颞叶部撞击的右侧(右侧为撞击侧)。这也与图6所示的结果一致。同时,颅顶撞击造成的胼胝体和脑干的伤害高于颞叶撞击。
图10的结果表明,无论以行为学指标还是病理指标,撞击强度都是主要影响因素,但撞击位置的影响不可忽略。当使用 LRR、mNSS、EPM 和 MWM 作为指标时,撞击位置的贡献率分别为 15.58%、28.36%、15.7%和 12.36%(见表4)。当以关键脑区病理结果为指标时,撞击位置对左、右侧海马体、杏仁核的伤害贡献率分别为3.7%、21.1%、2.0%、26.8%,对胼胝体和脑干DAI贡献率分别为35.2%和17.5%(见表5)。
本文开展了头部撞击位置对头部伤害影响的研究,通过大鼠颅顶部和颞叶部撞击的对比,得出以下主要结论。
(1)行为学测试结果显示,颅顶撞击比颞叶部撞击更易造成大鼠昏迷、运动、记忆和焦虑缺陷。
(2)病理结果显示,对于胼胝体和脑干,颅顶撞击比颞叶撞击造成的损伤更严重;颅顶撞击导致海马和杏仁核的损伤高于颞叶撞击的非撞击侧,但比撞击侧轻。
(3)行为表现与病理结果的线性拟合显示,TBI后的行为表现与受伤较小的一侧更一致。
(4)方差分析结果表明,撞击强度始终是影响TBI的最主要因素,但撞击位置的影响程度也不容忽视。
鉴于物种间的差异性,直接将大鼠的TBI实验结果映射到人类尚存局限。然而,作为一项探索性的研究方法,本研究在揭示不同撞击强度下位置因素对TBI损伤机制的影响上,仍具有不可忽视的重要意义。同时,本研究采用的方法对于其它动物,例如猪等,在同类TBI研究中也适用。未来,有望通过结合大鼠与人类的头部有限元模型,并依据脑组织刚度相似性原则,将本研究的实验结果科学地映射至人类,从而进一步推动相关领域的发展。
  • *国家自然科学基金(52172404)
  • 国家留学基金(CSC202306170092)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
RICHARDS D C. Relationship between speed and risk of fatal injury: pedestrians and car occupants[J]. Highway Safety,2010,16.
[2]
COURNOYER J,HOSHIZAKI T B. Head dynamic response and brain tissue deformation for boxing punches with and without loss of consciousness[J]. Clinical Biomechanics,2019,67:96-101.
[3]
BLENNOW K,HARDY J,ZETTERBERG H. The neuropathology and neurobiology of traumatic brain injury[J]. Neuron,2012,76(5):886-899.
[4]
LING H,HARDY J,ZETTERBERG H. Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports[J]. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience,2015,66:114-122.
[5]
BECKWITH J G,GREENWALD R M,CHU J J,et al. Timing of concussion diagnosis is related to head impact exposure prior to injury[J]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,2013,45(4):747-754.
[6]
邹铁方,肖璟,胡林,等. 轿车-行人事故中人体损伤来源与相关性分析[J]. 汽车工程,2017,39(7): 748-753,747.
ZOU T F,XIAO J,HU L,et al. Human-body injury sources and correlation analysis on car-pedestrian accidents[J]. Automotive Engineering,2017,39(7):748-753,747.
[7]
ZHANG L,YANG K H,KING A I. Comparison of brain responses between frontal and lateral impacts by finite element modeling[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2001,18(1):21-30.
[8]
ZHOU R,LI Y,CAVANAUGH J M,et al. Investigate the variations of the head and brain response in a rodent head impact acceleration model by finite element modeling[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,2020,8:172.
[9]
LI Y,ZHANG L,KALLAKURI S,et al. Quantitative relationship between axonal injury and mechanical response in a rodent head impact acceleration model[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2011,28(9):1767-1782.
[10]
XIONG Y,MAHMOOD A,CHOPP M. Animal models of traumatic brain injury[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2013,14 (2):128-142.
[11]
WEBER B,LACKNER I,HAFFNER-LUNTZER M,et al. Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider[J]. Journal of Translational Medicine,2019,17(1).
[12]
王岩,徐晓庆,刘博涵,等. 碰撞车速与车辆类型对行人运动和损伤耦合影响的研究[J]. 汽车工程,2015,37(3): 276-283.
WANG Y,XU X Q,LIU B H,et al. A study on the coupling influence of impact speed and vehicle type on the movement and injury of pedestrian[J]. Automotive Engineering,2015,37(3): 276-283.
[13]
DUHAIME A,BECKWITH J G,MAERLENDER A C,et al. Spectrum of acute clinical characteristics of diagnosed concussions in college athletes wearing instrumented helmets[J]. Journal of Neurosurgery,2012,117(6):1092-1099.
[14]
ROWSON S,DUMA S M. Development of the STAR evaluation system for football helmets: integrating player head impact exposure and risk of concussion[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2011,39(8): 2130-2140.
[15]
毛征宇,李泽民,牛文鑫,等. 不同载荷作用下头部生物力学响应仿真分析[J]. 医用生物力学,2016,31(6): 532-539.
MAO Z Y,LI Z M,NIU W X,et al. Simulation analysis of head biomechanical response under different loading conditions[J]. Medical Biomechanics,2016,31(6): 532-539.
[16]
MYCHASIUK R,HEHAR H,CANDY S,et al. The direction of the acceleration and rotational forces associated with mild traumatic brain injury in rodents effect behavioural and molecular outcomes[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods,2016,257:168-178.
[17]
王国祥,朱林娜,王讯,等. 轻度创伤型大鼠颅脑前后向-侧向碰撞HIC值等效研究[J]. 医用生物力学,2024,39(4): 730-735.
WANG G X,ZHU L N,WANG X,et al. HIC value of mild traumatic rats under anterior-posterior and lateral-medial craniocerebral impact: an equivalent study[J]. Medical Biomechanics,2024,39(4): 730-735.
[18]
HODGSON V R,THOMAS L M,KHALIL T B. The role of impact location in reversible cerebral concussion[C]. SAE Paper 831618.
[19]
SULLIVAN S,EUCKER S A,GABRIELI D,et al. White matter tract-oriented deformation predicts traumatic axonal brain injury and reveals rotational direction-specific vulnerabilities[J]. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology,2015,14(4): 877-896.
[20]
WANG H,ZHU X,LIAO Z,et al. Novel-graded traumatic brain injury model in rats induced by closed head impacts[J]. Neuropathology,2018,38 (5): 484-492.
[21]
NAMJOSHI D R,CHENG W,MCINNES K A,et al. Merging pathology with biomechanics using CHIMERA (closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration): a novel,surgery-free model of traumatic brain injury[J]. Molecular Neurodegeneration,2014,9.
[22]
TAGGE C A,FISHER A M,MINAEVA O V,et al. Concussion,microvascular injury,and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model[J]. Brain,2018,141(2): 422-458.
[23]
KILBOURNE M,KUEHN R,TOSUN C,et al. Novel model of frontal impact closed head injury in the rat[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2009,26(12):2233-2243.
[24]
任露泉. 试验优化设计与分析[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2003.
REN L Q. Experimental optimization design and analysis [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press,2003.
[25]
PAVLOVIC D,PEKIC S,STOJANOVIC M,et al. Traumatic brain injury: neuropathological,neurocognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae[J]. Pituitary,2019,22(3): 270-282.
[26]
AZOUVI P,ARNOULD A,DROMER E,et al. Neuropsychology of traumatic brain injury: an expert overview[J]. Revue Neurologique,2017,173(7-8): 461-472.
[27]
LIPPERT-GRÜNER M,WEDEKIND C,KLUG N. Outcome of prolonged coma following severe traumatic brain injury[J]. Brain Injury,2003,17(1): 49-54.
[28]
WALF A A,FRYE C A. The use of the elevated plus maze as an assay of anxiety-related behavior in rodents[J]. Nature Protocol,2007,2(2): 322-328.
[29]
TUCKER L B,VELOSKY A G,MCCABE J T. Applications of the morris water maze in translational traumatic brain injury research[J]. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,2018: 187-200.
[30]
DENG-BRYANT Y,LEUNG L Y,MADATHIL S,et al. Chronic cognitive deficits and associated histopathology following closed-head concussive injury in rats[J]. Frontiers in Neurology,2019,10.
[31]
TSUDA S,HOU J,NELSON R L,et al. Prolonged hippocampal cell death following closed-head traumatic brain injury in rats[J]. Neuroreport,2016,27(10): 724-729.
[32]
HALL A N B,JOSEPH B,BRELSFOARD J M,et al. Repeated closed head injury in mice results in sustained motor and memory deficits and chronic cellular changes[J]. Plos One,2016,11(7): e0159442.
[33]
KAPLAN G B,LEITE-MORRIS K A,WANG L,et al. Pathophysiological bases of comorbidity: traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2018,35 (2): 210-225.
[34]
FENG J F,ZHAO X,GURKOFF G G,et al. Post-traumatic hypoxia exacerbates neuronal cell death in the hippocampus[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2012,29(6): 1167-1179.
[35]
WITGEN B M,LIFSHITZ J,GRADY M S. Inbred mouse strains as a tool to analyze hippocampal neuronal loss after brain injury: a stereological study[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2006,23(9): 1320-1329.
[36]
HOFFMAN A N,PAODE P R,MAY H G,et al. Early and persistent dendritic hypertrophy in the basolateral amygdala following experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2017,34 (1):213-219.
[37]
CREED J A,DILEONARDI A M,FOX D P,et al. Concussive brain trauma in the mouse results in acute cognitive deficits and sustained impairment of axonal function[J]. Journal of Neurotrauma,2011,28(4): 547-563.
[38]
SMITH D H,NONAKA M,MILLER R,et al. Immediate coma following inertial brain injury dependent on axonal damage in the brainstem[J]. Journal of Neurosurgery,2000,93(2):315-322.
2025年第47卷第5期
PDF下载
565
243
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014
  • 接收时间:2024-09-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-08
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09
  • 修回日期:2024-11-01
基金
*国家自然科学基金(52172404)
国家留学基金(CSC202306170092)
作者信息
    1 吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春 130000
    2 陆军军医大学大坪医院军事交通伤防治研究室,重庆 400000
    3 吉林大学白求恩第一医院放射科,长春 130000

通讯作者:

宋学伟,教授,博士,E-mail:
赵 辉,研究员,博士,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏