Article(id=1149418800224829984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730908800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-07, revisedDate=1734537600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1751972397131, onlineDateStr=2025-07-08, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1751972397131, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1751972397131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1751972397131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149418798794572319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, year='2025', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='1006', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1751972396792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780688390, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157003323518837256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1149418798794572319, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=962, endPage=969, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149418800593928739, articleId=1149418800224829984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=EN, title=Equivalent Statistical Energy Analysis Model and Wind Noise Prediction of Vehicle Based on Parameter Identification, columnId=1149805645261664296, journalTitle=Automotive Engineering, columnName=Papers, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Developing a high-precision Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model to predict vehicle wind noise response requires a significant amount of time and cost. In this paper,a method is proposed for rapidly constructing an equivalent SEA model for vehicle wind noise based on parameter identification,which simplifies the modeling process while ensuring prediction accuracy. An initial SEA model of the compartment is established according to the vehicle’s body structure and dimensions,with the pressure fluctuation excitation on the side window surface and the actual wind tunnel response serving as the model's input and output,respectively. The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is employed to identify the acoustic cavity parameters of the model,resulting in an equivalent model that approximates the true wind noise response characteristics. Taking a prototype vehicle as an example,the equivalent wind noise SEA model is used to predict the wind noise response in the compartment under different design schemes. The average prediction error for the total sound pressure level is 1.47%,and the root mean square error of the spectrum is 1.23 dB. The results show that the equivalent model can accurately predict the in-vehicle wind noise response under different design schemes,thereby reducing the number of wind tunnel tests and having high engineering application value.

, articleAbstract=

Developing a highprecision Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model to predict vehicle wind noise response requires a significant amount of time and cost. In this paper, a method is proposed for rapidly constructing an equivalent SEA model for vehicle wind noise based on parameter identification, which simplifies the modeling process while ensuring prediction accuracy. An initial SEA model of the compartment is established according to the vehicle's body structure and dimensions, with the pressure fluctuation excitation on the side window surface and the actual wind tunnel response serving as the model's input and output, respectively. The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is employed to identify the acoustic cavity parameters of the model, resulting in an equivalent model that approximates the true wind noise response characteristics. Taking a prototype vehicle as an example, the equivalent wind noise SEA model is used to predict the wind noise response in the compartment under different design schemes. The average prediction error for the total sound pressure level is 1.47%, and the root mean square error of the spectrum is 1.23 dB. The results show that the equivalent model can accurately predict the invehicle wind noise response under different design schemes, thereby reducing the number of wind tunnel tests and having high engineering application value.

, correspAuthors=Yansong He, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuelin Wen, Yansong He, Xuhui Luo, Zhifei Zhang, Quanzhou Zhang, Hui Ren), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149418807833297561, articleId=1149418800224829984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=CN, title=基于参数辨识的车辆风噪等效统计能量模型及预测, columnId=1149805645391687721, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=

建立一个高预测精度的统计能量模型以预测车内风噪声响应需要花费大量时间成本。本文提出一种基于参数辨识快速构建车辆风噪等效统计能量模型的方法,以在简化建模过程的同时保证预测精度。根据车身结构建立乘员舱初始统计能量模型,将侧窗表面压力脉动激励和风洞实测响应分别作为模型的输入和输出,使用灰狼优化算法辨识模型的声腔参数,得到逼近真实风噪响应特性的等效模型。以某样车为例,使用等效统计能量模型预测不同造型方案下的乘员舱风噪声响应,总声压级预测误差的平均值为1.47%,频谱的均方根误差为1.23 dB。结果表明:等效模型可以准确预测不同造型方案的车内风噪声响应,从而减少风洞试验的次数,具有较高的工程应用价值。

, articleAbstract=

建立一个高预测精度的统计能量模型以预测车内风噪声响应需要花费大量时间成本。本文提出一种基于参数辨识快速构建车辆风噪等效统计能量模型的方法,以在简化建模过程的同时保证预测精度。根据车身结构建立乘员舱初始统计能量模型,将侧窗表面压力脉动激励和风洞实测响应分别作为模型的输入和输出,使用灰狼优化算法辨识模型的声腔参数,得到逼近真实风噪响应特性的等效模型。以某样车为例,使用等效统计能量模型预测不同造型方案下的乘员舱风噪声响应,总声压级预测误差的平均值为1.47%,频谱的均方根误差为1.23 dB。结果表明:等效模型可以准确预测不同造型方案的车内风噪声响应,从而减少风洞试验的次数,具有较高的工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=贺岩松, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
贺岩松,教授,博士,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=JYFfPg8ORrUGkYRP0ytR6g==, magXml=GaDF1YsWKytoi/kSb3YeYQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ankCfQRqAXpLVto42iV4Ow==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IkC8ZaF6WI9M/tcDfRJJTg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=文跃霖, 贺岩松, 罗旭辉, 张志飞, 张全周, 任辉)}, authors=[Author(id=1170296571301213000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571368321866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571301213000, language=EN, stringName=Yuelin Wen, firstName=Yuelin, middleName=null, lastName=Wen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571431236427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571301213000, language=CN, stringName=文跃霖, firstName=跃霖, middleName=null, lastName=文, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571070526273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571078914882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571087303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030)])]), Author(id=1170296571531899725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hys68@cqu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571607397199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571531899725, language=EN, stringName=Yansong He, firstName=Yansong, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571666117456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571531899725, language=CN, stringName=贺岩松, firstName=岩松, middleName=null, lastName=贺, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571070526273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571078914882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571087303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030)])]), Author(id=1170296571750003538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571867444052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571750003538, language=EN, stringName=Xuhui Luo, firstName=Xuhui, middleName=null, lastName=Luo, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296571959718741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296571750003538, language=CN, stringName=罗旭辉, firstName=旭辉, middleName=null, lastName=罗, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571070526273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571078914882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571087303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030)])]), Author(id=1170296572018438999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572102325081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572018438999, language=EN, stringName=Zhifei Zhang, firstName=Zhifei, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572156851034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572018438999, language=CN, stringName=张志飞, firstName=志飞, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571070526273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571078914882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571087303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030)])]), Author(id=1170296572228154204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572299457374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572228154204, language=EN, stringName=Quanzhou Zhang, firstName=Quanzhou, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572391732063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572228154204, language=CN, stringName=张全周, firstName=全周, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571204744004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571221521221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571225715526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122)])]), Author(id=1170296572446258017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572521755491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572446258017, language=EN, stringName=Hui Ren, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=Ren, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1170296572580475748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, authorId=1170296572446258017, language=CN, stringName=任辉, firstName=辉, middleName=null, lastName=任, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571204744004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571221521221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571225715526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1170296572727276389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=automobile wind noise), Keyword(id=1170296572836328294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=equivalent model), Keyword(id=1170296572890854247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=grey wolf optimizer algorithm), Keyword(id=1170296572957963112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=noise prediction), Keyword(id=1170296573025071977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=statistical energy analysis), Keyword(id=1170296573079597930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=汽车风噪), Keyword(id=1170296573155095403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=等效模型), Keyword(id=1170296573213815660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=灰狼优化算法), Keyword(id=1170296573297701741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=噪声预测), Keyword(id=1170296573377393518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=统计能量分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1170296575965279117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y Z,YANG Z G,WANG Y G,et al. An experimental study of automobile interior aerodynamic noise[C].2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering,2011: 3946-3949., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576053359502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUCHHEIM R,DOBRZYNSKI W,MANKAU H,et al. Vehicle interior noise related to external aerodynamics[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design,1982,3(4): 398-410., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576137245583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MURAD N,NASER J,ALAM F,et al. Computational fluid dynamics study of vehicle A-pillar aero-acoustics[J]. Applied Acoustics,2013,74(6): 882-896., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576254686096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN X,WANG S,WU Y Q,et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of the aerodynamic noise reduction of automotive side view mirrors[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(4): 642-650., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576338572177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q,ZHONG L,WANG Y,et al. Multi-parameter optimization of automotive rear view mirror region for reducing aerodynamic noise[J]. Noise Control Engineering Journal,2018,66(1): 11-26., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576439235474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUA X,THOMAS A,SHULTIS K. Recent progress in battery electric vehicle noise,vibration,and harshness[J]. Science Progress,2021,104(1): 00368504211005224., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576556675987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王毅刚,张婕,俞悟周,等. 基于统计能量法的汽车风噪传播特性分析[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(12): 1696-1704., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576674116500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y G,ZHANG J,YU W Z,et al. Analysis of wind noise propagation characteristics of automobile based on statistical energy analysis[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2018,46(12): 1696-1704., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576732836757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y Z,SCHRÖDER S,SHI Z H,et al. Wind noise source filtering and transmission study through a side glass of DrivAer model[J]. Applied Acoustics,2020,160: 107161., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576778974102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y,WEN S,LIU Y,et al. Wind noise source characterization and transmission study through a side glass of DrivAer model based on a hybrid DES/APE method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering,2021,235(6): 1757-1766., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576846082967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG L,LI Q,WANG Y,et al. Aerodynamic noise prediction of passenger vehicle with hybrid detached eddy simulation/acoustic perturbation equation method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering,2019,233(10): 2390-2404., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296576984495000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王亓良,陈鑫,张英朝,等. 基于直接CAA与SEA的汽车风噪预测与控制[J]. 汽车工程,2021,43(1): 86-93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577072575385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q L,CHEN X,ZHANG Y C,et al. Prediction and control of vehicle wind noise based on direct CAA and SEA[J]. Automotive Engineering,2021,43(1): 86-93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577122907034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE H R,KIM H Y,JEON J H,et al. Application of global sensitivity analysis to statistical energy analysis: vehicle model development and transmission path contribution[J]. Applied Acoustics,2019,146: 368-389., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577190015899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HARTMANN M,OCKER J,LEMKE T,et al. Wind noise caused by the side-mirror and a-pillar of a generic vehicle model[C].18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference),2012: 2205-2230., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577244541852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIRJALILI S,MIRJALILI S M,LEWIS A. Grey wolf optimizer[J]. Advances in Engineering Software,2014,69: 46-61., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577294873501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J,LIU G,PAN Q. A review on representative swarm intelligence algorithms for solving optimization problems: applications and trends[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica,2021,8(10): 1627-1643., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577345205150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐中华,贺岩松,马涛,等. 汽车声学包轻量化设计[J]. 汽车工程,2021,43(1): 113-120., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1170296577420702623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Z H,HE Y S,MA T,et al. Lightweight design of automotive sound package[J]. Automotive Engineering,2021,43(1): 113-120., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1170296571070526273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571078914882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571087303491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571070526273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030)]), AuthorCompany(id=1170296571204744004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571221521221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1170296571225715526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, companyId=1170296571204744004, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1170296573549359983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rZt3h6j+aHJRFN2uphB0AA==, figureFileBig=8Wq2Ilwq1BGBKrpTDzKqIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573620663152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图1, caption=等效SEA模型的建模过程, figureFileSmall=rZt3h6j+aHJRFN2uphB0AA==, figureFileBig=8Wq2Ilwq1BGBKrpTDzKqIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573670994801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hxS4c2/9OF9VTcMel878qg==, figureFileBig=u6C+9NvPtEtV3yKNYZvm3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573721326450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图2, caption=初始SEA模型几何尺寸示意图, figureFileSmall=hxS4c2/9OF9VTcMel878qg==, figureFileBig=u6C+9NvPtEtV3yKNYZvm3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573771658099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ofkBsb9AO58Yle5arEebCA==, figureFileBig=bND2yMgoQXn8EyW0AoezBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573863932788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乘员舱初始SEA模型, figureFileSmall=ofkBsb9AO58Yle5arEebCA==, figureFileBig=bND2yMgoQXn8EyW0AoezBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296573972984693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mlaSUvgB9R8u1Gu7QCdCEQ==, figureFileBig=eKED7/mNRhM46O/UBmQeHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574073647990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乘员舱初始SEA模型声腔DLF谱辨识流程, figureFileSmall=mlaSUvgB9R8u1Gu7QCdCEQ==, figureFileBig=eKED7/mNRhM46O/UBmQeHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574132368247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XsGcbrmnWzm6IPRkmW/moQ==, figureFileBig=/uH0usJxum4EGIswW90zAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574212060024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图5, caption=样车基础造型配置风洞试验, figureFileSmall=XsGcbrmnWzm6IPRkmW/moQ==, figureFileBig=/uH0usJxum4EGIswW90zAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574291751801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=S7YmB8eoG+heTaxHhrZuDw==, figureFileBig=WmoxxkUf7LXpdKaxFaEzpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574350472058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图6, caption=样车乘员舱内风噪声实测响应, figureFileSmall=S7YmB8eoG+heTaxHhrZuDw==, figureFileBig=WmoxxkUf7LXpdKaxFaEzpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574409192315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=C+mFfJ7QrcYo3UoIGzDIOg==, figureFileBig=6SRkHPDIhmoXhbuQFKNmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574509855612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图7, caption=前排头部声腔DLF谱辨识过程适应度曲线, figureFileSmall=C+mFfJ7QrcYo3UoIGzDIOg==, figureFileBig=6SRkHPDIhmoXhbuQFKNmsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574564381565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/E5aeoPeB7ztcpcYAFWHIg==, figureFileBig=x9KW4WDNHtkA3XThODorow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574623101822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图8, caption=样车不同造型配置方案, figureFileSmall=/E5aeoPeB7ztcpcYAFWHIg==, figureFileBig=x9KW4WDNHtkA3XThODorow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574723765119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ahrTK5q8YAcdDkDl1HgNUA==, figureFileBig=nkZHgkGDJALTwuo6Zw+TAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574816039808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图9, caption=ESEA-base模型对样车3种车身外形配置的乘员舱内风噪声预测, figureFileSmall=ahrTK5q8YAcdDkDl1HgNUA==, figureFileBig=nkZHgkGDJALTwuo6Zw+TAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574874760065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4GvW/W1tWsZSxMtY5vikOA==, figureFileBig=sJsk06A11kQVBsU/xhcnlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574933480322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=图10, caption=样车传统SEA模型子系统爆炸图, figureFileSmall=4GvW/W1tWsZSxMtY5vikOA==, figureFileBig=sJsk06A11kQVBsU/xhcnlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1170296574992200579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等效尺寸参数 实车尺寸参数 映射关系
a 轴距L a=L
b 轮距B b=B
c

总高H

车轮半径Rw

c=H-Rw
d 车门长度LD d=LD
e 车门长度LD e=0.8LD
f

后悬Lb

车轮半径Rw

f=0.4(Lb-Rw
g 车顶宽度Wr g=0.5Wr
h

侧窗上沿高度Hgu

侧窗下沿高度Hgl

h=c-1.5(Hgu-Hgl
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575122224004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

初始SEA模型与车辆几何尺寸的映射关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等效尺寸参数 实车尺寸参数 映射关系
a 轴距L a=L
b 轮距B b=B
c

总高H

车轮半径Rw

c=H-Rw
d 车门长度LD d=LD
e 车门长度LD e=0.8LD
f

后悬Lb

车轮半径Rw

f=0.4(Lb-Rw
g 车顶宽度Wr g=0.5Wr
h

侧窗上沿高度Hgu

侧窗下沿高度Hgl

h=c-1.5(Hgu-Hgl
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575231275909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设置项目 参数
求解器 分离流
介质 不可压缩气体
壁面处理 Y+
湍流模型 SST k-omega分离涡
时间步 0.05 ms
时间方程 2阶隐式格式
动量方程 有界中心差分格式
能量方程 2阶对流格式
气动声学模型 噪声波
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575327744902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

非稳态求解器设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设置项目 参数
求解器 分离流
介质 不可压缩气体
壁面处理 Y+
湍流模型 SST k-omega分离涡
时间步 0.05 ms
时间方程 2阶隐式格式
动量方程 有界中心差分格式
能量方程 2阶对流格式
气动声学模型 噪声波
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575403242375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 配置1 配置2 配置3
总声压级预测 62.58 61.91 63.71
试验值 63.62 63.47 63.91
绝对误差 1.04 1.56 0.20
频谱RMSE 1.23 1.69 0.76
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575487128456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ESEA-base模型的风噪声预测性能 dB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 配置1 配置2 配置3
总声压级预测 62.58 61.91 63.71
试验值 63.62 63.47 63.91
绝对误差 1.04 1.56 0.20
频谱RMSE 1.23 1.69 0.76
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575558431625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 配置1 配置2 配置3
总声压级预测 67.08 66.59 66.45
试验值 63.62 63.47 63.91
绝对误差 3.46 3.12 2.54
频谱RMSE 4.67 4.14 3.78
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575629734794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

经典SEA模型的风噪声预测性能 dB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 配置1 配置2 配置3
总声压级预测 67.08 66.59 66.45
试验值 63.62 63.47 63.91
绝对误差 3.46 3.12 2.54
频谱RMSE 4.67 4.14 3.78
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575722009483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测模型 预测配置
基础配置 配置1 配置2 配置3
ESEA-base 0.04 1.23 1.69 0.76
ESEA-1 1.24 0.04 1.04 1.11
ESEA-2 1.68 1.01 0.16 1.43
ESEA-3 0.74 1.06 1.42 0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1170296575818478476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1149418800224829984, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同等效SEA模型的RMSE对比 dB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测模型 预测配置
基础配置 配置1 配置2 配置3
ESEA-base 0.04 1.23 1.69 0.76
ESEA-1 1.24 0.04 1.04 1.11
ESEA-2 1.68 1.01 0.16 1.43
ESEA-3 0.74 1.06 1.42 0.23
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119049450201092, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程, nameEn=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-680X, eissn=, cn=11-2221/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Auto Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1755587219741, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, picEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1164580465202643295, language=CN, name=汽车工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219763, updatedTime=1755587219763, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1164580465248780640, language=EN, name=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219774, updatedTime=1755587219774, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146120084050784272, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202387206565, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112776, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500958911, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622315115540535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782500294, updateTime=1751782500294, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315094569012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782500289, updateTime=1751782500289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315081986099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1751782500286, updateTime=1751782500286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315107151926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782500292, updateTime=1751782500292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315102957621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782500291, updateTime=1751782500291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155829970321686531, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753500939211, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500939211, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155830904879702095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753501162023, updateTime=1753501162023, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904858730572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753501162018, updateTime=1753501162018, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904837759051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1753501162013, updateTime=1753501162013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904875507790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753501162022, updateTime=1753501162022, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904867119181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753501162020, updateTime=1753501162020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Engineering, journalPhotoCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPhotoEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于参数辨识的车辆风噪等效统计能量模型及预测
收藏切换
PDF下载
文跃霖 1 , 贺岩松 1 , 罗旭辉 1 , 张志飞 1 , 张全周 2 , 任辉 2
汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025,47(5): 962-969
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程 | 研究论文 2025, 47(5): 962-969
基于参数辨识的车辆风噪等效统计能量模型及预测
全屏
文跃霖1, 贺岩松1 , 罗旭辉1, 张志飞1, 张全周2, 任辉2
作者信息
  • 1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030
  • 2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122

通讯作者:

贺岩松,教授,博士,E-mail:
Equivalent Statistical Energy Analysis Model and Wind Noise Prediction of Vehicle Based on Parameter Identification
Yuelin Wen1, Yansong He1 , Xuhui Luo1, Zhifei Zhang1, Quanzhou Zhang2, Hui Ren2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Mechanical and Mehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030
  • 2 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016
文章导航
收藏切换

建立一个高预测精度的统计能量模型以预测车内风噪声响应需要花费大量时间成本。本文提出一种基于参数辨识快速构建车辆风噪等效统计能量模型的方法,以在简化建模过程的同时保证预测精度。根据车身结构建立乘员舱初始统计能量模型,将侧窗表面压力脉动激励和风洞实测响应分别作为模型的输入和输出,使用灰狼优化算法辨识模型的声腔参数,得到逼近真实风噪响应特性的等效模型。以某样车为例,使用等效统计能量模型预测不同造型方案下的乘员舱风噪声响应,总声压级预测误差的平均值为1.47%,频谱的均方根误差为1.23 dB。结果表明:等效模型可以准确预测不同造型方案的车内风噪声响应,从而减少风洞试验的次数,具有较高的工程应用价值。

汽车风噪  /  等效模型  /  灰狼优化算法  /  噪声预测  /  统计能量分析

Developing a highprecision Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model to predict vehicle wind noise response requires a significant amount of time and cost. In this paper, a method is proposed for rapidly constructing an equivalent SEA model for vehicle wind noise based on parameter identification, which simplifies the modeling process while ensuring prediction accuracy. An initial SEA model of the compartment is established according to the vehicle's body structure and dimensions, with the pressure fluctuation excitation on the side window surface and the actual wind tunnel response serving as the model's input and output, respectively. The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is employed to identify the acoustic cavity parameters of the model, resulting in an equivalent model that approximates the true wind noise response characteristics. Taking a prototype vehicle as an example, the equivalent wind noise SEA model is used to predict the wind noise response in the compartment under different design schemes. The average prediction error for the total sound pressure level is 1.47%, and the root mean square error of the spectrum is 1.23 dB. The results show that the equivalent model can accurately predict the invehicle wind noise response under different design schemes, thereby reducing the number of wind tunnel tests and having high engineering application value.

automobile wind noise  /  equivalent model  /  grey wolf optimizer algorithm  /  noise prediction  /  statistical energy analysis
文跃霖, 贺岩松, 罗旭辉, 张志飞, 张全周, 任辉. 基于参数辨识的车辆风噪等效统计能量模型及预测. 汽车工程, 2025 , 47 (5) : 962 -969 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016
Yuelin Wen, Yansong He, Xuhui Luo, Zhifei Zhang, Quanzhou Zhang, Hui Ren. Equivalent Statistical Energy Analysis Model and Wind Noise Prediction of Vehicle Based on Parameter Identification[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025 , 47 (5) : 962 -969 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016
车辆高速行驶时,风噪声成为影响车内噪声水平的主要因素。驾乘人员长时间处在高噪声环境下,容易产生疲劳和烦躁感,影响舒适性与安全性[1-2]。汽车外流场中的涡流结构在车身表面形成的非稳态压力脉动是车内风噪声的主要来源[3]。尤其是气流经过后视镜时会产生严重的流动分离,在侧窗表面形成强烈的压力脉动,是驾驶员头部风噪声的主要来源[4-5]。目前对于车内风噪声预测及传播的研究主要采用统计能量分析法(statistical energy analysis,SEA)[6]。王毅刚等[7]使用SEA方法分析得到车内风噪声主要来自于车窗、前后风挡,且车外对流脉动压力远大于声学脉动压力。He等[8]通过SEA方法探究侧窗上声压和流体动压的传递特性,计算表明声压波动的传递效率远高于流体动压波动。He等[9]、Zhong等[10]采用不可压缩分离涡模拟和声扰动方程计算汽车侧窗表面的压力脉动,并结合SEA模型计算了车内噪声,仿真计算结果与风洞试验数据较为吻合。王亓良等[11]以某SUV为研究对象,基于气动声学和SEA模型对车内噪声进行了计算,并提出两种优化方案,优化后的车内总声压级分别降低1.38和1.93 dB(A)。
综合以上文献,建立高精度的SEA模型需要对车身板件等子系统进行细化建模,同时还需要试验测量大量吸隔声材料的声学参数[12],不仅需要花费较多的时间成本,且预测精度依赖于使用者的建模水平。本文提出一种基于参数辨识的车内风噪等效SEA模型的建模方法,以预测不同造型方案的车内风噪声响应,可为汽车的气动造型优化工作提供一个较为准确的风噪声预测模型,从而减少风洞试验的次数,节约成本,具有较高的工程应用价值。
建立车辆的风噪声等效SEA模型主要包括以下两个步骤:(1)根据汽车的几何参数建立其乘员舱的初始SEA模型;(2)使用一种造型方案的风噪试验数据对其乘员舱初始SEA模型声腔参数进行辨识,拟合得到风噪声等效SEA模型。整体的建模思路如图1所示,具体建模流程和方法介绍如下。
根据车身结构特点,通过建立一组映射关系将乘员舱复杂的声腔结构简化成几个平面围成的简单几何体,只须测量少量外形参数就可以快速完成建模。通过测量侧窗上沿和下沿的铅锤高度HguHgl和车门的长度LD来确定乘员舱初始SEA模型侧窗的大小和位置。根据轴距L、轮距B、总高H和顶宽WR等尺寸确定乘员舱初始SEA模型的长、宽和高。需要测量的实车尺寸和乘员舱初始SEA模型的关键参数如图2所示,其相互映射关系如表1所示。
使用Matlab调用VA one二次开发工具中的应用程序编程接口函数(application programming interface,API)建立前后风挡、4个侧窗、4个车门、前后围板、顶盖和地板等SEA子系统。将乘员舱初始SEA模型划分成前排头部、前排腿部、后排头部和后排腿部4个声腔子系统。在乘员舱初始SEA模型的两个前侧窗上施加激励。实际的压力脉动包含波速不同的声压和流体动压,且二者在玻璃中的传递效率不同,因此需要将计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)仿真得到的声压和流体动压分别使用扩散声场(diffuse acoustic filed,DAF)和湍流边界层(turbulent boundary layer,TBL)声源载荷模型将其加载在侧窗上[13]。在本研究中只关注前排头部声腔的响应,且压力脉动激励直接加载在两个前侧窗上,因此,与前排头部声腔直接接触的侧窗和前风挡SEA板的材料属性和阻尼损耗因子(damping loss factor,DLF)谱需要与实车保持一致。其余子系统的声学特性对目标声腔的影响较小,故采用1 mm厚度的铝板,阻尼项在全频带设置为0.01。VA one软件可以根据式(1)~式(3)分析计算各子系统间的耦合阻尼损耗因子。
η S - V = ρ 0 c σ ω ρ s
式中: η S - V表示结构到声腔的耦合损耗因子; ρ 0为空气密度; c为声速; σ为声辐射系数; ρ s为结构面密度; ω表示频率。
η V - S = ρ 0 c σ n S ω ρ s n V
式中: η V - S表示声腔到结构子系统的耦合损耗因子; n S为结构子系统的模态密度; n V表示声腔模态密度。
η 12 = c A P 4 ω V 1
式中: η 12表示子声腔1到子声腔2的耦合损耗因子; V 1表示子声腔1的体积。根据实车几何尺寸建立的乘员舱初始SEA模型如图3所示。
乘员舱初始SEA模型对实际的乘员舱几何结构和声学布置形式做了大量的简化,而将非稳态压力脉动激励加载在侧窗上,得到的车内风噪声响应会与风洞试验值相差甚远,故需要恰当处理。本文的思路是通过调节乘员舱初始SEA模型前排头部的声腔参数来弥补简化带来的误差。DLF谱反映了声腔对不同频率下的振动能量的衰减特性,通过调节前排头部声腔DLF谱的大小,可使乘员舱初始SEA模型的预测频谱接近风洞试验测得的频谱。
将侧窗表面的声压和流体动压通过DAF和TBL声源模型加载至乘员舱初始SEA模型上,计算得到驾驶员头部声腔(前排头部声腔)声压级响应。调节模型前排头部声腔DLF谱,改变其对不同频带振动的阻尼特性,以逼近样车真实的风噪声响应特性。
将调整乘员舱初始SEA模型前排头部声腔DLF谱的过程视为一个参数辨识问题,即寻找一组最佳的声腔DLF值,使乘员舱初始SEA模型的响应频谱与风洞试验频谱的均方误差最小。通过引入群智能算法来求解这个参数辨识问题。灰狼优化算法[14-15](grey wolf optimizer,GWO)具有收敛性能强、算法参数少、编程易实现等特点,并且能够自适应调整收敛因子以实现局部寻优与全局搜索之间的平衡。
GWO算法的核心是将当前最优的3只个体分别赋为α狼、 β狼和δ狼,计算种群所有个体与这3只个体的加权位矢作为本轮狼群的移动方向。待种群移动到下一个新的位置之后,再计算每个个体的适应度,并选出其中最优的3只个体,作为新的α狼、β狼和δ狼。GWO算法的优化过程如下。首先使用式(4)~式(6)计算第t轮迭代个体 W t , iα狼、 β狼和δ狼的位矢 D a D β D δ
D a = | S 1 W a - W t , i
D β = S 2 W β - W t , i
D δ = | S 3 W δ - W t , i
S i = 2 R i   ( i = 1   , 2   ,   3 )
然后根据式(8)~式(11)确定个体下一步的移动方向 W i 1 W i 2 W i 3
W i 1 = W a - A t , 1 D a
W i 2 = W β - A t , 2 D β
W i 3 = W δ - A t , 3 D δ
A t , j = 2 a R j - a   ( j = 1 ,   2 ,   3 )
a = 2 - 2 t M a x I t e r
式中: 表示哈达玛内积; W a W β W δ表示α狼、β狼和δ狼的位置; S 1 S 2 S 3分别表示α狼、β狼和δ狼认为猎物可能存在的范围,由式(7)确定; a为收敛因子; R i R j分别表示0-1之间的随机列向量;MaxIter表示最大迭代次数。最后由式(13)计算个体i在第t+1次迭代的最终位置,为3个移动方向的均值:
W t + 1 ,   i = ( W i 1 + W i 2 + W i 3 ) / 3
使用GWO算法辨识乘员舱初始SEA模型声腔DLF谱的流程如图4所示。
首先,在Matlab中初始化狼群个体,个体的每一个维度表示等效模型声腔1/3倍频程DLF谱的一个中心频率。在本轮迭代中,种群个体根据上一轮选出的α狼、β狼和δ狼的位置进行移动。再将移动后的个体(每个个体表示声腔的一组DLF谱)通过接口程序赋给乘员舱初始SEA模型,调用VA one求解器,计算出车内声压级频谱响应。将其与风洞试验值频谱的均方根误差作为该个体的适应度,如式(14)所示。
F i t n e s s = i = 1 n ( S P L i p r e - S P L i e x p ) 2 2 / n
式中: S P L i p r e为第i个频带中心频率声压级的预测值; S P L i e x p为第i个频带中心频率声压级的试验值;n为中心频带的个数。
最后根据个体适应度数值选出本次迭代产生的α狼、β狼和δ狼,作为下一次迭代中狼群移动的参考方向,直至达到设定的最大迭代次数,停止寻优。输出最后一轮迭代产生的α狼的位置,作为声腔最优DLF谱,将其赋值给乘员舱初始SEA模型即得到该车的风噪等效SEA模型。
以某款SUV样车(如图5所示)为例,建立其风噪等效SEA模型,以展示建模方法的具体流程,使用其等效SEA模型预测样车在不同造型方案下的乘员舱内风噪声响应,并与风洞试验结果对比以检验其预测性能。
根据前文所述建立乘员舱初始SEA模型的方法,对样车的关键尺寸进行测量。在VA one软件中,建立乘员舱初始SEA模型各子系统,并划分出前排头部、前排腿部、后排头部和后排腿部4个声腔子系统。在左右两个前侧窗上施加湍流边界层和扩散声场声源激励。
在计算流体力学软件STAR-CCM+中采用不可压缩流体结合声扰动方程计算侧窗表面的声压和流体动压。虚拟风洞入口边界速度为120 km/h,出口面边界设置为压力出口。同时,为了在边界层获取更精确的流动信息,设置10层总厚度为2 mm的边界层网格,棱柱层网格的增长率为1.2,仿真的时间步长为5×10-5 s,仿真时长为0.25 s。非稳态物理模型与求解器的详细设置如表2所示。
乘员舱内实际风噪声响应频谱是前排头部声腔DLF谱辨识的依据,样车的气动声学风洞试验在中国汽研风洞中心进行。将驾驶员的座椅调整至与B柱齐平位置,将数字式人工头HMS IV.0放入驾驶位,并用安全带固定在座位上,如图6(a)所示。将数字式人工头与HEAD lab模块连接,该模块由电源模块lab PWR 1.2(代码3721)、6通道电压/ICP输入模块labVF6(代码3722)、lab HMS(代码3742)和控制器lab CTRL1.2(代码3702)组成。当所有设备连接好后,关好车门车窗。在进行试验时,气动声学风洞的温度严格控制在25±1 ℃,测量0°偏航角、120 km/h来流速度条件下的车内风噪声。采集时长为10 s,采样频率为48 000 Hz。使用汉宁窗,50%重叠率,将采集得到的时域信号进行傅里叶变换,结果如图6(b)所示。
使用2.1小节中计算得到的侧窗表面声压和流体动压作为乘员舱初始SEA模型的输入,风洞试验测得的驾驶员头部声压级频谱与预测频谱的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)作为模型声腔DLF谱的辨识目标,通过GWO算法调整声腔的DLF谱,使乘员舱初始SEA模型的预测频谱与试验测得的频谱的RMSE尽可能小。
250-8 000 Hz的1/3倍频程共有16个频带,故GWO算法中狼群个体的维度为16。个体每个维度下的寻优范围为0~1。因种群内个体的数量会影响算法的收敛性,故设置一系列不同个体数的种群进行200次迭代寻优,其RMSE结果如图7所示。
当种群个体数增加至20时,RMSE稳定在0.02 dB以下,且经过150次迭代,RMSE趋于收敛。综合考虑计算资源和收敛性能,GWO算法的种群个体数设置为20,迭代次数设置为150。输出最优个体的位置向量作为乘员舱初始SEA模型声腔的DLF谱。声腔参数经过辨识后的乘员舱模型即为样车的等效SEA模型,将该模型命名为ESEA-base。
为了验证等效SEA模型是否可以准确地捕捉到外部造型改动对乘员舱内风噪声的影响,此处比较3种造型配置情况,分别为通过改动样车的后视镜和A柱造型,得到配置1和配置2,以及无后视镜的配置3,如图8所示。
使用CFD计算这3种配置的侧窗表面声压和流体动压,并加载在ESEA-base模型上。将预测结果分别与对应风洞试验测得的驾驶员耳部声压级响应频谱进行对比,如图9所示。大多数的频带预测误差在±1 dB左右,最大误差不超过±3 dB。计算出预测频谱与试验频谱的RMSE以及总声压级,如表3所示。3种造型配置的总声压级预测相对误差平均值为1.47%,预测频谱的平均均方根误差为1.23 dB。
与此同时,采用经典的SEA方法建立该样车的统计能量模型,并与其等效SEA模型的预测性能进行对比。经典SEA模型包括652个平板子系统、60个单曲率壳子系统、2个双曲率壳子系统和186个声腔子系统,各子系统的爆炸图如图10所示。
使用经典SEA模型预测3种测试配置的车内风噪声响应,结果如表4所示。3种造型配置的总声压级预测相对误差的平均值为4.78%,预测频谱的平均均方根误差为4.20 dB,这与经典SEA模型总声压级的预测相对误差通常在5%左右相吻合[16]
与经典SEA模型相比,等效SEA模型可将预测的相对误差的均值从4.78%降至1.47%,说明其可以较为准确地预测外形配置改动后的乘员舱内风噪声响应,能够为汽车外形降噪优化工作提供较为准确的预测结果。
前文采用样车基础造型配置的风噪试验数据对其乘员舱初始SEA模型声腔参数进行辨识,得到了等效SEA模型ESEA-base,并且预测了3种外形配置改动后的车内风噪声响应。为了验证使用不同造型配置的风噪试验数据建立的等效SEA模型具有稳定的预测性能,分别使用该样车的3种改形配置的风噪试验数据构建出3个等效SEA模型,进一步使用这些等效SEA模型预测样车各外形配置的乘员舱风噪声响应,并与前文建立的ESEA-base模型的预测结果进行比较。
参数辨识的GWO算法的参数与前文保持一致,将根据配置1、配置2和配置3的风噪试验数据构建的风噪声等效SEA模型依次命名为ESEA-1、ESEA-2和ESAE-3。使用这3个等效SEA模型分别对4种配置(基础配置,配置1,配置2和配置3)的乘员舱风噪声进行预测。计算预测频谱与试验测得频谱的RMSE,结果如表5所示。
可以看出,ESEA-1、ESEA-2和ESAE-3模型在各配置下的风噪声预测频谱的RMSE均保持在2 dB以内,与ESEA-base模型的预测性能基本一致。说明使用其它外形配置的风噪试验数据构建的等效SEA模型也具备同样的预测性能,即等效SEA模型的预测性能不依赖于某一特定外形配置的风噪试验数据。
本文讨论了基于参数辨识建立汽车内风噪等效统计能量模型的建模方法,并以一款样车为例,建立其风噪等效SEA模型,并对样车在不同造型方案下的乘员舱风噪声进行了预测。分析了使用不同造型方案的风噪试验数据辨识出的等效SEA模型的预测性能。可以得到以下结论:
(1)基于参数辨识的等效SEA模型可以准确地捕捉到汽车造型改动后对乘员舱内风噪声的影响,能够为汽车造型优化工作提供一个较为精确的风噪声预测模型,减少风洞试验的次数,节约成本,具有较高的工程应用价值。
(2)等效SEA模型声腔DLF谱的辨识结果不依赖于某一特定外型配置的风噪试验数据,即采用不同外形配置的风噪试验数据辨识得到的等效SEA模型的预测性能是一致的。
(3)通过VA one软件的二次开发实现乘员舱初始SEA模型的建立和其声腔参数的辨识,可以提高等效模型的建模效率。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
HE Y Z,YANG Z G,WANG Y G,et al. An experimental study of automobile interior aerodynamic noise[C].2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering,2011: 3946-3949.
[2]
BUCHHEIM R,DOBRZYNSKI W,MANKAU H,et al. Vehicle interior noise related to external aerodynamics[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design,1982,3(4): 398-410.
[3]
MURAD N,NASER J,ALAM F,et al. Computational fluid dynamics study of vehicle A-pillar aero-acoustics[J]. Applied Acoustics,2013,74(6): 882-896.
[4]
CHEN X,WANG S,WU Y Q,et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of the aerodynamic noise reduction of automotive side view mirrors[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(4): 642-650.
[5]
LI Q,ZHONG L,WANG Y,et al. Multi-parameter optimization of automotive rear view mirror region for reducing aerodynamic noise[J]. Noise Control Engineering Journal,2018,66(1): 11-26.
[6]
HUA X,THOMAS A,SHULTIS K. Recent progress in battery electric vehicle noise,vibration,and harshness[J]. Science Progress,2021,104(1): 00368504211005224.
[7]
王毅刚,张婕,俞悟周,等. 基于统计能量法的汽车风噪传播特性分析[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(12): 1696-1704.
WANG Y G,ZHANG J,YU W Z,et al. Analysis of wind noise propagation characteristics of automobile based on statistical energy analysis[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2018,46(12): 1696-1704.
[8]
HE Y Z,SCHRÖDER S,SHI Z H,et al. Wind noise source filtering and transmission study through a side glass of DrivAer model[J]. Applied Acoustics,2020,160: 107161.
[9]
HE Y,WEN S,LIU Y,et al. Wind noise source characterization and transmission study through a side glass of DrivAer model based on a hybrid DES/APE method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering,2021,235(6): 1757-1766.
[10]
ZHONG L,LI Q,WANG Y,et al. Aerodynamic noise prediction of passenger vehicle with hybrid detached eddy simulation/acoustic perturbation equation method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering,2019,233(10): 2390-2404.
[11]
王亓良,陈鑫,张英朝,等. 基于直接CAA与SEA的汽车风噪预测与控制[J]. 汽车工程,2021,43(1): 86-93.
WANG Q L,CHEN X,ZHANG Y C,et al. Prediction and control of vehicle wind noise based on direct CAA and SEA[J]. Automotive Engineering,2021,43(1): 86-93.
[12]
LEE H R,KIM H Y,JEON J H,et al. Application of global sensitivity analysis to statistical energy analysis: vehicle model development and transmission path contribution[J]. Applied Acoustics,2019,146: 368-389.
[13]
HARTMANN M,OCKER J,LEMKE T,et al. Wind noise caused by the side-mirror and a-pillar of a generic vehicle model[C].18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference),2012: 2205-2230.
[14]
MIRJALILI S,MIRJALILI S M,LEWIS A. Grey wolf optimizer[J]. Advances in Engineering Software,2014,69: 46-61.
[15]
TANG J,LIU G,PAN Q. A review on representative swarm intelligence algorithms for solving optimization problems: applications and trends[J]. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica,2021,8(10): 1627-1643.
[16]
唐中华,贺岩松,马涛,等. 汽车声学包轻量化设计[J]. 汽车工程,2021,43(1): 113-120.
TANG Z H,HE Y S,MA T,et al. Lightweight design of automotive sound package[J]. Automotive Engineering,2021,43(1): 113-120.
2025年第47卷第5期
PDF下载
519
194
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016
  • 接收时间:2024-11-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-08
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07
  • 修回日期:2024-12-19
基金
作者信息
    1 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400030
    2 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆 401122

通讯作者:

贺岩松,教授,博士,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.016
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏