Article(id=1157001745483260132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1157001740768858346, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702396800000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-13, revisedDate=1708617600000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753780312175, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753780312175, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753780312175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753780312175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157001740768858346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, year='2024', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1334', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753780311052, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1756792480363, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1169635694612853253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1157001740768858346, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1169635694612853254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, issueId=1157001740768858346, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1147, endPage=1156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157001746678636778, articleId=1157001745483260132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=EN, title=Design of a Multi-functional Test Platform for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply System, columnId=null, journalTitle=Automotive Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, with the continuous enhancement of fuel cell power, hydrogen supply systems have been evolving towards blind-end anode topologies with hydrogen circulation. However, research on testing systems for hydrogen supply and circulation lags noticeably, particularly in the performance testing of core components such as hydrogen circulation pumps and injectors. Therefore, a multifunctional testing platform for fuel cell hydrogen supply systems is developed in this paper, enabling component testing, characteristic data acquisition, offline calibration, and other functionalities for hydrogen circulation systems with different configurations. The platform, by simulating the pressure drop, hydrogen consumption, and the production of water and heat in real fuel cells, mitigates the additional cost incurred by testing on the performance and lifespan of actual fuel cells. Ultimately, based on this platform, an anode pressure control and anode purge control test are conducted on the hydrogen supply system of a 150 kW fuel cell, verifying the capability of the developed testing platform to meet specific testing requirements for different loads.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Silong Zhang, Manzhi Liang, Hengkai Sun, Jicheng Chen, Hui Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1157001948181389674, articleId=1157001745483260132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, language=CN, title=燃料电池氢气供应系统多功能测试平台设计, columnId=null, journalTitle=汽车工程, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来,随着燃料电池功率的不断提升,氢气供给系统朝向带有氢循环的盲端阳极拓扑构型发展。然而,针对氢气供给和循环的测试系统研究明显滞后,尤其在氢气循环泵和引射器等核心部件的性能测试方面。本文研发了多功能燃料电池氢气供应系统测试平台,实现了对不同构型氢气循环方案的氢气供应系统的零部件测试和特性数据采集、离线标定等功能。平台通过模拟真实电堆的压降、氢气消耗及产水产热,消除了测试对真实电堆性能和寿命产生损耗而造成的额外成本。最后,基于该平台对150 kW燃料电池的氢气供应系统进行了阳极压力控制和阳极吹扫控制测试,验证了所开发测试平台能够针对不同负载满足相应测试需求。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张辉,教授,博士,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RiQo693tA9LxKERzvIwmZQ==, magXml=OeOx25kjenr85eDfKHpsbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mJ9F7Xle0rLiTZWA7okD9g==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gxvms1bE/S5imkBrBa+Hmg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张思龙, 梁满志, 孙珩凯, 陈继成, 张辉)}, authors=[Author(id=1157001956100235744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956192510435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956100235744, language=EN, stringName=Silong Zhang, firstName=Silong, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956247036390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956100235744, language=CN, stringName=张思龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001955919880658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955932463571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955940852180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1157001956288979435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956356088304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956288979435, language=EN, stringName=Manzhi Liang, firstName=Manzhi, middleName=null, lastName=Liang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu  225500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956402225651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956288979435, language=CN, stringName=梁满志, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟 225500, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001956016349656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001956024738266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001956016349656, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu  225500), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001956033126876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001956016349656, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟 225500)])]), Author(id=1157001956448362999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956515471867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956448362999, language=EN, stringName=Hengkai Sun, firstName=Hengkai, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956569997821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956448362999, language=CN, stringName=孙珩凯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001955919880658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955932463571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955940852180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1157001956620329473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956679049732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956620329473, language=EN, stringName=Jicheng Chen, firstName=Jicheng, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956737769990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956620329473, language=CN, stringName=陈继成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001955919880658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955932463571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955940852180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1157001956788101642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=huizhang285@buaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956851016206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956788101642, language=EN, stringName=Hui Zhang, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157001956901347858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, authorId=1157001956788101642, language=CN, stringName=张辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001955919880658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955932463571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955940852180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1157001958398714424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=fuel cell), Keyword(id=1157001958444851770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=hydrogen circulation), Keyword(id=1157001958490989116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=test platforms), Keyword(id=1157001958545515070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=燃料电池), Keyword(id=1157001958616818240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=氢气循环), Keyword(id=1157001958662955586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=测试平台)], refs=[Reference(id=1157001969480065869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L, NING L, YANG X, et al. Half-power prediction and its application on the energy management strategy for fuel cell city bus [J]. Automot. Innov. ,2023, 6(1):131-142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969538786129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S, ZHOU S, GAN W. System identification and decoupling controller design for fuel cell hydrogen injection system[C].2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2023: 1-5., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969643643732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王亚雄,王轲轲,钟顺彬,等.面向耐久性提升的车用燃料电池系统电控技术研究进展[J].汽车工程, 2022, 44(4): 545-559., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969693975383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y X, WANG K K, ZHONG S B, et al. Research progress in electronic control technology of vehicle fuel cell system for durability improvement[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 545-559., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969748501338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石晨旭,杜常清,王超,等.车用大功率燃料电池发动机进气系统控制[J].汽车工程,2023,45(11):2148-2156., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969794638683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI C X, DU C Q, WANG C, et al. Control of gas supply system of high power fuel cell engine for vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023,45(11):2148-2156., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969870136158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩济泉,孔祥程,冯健美,等. 大功率燃料电池汽车氢循环系统性能分析[J]. 汽车工程,2022,44(1):1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969924662113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN J Q,KONG X C,FENG J M,et al. Performance analysis of hydrogen cycle system for high power fuel cell vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering,2022,44(1):1-7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001969979188068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG B, HAO D, CHEN J, et al. Modeling and decentralized predictive control of ejector circulation-based PEM fuel cell anode system for vehicular application [J]. Automot. Innov. ,2022,5(3): 333-345., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970033714023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常九健,王晓林,方建平,等.质子交换膜燃料电池阴阳极压力控制策略研究[J].汽车工程,2021,43(10):1466-1471., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970138571626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG J J, WANG X L, FANG J P, et al. Study on control strategy for anode and cathode pressures in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021,43(10):1466-1471., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970209874797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马秋玉,王宇鹏,都京,等. 燃料电池发动机氢气循环设计方案综述[J]. 汽车文摘, 2019, 57 (4): 11-14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970256012144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Q Y,WANG Y P,DU J,et al. A review of hydrogen cycle design for fuel cell engines[J]. Automotive Digest, 2019, 57 (4): 11-14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970314732403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许有伟,陈桂银,吕平,等.燃料电池系统仿真分析及测试验证[J].汽车工程,2023,45(9):1710-1719., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970365064054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Y W, CHEN G Y, LÜ P, et al. Simulation analysis and test validation of fuel cell system[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 1710-1719., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970411201401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU L, XU L, HONG P, et al. Pressure-alternating gas impedance: a new pathway for estimating recirculation flow rate of ejectors to avoid fuel cell degradation[J]. eTransportation, 2023, 18: 100268., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970469921660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z, CHEN J, LIU H, et al. Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 275:115110., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970528641919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG S S, WU Z, CHENG J. Design of a fuel cell test system with fault identification[J]. Electronics, 2023, 12(15): 3365., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970587362178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=匡鹏,邵飞.一种基于模块化的燃料电池测试系统[J].船电技术, 2020, 40(12):6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970675442563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUANG P, SHAO F. A fuel cell stack test system based on modularization[J]. Marine Electric & Electronic Engineering, 2020, 40(12):6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970742551429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柴华,章桐,陈觉晓,等.燃料电池汽车动力系统测试平台的设计与验证[J].汽车技术,2019(1):25-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970809660295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAI H, ZHANG T, CHEN J, et al. Design and verification of fuel cell vehicle power system test platform [J]. Automobile Technology, 2019 (1):25-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970868380554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=方川,黄海燕,徐梁飞,等.一种多功能燃料电池堆实验台的研发[J].汽车工程,2019,41(4):361-366., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970931295117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG C,HUANG H Y,XU L F, et al. Research and development of a multi-functional fuel cell stack test platform [J]. Automotive Engineering,2019,41(4):361-366., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001970994209679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROSLI R E, SULONG A B, DAUD W R W, et al. The design and development of an HT-PEMFC test cell and test station [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(58): 30763-30771., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971048735633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIKIFOROW K, PENNANEN J, IHONEN J, et al. Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 381(mar.31): 30-37., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971099067283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘镇宁,江柯,赵韬韬,等.大功率质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统的开发及试验[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2022,52(9):2025-2033., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971153593238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z N, JIANG K, ZHAO T T, et al. Development and experimental of high⁃power proton exchange membrane fuel cell test system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ,2022,52(9):2025-2033., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971229090712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘枝红,颜娟娟,崔旭升,等.燃料电池发动机测试系统开发及应用[J].汽车电器,2022(8):9-11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971275228058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z H,YAN J J,CUI X S, et al. The development of fuel cell engine testing[J]. Auto Electric Parts, 2022 (8):9-11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971317171102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA T, LIN W, YANG Y, et al. Development of high frequency resistance test bench for high power fuel cell stack[C].8th Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2019),2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971363308449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN J Q,FENG J M,HOU T F,et al. Performance investigation of a multi-nozzle ejector for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,2021,45(2):3031-3048., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971430417314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞子卉,韩济泉,陈平,等.170 kW燃料电池系统引射器关键结构参数影响研究[J].汽车工程, 2022, 44(12): 1889-1895,1909., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971480748965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG Z H, HAN J Q, CHEN P, et al. Research on the influence of key structural parameters of ejectors for a 170 kW fuel cell system[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(12): 1889-1895,1909., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971535274919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志奎,段兴潮.转子流量计气体流量校正公式的推导和讨论[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1988(5):11-13,34., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971593995179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z K,DUAN X C. Derivation and discussion of gas flow correction formula for rotary flow meters [J]. Industrial Instrumentation & Automation,1988(5):11-13,34., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971661104045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕平,孙昕,许有伟,等.车用燃料电池堆低温停机吹扫试验研究[J].汽车工程,2023,45(11):2123-2129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157001971711435697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LÜ P, SUN X, XU Y W, et al. An experimental study on low temperature shutdown and purging of vehicle fuel cell stack[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023,45(11):2123-2129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157001955919880658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955932463571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001955940852180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001955919880658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1157001956016349656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001956024738266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001956016349656, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu  225500), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157001956033126876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, companyId=1157001956016349656, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟 225500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1157001967387108103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IeFBNBsvu0yKvXPmPWj8mA==, figureFileBig=wORGB6pnrT2bqA8CyvA5wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001967466799880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同氢气循环方案, figureFileSmall=IeFBNBsvu0yKvXPmPWj8mA==, figureFileBig=wORGB6pnrT2bqA8CyvA5wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001967517131531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ogy62CB39Hz5RqGuwERsnw==, figureFileBig=B87jCACTENDCJu1yS/1Zzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001967588434702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氢气供应循环系统测试平台架构, figureFileSmall=ogy62CB39Hz5RqGuwERsnw==, figureFileBig=B87jCACTENDCJu1yS/1Zzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001967886230288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XXJe3ezq4e6g0rhmHOqgtA==, figureFileBig=vQ34G2yEKJcz0aSbAh6IUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001967949144851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图3, caption=测试平台不同的氢气循环模式, figureFileSmall=XXJe3ezq4e6g0rhmHOqgtA==, figureFileBig=vQ34G2yEKJcz0aSbAh6IUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968028836628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hQ1CGjt/dsDgm2GUYAPong==, figureFileBig=Ys/wA/x0kOCFyCR1sMu8Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968083362582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图4, caption=电堆模拟系统控制结构, figureFileSmall=hQ1CGjt/dsDgm2GUYAPong==, figureFileBig=Ys/wA/x0kOCFyCR1sMu8Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968137888537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t+BY7nV3/T0FxCc+hKYRXg==, figureFileBig=D49S3cqnp0ic46JGDQ/iww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968204997403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图5, caption=电堆阳极压降曲线参考值, figureFileSmall=t+BY7nV3/T0FxCc+hKYRXg==, figureFileBig=D49S3cqnp0ic46JGDQ/iww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968259523357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h6rYQdavHYI/hCUk7GubiQ==, figureFileBig=4Kmv7FPNCAQGeHQvDz/OJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968318243615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图6, caption=氢气子系统测试台架实物图, figureFileSmall=h6rYQdavHYI/hCUk7GubiQ==, figureFileBig=4Kmv7FPNCAQGeHQvDz/OJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968364380961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Stzui+3z3WYAGFqEi6zKXg==, figureFileBig=pvPoHlCJGsy/8Mf3m1QncQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968423101219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图7, caption=30 kW功率点排水阀测试结果曲线, figureFileSmall=Stzui+3z3WYAGFqEi6zKXg==, figureFileBig=pvPoHlCJGsy/8Mf3m1QncQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968473432869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8Z7UpNDWCHGQXND7astLMw==, figureFileBig=SQks9oQbDgzuo/jlMOAYSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968519570215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图8, caption=100 kW功率点排水阀测试结果曲线, figureFileSmall=8Z7UpNDWCHGQXND7astLMw==, figureFileBig=SQks9oQbDgzuo/jlMOAYSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968578290473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=I56nLM+ysK6EMXHSZfbX4A==, figureFileBig=xlrsldedjay9X0QeGwDluA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968641205035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各功率下排水阀开启时长及均值曲线, figureFileSmall=I56nLM+ysK6EMXHSZfbX4A==, figureFileBig=xlrsldedjay9X0QeGwDluA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968695730989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SPvWdBgA4A66F4VKw5smrQ==, figureFileBig=JtVv8yM88nP5OIyoL7gb0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968767034159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图10, caption=30 kW功率点排氮阀各开启周期曲线图, figureFileSmall=SPvWdBgA4A66F4VKw5smrQ==, figureFileBig=JtVv8yM88nP5OIyoL7gb0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968842531634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=icMjAmk5nvnIuBeHrZka1A==, figureFileBig=uVW2nGNCMWN3EnmSLSBOrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968901251891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图11, caption=100 kW功率点排氮阀各开启周期曲线图, figureFileSmall=icMjAmk5nvnIuBeHrZka1A==, figureFileBig=uVW2nGNCMWN3EnmSLSBOrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001968976749365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=chI9B4/M1Piy+eS7Tor4EQ==, figureFileBig=rh5tTCGZ+hZDHb9U99NQ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001969027081016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=图12, caption=动态功率下排氮阀开启测试曲线图, figureFileSmall=chI9B4/M1Piy+eS7Tor4EQ==, figureFileBig=rh5tTCGZ+hZDHb9U99NQ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157001969077412666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
单电池数 413
活性面积 301 cm2
峰值功率(0.6 V, 2.0 A/cm2 150 kW
电压范围 165-413 V
氢气入口压力(峰值功率时) 260 kPa-a
氢气计量比 (峰值功率时) 1.5
氢气阻力降(峰值功率时) <15 kPa-a
空气入口压力(峰值功率时) 250 kPa-a
空气计量比 (峰值功率时) 1.7
空气阻力降(峰值功率时) <40 kPa-a
冷却液入口压力(峰值功率时) 250 kPa-a
冷却液阻力降(峰值功率时) <40 kPa-a
冷却液出口最大温度 90 ℃
), ArticleFig(id=1157001969140327228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

150 kW燃料电池参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
单电池数 413
活性面积 301 cm2
峰值功率(0.6 V, 2.0 A/cm2 150 kW
电压范围 165-413 V
氢气入口压力(峰值功率时) 260 kPa-a
氢气计量比 (峰值功率时) 1.5
氢气阻力降(峰值功率时) <15 kPa-a
空气入口压力(峰值功率时) 250 kPa-a
空气计量比 (峰值功率时) 1.7
空气阻力降(峰值功率时) <40 kPa-a
冷却液入口压力(峰值功率时) 250 kPa-a
冷却液阻力降(峰值功率时) <40 kPa-a
冷却液出口最大温度 90 ℃
), ArticleFig(id=1157001969203241792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电流密度/(A·cm-2 功率/kW

氮气消耗量/

(L·min-1

阳极进口

压力/kPa

流阻/kPa
0.102 2 10 23.15 115.3 0.96
0.211 0 20 48.02 131.6 1.46
0.321 3 30 73.01 148.2 2.77
0.433 3 40 98.52 165.0 3.99
0.546 0 50 124.10 181.9 5.06
0.662 4 60 150.60 199.4 5.64
0.782 9 70 178.00 217.4 6.06
0.907 4 80 206.20 236.1 6.57
1.034 0 90 235.10 251.7 7.13
1.173 0 100 266.80 258.7 7.70
1.328 0 110 302.00 260.0 8.39
1.509 0 120 343.00 260.0 8.97
1.700 0 130 386.50 260.0 9.34
), ArticleFig(id=1157001969270350660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各功率点系统状态设定值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电流密度/(A·cm-2 功率/kW

氮气消耗量/

(L·min-1

阳极进口

压力/kPa

流阻/kPa
0.102 2 10 23.15 115.3 0.96
0.211 0 20 48.02 131.6 1.46
0.321 3 30 73.01 148.2 2.77
0.433 3 40 98.52 165.0 3.99
0.546 0 50 124.10 181.9 5.06
0.662 4 60 150.60 199.4 5.64
0.782 9 70 178.00 217.4 6.06
0.907 4 80 206.20 236.1 6.57
1.034 0 90 235.10 251.7 7.13
1.173 0 100 266.80 258.7 7.70
1.328 0 110 302.00 260.0 8.39
1.509 0 120 343.00 260.0 8.97
1.700 0 130 386.50 260.0 9.34
), ArticleFig(id=1157001969329070919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件 参数 数值
供氢引射集成模块 压力范围 0-350 kPa
除水效率 ≥90%
最大流量 1 700 L/min
匹配电堆功率 ≤170 kW
工作气体温度 -40~105 ℃
储水容积 ≥120 mL
排水阀 额定工作电压 24 VDC
功率 10 W
通径 3.5 mm
排氮阀 额定工作电压 24 VDC
功率 10 W
通径 3 mm
), ArticleFig(id=1157001969404568392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146120084050784272, articleId=1157001745483260132, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

待测氢气供应系统主要部件参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件 参数 数值
供氢引射集成模块 压力范围 0-350 kPa
除水效率 ≥90%
最大流量 1 700 L/min
匹配电堆功率 ≤170 kW
工作气体温度 -40~105 ℃
储水容积 ≥120 mL
排水阀 额定工作电压 24 VDC
功率 10 W
通径 3.5 mm
排氮阀 额定工作电压 24 VDC
功率 10 W
通径 3 mm
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146119049450201092, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程, nameEn=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-680X, eissn=, cn=11-2221/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Auto Eng, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1755587219741, createdBy=null, updatedBy=15831073675, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, picEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1164580465202643295, language=CN, name=汽车工程, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219763, updatedTime=1755587219763, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/CN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1164580465248780640, language=EN, name=Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/1000-680X/home.shtml, createdTime=1755587219774, updatedTime=1755587219774, createdBy=15831073675, updatedBy=15831073675, submissionGuidelinesUrl=https://www.qichegongcheng.com/EN/column/column6.shtml, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://journal03.magtechjournal.com/journalx_qcgc/editorInChiefLogOn.action, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146120084050784272, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202387206565, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112776, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500958911, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1148622315115540535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1751782500294, updateTime=1751782500294, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315094569012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1751782500289, updateTime=1751782500289, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315081986099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1751782500286, updateTime=1751782500286, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315107151926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1751782500292, updateTime=1751782500292, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1148622315102957621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202387206565, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1751782500291, updateTime=1751782500291, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1155829970321686531, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146120084050784272, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1753500939211, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753500939211, updateBy=18614031015, name=《汽车工程》英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Automotive Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155830904879702095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753501162023, updateTime=1753501162023, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904858730572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753501162018, updateTime=1753501162018, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904837759051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=+W0ZN6/p6N8AvZxnX71krg==, createTime=1753501162013, updateTime=1753501162013, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904875507790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753501162022, updateTime=1753501162022, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155830904867119181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1155829970321686531, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753501162020, updateTime=1753501162020, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=0, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Automotive Engineering, journalPhotoCn=QBBRQev7wkMVPuUPGz0mFw==, journalPhotoEn=p+MsLQKu3DZkDibBsTBu1Q==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/EN/PDF/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
燃料电池氢气供应系统多功能测试平台设计
收藏切换
PDF下载
张思龙 1 , 梁满志 2 , 孙珩凯 1 , 陈继成 1 , 张辉 1
汽车工程 | 2024,46(7): 1147-1156
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程 | 2024, 46(7): 1147-1156
燃料电池氢气供应系统多功能测试平台设计
全屏
张思龙1, 梁满志2, 孙珩凯1, 陈继成1, 张辉1
作者信息
  • 1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084
  • 2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟 225500

通讯作者:

张辉,教授,博士,E-mail:
Design of a Multi-functional Test Platform for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply System
Silong Zhang1, Manzhi Liang2, Hengkai Sun1, Jicheng Chen1, Hui Zhang1
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing  100084
  • 2. School of Automotive Engineering,Changshu Institute of Technology,Changshu  225500
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002
文章导航
收藏切换

近年来,随着燃料电池功率的不断提升,氢气供给系统朝向带有氢循环的盲端阳极拓扑构型发展。然而,针对氢气供给和循环的测试系统研究明显滞后,尤其在氢气循环泵和引射器等核心部件的性能测试方面。本文研发了多功能燃料电池氢气供应系统测试平台,实现了对不同构型氢气循环方案的氢气供应系统的零部件测试和特性数据采集、离线标定等功能。平台通过模拟真实电堆的压降、氢气消耗及产水产热,消除了测试对真实电堆性能和寿命产生损耗而造成的额外成本。最后,基于该平台对150 kW燃料电池的氢气供应系统进行了阳极压力控制和阳极吹扫控制测试,验证了所开发测试平台能够针对不同负载满足相应测试需求。

燃料电池  /  氢气循环  /  测试平台

In recent years, with the continuous enhancement of fuel cell power, hydrogen supply systems have been evolving towards blind-end anode topologies with hydrogen circulation. However, research on testing systems for hydrogen supply and circulation lags noticeably, particularly in the performance testing of core components such as hydrogen circulation pumps and injectors. Therefore, a multifunctional testing platform for fuel cell hydrogen supply systems is developed in this paper, enabling component testing, characteristic data acquisition, offline calibration, and other functionalities for hydrogen circulation systems with different configurations. The platform, by simulating the pressure drop, hydrogen consumption, and the production of water and heat in real fuel cells, mitigates the additional cost incurred by testing on the performance and lifespan of actual fuel cells. Ultimately, based on this platform, an anode pressure control and anode purge control test are conducted on the hydrogen supply system of a 150 kW fuel cell, verifying the capability of the developed testing platform to meet specific testing requirements for different loads.

fuel cell  /  hydrogen circulation  /  test platforms
张思龙, 梁满志, 孙珩凯, 陈继成, 张辉. 燃料电池氢气供应系统多功能测试平台设计. 汽车工程, 2024 , 46 (7) : 1147 -1156 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002
Silong Zhang, Manzhi Liang, Hengkai Sun, Jicheng Chen, Hui Zhang. Design of a Multi-functional Test Platform for Fuel Cell Hydrogen Supply System[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024 , 46 (7) : 1147 -1156 . DOI: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002
质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)凭借其高效能、零排放等核心优势,已在交通运输、小型发电站、便携式电源等领域实现小规模的商业化应用验证1-3。目前,对大功率燃料电池系统的需求不断增加,推动了燃料电池各子系统的改进发展4。氢气供给系统趋向匹配氢循环的盲端阳极拓扑构型发展以进一步提升氢气利用率,其氢循环方案也发展至包含氢气循环泵或引射器的不同循环方案,包括引射器方案(或多级引射器方案)、氢气循环泵方案、氢循环泵与引射器串联方案以及氢循环泵与引射器并联方案等5-7,如图1所示。氢气供应系统作为燃料电池核心子系统,直接影响燃料电池效率和输出性能,在研究过程中受到重点关注。在其开发流程中,往往须根据氢气系统单独构建测试台,且直接在真实电堆上开展测试,此类测试台不具备复用性,难以切换以匹配不同功率的系统或其他构型氢气系统的测试需求。此外,直接在实际电堆上测试,极易造成电堆本身的损耗甚至破坏,而造成开发过程中的额外成本8-9。因此,有必要建立具备完整测试能力的氢气供应系统测试平台。本文研发了兼容不同氢气循环方案的多功能燃料电池氢气系统测试平台,该平台通过模拟真实电堆的压降、氢气消耗及产水产热,降低了测试平台对真实电堆的依赖。
目前聚焦氢气供应系统测试平台的相关研究仍然较少,且大多是基于特定功能的专用台架。Xu等10构建了基于引射器的氢气系统测试台,以测试验证其提出的引射器流量模型,该试验台通过缓冲罐模拟阳极容腔,质量流量控制器来模拟气体消耗,管路中配置手动阀调节流阻。Liu等11搭建了面向阳极气体吹扫策略研究的测试平台,其在电堆的氢气入口和出口均有水气分离器和气体采样点,通过配备的气相色谱仪对采样气体进行成分分析,以得到实时运行中的阳极氮气浓度。
在燃料电池综合测试平台方面,加拿大Greenlight、德国FuelCon和美国Arbin等公司相关研究起步较早,已形成不同功率等级的系列化产品12。国内也陆续开发了中小功率型测试系统,此外,部分高校和机构也开发了专用性或适用性更强的测试系统。匡鹏等13设计了一种基于模块化的燃料电池测试系统,兼顾可维护性和可复用性,支持最大功率为60 kW的燃料电池系统测试。柴华等14开发了燃料电池汽车动力系统的分布式多任务动态测试平台,该平台可实现车辆运行环境、道路振动适应性和动态道路阻力的模拟,旨在应用于整个燃料电池动力系统的开发流程。方川等15研发了面向电堆的多功能测试平台,该平台匹配有集成阳极和阴极出口背压主动调节功能和阴阳极双循环功能,实现了研究所需的电堆输出特性。Rosli等16基于Labview研制了高温燃料电池系统测试平台,对燃料电池参数进行监测和控制。Nikiforow 等17设计了5 kW燃料电池的拉载试验平台并进行了试验,验证了基于引射器的氢气供应系统可满足拉载过程中的氢气需求。目前燃料电池系统持续向100 kW以上的大功率发展,但面向高功率的测试平台仍有不足。刘镇宁等18设计并搭建了最高可测试120 kW的大功率燃料电池试验台,其整合并优化了氢气、空气和热管理系统,可评估燃料电池系统预期设计性能。刘枝红等19设计开发了100 kW燃料电池发动机测试系统,其可对包括系统起动特性、稳态工况特性、动态响应特性等燃料电池性能及可靠性进行测试。Ma等20设计了大功率燃料电池阻抗监测器,并搭建了试验平台,实现了含水量的在线诊断。这些研究都大大促进了氢气供应系统测试平台及燃料电池系统综合测试平台的成熟和发展。
根据以上研究现状可以看出,目前国内外相关企业和科研机构对于氢气供应系统的测试研究多基于无法复用的专用测试台架,或者涵盖于更复杂的燃料电池系统测试平台中,这些测试台多依赖真实电堆开展测试,鲜有单独针对氢气供应系统的测试平台。为研发具有先进水平的高可靠性大功率燃料电池系统,急需可适配不同氢气系统构型且可匹配不同功率的氢气供给系统研发测试平台。为此,本文研发了多功能氢气系统测试平台,该平台可切换不同氢气循环模式,且可调节不同功率,可实现氢气供应系统核心零部件进行综合性能测试,也可作为吹扫控制和压力控制等策略的试验研究平台。此外,基于该平台对150 kW燃料电池的氢气供应系统进行了阳极压力控制和阳极吹扫控制测试。
本文设计的燃料电池氢气供应系统测试平台主要包括:流量计、开关阀、引射器、氢气循环泵、电堆模拟系统、水汽分离器、压力传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器等,如图2所示。其中减压阀、引射器、循环泵和水汽分离器作为待测件,是氢气供应系统的关键部件。电堆模拟系统是测试平台核心,其主要由比例阀、气体质量流量控制器、液体质量流量控制器、水蒸发器、中冷器和水泵等组成,通过分别控制比例阀、气体质量流量控制器和液体质量流量控制器,实现系统的气体压降、氢气消耗、产水量的控制,以逼近电堆运行过程中的系统状态。
气瓶中的高压氢气经过减压后通过比例阀进入模拟电堆系统,经过比例阀调节使进入电堆的氢气压力符合电堆工作条件。水汽分离器将电堆出口的氢气进行水汽分离,并通过氢气循环系统将电堆反应后剩余的氢气回收重新输入电堆中,提高氢气利用率。排气阀的作用是将由阴极渗透至阳极的氮气排出系统外,使阳极侧氢气浓度保持较高水平。排水阀的作用是将电堆内的液态水排出以防水淹。
本文设计的测试平台可适配不同氢气循环构型的氢气供应系统。 通过调整开关阀状态,测试平台可实现不同的氢气循环模式,如图3所示。
(1) 单引射器模式
开启开关阀5,关闭开关阀2、3、4,测试平台可实现单引射器的氢循环模式,如图3(a)所示。此模式下的氢气供应系统,通过控制包括比例阀开度、排水阀排氮阀开关频率和开关时长,以实现不同工作点下的电堆入口压力和流量。
(2) 单循环泵模式
开启开关阀2、3,关闭开关阀4、5,测试平台可实现单循环泵的氢循环模式,如图3(b)所示。此模式下电堆出口的气体经过汽水分离后,由循环泵重新进入电堆。在此模式下,可对包括比例阀开度、循环泵转速、排水阀排氮阀开关频率和开关时长进行控制,以研究以上参数在不同工况下对电堆的运行状态的影响。
(3) 引射器和循环泵串联模式
由于引射器本身的结构特性,其低功率条件下进入系统的氢气流量(一次流量)较小,且较小的流速产生的剪切力作用较弱,造成引射流量(二次流量)同样较小;另一方面,因为电堆在低功率下对氢循环比的需求更高,单引射器难以满足电堆低功率工况下的需求21-22。为匹配燃料电池宽范围的工作功率区间,循环泵和引射器串联的氢气循环构型应运而生,在低功率段循环泵单独工作,当功率持续增加,逐渐降低循环泵转速至零后,循环泵退出工作,仅由引射器实现氢气循环。通过开启开关阀4、5,关闭开关阀2、3,测试平台可实现循环泵和引射器串联的氢循环模式,如图3(c)所示。
(4) 引射器和循环泵并联模式
类似串联方案,引射器结构特性导致低功率段的引射能力不足,因此在低功率段需循环泵辅助增加二次流量。在引射器与循环泵并联状态下,氢气供应循环系统可以保持泵送压力相同,两者所提供的循环流量之和能够满足不同功率。但在逐渐增大功率的过程中循环泵的转速应逐渐减小直至循环泵停止运行。通过开启开关阀3、5,关闭开关阀2、4,测试平台可实现引射器和循环泵并联的氢循环模式,如图3(d)所示。
电堆模拟系统主要模拟实际电堆运行过程中的系统状态,其中比例阀控制阳极的气体压降;气体质量流量控制器实现氢气的消耗,需要指出的是,通过气体换算,测试平台可将氢气换成氮气或空气等气体,实现相同的氢气供应系统测试效果;液体质量流量控制器则控制进入水蒸发器内的水流量,从而实现不同负载下产水量的控制。对于电堆温度,认为待测燃料电池系统中的冷却系统控制效果理想,可将电堆温度始终控制至理想区间 (80 ℃)。电堆阳极出口温度一般和电堆的温度保持一致。考虑到水蒸发器出口温度(120 ℃)始终大于电堆正常运行时的温度,故通过中冷器将电堆模拟系统出口气体冷却至80 ℃,以此模拟电堆正常运行时的温度。
本文中电堆模拟系统以峰值功率为150 kW的未势能源G15电堆为对象,其主要技术参数见表1。阳极压降以电堆实测值为目标,气体消耗和产水量根据电堆当前功率由电化学反应计算得出,电堆模拟系统控制结构如图4所示。
图5所示为电堆制造商出厂试验的阳极压降实测值,可以看出压降基本与电堆功率正相关。
在测试平台中,阳极压降p drop可表示为
p d r o p = p 3 - p 4
式中p 3p 4分别为测试台压力传感器P3和P4的压力值,kPa。根据压降偏差对比例阀进行抗饱和PI控制,控制电压公式如下:
U ( k ) = K p , p v × p d r o p ( k ) - p d r o p * ( k ) +           t = 0 k K i , p v p d r o p ( t ) - p d r o p * ( t ) -
          K b , p v u p v t - s p v t
式中: k为离散化的过程变量,即k时刻;‘*’表示变量的参考值,其中 p d r o p为当前的阳极压降, p d r o p *为当前功率下的阳极压降参考值;K p,pvK i,pv分别为比例系数和积分系数;K b,pv表示反馈抗积分饱和系数,取K b,pv =K i,pv /K p,pvs pvt)、u pvt)分别为k时刻抗饱和PI控制输出限幅前和限幅后的信号值。
燃料电池工作时,氢气和氧气发生化学反应生成水的同时,一部分能量转换成电能,另一部分能量通过热的形式耗散。在该过程中,生成水均为气态水对应的焓值为242 kJ/mol,即低热值(LHV)。
燃料电池运行中的氢气消耗可计算为
q H 2 = 3600 × M H 2 × P o u t 1000 × L H V × η
式中: q H 2为氢气的消耗量,kg/h; M H 2为氢气的摩尔质量,g/mol;P out为电堆的输出功率,kW;η为燃料电池电堆的效率。
气体质量流量控制器的设定流量q c,air包括基础控制流量q c1,air和根据流量偏差由PI控制得到的流量设定增量q c2,air,其中基础控制流量即根据式(3)计算得到的氢气消耗量,即
q c 1 , a i r = q H 2
q c , a i r = q c 1 , a i r + q c 2 , a i r
电化学反应生成水的量同样可由电堆输出功率直接计算得到,但燃料电池一般为阴极产水,阳极的水主要是阴极渗透而来。阳极产生的水可计算为
q H 2 O = 3600 × M H 2 O × P o u t 1000 × L H V × η × λ
式中: q H 2 O为阳极产水量,kg/h; M H 2 O为水的摩尔质量,g/mol;λ为燃料电池阴极水的渗透比。
液体质量流量控制器的设定流量q c,water由基础控制流量q c1,water和根据目标流量值与实际流量值差值通过PI控制得到的流量设定增量q c2,water组成,其中基础控制流量即根据式(6)计算得到的阳极产水量,即
q c 1 , w a t e r = q H 2 O
q c , w a t e r = q c 1 , w a t e r + q c 2 , w a t e r
搭建氢气供应系统测试平台,如图6所示。以某150 kW电堆的氢气供应系统为测试对象,通过电堆模拟系统模拟该电堆不同功率下的状态值,包括氮气消耗量(氢气换算23)、阳极进口压力、流阻等,如表2所示。对于不同功率范围的电堆测试切换,可在测试平台控制器中输入其他功率电堆的各功率点系统状态设定值,以及阳极压降等电堆制造商出厂试验技术参数。该氢气供应系统的氢气循环方案为双级引射器方案,其结构为图2(a)中的单引射器构型,其中的比例阀、引射器、水汽分离器、排水阀和排氮阀均集成在供氢引射集成模块中,如图6所示。待测氢气供应系统主要部件参数如表3所示。
在研发的测试平台上,对氢气供应系统进行压力控制测试和吹扫控制测试,验证其关键零部件包括比例阀、排水阀和排氮阀,同时验证测试平台在不同功率点时的运行能力。
在燃料电池实际运行过程中,以集液器上液位计触发为目标值确定排水阀开关状态,通过定期打开排水阀,将汽水分离器累积在集液器中的水排出。在排水阀开启过程中,集液器内水未排尽时,液面短暂形成液封,继续开启而水排尽后,液封消失,此时阳极压力骤降。故排水阀开启时长一般须小于液体排尽时长以保证阳极压力稳定。但不同功率下阳极压力不同,排水阀开启时长亦不同。本文在所搭建测试平台上进行了不同功率下的排水阀开启时长测试。
图7图8分别为30 和100 kW下的测试结果。曲线中,粉线为排水阀开启时刻,蓝线为系统压力即将快速下降的时刻,即集液器液封位置,粉线和蓝线之间即有效排水且不导致内部压力骤降的排水时长。液位计信号0表示有水,水位线已至液位计高度,液位计信号1代表引射器液位暂未达到液位计高度。
进一步测试了各功率下的排水阀最大开启时长,如图9所示。可以看出,低功率时由于电堆阳极压力更小,排水时间明显更长;随功率增加,压力增大,排水时长减小,但当功率大于80 kW后,此时电堆压力为236 kPa,功率继续增大时排水时长并不继续减小,排尽集液器内液体最少需要1.1 s,这与排水阀K v值相关,即受限于排水阀阀芯尺寸。
在采用盲端阳极的燃料电池运行过程中,阳极氮气浓度超过25%前有必要进行吹扫11。目前对于阳极净化吹扫策略的研究大多基于电堆输出电压衰减或者离线标定的方式进行24。本文在所搭建的测试平台上进行了不同排氮阀开启频率的测试。根据电堆厂家说明手册,排氮阀单次开启时长设置为0.7 s,0-50 kW的开启周期设置为9±3 s,50 kW以上的开启周期设定为6±2 s。在测试过程中,通过控制一级和二级比例阀的开度,维持阳极压力。30和100 kW下的排氮阀开启试验结果如图10图11所示。
30 kW时,阳极进口压力目标值为148.2 kPa,对氢气消耗量进行等量代换后的氮气消耗量为73.01 L/min。分别以6、9和12 s为周期开启排氮阀,测试结果分别如图10(a)~图10(c)所示。根据测试结果,比例阀1开度为55%,比例阀2关闭时,引射器出口压力稳定为148 kPa,流量控制器出口流量即消耗流量保持73 L/min,其与电堆入口流量基本相当,引射器引射比维持为1.7左右。以周期6 s开启排氮阀,一级比例阀开度补偿10%,提前排氮阀开启0.2 s时开始补偿时,出口压力能保持稳定;当排氮阀开启周期为9 s时,一级比例阀开度补偿10%,并在排氮阀开启前0.2 s时开始补偿,出口压力能够继续保持稳定。此外,当一级比例阀不进行开度补偿时,可以看到随着排氮阀开启,出口压力逐渐下降;当以周期12 s开启排氮阀,一级比例阀开度补偿9%,提前排氮阀开启0.2 s时开始补偿时,出口压力能保持稳定。不同排氮阀开启周期下,系统压力、流量及引射比随排氮阀开启时刻小幅波动,总体维持稳定。
100 kW时,电堆进口压力目标值为258.7 kPa,氮气消耗量为266.8 L/min。分别以4、6和8 s为周期开启排氮阀,测试结果分别如图11(a)~图11(c)所示。可以看出,一级比例阀开度为85%,二级比例阀开度为53%时,出口压力可稳定为258.7 kPa,流量控制器出口流量与电堆入口流量保持266.8 L/min,引射器引射比稳定在1.0附近。以周期4 s开启排氮阀,二级比例阀开度补偿9%,提前0.2 s开始补偿时,出口压力能保持稳定;排氮阀的开启周期为6 s时,二级比例阀开度补偿8%,并在排氮阀开启前0.2 s时开始补偿,出口压力可维持稳定;当以8 s为周期开启排氮阀,二级比例阀开度补偿8%,提前0.2 s开始补偿时,出口压力能基本稳定。
进一步在测试平台上进行了动态功率下排氮阀开启测试。试验结果如图12所示,其中目标功率变化过程见图12中的第1图。
可以看出,不同功率下电堆压力、流量和气体消耗量等均能准确跟踪设定值,其中气体消耗流量与状态设定值最大误差不超过5 L/min,电堆压力与状态设定值误差在10 kPa内。功率变化时,流量和压力瞬态响应误差均不超过10%。
上述测试结果表明,电堆模拟系统能准确模拟真实电堆的压力、流量和气体消耗量等,测试平台能对引射器、排水阀和排氮阀等核心部件进行测试,同时测试平台也能对阳极压力控制策略和吹扫控制策略等进行测试验证。
针对不同燃料电池氢气循环方案的测试要求,设计研发了带有电堆模拟系统的多功能燃料电池氢气供应系统测试平台。测试平台不仅可以匹配不同氢气循环方案的氢气供应系统,可实现包括氢循环泵、引射器和水汽分离器等核心部件的综合性能测试,也为研究燃料电池氢气供应系统的吹扫控制和压力控制提供了良好的试验研究平台。
基于该测试平台对匹配双级引射器氢气循环方案的氢气供应系统进行了测试研究,包括排水测试和吹扫控制测试。结果表明,电堆模拟系统能准确模拟真实电堆的压力、流量和气体消耗量等,测试平台能对引射器、排水阀和排氮阀等核心部件进行测试标定,也能作为燃料电池控制器开发过程中作为阳极压力控制策略和吹扫控制策略等的测试验证平台。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
ZHANG L, NING L, YANG X, et al. Half-power prediction and its application on the energy management strategy for fuel cell city bus [J]. Automot. Innov. ,2023, 6(1):131-142.
2
ZHANG S, ZHOU S, GAN W. System identification and decoupling controller design for fuel cell hydrogen injection system[C].2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2023: 1-5.
3
王亚雄,王轲轲,钟顺彬,等.面向耐久性提升的车用燃料电池系统电控技术研究进展[J].汽车工程, 2022, 44(4): 545-559.
WANG Y X, WANG K K, ZHONG S B, et al. Research progress in electronic control technology of vehicle fuel cell system for durability improvement[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 545-559.
4
石晨旭,杜常清,王超,等.车用大功率燃料电池发动机进气系统控制[J].汽车工程,2023,45(11):2148-2156.
SHI C X, DU C Q, WANG C, et al. Control of gas supply system of high power fuel cell engine for vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023,45(11):2148-2156.
5
韩济泉,孔祥程,冯健美,等. 大功率燃料电池汽车氢循环系统性能分析[J]. 汽车工程,2022,44(1):1-7.
HAN J Q,KONG X C,FENG J M,et al. Performance analysis of hydrogen cycle system for high power fuel cell vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering,2022,44(1):1-7.
6
ZHANG B, HAO D, CHEN J, et al. Modeling and decentralized predictive control of ejector circulation-based PEM fuel cell anode system for vehicular application [J]. Automot. Innov. ,2022,5(3): 333-345.
7
常九健,王晓林,方建平,等.质子交换膜燃料电池阴阳极压力控制策略研究[J].汽车工程,2021,43(10):1466-1471.
CHANG J J, WANG X L, FANG J P, et al. Study on control strategy for anode and cathode pressures in proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021,43(10):1466-1471.
8
马秋玉,王宇鹏,都京,等. 燃料电池发动机氢气循环设计方案综述[J]. 汽车文摘, 2019, 57 (4): 11-14.
MA Q Y,WANG Y P,DU J,et al. A review of hydrogen cycle design for fuel cell engines[J]. Automotive Digest, 2019, 57 (4): 11-14.
9
许有伟,陈桂银,吕平,等.燃料电池系统仿真分析及测试验证[J].汽车工程,2023,45(9):1710-1719.
XU Y W, CHEN G Y, LÜ P, et al. Simulation analysis and test validation of fuel cell system[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 1710-1719.
10
XU L, XU L, HONG P, et al. Pressure-alternating gas impedance: a new pathway for estimating recirculation flow rate of ejectors to avoid fuel cell degradation[J]. eTransportation, 2023, 18: 100268.
11
LIU Z, CHEN J, LIU H, et al. Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 275:115110.
12
XIONG S S, WU Z, CHENG J. Design of a fuel cell test system with fault identification[J]. Electronics, 2023, 12(15): 3365.
13
匡鹏,邵飞.一种基于模块化的燃料电池测试系统[J].船电技术, 2020, 40(12):6.
KUANG P, SHAO F. A fuel cell stack test system based on modularization[J]. Marine Electric & Electronic Engineering, 2020, 40(12):6.
14
柴华,章桐,陈觉晓,等.燃料电池汽车动力系统测试平台的设计与验证[J].汽车技术,2019(1):25-30.
CHAI H, ZHANG T, CHEN J, et al. Design and verification of fuel cell vehicle power system test platform [J]. Automobile Technology, 2019 (1):25-30.
15
方川,黄海燕,徐梁飞,等.一种多功能燃料电池堆实验台的研发[J].汽车工程,2019,41(4):361-366.
FANG C,HUANG H Y,XU L F, et al. Research and development of a multi-functional fuel cell stack test platform [J]. Automotive Engineering,2019,41(4):361-366.
16
ROSLI R E, SULONG A B, DAUD W R W, et al. The design and development of an HT-PEMFC test cell and test station [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(58): 30763-30771.
17
NIKIFOROW K, PENNANEN J, IHONEN J, et al. Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 381(mar.31): 30-37.
18
刘镇宁,江柯,赵韬韬,等.大功率质子交换膜燃料电池测试系统的开发及试验[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2022,52(9):2025-2033.
LIU Z N, JIANG K, ZHAO T T, et al. Development and experimental of high⁃power proton exchange membrane fuel cell test system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ,2022,52(9):2025-2033.
19
刘枝红,颜娟娟,崔旭升,等.燃料电池发动机测试系统开发及应用[J].汽车电器,2022(8):9-11.
LIU Z H,YAN J J,CUI X S, et al. The development of fuel cell engine testing[J]. Auto Electric Parts, 2022 (8):9-11.
20
MA T, LIN W, YANG Y, et al. Development of high frequency resistance test bench for high power fuel cell stack[C].8th Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2019),2020.
21
HAN J Q,FENG J M,HOU T F,et al. Performance investigation of a multi-nozzle ejector for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J]. International Journal of Energy Research,2021,45(2):3031-3048.
22
庞子卉,韩济泉,陈平,等.170 kW燃料电池系统引射器关键结构参数影响研究[J].汽车工程, 2022, 44(12): 1889-1895,1909.
PANG Z H, HAN J Q, CHEN P, et al. Research on the influence of key structural parameters of ejectors for a 170 kW fuel cell system[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(12): 1889-1895,1909.
23
王志奎,段兴潮.转子流量计气体流量校正公式的推导和讨论[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1988(5):11-13,34.
WANG Z K,DUAN X C. Derivation and discussion of gas flow correction formula for rotary flow meters [J]. Industrial Instrumentation & Automation,1988(5):11-13,34.
24
吕平,孙昕,许有伟,等.车用燃料电池堆低温停机吹扫试验研究[J].汽车工程,2023,45(11):2123-2129.
LÜ P, SUN X, XU Y W, et al. An experimental study on low temperature shutdown and purging of vehicle fuel cell stack[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023,45(11):2123-2129.
2024年第46卷第7期
PDF下载
339
134
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002
  • 接收时间:2023-12-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-13
  • 修回日期:2024-02-23
基金
作者信息
    1. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京 100084
    2. 常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,常熟 225500

通讯作者:

张辉,教授,博士,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcygc/CN/10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏