Article(id=1154016879124402200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1154016878675611672, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.01.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1650988800000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-27, revisedDate=1656432000000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753068664579, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753068664579, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753068664579, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753068664579, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1154016878675611672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2024', volume='14', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='153', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753068664473, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757481546563, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172525847715136459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1154016878675611672, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172525847715136460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1154016878675611672, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154016879506083866, articleId=1154016879124402200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=A Review of LiDAR-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Methods for Autonomous Driving, columnId=1153813376129028490, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=Review and Rrospect, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology enables autonomous vehicles to estimate their own poses and establish the map of an unknown environment according to the data collected by onboard sensors. SLAM can provide localization information to the decisionmaking module for vehicle planning, and has become one of the research hotspots of autonomous driving technology in recent years. Based on the point cloud data collected by LiDAR, this paper focuses on the SLAM technology applied in autonomous driving. The related research at home and abroad has been reviewed including the frontend odometry, the backend optimization and loop closure detection. Due to the limitations of a single sensor, the opportunities and challenges of multisensor fusion SLAM technology for autonomous driving are discussed based on the research hotspots and difficulties in the field of multisensor fusion.
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同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)技术可使自动驾驶车辆在未知环境中根据车载传感器采集到的数据估计自身位姿,建立环境地图,为车辆的规划、决策提供定位信息,是近年来自动驾驶技术研究的热点之一。基于车载激光雷达的点云数据,聚焦SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的应用,围绕前端里程计、后端优化和回环检测技术,对国内外相关研究进行综述。考虑到单一传感器的局限性,结合目前多传感器融合研究的热点与难点,展望了自动驾驶多传感器融合SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的机遇与挑战。
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李颖(1991-),女,安徽池州人,预聘助理教授,主要研究方向为自动驾驶感知、多传感器融合感知、移动激光扫描、点云处理、几何和语义建模和高精度地图。Tel: 18626876417 E-mail:
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张庚(1997-),男,北京市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为自动驾驶同步定位与建图。Tel: 18201625972 E-mail: 3120200430@bit.edu.cn
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张庚(1997-),男,北京市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为自动驾驶同步定位与建图。Tel: 18201625972 E-mail: 3120200430@bit.edu.cn
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自动驾驶车辆常用定位手段, figureFileSmall=NBsXAvw5PxflziX6bOmUPg==, figureFileBig=+yHi3Iklds2K51PLfLyIfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154016902838997083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1154016879124402200, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B+0o54bKpp2Rqjxutcs+cg==, figureFileBig=i4RSSAsG7jj/BdfyNRa+PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154016902889328732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1154016879124402200, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=
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| 传感器 | 水平视场角/ (°) | 垂直视场角/ (°) | 优点 | 缺点 |
| 相机 | 单目相机 | | 90 | 60 | 成本低,前装量产易 | 存在尺度不确定性 |
| 双目相机 | 69 | 42 | 室内外应用不受限制 | 计算资源消耗大 |
| 深度相机 | 70 | 60 | 深度信息准确 | 探测距离近, 室外应用难 |
| 激光雷达 | 机械式旋转激光雷达 | 单线雷达 | 360 | | 成本低, 视场角大 | 无垂直方向信息 |
| 多线雷达 | 360 | 30 | 点云数据规整, 视场角大 | 体积大,前装量产难 |
| 固态激光雷达 | 40 | 36 | 体积小, 稳定性高 | 探测距离近 |
| 半固态激光雷达 | 70 | 70 | 视场覆盖率随积分时间增大而提高 | 高速场景点云畸变严重 |
), ArticleFig(id=1154016903002574942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1154016879124402200, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
SLAM 核心传感器优缺点对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 传感器 | 水平视场角/ (°) | 垂直视场角/ (°) | 优点 | 缺点 |
| 相机 | 单目相机 | | 90 | 60 | 成本低,前装量产易 | 存在尺度不确定性 |
| 双目相机 | 69 | 42 | 室内外应用不受限制 | 计算资源消耗大 |
| 深度相机 | 70 | 60 | 深度信息准确 | 探测距离近, 室外应用难 |
| 激光雷达 | 机械式旋转激光雷达 | 单线雷达 | 360 | | 成本低, 视场角大 | 无垂直方向信息 |
| 多线雷达 | 360 | 30 | 点云数据规整, 视场角大 | 体积大,前装量产难 |
| 固态激光雷达 | 40 | 36 | 体积小, 稳定性高 | 探测距离近 |
| 半固态激光雷达 | 70 | 70 | 视场覆盖率随积分时间增大而提高 | 高速场景点云畸变严重 |
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