Article(id=1153982908579701632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702915200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-19, revisedDate=1703692800000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753060565370, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753060565370, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753060565370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753060565370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153982905148760948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2024', volume='14', issue='2', pageStart='155', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753060564553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757481557522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172525893714063985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172525893714063986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153982905148760948, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=287, endPage=293, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153982909112378242, articleId=1153982908579701632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Study on the Effects of Different Impact Angles on the Protection Test Area of Two-Wheeler Riders, columnId=1153982906444796692, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=17th INFATS 2023, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Research on traffic accident data shows that twowheeler riders are at a high risk of injury. New car assessment protocols have started to impose requirements for the protection of twowheeler riders. According to the changes in the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (CIASI) 2023 version, this paper analyzes the differences in head shape injuries at different impact angles by selecting car models that meet the requirements and conducting comparative experiments. The test results show that the injury severity at an impact Angle of 45° is greater than that at an impact angle of 65°.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kun PENG, Huowang WAN, Guo LIU, Xiaobo PENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153982955291664534, articleId=1153982908579701632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=CN, title=不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究, columnId=1153982906570625814, journalTitle=汽车工程学报, columnName=第17届国际汽车交通安全学术会议精选论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对交通事故数据的研究表明,两轮车骑行人也面临很高的受伤风险,各新车评价规程也开始对骑行人保护做出要求。根据中国保险汽车安全指数2023版规程的变化,通过选取符合要求的部分车型开展对比试验,分析在不同撞击角度下的头型伤害差异。试验结果表明,在撞击角度为45°时的伤害值大于撞击角度65°时的伤害值。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=

万火旺(1987年-),男,湖北云梦人,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全。Tel: 18580471905 E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=q3DC1eVoQ62HDuiDBVJfvg==, magXml=CHFCZEVgEJHIlmTQavPU0g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UGSfOYIDqlUtY5YFqJ+QYg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wla9LLr8pEzO//LGsd1SuA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

彭锟(1990年-),男,重庆市人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全法规及相关测试。Tel: 18580875281 E-mail:

, authorsList=彭锟, 万火旺, 刘果, 彭小波)}, authors=[Author(id=1153982957028106421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pengkun@caeri.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957111992504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957028106421, language=EN, stringName=Kun PENG, firstName=Kun, middleName=null, lastName=PENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957183295672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957028106421, language=CN, stringName=彭锟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122, bio={"img":"m82CamCuwCJP5Bdua3x3BA==","content":"

彭锟(1990年-),男,重庆市人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全法规及相关测试。Tel: 18580875281 E-mail:

"}, bioImg=m82CamCuwCJP5Bdua3x3BA==, bioContent=

彭锟(1990年-),男,重庆市人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全法规及相关测试。Tel: 18580875281 E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153982956872917164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956877111469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956889694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122)])]), Author(id=1153982957309124795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wanhuowang@caeri.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957434953919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957309124795, language=EN, stringName=Huowang WAN, firstName=Huowang, middleName=null, lastName=WAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China
2 State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology Chongqing 401122 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957497868481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957309124795, language=CN, stringName=万火旺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122
2 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室 重庆 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153982956872917164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956877111469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956889694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1153982956944220336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956952608945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956944220336, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956956803250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956944220336, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室 重庆 401122)])]), Author(id=1153982957564977347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957653057734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957564977347, language=EN, stringName=Guo LIU, firstName=Guo, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957703389384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957564977347, language=CN, stringName=刘果, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153982956872917164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956877111469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956889694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122)])]), Author(id=1153982957791469769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957858578635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957791469769, language=EN, stringName=Xiaobo PENG, firstName=Xiaobo, middleName=null, lastName=PENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1153982957938270413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, authorId=1153982957791469769, language=CN, stringName=彭小波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153982956872917164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956877111469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956889694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1153982958282203352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=China insurance automotive safety index), Keyword(id=1153982958349312218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=pedestrian protection), Keyword(id=1153982958420615389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=two-wheeler rider), Keyword(id=1153982958496112864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=head impact), Keyword(id=1153982958571610338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=中国保险汽车安全指数), Keyword(id=1153982958647107814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=行人保护), Keyword(id=1153982958743576808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=骑行人), Keyword(id=1153982958856823019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=头部碰撞)], refs=[Reference(id=1153982961562149173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021., articleTitle=中国统计年鉴, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982961637646647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=National Bureau of the People's Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of the People's Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (in Chinese), articleTitle=China Statistical Yearbook, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982961721532729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=王岩, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王岩. 基于人车事故数据的行人碰撞后运动及损伤规律研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2017., articleTitle=基于人车事故数据的行人碰撞后运动及损伤规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982961771864379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=WANG Yan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yan. Research on Pedestrian's Kinematics and Injury Pattern after Collision Based on Real Pedestrian Vehicle Accident Data[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2017. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on Pedestrian's Kinematics and Injury Pattern after Collision Based on Real Pedestrian Vehicle Accident Data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982961859944764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=160, issue=null, pageStart=106305, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=GAO Wenrui, BAI Zhonghao, ZHU Feng, journalName=Accident Analysis & Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Wenrui, BAI Zhonghao, ZHU Feng, et al. A Study on the Cyclist Head Kinematic Responses in Electric-Bicycle-to-Car Accidents Using Decision-Tree Model[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2021,160:106305., articleTitle=A Study on the Cyclist Head Kinematic Responses in Electric-Bicycle-to-Car Accidents Using Decision-Tree Model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982961939636541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=15, pageStart=2177, pageEnd=2192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LI Fan, LI Honggeng, XIAO Zhi, journalName=Current Pharmaceutical Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Fan, LI Honggeng, XIAO Zhi, et al. A Review on Injury Mechanism of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Vehicle Accidents[J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2017,23(15):2177-2192., articleTitle=A Review on Injury Mechanism of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Vehicle Accidents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962006745407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=SCHMITT KU, NIEDERER P, MUSER M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHMITT KU, NIEDERER P, MUSER M, et al. Trauma Biomechanics[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2010., articleTitle=Trauma Biomechanics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962057077056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=1, issue=1-3, pageStart=100, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=YANG Jingzhen, journalName=International Journal of Vehicle Safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Jingzhen. Review of Injury Biomechanics in Car-Pedestrian Collisions[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Safety, 2005,1(1-3):100-117., articleTitle=Review of Injury Biomechanics in Car-Pedestrian Collisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962111603008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=56, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=王仲旭, 陈泽平, 鲁誉, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王仲旭, 陈泽平, 鲁誉, 等. 两轮车事故影响因素分析及损伤机理研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(10):56-62., articleTitle=两轮车事故影响因素分析及损伤机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962166128961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=56, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WANG Zhongxu, CHEN Zeping, LU Yu, journalName=Automobile Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhongxu, CHEN Zeping, LU Yu, et al. Research on Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler Accidents and Injury Mechanisms[J]. Automobile Technology, 2022(10):56-62. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler Accidents and Injury Mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962220654914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=01-1052, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=CHEN Qiang, DAI Bing, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Qiang, DAI Bing. Characteristics and Casualty Analysis of Two-Wheeler Accidents in China, Data Source: The China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS)[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 2018:01-1052., articleTitle=Characteristics and Casualty Analysis of Two-Wheeler Accidents in China, Data Source: The China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962270986563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=罗逍, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗逍. 面向正面碰撞工况的碰撞预判系统关键技术研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2016., articleTitle=面向正面碰撞工况的碰撞预判系统关键技术研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962333901124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LUO Xiao, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Xiao. Research on Key Problems of Pre-Crash System in Frontal Collisions[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2016. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on Key Problems of Pre-Crash System in Frontal Collisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962388427077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=22, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=FREDRIKSSON R, SUI Bo, journalName=2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, Sept. 9-11, 2015, Lyon, France, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FREDRIKSSON R, SUI Bo. Fatal Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) Crashes in Germany-An In-Depth Study of the Events, Injuries and Injury Sources[C]// 2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, Sept. 9-11, 2015, Lyon, France, 2015:22-33., articleTitle=Fatal Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) Crashes in Germany-An In-Depth Study of the Events, Injuries and Injury Sources, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962442953030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77298/euro-ncap-vru-testing-protocol-v903.pdf, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Euro NCAP, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Euro NCAP. Vulnerable Road User Testing Protocol, Version 9.0.3[Z/OL]. 2023. https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77298/euro-ncap-vru-testing-protocol-v903.pdf., articleTitle=Vulnerable Road User Testing Protocol, Version 9.0.3, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962501673287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司, 中保研汽车技术研究院有限公司, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司, 中保研汽车技术研究院有限公司. 中国保险汽车安全指数规程第3部分:车外行人安全指数碰撞试验规程(2023年版):C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO[Z]. 重庆: 2023., articleTitle=中国保险汽车安全指数规程第3部分:车外行人安全指数碰撞试验规程(2023年版):C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962556199240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., CIRI Auto Technology Institute Co., Ltd, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., CIRI Auto Technology Institute Co., Ltd. China Insurance Automobile Safety Index: Part 3: Pedestrian Safety Index Pedestrian Protection Test Protocol(2023 ver): C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO[Z]. Chongqing: 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=China Insurance Automobile Safety Index: Part 3: Pedestrian Safety Index Pedestrian Protection Test Protocol(2023 ver): C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962610725193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司. C-NCAP管理规则(2021年版)附录B行人保护试验方法[Z]. 天津: 2022., articleTitle=C-NCAP管理规则(2021年版)附录B行人保护试验方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962665251146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd. C-NCAP Management Regulation (2021 Edition) Appendix B Pedestrian Protection Testing Methods[Z]. Tianjin: 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=C-NCAP Management Regulation (2021 Edition) Appendix B Pedestrian Protection Testing Methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962728165707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=50, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=龙永程, 费敬, 李雪玲, journalName=汽车技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龙永程, 费敬, 李雪玲, 等. 基于事故重建的骑车人头部碰撞测评工况研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2023(4):50-56., articleTitle=基于事故重建的骑车人头部碰撞测评工况研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962795274572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=50, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LONG Yongcheng, FEI Jing, LI Xueling, journalName=Automobile Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LONG Yongcheng, FEI Jing, LI Xueling, et al. Research on Two-Wheeler Head Crash Evaluation Conditions Based on Accident Reconstruction[J]. Automobile Technology, 2023(4):50-56. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on Two-Wheeler Head Crash Evaluation Conditions Based on Accident Reconstruction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962858189133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=刘金明, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘金明. 基于真实事故再现的行人头部动态响应与损伤评价研究[D]. 湖南: 湖南科技大学, 2022., articleTitle=基于真实事故再现的行人头部动态响应与损伤评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962921103694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LIU Jinming, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jinming. Research on Pedestrian Head Dynamic Response and Injury Assessment via Reconstruction of Real World Collisions[D]. Hunan: Hunan University of Science and Technology, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on Pedestrian Head Dynamic Response and Injury Assessment via Reconstruction of Real World Collisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982962984018256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1971, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=710881, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=VERSACE J, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VERSACE J. A Review of the Severity Index[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1971:710881., articleTitle=A Review of the Severity Index, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982963042738513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=LUIS M, LUIS JG, GUSTAVO F, journalName=Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), June 18-21, 2007, Lyon, France, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUIS M, LUIS JG, GUSTAVO F, et al. Stiffness Corridors of the European Fleet for Pedestrian Simulations[C]// Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), June 18-21, 2007, Lyon, France, 2007:1-15., articleTitle=Stiffness Corridors of the European Fleet for Pedestrian Simulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982963101458771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=973318, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=MERTZ H J, PRASAD P, IRWIN A L, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MERTZ H J, PRASAD P, IRWIN A L. Injury Risk Curves for Children and Adults in Frontal and Rear Collisions[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1997:973318., articleTitle=Injury Risk Curves for Children and Adults in Frontal and Rear Collisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982963160179028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=942231, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=OTTE D, journalName=SAE Technical Papers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OTTE D. Design and Structure of the Windscreen as Part of Injury Reduction for Car Occupants, Pedestrians and Bicyclists[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1994:942231., articleTitle=Design and Structure of the Windscreen as Part of Injury Reduction for Car Occupants, Pedestrians and Bicyclists, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982963223093590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=40, issue=null, pageStart=703, pageEnd=716, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LYONS M, SIMMS C K, journalName=International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LYONS M, SIMMS C K. Predicting the Influence of Windscreen Design on Pedestrian Head Injuries[J]. International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, 2012,40:703-716., articleTitle=Predicting the Influence of Windscreen Design on Pedestrian Head Injuries, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1153982963311173976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=100, issue=null, pageStart=97, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LI Guibing, YANG Jikuang, SIMMS C, journalName=Accident Analysis and Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Guibing, YANG Jikuang, SIMMS C. Safer Passenger Car Front Shapes for Pedestrians: A Computational Approach to Reduce Overall Pedestrian Injury Risk in Realistic Impact Scenarios[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2017,100:97-110., articleTitle=Safer Passenger Car Front Shapes for Pedestrians: A Computational Approach to Reduce Overall Pedestrian Injury Risk in Realistic Impact Scenarios, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1153982956872917164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956877111469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956889694382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956872917164, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1153982956944220336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956952608945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956944220336, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology Chongqing 401122 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1153982956956803250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, companyId=1153982956944220336, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室 重庆 401122)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1153982959729238268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=a0z2AuOLDqS3u/wSx0cehw==, figureFileBig=r6TgUrIJzFCAEsQ0ztkCdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982959871844608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=头型试验, figureFileSmall=a0z2AuOLDqS3u/wSx0cehw==, figureFileBig=r6TgUrIJzFCAEsQ0ztkCdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982959922176257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=enTB6Lr3/HTqqyo4IJRlFA==, figureFileBig=WYDa+eT8G/+LChPVIXGAYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982959985090820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=$\mathrm{A}$ 车和 $\mathrm{B}$ 车结果曲线对比, figureFileSmall=enTB6Lr3/HTqqyo4IJRlFA==, figureFileBig=WYDa+eT8G/+LChPVIXGAYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960035422472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3xpeWiw28Bfq1XohUTOiKg==, figureFileBig=amXVGoW8jN/pWQ59NR/MYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960127697163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=$\mathrm{C}$ 车结果曲线对比, figureFileSmall=3xpeWiw28Bfq1XohUTOiKg==, figureFileBig=amXVGoW8jN/pWQ59NR/MYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960190611725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bcZEJGLk38MdXtYK4I0ZnQ==, figureFileBig=1eSNqvV9EAhHvWR/0OeSjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960266109202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=D 车结果曲线对比, figureFileSmall=bcZEJGLk38MdXtYK4I0ZnQ==, figureFileBig=1eSNqvV9EAhHvWR/0OeSjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960341606675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RYT23q+SICeqA0KQtf5XdQ==, figureFileBig=/5qER+y7Uq97jnvgK7Uq6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960400326933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=E 车结果曲线对比, figureFileSmall=RYT23q+SICeqA0KQtf5XdQ==, figureFileBig=/5qER+y7Uq97jnvgK7Uq6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960463241494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WSGM+UxHsa0bzGFT1tm8Yw==, figureFileBig=3H7xMlLcQ0Ga3zxuzlwQRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960526156056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=F车结果曲线对比, figureFileSmall=WSGM+UxHsa0bzGFT1tm8Yw==, figureFileBig=3H7xMlLcQ0Ga3zxuzlwQRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960576487706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hs6gk2iXxTNbRZhtH6IrlQ==, figureFileBig=igJyX7UMLZ7fWig7f7ekjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960639402268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=角度、目标点和接触点示意, figureFileSmall=hs6gk2iXxTNbRZhtH6IrlQ==, figureFileBig=igJyX7UMLZ7fWig7f7ekjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960685539613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oGVBMJdlqE/0J/omaY8yQA==, figureFileBig=GoNMbGwXefPZHnTe7NAXOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960765231391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=A 车 65°试验照片, figureFileSmall=oGVBMJdlqE/0J/omaY8yQA==, figureFileBig=GoNMbGwXefPZHnTe7NAXOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960832340258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PVuqepNAF0RaQWNh1QDtOQ==, figureFileBig=qLmOrEuoEJFlMV6TtQEpMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960899449124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=$\mathrm{A}$ 车 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 试验照片, figureFileSmall=PVuqepNAF0RaQWNh1QDtOQ==, figureFileBig=qLmOrEuoEJFlMV6TtQEpMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982960966557990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A+CY88oxZ8lRX5dRJLd4fg==, figureFileBig=xKaiGRAcTm9Qk28u1fCg7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982961021083944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A+CY88oxZ8lRX5dRJLd4fg==, figureFileBig=xKaiGRAcTm9Qk28u1fCg7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982961075609899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=OcOVIf2WlJuxvhqbyrsAlg==, figureFileBig=HL+Ipfxp6sX8Svll8TiwBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982961159495981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=图 11, caption=F 车 45°试验照片, figureFileSmall=OcOVIf2WlJuxvhqbyrsAlg==, figureFileBig=HL+Ipfxp6sX8Svll8TiwBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1153982961234993454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 撞击点 冲击角度/(°) 冲击速度/
A A1 65 40.51 535
A A1 45 40.15 1074
B A1 45 39.84 989
C A1 65 39.92 437
C A1 45 39.81 817
D A2 65 40.27 597
D A2 45 40.57 719
E A2 65 39.85 510
E A2 45 39.75 833
F A3 65 40.26 539
F A3 45 39.90 707
), ArticleFig(id=1153982961306296623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=头型撞击试验结果数据, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 撞击点 冲击角度/(°) 冲击速度/
A A1 65 40.51 535
A A1 45 40.15 1074
B A1 45 39.84 989
C A1 65 39.92 437
C A1 45 39.81 817
D A2 65 40.27 597
D A2 45 40.57 719
E A2 65 39.85 510
E A2 45 39.75 833
F A3 65 40.26 539
F A3 45 39.90 707
), ArticleFig(id=1153982961360822576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 撞击 撞击)/(°)
A 31.3 76.3 96.3
B 30.2 75.2 95.2
C 27.2 72.2 92.2
D 28.4 73.4 93.4
E 27.7 72.7 92.7
F 29.5 74.5 94.5
), ArticleFig(id=1153982961453097266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153982908579701632, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=各角度数据, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
车型 撞击 撞击)/(°)
A 31.3 76.3 96.3
B 30.2 75.2 95.2
C 27.2 72.2 92.2
D 28.4 73.4 93.4
E 27.7 72.7 92.7
F 29.5 74.5 94.5
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1149663730306166798, delFlag=0, nameCn=汽车工程学报, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2095-1469, eissn=null, cn=50-1206/U, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1752030793026, updatedTime=1761730209297, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=Q, firstLetterEn=Q, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, picEn=AzxyR8a1Jh9nr4is1i+eyQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190346030903296709, language=CN, name=汽车工程学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761730209327, updatedTime=1761730209327, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190346030945239750, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761730209337, updatedTime=1761730209337, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://tougao.ijournals.cn/ch/index.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1152916057816748034, websiteList=[Website(id=1153018156433002908, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1152916057816748034, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1752830550535, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1752831104570, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程学报, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=汽车工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1154109936599552608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753090851211, updateTime=1753090851211, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936578581085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753090851206, updateTime=1753090851206, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936561803868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=AAkd3aJi43D2QHSdjNHtbQ==, createTime=1753090851202, updateTime=1753090851202, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936591163999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753090851209, updateTime=1753090851209, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109936586969694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156433002908, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753090851208, updateTime=1753090851208, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1153018156516888991, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1152916057816748034, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1752830550556, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1752831098136, updateBy=18614031015, name=汽车工程学报, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=汽车工程学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1154109989737189989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=articleTextType, value=hep, createTime=1753090863880, updateTime=1753090863880, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989716218466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753090863875, updateTime=1753090863875, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989695246945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic?fileId=AAkd3aJi43D2QHSdjNHtbQ==, createTime=1753090863870, updateTime=1753090863870, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989732995684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1753090863879, updateTime=1753090863879, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1154109989724607075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1153018156516888991, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1753090863877, updateTime=1753090863877, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=汽车工程学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, journalPhotoCn=jNBfZbtw0oWUAJwGjDXBiw==, journalPhotoEn=AzxyR8a1Jh9nr4is1i+eyQ==, journalFirstLetter=Q, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
彭锟 1 , 万火旺 1, 2 , 刘果 1 , 彭小波 1
汽车工程学报 | 第17届国际汽车交通安全学术会议精选论文 2024,14(2): 287-293
收起
收藏切换
汽车工程学报 | 第17届国际汽车交通安全学术会议精选论文 2024, 14(2): 287-293
不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究
全屏
彭锟1 , 万火旺1, 2 , 刘果1, 彭小波1
作者信息
  • 1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122
  • 2 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室 重庆 401122
  • 彭锟(1990年-),男,重庆市人,学士,工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全法规及相关测试。Tel: 18580875281 E-mail:

通讯作者:


万火旺(1987年-),男,湖北云梦人,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全。Tel: 18580471905 E-mail:
Study on the Effects of Different Impact Angles on the Protection Test Area of Two-Wheeler Riders
Kun PENG1 , Huowang WAN1, 2 , Guo LIU1, Xiaobo PENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd. Chongqing 401122 China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology Chongqing 401122 China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12
文章导航
收藏切换

对交通事故数据的研究表明,两轮车骑行人也面临很高的受伤风险,各新车评价规程也开始对骑行人保护做出要求。根据中国保险汽车安全指数2023版规程的变化,通过选取符合要求的部分车型开展对比试验,分析在不同撞击角度下的头型伤害差异。试验结果表明,在撞击角度为45°时的伤害值大于撞击角度65°时的伤害值。

中国保险汽车安全指数  /  行人保护  /  骑行人  /  头部碰撞

Research on traffic accident data shows that twowheeler riders are at a high risk of injury. New car assessment protocols have started to impose requirements for the protection of twowheeler riders. According to the changes in the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (CIASI) 2023 version, this paper analyzes the differences in head shape injuries at different impact angles by selecting car models that meet the requirements and conducting comparative experiments. The test results show that the injury severity at an impact Angle of 45° is greater than that at an impact angle of 65°.

China insurance automotive safety index  /  pedestrian protection  /  two-wheeler rider  /  head impact
彭锟, 万火旺, 刘果, 彭小波. 不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究. 汽车工程学报, 2024 , 14 (2) : 287 -293 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12
Kun PENG, Huowang WAN, Guo LIU, Xiaobo PENG. Study on the Effects of Different Impact Angles on the Protection Test Area of Two-Wheeler Riders[J]. Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2024 , 14 (2) : 287 -293 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12
我国载人两轮车现象极为普遍, 根据《中国统计年鉴 2021》可知, 2020 年我国共发生交通事故 244674 起,其中,两轮车事故共有 48400 起,占比 19.8%,造成 10974 人死亡,占交通事故总死亡人数的 17.8% [ 1 ] 。对于弱势群体来说,其受伤概率最大的部位为头部和下肢 [ 2 ] ,头部损伤是交通事故中最主要的致命因素之一 [ 3 ] ,交通事故中典型的行人头部损伤包括头皮损伤、颅骨骨折和脑损伤,其中, 脑损伤可分为局灶性脑损伤 (主要是血肿和挫伤)和弥漫性脑损伤(主要是弥漫性轴突损伤和脑震荡) [ 4 - 6 ] ,且两轮车与车辆发生碰撞后,地面对人体会造成更大的损伤 [ 7 ] 。中国自行车协会数据显示, 至 2022 年,我国两轮电动车保有量约 3.5 亿辆。随着电动两轮车的广泛应用, 交通事故中汽车和两轮车 (摩托车、自行车、电动自行车) 碰撞事故在我国道路交通事故中占有很大比例, 是典型事故形态之一 [ 8 ] 。德国事故深度调查系统(German In-Depth Accident Study, GIDAS)、美国国家高速公路安全管理局(National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NHTSA)、日本国家交通事故研究与分析机构(Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, ITARDA) 等 [ 9 ] 统计的数据为当地汽车与两轮车、汽车与行人的事故类型研究提供了重要的数据支持。其中, GIDAS 是世界上最著名的深度调查事故数据库之一, 该数据库里的每个汽车与两轮车碰撞事故案例均有详细的信息;NHTSA 每年都会发布发生在美国的包括两轮车在内的各类道路交通事故数据的分析报告。FREDRIKSSON 等 [ 10 ] 利用GIDAS数据库对德国某地区的两轮车事故的致命因素进行了统计分析。中国当前涉及到两轮车交通事故深度调查的机构或数据库最近几年才开始兴起, 如国家车辆事故深度调查体系 (National Automobile Accident In-depth Investigation System, NAIS)、中国交通事故深入研究(China In-Depth Accident Study, CIDAS)等调查研究机构,以 NAIS 和 CIDAS 为代表的数据库中拥有当前国内缺乏的汽车与两轮车碰撞事故的数据信息。依据这些数据的分析, 进一步规范市场上电动自行车的安全标准, 国家标准委对原标准进行了修改, 新版的标准是 GB 17761-2018 《电动自行车安全技术规范》。
为应对交通事故中的新场景, 进一步减小事故中对于弱势道路群体造成的伤害, 以欧洲新车安全评价组织(European New Car Assessment Programme, Euro NCAP)为代表的机构开始在试验规程中加入对于骑行者保护的测试和评价。中国保险汽车安全指数 (China Insurance Automotive Safety Index, C-IASI)和中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)也在其最新的版本中加入了对骑行者的测试。本文主要依据 C-IASI 车外行人安全指数碰撞试验规程 (2023 版), 对不同撞击角度下得到的试验结果进行研究, 并分析其中的差异性。
由于每个地区所研究的人体体型和两轮车规格不一样, 所以各规程的试验方法也不相同。Euro NCAP VUR 试验规程中骑行者试验区域为包络线 (Wrap Around Distance, WAD) ${2100} \sim {2500}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , 碰撞角度为与水平面成 ${65}^{ \circ }$ [ 11 ] ; C-IASI 车外行人碰撞规程中,骑行者试验区域根据车辆发动机罩前缘基准线 (Bonnet Leading Edge Reference Line, BLERL)高度分成两种,当BLERL高度 $> {850}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时, 无需扩大区域, 不进行两轮车骑行者的试验, 当BLERL高度 $\leq {850}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 时,试验区域为 WAD 2 ${100} \sim {2300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,碰撞角度为与水平面成 ${45}^{ \circ }$ [ 12 ] ; C-NCAP 行人保护试验规程中骑行者试验区域为 WAD ${2100} \sim {2300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,碰撞角度为与水平面成 ${60}^{ \circ }$ [ 13 ] 。由于之前的成人头型区域的碰撞角度为 ${65}^{ \circ }$ , Euro NCAP 新版的骑行者保护碰撞角度同为 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 。本研究选取 ${65}^{ \circ }$${45}^{ \circ }$ 两个角度进行试验。
骑行者头部碰撞点明显靠后, 在覆盖 90% 的碰撞点范围条件下,轿车 WAD 达到 ${2300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,而 SUV的WAD为 ${1700}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$[14] 。提取事故再现中的行人头部一车辆碰撞边界条件参数, 分析了行人头部- 车辆碰撞边界条件特征后, 得出 61.4% 的事故案例头部碰撞位置在风挡玻璃上, 风挡玻璃是行人头部主要的碰撞位置;WAD 在 ${1.5} \sim {2.3}\mathrm{\;m}$ 范围内 [ 15 ] , 由于轿车 WAD ${2100} \sim {2300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的试验点绝大部分位于前风挡玻璃上, 选取位于该区域内几个不同位置的试验点, 试验点分布在玻璃靠中间和靠边缘的位置。
根据选取的试验角度, C-IASI 规程里的骑行者试验区域主要针对 BLERL 高度 $\leq {850}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的车辆, 该部分车辆基本为轿车, 而对于发动机罩前缘较高的车辆, 无需扩大头部碰撞区域。选取 6 款市面常见的轿车开展试验研究。
该试验执行C-IASI车外行人试验规程。对于同一种车型,使用 ${4.5}\mathrm{\;{kg}}$ 成人头型与水平面成 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角 ( 图 1 )的冲击试验点;为了减小更换玻璃对试验结果产生的影响, 第 1 次试验完成并更换玻璃后, 至少等待 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 再开展第 2 次试验。第 2 次试验使用和第 1 次试验相同的成人头型, 碰撞角度为与水平面成 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角,冲击相同的试验点。
记录每次试验的冲击角度、冲击速度、接触点偏移量等参数, 保存试验前后的照片, 采集试验高速摄像和头型内部 3 个加速度数据。
根据采集到的头型内部 $x\text{、}y\text{、}z$ 三个方向的加速度来计算合成加速度 $a$ ,然后根据式 (1),得到反映头型伤害指标的 ${\mathrm{{HIC}}}_{15}$ 值。
$ \mathrm{{HIC}} = \left( {{t}_{2} - {t}_{1}}\right) {\left\lbrack \frac{1}{{t}_{2} - {t}_{1}}{\int }_{{t}_{1}}^{{t}_{2}}a\mathrm{\;d}t\right\rbrack }^{2.5}\text{。} $
式中: $a$ 为测量出的合成加速度,单位 $\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2};{t}_{1}$${t}_{2}$ 分别为在冲击过程中的两个时刻, 表示记录开始与记录结束时两个时刻之间的某一段时间间隔, 在该时间间隔内HIC取最大值 ${\left( {t}_{2} - {t}_{1} \leq {15}\mathrm{\;{ms}}\right) }^{\left\lbrack {16}\right\rbrack }$
由于行人保护头型试验在大多数情况下没有明确的触发信号可以分析, 在加速度达到峰值前, 加速度变化大于 ${19.62}\mathrm{\;m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$ 的时刻定义为 ${t}_{0}$ 时刻 [ 17 ] 。汽车安全研究中将 HIC=1 000 作为头部碰撞伤害的极限值。学者们将 HIC 与简明损伤等级 (Abbreviated Injury Scale, AIS) 进行关联并提出,当 HIC 值达到 750 时会造成中度伤害(AIS2 级),超过 1250 时会造成较严重伤害(AIS3 级),超过 1750 时会造成非常严重伤害 (AIS4级), 严重威胁生命安全 [ 18 ]
根据数据处理的方法, 使用数据处理软件 EVAluation 对试验数据进行处理, 得到的结果见 表 1 。由于 $\mathrm{A}$ 车和 $\mathrm{B}$ 车属于同类别车型,只在 $\mathrm{A}$ 车上进行了 65°角撞击试验。
通过上述数据比较可知, 对于同一车型的同一试验点, 在冲击速度相差不大的情况下, 撞击角度为 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 时所产生的伤害值大于 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角。试验车型的试验点预测均为绿色, 根据评价规程, 其中有 4 个车型在 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时发生了颜色跳变,另外两个车型虽然颜色没有跳变,但也在跳变的边缘。
表 1 可知, 同一车型在两个不同撞击角度下的试验结果差异明显。对 6 个车型头型试验数据的合成加速度波形进行分析对比,如 图 2 ~6 所示。
由波形分析得出峰值加速度分布在 ${1670}\mathrm{\;m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$ 左右,波形的走势差异较大。A 车、B 车、C 车波形比较相似,以 65°角撞击时,加速度产生的明显尖峰到达峰值后迅速下降;在 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时,波峰附近持续时间较长, 下降缓慢, 产生了较大的伤害值;分析得出 3 个车型的 45° 角撞击是产生了非典型破例。 $\mathrm{D}$ 车和 $\mathrm{F}$ 车在 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时的峰值加速度均比 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时小,但所产生的 ${\mathrm{{HIC}}}_{15}$ 伤害值更大。 $\mathrm{E}$ 车虽然两次试验的波形走势较为一致,但在 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时的波峰峰值加速度比 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角时的高,因而产生了更大的伤害值。
OTTE [ 19 ] 通过对德国深度事故研究数据库 GIDAA 中超过 190 例的行人和骑车者事故进行数据统计和分析后得出结论:挡风玻璃倾角较小对行人头部更安全。然而, LYONS 等 [ 20 ] 通过多刚体模型进行行人碰撞事故重建, 深入分析了不同挡风玻璃角度下的行人头部损伤响应后发现,行人头部损伤风险会随着挡风玻璃倾角增大而减小;LI Guibing 等 [ 21 ] 采用与LYONS等 [ 20 ] 类似的重建方法,根据其研究中建立的加权损伤评价指标进行分析得出的结论认为, 头部损伤风险基本上随着挡风玻璃角度的增加而增加,但是当挡风角度在 ${20}^{ \circ } \sim {48}^{ \circ }$ 时变化不明显,并指出较小的挡风玻璃角度 $\left( { \leq {30}^{ \circ }}\right)$ 对于行人头部更加安全。显然, 从玻璃角度分析对人体头部造成的损伤所得出的结论存在分歧。对各碰撞点的角度进行了统计, 在车辆标记时使用三坐标测量仪对网格点进行测量, 通过计算得到每个试验点位置相对于水平面的角度 $\alpha$ ,如 图 7 所示,结合前面的试验结果在较小角度时 ${\mathrm{{HIC}}}_{15}$ 伤害值更小。头型撞击时头型纵轴线与前风挡玻璃的相对角度为 $\beta$ , 各车型试验中头型相对于风挡玻璃的撞击角度见 表 2
规程中选择的试验点将被作为头型的目标点进行试验, 头型中心线应按照冲击方向对准目标点; 在撞击时头型与玻璃的接触点更靠前, $\beta$ 角度越大, 接触点越接近目标点,当 $\beta$ 角为 ${90}^{ \circ }$ 时,接触点和目标点重合。由 表 2 可知,以 45°角撞击时, $\beta$ 的角度最小为 ${72.2}^{ \circ }$ ,最大角度为 ${76.3}^{ \circ }$ ;以 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时, $\beta$ 最小角度为 ${92.2}^{ \circ }$ ,最大角度为 ${96.3}^{ \circ }$ 。对于同一个车型的试验来说,以 45°角撞击时,接触点更靠近玻璃的下边界, 更接近车辆的硬点结构, 试验工况可能会更恶劣,会产生更大的头型伤害值。而以 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时,头型纵轴线方向的力几乎垂直作用于玻璃表面, 作用力更集中而有利于玻璃破裂, 导致此角度的伤害值较小。
通过对比分析试验过程的高速摄像视频和试验后的照片,发现 $\mathrm{A}$ 车、 $\mathrm{B}$ 车和 $\mathrm{C}$ 车在撞击角度为 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 时,至少在头型接触到玻璃 $2\mathrm{{ms}}$ 之后玻璃才开始破裂,而 $\mathrm{D}$ 车、 $\mathrm{E}$ 车和 $\mathrm{F}$ 车在两个角度撞击时玻璃的破裂时间基本保持一致。在不考虑非典型破裂的情况下,两个角度下的玻璃破裂形式基本一致。
${10}\mathrm{\;F}$${65}^{ \circ }$ 试验照片
本文主要基于 C-IASI 规程的试验方法, 研究两轮车骑行者头部碰撞时不同冲击角度对于头型伤害值的影响。试验结果表明,在碰撞角度为 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 时较碰撞角度为 ${65}^{ \circ }$ 时会产生更大的伤害值,并且以 ${45}^{ \circ }$ 角撞击时, 玻璃更容易产生非典型破裂。企业在产品设计时,需考虑不同撞击角度所带来的差异,以减小实际事故中对两轮车骑行者造成的伤害。实际试验中还存在其他一些影响试验结果的因素, 如速度、撞击偏差、头型旋转, 汽车玻璃材质与厚度差异、玻璃成型工艺等,但本研究并未涉及此类因素的讨论。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021.
National Bureau of the People's Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (in Chinese)
[2]
王岩. 基于人车事故数据的行人碰撞后运动及损伤规律研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2017.
WANG Yan. Research on Pedestrian's Kinematics and Injury Pattern after Collision Based on Real Pedestrian Vehicle Accident Data[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[3]
GAO Wenrui, BAI Zhonghao, ZHU Feng, et al. A Study on the Cyclist Head Kinematic Responses in Electric-Bicycle-to-Car Accidents Using Decision-Tree Model[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2021,160:106305.
[4]
LI Fan, LI Honggeng, XIAO Zhi, et al. A Review on Injury Mechanism of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Vehicle Accidents[J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2017,23(15):2177-2192.
[5]
SCHMITT KU, NIEDERER P, MUSER M, et al. Trauma Biomechanics[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2010.
[6]
YANG Jingzhen. Review of Injury Biomechanics in Car-Pedestrian Collisions[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Safety, 2005,1(1-3):100-117.
[7]
王仲旭, 陈泽平, 鲁誉, 等. 两轮车事故影响因素分析及损伤机理研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2022(10):56-62.
WANG Zhongxu, CHEN Zeping, LU Yu, et al. Research on Factors Affecting Two-Wheeler Accidents and Injury Mechanisms[J]. Automobile Technology, 2022(10):56-62. (in Chinese)
[8]
CHEN Qiang, DAI Bing. Characteristics and Casualty Analysis of Two-Wheeler Accidents in China, Data Source: The China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS)[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 2018:01-1052.
[9]
罗逍. 面向正面碰撞工况的碰撞预判系统关键技术研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2016.
LUO Xiao. Research on Key Problems of Pre-Crash System in Frontal Collisions[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2016. (in Chinese)
[10]
FREDRIKSSON R, SUI Bo. Fatal Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) Crashes in Germany-An In-Depth Study of the Events, Injuries and Injury Sources[C]// 2015 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, Sept. 9-11, 2015, Lyon, France, 2015:22-33.
[11]
Euro NCAP. Vulnerable Road User Testing Protocol, Version 9.0.3[Z/OL]. 2023. https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77298/euro-ncap-vru-testing-protocol-v903.pdf. https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/77298/euro-ncap-vru-testing-protocol-v903.pdf
[12]
中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司, 中保研汽车技术研究院有限公司. 中国保险汽车安全指数规程第3部分:车外行人安全指数碰撞试验规程(2023年版):C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO[Z]. 重庆: 2023.
China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., CIRI Auto Technology Institute Co., Ltd. China Insurance Automobile Safety Index: Part 3: Pedestrian Safety Index Pedestrian Protection Test Protocol(2023 ver): C-IASI-SM.PS.PPR-CO[Z]. Chongqing: 2023. (in Chinese)
[13]
中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司. C-NCAP管理规则(2021年版)附录B行人保护试验方法[Z]. 天津: 2022.
China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd. C-NCAP Management Regulation (2021 Edition) Appendix B Pedestrian Protection Testing Methods[Z]. Tianjin: 2022. (in Chinese)
[14]
龙永程, 费敬, 李雪玲, 等. 基于事故重建的骑车人头部碰撞测评工况研究[J]. 汽车技术, 2023(4):50-56.
LONG Yongcheng, FEI Jing, LI Xueling, et al. Research on Two-Wheeler Head Crash Evaluation Conditions Based on Accident Reconstruction[J]. Automobile Technology, 2023(4):50-56. (in Chinese)
[15]
刘金明. 基于真实事故再现的行人头部动态响应与损伤评价研究[D]. 湖南: 湖南科技大学, 2022.
LIU Jinming. Research on Pedestrian Head Dynamic Response and Injury Assessment via Reconstruction of Real World Collisions[D]. Hunan: Hunan University of Science and Technology, 2022. (in Chinese)
[16]
VERSACE J. A Review of the Severity Index[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1971:710881.
[17]
LUIS M, LUIS JG, GUSTAVO F, et al. Stiffness Corridors of the European Fleet for Pedestrian Simulations[C]// Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), June 18-21, 2007, Lyon, France, 2007:1-15.
[18]
MERTZ H J, PRASAD P, IRWIN A L. Injury Risk Curves for Children and Adults in Frontal and Rear Collisions[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1997:973318.
[19]
OTTE D. Design and Structure of the Windscreen as Part of Injury Reduction for Car Occupants, Pedestrians and Bicyclists[C]// SAE Technical Papers, 1994:942231.
[20]
LYONS M, SIMMS C K. Predicting the Influence of Windscreen Design on Pedestrian Head Injuries[J]. International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, 2012,40:703-716.
[21]
LI Guibing, YANG Jikuang, SIMMS C. Safer Passenger Car Front Shapes for Pedestrians: A Computational Approach to Reduce Overall Pedestrian Injury Risk in Realistic Impact Scenarios[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2017,100:97-110.
2024年第14卷第2期
PDF下载
186
59
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12
  • 接收时间:2023-12-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19
  • 修回日期:2023-12-28
基金
作者信息
    1 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 重庆 401122
    2 汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室 重庆 401122

通讯作者:


万火旺(1987年-),男,湖北云梦人,学士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为汽车被动安全。Tel: 18580471905 E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/qcgcxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.02.12
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏