Article(id=1153978731598172765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153978730306331381, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.2095–1469.2024.03.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1707148800000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753059569500, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753059569500, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753059569500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753059569500, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153978730306331381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, year='2024', volume='14', issue='3', pageStart='321', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753059569193, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757481634700, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1172526217405280450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153978730306331381, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1172526217405280451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, issueId=1153978730306331381, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=470, endPage=478, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153978732114072159, articleId=1153978731598172765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Electromagnetic Radiation Impact on Human Health in Electric Vehicles, columnId=1153978732042768990, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering, columnName=Green/Health Technologies and Test/Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, numerous challenges must be addressed in the dose evaluation of electromagnetic radiation inside vehicles. This paper expounded the research progress on this topic. And based on the relevant international and domestic standards for electromagnetic radiation exposure limits, it compared the similarities and differences of the current electromagnetic radiation standards for electric vehicles. Additionally, the paper introduced the simulation method for calculating radiation, and evaluated the human exposure doses in the vehicle through both simulation calculation and measurements. The simulation and evaluation of electromagnetic radiation in electric vehicles, as well as the radiation impact on human health, require further exploration and study.
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电动汽车行业迅速发展,车内电磁辐射的剂量评估存在诸多问题亟待解决。阐述了电动汽车电磁辐射研究进展,依据国内外电动汽车辐射研究现状以及国内外电磁辐射暴露限值相关标准,对现行电动汽车电磁辐射标准的异同作了比较,并介绍了电动汽车电磁辐射模拟计算方法,采用模拟计算和实际测量对车内人体电磁辐射暴露剂量进行了评估。对电动汽车电磁辐射的模拟评估、测量评价以及对人体的辐射影响等问题,仍需不断探索和研究。
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| 标准名称 | ICNIRP | IEC 62764- 1: 2022 | GB 8702—2014 | GB/T 37130- 2018 | JASO TP- 13002: 2013 | EV-Test | 汽车健康指数 |
| 标准级别 | 国际 | 国际 | 中国 | 中国 | 日本 | 行业 | 行业 |
| 归口单位 | 国际非电离辐射 防护委员会 | 国际电工委员会 | 国家环境保护部 | 全国无线电干扰 标准化技术委员 会 | 日本汽车工业 学会 | 中国汽车技术 研究中心有限 公司 | 中国汽研 |
| 适用范围 | 所有电磁环境 | 纯电、混动、 燃油车 | 所有电磁环境 | L、M、N类车辆 | L、M、N类车辆 | 纯电动乘用车 | 纯电、混动、燃 油乘用车 |
| 测试工况 | | 静止、匀速、 充电状态 | | 静止、行驶、线 缆充电 | 匀速、加减速、 充电状态 | 匀速、加速、 减速 | 匀速、急加速、 急减速、通信 (T-BOX) |
| 测试频段 | 电磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {300}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ | 磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 电磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {300}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{\;{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {30}$ $\mathrm{{MHz}}$ ,电场 30 MHz $\sim 3$ GHz |
| 测试位置 | | 分区域扫描寻找最 大点,包括座椅、 前机舱、后行李 舱、脚部、充电接 ☐ 20 cm 等区域 | | 座椅位置、脚部 空间区域、中控、 充电口等 | 脑、心脏、生殖 器部位对应的座 椅位置,以及充 电接口 | 座椅头部、胸部、 生殖器、脚底板 及车辆中控 | 乘员头部、胸部、 裆部、脚部及车 辆中控 |
| 限值要求 | 基准 | | 比ICNIRP严格 | 同 GB 8702-2014 | ICNIRP 1998 ICNIRP 2010 | 低于GB 8702- 2014 限值 10% | 最优为低于GB 8702-2014 限值 10% |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781304869188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731598172765, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=
国内外标准对比, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 标准名称 | ICNIRP | IEC 62764- 1: 2022 | GB 8702—2014 | GB/T 37130- 2018 | JASO TP- 13002: 2013 | EV-Test | 汽车健康指数 |
| 标准级别 | 国际 | 国际 | 中国 | 中国 | 日本 | 行业 | 行业 |
| 归口单位 | 国际非电离辐射 防护委员会 | 国际电工委员会 | 国家环境保护部 | 全国无线电干扰 标准化技术委员 会 | 日本汽车工业 学会 | 中国汽车技术 研究中心有限 公司 | 中国汽研 |
| 适用范围 | 所有电磁环境 | 纯电、混动、 燃油车 | 所有电磁环境 | L、M、N类车辆 | L、M、N类车辆 | 纯电动乘用车 | 纯电、混动、燃 油乘用车 |
| 测试工况 | | 静止、匀速、 充电状态 | | 静止、行驶、线 缆充电 | 匀速、加减速、 充电状态 | 匀速、加速、 减速 | 匀速、急加速、 急减速、通信 (T-BOX) |
| 测试频段 | 电磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {300}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ | 磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {100}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 电磁场 $1\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {300}\mathrm{{GHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{\;{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {400}\mathrm{{kHz}}$ | 磁场 ${10}\mathrm{\;{Hz}} \sim {30}$ $\mathrm{{MHz}}$ ,电场 30 MHz $\sim 3$ GHz |
| 测试位置 | | 分区域扫描寻找最 大点,包括座椅、 前机舱、后行李 舱、脚部、充电接 ☐ 20 cm 等区域 | | 座椅位置、脚部 空间区域、中控、 充电口等 | 脑、心脏、生殖 器部位对应的座 椅位置,以及充 电接口 | 座椅头部、胸部、 生殖器、脚底板 及车辆中控 | 乘员头部、胸部、 裆部、脚部及车 辆中控 |
| 限值要求 | 基准 | | 比ICNIRP严格 | 同 GB 8702-2014 | ICNIRP 1998 ICNIRP 2010 | 低于GB 8702- 2014 限值 10% | 最优为低于GB 8702-2014 限值 10% |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781401338183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731598172765, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| | | 10 MHz |
| 职业曝露限值 | 0.8 | 27 | 2700 |
| 公众曝露限值 | 0.4 | 13.5 | 1 350 |
| 无金属植入物 | ${4.23} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${4.24} \times {10}^{-1}$ | 41.30 |
| 有金属植入物 | ${8.00} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${8.72} \times {10}^{-1}$ | 91.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781460058440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731598172765, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=
电场强度限值和仿真计算结果 单位: $\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{m}$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| | | 10 MHz |
| 职业曝露限值 | 0.8 | 27 | 2700 |
| 公众曝露限值 | 0.4 | 13.5 | 1 350 |
| 无金属植入物 | ${4.23} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${4.24} \times {10}^{-1}$ | 41.30 |
| 有金属植入物 | ${8.00} \times {10}^{-3}$ | ${8.72} \times {10}^{-1}$ | 91.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781535555914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731598172765, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车号 | 总分 | 匀速工况 得分 | 急加速工 况得分 | 急减速工 况得分 | 通信工况 得分 |
| 1 | 94.5 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 14.5 |
| 2 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 3 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 4 | 98.25 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 18.25 |
| 5 | 99.24 | 64.59 | 9.75 | 4.9 | 20 |
| 6 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 7 | 97.25 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 17.25 |
| 8 | 87.85 | 63.78 | 9.88 | 4.94 | 9.25 |
| 9 | 91.75 | 65 | 9.25 | 5 | 12.5 |
| 10 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
), ArticleFig(id=1153978781690745164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1152916057816748034, articleId=1153978731598172765, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=
近两年 10 款不同电动汽车的得分, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 车号 | 总分 | 匀速工况 得分 | 急加速工 况得分 | 急减速工 况得分 | 通信工况 得分 |
| 1 | 94.5 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 14.5 |
| 2 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 3 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 4 | 98.25 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 18.25 |
| 5 | 99.24 | 64.59 | 9.75 | 4.9 | 20 |
| 6 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
| 7 | 97.25 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 17.25 |
| 8 | 87.85 | 63.78 | 9.88 | 4.94 | 9.25 |
| 9 | 91.75 | 65 | 9.25 | 5 | 12.5 |
| 10 | 100 | 65 | 10 | 5 | 20 |
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